Date post: | 07-Apr-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | mariel-yanes |
View: | 335 times |
Download: | 3 times |
Parasitology Reviewer
Monica Kristine Reyes
ASCARIS
Unfertilized vs. fertilized egg (eggs are the non-infective stages)
Infective stage: embryonated
Unfertilized eggFertilized eggs
Adult Trichuris• Male has COILED posterior end • Habitat: found in colon; mainly in cecum
Trichuris egg
• Prominent BIPOLAR plugs
Capillaria egg
• With FLAT bipolar plugs (similar to Trichuris na bipolar pero mas flat)
• STRIATED capsule
BUCCAL CAPSULE: hookworms
Acylostoma duodenaleNecator Americanus
Hookworm eggEnterobius egg
Microfilaria
Ancylostoma duodenale
• 2 pairs of teeth
Mukhang tiger! RAAAAAAR! =)
Necator Americanus
Looks like penis to me. Haha!
Hookworm egg• Thin egg shell• Germ cells happen to be in clusters• Morula stage: egg cells start to divide
Parang plastic balloon yung casing di ba? =)
Enterobius eggs• Deposited at perianal space• Coating: for attachment (primary manifestation is
PRURITUS…kaya nagkakamot ng pwet ang pasyente; usually paggabi)
• Egg shell is FLAT on ONE side (Trichuris: bipolar, nakabulge…Capillaria: bipolar din pero medyo flat…ang Enterobius, parang napipi ang isang side)
• Larva in external structures• Very easy transmission due to larva in egg (matures in
4-6 hours)• Can be acquired through inhalation
Enterobius eggs
Fertilized enterobius egg
Enterobius eggs in colon
Microfilaria
• Criculates in blood• Periodicity; NIGHT time (collect blood sample
8pm-2am)• ICT: immunochromatography test (can detect
it even during daytime):card test; antigen detection test
Microfilaria
(Wuchureria bancrofti) microfilariaCephalic phase: generally short
Cephalic space: generally shortSomatic cells: discrete and body nuclei separate
Microfilaria
• Brugia Malayi
Big somatic cells: overlappingLonger cephalic space
SCOLICES: tapeworms
Taenia soliumTaenia saginata
Schistosoma japonicumParagonimus Westermani
Taenia solium
• Armed scolex• Rostellum with hooklets• PORK
Gravid segments: main uterus with lateral branches8 to 12 lateral segments
Taenia saginata
• Unarmed scolex• BEEF
Lateral branches: 15 or more
Solium is worse than saginata…may cyst deposition kasi sa CNS ang solium
Taenia eggs
• Cannot differentiate from each other (solium and saginata)
Adult Schistosoma Japonicum
• Canal (GYNECOPHORAL): used by male to carry female during copula (how sweet!)
• Parang Filipino men: sweet pero polygamous!
Schistosoma eggs
• No operculum but with miracidium• Not mature when passed out by female• Matures in tissues
eggs are usually round and have a small spine or no spine. (lateral knob)
Oncomelania Hupensis Quadrasi
• Intermediate host of local S. japonicum
Immature Paragonimus Westermani
• Very WIDE OPERCULUM• Germ cells: immature; no miracidia• Abopercular thickening
Adult Paragonimus eggs
• Localized in lungs; “lung fluke”• Mistaken for TB• Main manifestation- hemoptysis
Sundathelphusa Philippina
• Intermediate host: Paragonimiasis• 1st pair of arm: one is smaller (R<L)
Echinostoma: intestinal flukes
• Kuhol: can carry metacercaria of Echinostoma (intestinal fluke)
Entamoeba Histolytica cyst
• Chromatoidal bar: rounded ends (cigar-shaped)
:product of excess food
Entamoeba Trophozoite
• Long and fingerlike pseudopodium• Invasive psuedopodium: can carry RBC• Certally located nucleus and nucleolus
Entamoeba coli cyst
• 1-8 nucleated cyst• Off-centered, eccentric nucleus• Chromatoidall bar; jagged ends; “needle
sticks”
Giardia lamblia
• Smiling face; binucleated
Trypanosomes
• What OFWs bring home: Leishmania and Trypanosomes
malaria
P. falciparum
• Malignant malaria• Ring stages: 1/5 of infected cell• Inbetween rings and germ cells/ gametocytes• Mature every 36-40 hours • Schizonts: smooth muscle organ vasculature• Peripheral smear: if these appear, emergency
case na!
P. vivax
• Tendency: young RBCs• Pigments: Sheffner’s dots (degradative
products)• Mature Schizonts: 12-24 merozoites • Merozoites: released when matured; invade
other RBCs • Mature every 48 hours (asexual phase)
P. malariae
• BAND formation• “belt” trophozoite• Normal sized RBCs• Mature every 72 hours (asexual phase)• Produces FEWEST merozoites• Flower: rosette formation (Schizonts)