425IRELAND.-PARIS.

a farm of 25 statute acres for which the farmer pays rentand taxes and possesses a vote. The woman was describedon the "red ticket " as a labourer’s wife. The guardiansat their meeting on June 27th refused to cancel it ; hencethe action of the Local Government Board in transmittingthe medical officer’s letter to them. They have again post-poned the matter. It would seem a gross case.

Tlec late Dr. John Joseph Cranny.The death of Dr. John J. Cranny of 17, Merrion-square,

Dublin, is much to be regretted. He was widely knownand very popular in the city, where his death at the

comparatively early age of 59 years is keenly felt bythe many friends who knew him and recognised his

high qualities as a philanthropist and physician. Hewas the owner of considerable property in the Pembroke

township where he represented for some years a districtat the council board. Dr. Cranny, who was a mostcharitable and retiring man. was an M.D. of the Uni-

versity of Dublin, Fellow and member of council of the

Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, surgeon to Jervis-street Hospital and to the Orthopaedic Hospital, and con-sulting physician to the Royal Hospital for Incurables.

An Honorary Degree for Sir John W. Noore.On July 28th the degree D.Se. honoris callsâ of the Uni-

versity of Oxford was conferred on Sir John William Moore,late President of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland.Professor Love, in presenting him to Convocation, said thatthe University welcomed in him a representative of thesister University of Dublin.

The Belfast Hospitalfor Skin Diseases.At the annual meeting of the supporters of this hospital

held on July 30th it was reported that during the year 926patients had been treated and that the balance to the creditof the institution was 271 15s, 10d. The necessity of animproved Finsen lupus lamp was emphasised.

Ireland’s Declining Popqtlatio7t.The returns just issued of births, marriages, and deaths

in Ireland for the ten years 1891-1900 are very unsatis-

factory. The population has diminished from 4,680,376 to4,468,501-that is, there was nearly a quarter of a millionfewer people in Ireland in 1900 than in 1891. In 60 yearsthe population has declined from over eight millions to lessthan four and a half. The tendency to a decline in thebirth-rate, which has become so marked in England, hasalso spread to the sister country, for the total number ofbirths registered during the ten years was 1,055,020 ascompared with 1,150,463 for the previous decade, being95,443 (or 8’ 3 per cent.) less. The deaths during this decadewere 836,035, as compared with 883,156 for the previousten years, thus showing a decrease of 47,121 (or 5’3 percent.), but an increase in the average annual death-rate from 17’9 in the earlier to 18’2 per 1000 living in thelater period. It will be thus seen, looking at the diminishedbirth-rate and the increased death-rate, that the marginof national increase is rapidly declining. Meanwhile the

emigration continues. The number of marriages registeredduring the period of these ten years was 221,608, or

at the average rate of 4’ 84 per 1000 of the mean

population, and there is a well-marked decrease in

early marriages. The number of illegitimate births inIreland (always exceedingly small and contrasting inthis respect markedly with Scotland) shows still furtherdiminution from 2’ 7 per 1000 in the decennium 1881-90 to2’ 0 per 1000 in the decennium 1891-1900. The causes ofthe dwindling population of Ireland are of great interest butsuch a discussion is not exactly suited for a medical journal.The influence of education is seen in these statistics, for itappears (looking to the number who "signed their namesin writing" as compared with those who signed "by mark" inthe marriage registers and certificates) that in 1864 61’4 percent. of the men and 49’7 of the women signed in writing;in 1871 the proportions were-men 62’5 per cent., women54’8 per cent. ; in 1880, men 73’8 8 per cent., women 69’1 percent. ; in 1890, men 79’ 6 per cent., women 79’1 per cent. ;in 1900, men 86’8per cent., women 89’3 per cent. It is aremarkable fact that, while there has been a steady increasein both sexes in the proportion signing by writing, the pro-portion among women, which was much below that for menin 1864, became equal to the rate for men in 1891 and haseach year since exceeded it. It is also curious to note thatwhile in Leinster, Munster, and Connaught, taking the

figures for each year of the decade, the married women seem

to be better educated than the men, in Ulster the reversewas the case until the year 1900, when 85’5 per cent. of themen and 86’ 3 per cent. of the women signed their names inwriting.

N1&acirc;sance by 6’<M7M7’.An important judgment was given in Dublin on July 28th

by Mr. Justice Barton. The Belfast corporation was heldto have injured a firm of linen merchants by smoke, soot,grime, and colly which issued from the corporation’s gasretort-house and injured and soiled linen goods on theirpremises situated on the opposite side of the street. Thislooks like opening up a fine field for litigation.August 2nd.

____ ____ __

PARIS.(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

The Epidenziology of Ulceratwe 1Jfembr(JJnous Stoniatitis.AT the meeting of the Academy of Medicine which was

held on July 19th M. Kelsch reminded his hearers thatulcerative membranous stomatitis, a disease which not so

very long ago was epidemic in the army, only attackedyoung children and soldiers. This point was an additionalinstance of the relationship between the pathological sensi-tiveness exhibited by these two classes. There was a militarypathology just as there was an infantile pathology andthey were quite comparable. The form of stomatitis in

question only appeared in barracks during one century-viz., at the end of the eighteenth century. It remained

sporadic until 1820, increased from then up to 1875,and then declined until it entirely vanished with thelast years of the century. As regarded the infantile formthe course was similar. It was very common and fre-quently epidemic in the Children’s Hospital from 1830 to 1850but since that date it had only been met with sporadically.M. Kelsch having drawn attention to the oscillations whichother diseases undergo, then referred to the specific nature ofulcerative membranous stomatitis. He could only explain itby connecting it with the attacks of sore-throat due to fuso-spirillary bacilli which have been so common of late yearsand which in his opinion are due to a transformation of theorganisms which formerly caused stomatitis of the ulcerativemembranous variety.

Gastrostomzry for Imperforate (]j)sophag1Is.At the meeting of the Society of Surgery held on July 13th

M. Kirmisson read a paper on the case of a newly born childwho had been taken to his wards in February of thecurrent year suffering from an imperforate oesophagus.As is commonly the case in such instances of de-

formity, the oesophagus communicated with the respiratorypassages. Within an hour or two of the admission of thechild to the hospital M. Kirmisson attempted to performgastrostomy but the stomach was so distended that it burstunder the efforts of the patient. M. Kirmisson sewed thestomach to the abdominal wall, leaving an opening, but theinfant shortly died. A post-mortem examination showedthe rupture of the stomach had caused free hasmorrhage intothe small omentum.

T1lberculosis in Paris.A new dispensary has just been opened in Paris for the

reception of members of the working classes of both sexeswho have broken down from overwork and whom tuberculosisis on the watch to attack (guette). Over the entrance isinscribed, "Pr&eacute;venir, c’est gu&eacute;rir."

" The treatment will con-sist in overfeeding and rest in the open air. The chief ofthe dispensary is Dr. Charles Richet.

The New Hospitals.M. Mesureur, the director of the Assistance Publique, is

pushing on the building of the new hospitals as fast as

possible. At Aubervilliers one block is already nearly com-pleted. The foundations of the nursing school at the

Salpetriere are dug but the new Pitie Hospital, which isto occupy the site vacated by the Salpetriere, is scarcelybegun, although the plans are definitely decided on. Theentrance to the new Pitie Hospital will be in the Boulevardde 1’Hopital, opposite the general stores of the AssistancePublique. Immediately inside the entrance are the receptionroom and the administrative buildings. Then come thewards. Two are allotted to surgery and two more, oppositeto these, to medicine. There is also a maternity block. Laterit is intended to build a third medical ward. The nursing

426 PARIS.-MEDICAL NEWS.

school will be finished n two years and the new PitieHospital in four years.

The Absence of "Anaphylaxie " in Man. after RepeatedInjections of Antidiphtheritic Serum.

At a recent meeting of the Hospitals Medical SocietyM. Marfan reminded the meeting that in two previous com-munications M. Arthus had pointed out that although theserum of a horse is not poisonous for a normal rabbitit becomes so for an "unguarded rabbit" (lapin anaphy-lczctise)-that is to say, for a rabbit which has been renderedhypersensitive by a repeated series of injections. Aftersuch a series of injections of five cubic centimetresof horse serum an cedematous infiltration is noticedat the seat of the latest injection. together with an asepticabscess and patches of gangrene. A rabbit which has beenrendered hypersensitive by six or eight injections, eithergiven hypodermically or intraperitoneally will sometimesdie in a few minutes if given an injection of two cubic centi-metres by the vein of the ear. In other cases the rabbitshows acute toxic symptoms which, however, pass off forthe time being, but the animal gradually becomes more andmore cachectic and dies in a few weeks. A wide experi-ence of injections of antidiphtheritic serum derived fromthe horse has enabled M. Marfan to state that thisstate of "anaphylaxie" does not exist in man, at least, inso far as regards hypodermic injections. Although the seatof injections sometimes shows swelling or redness, thesephenomena are but transient and occur after one injectionjust as much as after many. There can be no question hereof hypersensitiveness.August 2nd. __________________

Medical News.UNIVERSITY OF LONDON.-At examinations held

in July the following candidates were successful :-M.D. EXAMINATION.

Medicine.-Hugh Barber, Guy’s Hospital and Victoria University;Helen Beatrice Hanson, London (Royal Free Hospital) School ofMedicine for Women; Arthur Charles Haslam, St. Thomas’sHospital; Septimus M. Hebblethwaite, St. Bartholomew’s Hos-pital ; Norris Norman A. Houghton, Guy’s Hospital; Colin DunrodLindsey, St. Mary’s Hospital; John Ford Northcott, Guy’s Hos-pital ; Claude Rundle, St. Mary’s Hospital; and Richard HamiltonTownend, London.

Mental Diseases and Psychology.-William Ferris, B.S., St. Mary’sHospital.

Midwifery and Diseases of Women.&mdash;James Cole Marshall, St. Bar-tholomew’s Hospital; Richard Drummond Maxwell, LondonHospital; Thomas Massey Pearce, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital;and George Struan Robertson, Guy’s Hospital.

State Medicine.&mdash;Myer Coplans, University College and Guy’sHospital.

M.S. EXAMINATION.M.’S. ’EXAMINATION.

William Henry Bowen, Guy’s Hospital ; David Leighton Davies,M.D., University College; Walter Fedde Fedden, St. George’sHospital; Sydney Itichard Scott, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital; andRobert Gordon Strange, St. Thomas’s Hospital.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.-The following isthe official list of passes at the recent professional examina-tions for degrees in medicine and surgery :&mdash;

First Professional Examination.-James Aiken, H. M. Anderson,A. H. T. Andrew, William Bainbridge, Alexander Baldie, ChristinaH. Barr, Margaret W. Bartholomew, Lydia D. la Trobe Bateman,Elizabeth M. A. Baxter A. R. Bearn, James Black, John Brander,Sarah E. Buyers, Ellison Cansfield, J. T. Carson, Jean G. Cathels,P. H. Chauvin, D. G. Cooper, H. S. Cormack, F. G. Cowan, J. C.Craig, M.A.. W. S. Crawford, Emilee C. Creaser, J. M. Dalrymple,Purser Davies, F. Dillon, A. E. Drynan. A. C. England, Crom-well Gamble, Thomas Gardner, Michael Gavin, Alexander Gibson,M.A. (with distinction), John Gilchrist, A. I. Girdweed, J. A.Gordon, A. T. Gowan, J. C. B. Grant, Itobert Hannah, JohnHewat, A. E. Huckett, P. F. Hugo, J. D. Ingram, K. R. K.Ivengar, Andrew Jamieson, J. A. Jamieson, F. E. Jardine,W. P. S. Johnson, R. Q. Jollie, E. W. Kirk, Robert Krause,F. R. Laing, C. L. Laurent, R. D. Laurie, H. R. Lawrence,D. C. Lee, Margaret M. Lindsay, V. D. 0. Logan, G. H. Lowe,Robert M’Adoo, Margaret M’Cahon, Alexandra B. MacCallum,Ranald MacDonald, R. F. D. MacGregor, D. L. MacKenna,

Kenneth Mackenzie, A. K. Maclachlan, W. M. Macnab, DavidMacnair, John Malloch, John Marshall (with distinction), EvaMeredith, W. A. Miller, A. R. Milroy, J. A. Mitchell, V. P.Mondon, F. L. Moore, Anna L. Muncaster, William Murdie, M.A.;C. C. Murray, C. T. Newton, I. A. van Niekerk, A. C. Norman,C. A. Paterson, A. P. Pearson, J. H. Peek, H. R. A. Philp, LauraW. Pugh, F. W. Rayment, F. E. Reynolds, E. W. Richards, CharlesRobertson, B.A., Marguerite Ross, Samuel Rowlands, D. H.Rnssell, C. S. Sandeman, W. A. Scobie, John Scott, R. L. Scott,Wilhelmina Sievwright. B. A., J. C. Simpson, J. T. Simson, E. W.Smerdon, Thomas Smyth, W. N. van Someren, J. E. Spence, R. H.Tait. J. J. Thomson, N. G. Thornley, Raymond Verel, F. H. de

Villiers, A. A. Walbrugh, Dora M. Walker, E. A. Walker, W. 0.Walker, L. E. B. Ward, W. II. te Water, F. W. Waterworth, A. P.Watson, M.A. ; H. B. Watson, M.A., N. J. Watt, H. L. WatsonWemyss, E. V. Williams, Gordon Wilson, A. G. Yates, M.A., andW. A. Young.

Second Professional Examination.-G. P. Adshead, John Alexander,M.A., Alfred Arthur, A. F. Babonau, Ernest Banks, Frank Blamire,J. D. Bowie, 11. F. Briggs, Alice M. Burn, Edward Burnet, B.A..W. P. Chrystall, J. A. Currell, J. S. Daniell, Richard Davidson,J. D. C. Duncan, J. S. Edwards, Mary S. Finlayson, F. S. B,Fletcher, K. N. Ghosh, J. E. Gordon, E. R. Grieveson, B.A., D. K.Henderson, W. M. P. Henderson (with distinction), Nettie D.Hendrie, J. M’Adam Hill, A. S. Holden. Spencer Jackson, W. W.Johns, W. T. A. Jolly (with distinction), R. Lloyd Jones, BeatriceKippenberger, J. H. Lamb, S. B. Legge, John M’Cutcheon, A. T.M‘Donald, George M’Mullan, W. J. Macnab, A. S. Mactavish,L. R. H. P. Marshall, A. H. M. Maxwell, J. E. Murray, Janet M.Murray, M.A., Meher A D. Naoroji, A. J. P. Nowell, A. S. Paterson,Edith G. Pycroft, G. Y. Richardson, W. R. Ridley, W. G. Rivers,Graham Robertson, Thomas Itobertson, W. 0. Sclater (with (listinc-tion), II. L. Sells, Subrata Chunder Sen, E. D. Simson, R. St. C,Steuart, J. A. Taylor, E. W. Vaughan, A. S. Walker, and F. E.Wall.

Th,ird Professional Examination.-Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, A. W.Atkinson, A. J. Beattie, E. J. Black, Norman Black, JamesBrennan, Gilbert Britto, T, Graham Brown, B.Sc., J. S. Caldwell,Thomas Campbell, N. S. Carmichael, John Chisholm, F. W. Cragg,Davidina R. J. Davidson, E. G. Deverell, F. II. Dickson, M. G.Dill, James Dundas, David Eakin. II. F. Fenton, L. P. M.Gardner, H. S. Gaskell, E. G. Girdwood, J. A. Glover, M.A.,E. J. C. Groves, J. T. Gunn, H. S. A. Hogg, G. 11. Howe, J. H.Hume, J. F. James, J. R. Kerr, R. M. Liddell, John Lindsay,J. A. Loughridge, Peter M’Dermid, D. F. Mackenzie, WilliamMagill, W. J. Maloney, J. A. Mathers, F. C. Mills, M.A., HaroldMowat, R. E. Moves, E. B. Munro. R. E. U. Newman, R. H. Nolan,H. J. Norman. C. R. O’Brien, J. S. Orwin, J. L. Pearce, D. E. C.Pottinger, Gustav Ranbenheimer, D. G. Reid, II. D. Robb. T. E.Roberts, J. R. Robertson, H. M. Sauzier, J. 0. Shircore, E. M.Simmers. Archibald Simpson, W. Torrance Smith, W. J. Taggart,H. V. Taylor, J. II. du Toit, Andrew Wiglit, Richard Wilkins,C. R. Wills. and J. T. Yonng.

ROYAL COLLEGES OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONSOF EDINBURGH AND FACULTY OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONSOF GLASGOW.-At the July sittings of the Scottish ConjointBoard held in Glasgow the following candidates passed therespective examinations :&mdash;

First Examination (fiue years’ course) .-Alexander M’Murray, Belfast; John M’Kelvey, Belfast; Ernest Gibson, Cork; WilliamGarfield Forde, Cloyne; Henry William Turner, Glasgow; OsmondeRashleigh Belcher, Cork ; Thomas Baird Ferguson, Kirkmaiden:Frank Humphry Ali Kiddle, Nellore, Madras; Patrick James Taaffe,Liverpool; John George Buchanan, Tiree; David Welsh, Wilson-town ; and Karl Frederick Gorer, Demerara.

First Examination (four years’ course).-George Vernon Edwards,Kendley, Cheshire.

Secotd Examination (five years’ course).-John Robert Dunn Holtby,Belfast (with distinction) ; John Arthur Smith, Glasgow ; F.Garnet Allan, Whaley Bridge, Cheshire; John Monerieff Muir,Kilmarnock ; Joseph Hume Patterson, North Berwick.

Third Examination. -Alexander Brown, Galston: Percival Henderson,Skelmersdale; John Macnamara, County Leitrim; John M’Arthur,Calderbank; John Michael Moriarty, Co. Kerry; William FrankHague Ives, London; Henry Edward Bolton, Dublin; JosephBenjamin Norman Raphael-Tom. Trinidad, B.W.I.; and JohnHughes Roberts, Bodedern, Anglesea.

Final Examination, and admitted Licentiates of the Three Co&ouml;peratingAuthorities.-James Booth Patterson, Carluke ; Archibald FrankGreene Spinks, Southport; Robert Crothers, Banbridge, Ireland;Thomas Graham Campbell, Partickhill; William Arthur Magill,Belfast ; George Henry Waugh, Belfast; Llewellyn Charles Nash,New Shildon, R.S.O., Darlington; Percy James Thomson, L.D.S.,Glasgow; Thomas Arthur Fall, Partick; Henry Edward Strathy,Pitlochry; Reginald William Townley, Oswaldtwistle, Lancs.;Mathias Antonio Ligoria dos Santis Vaz, Edinburgh ; John Hutchi-son Fyfe, L.D.S., Glasgow; Laurence Gavin, Edinburgh; and DavidIlaig, Springburn.

CONJOINT EXAMINATIONS IN IRELAND BY THEROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND THE ROYAL COLLEGEOF SURGEONS.-At the final examination the followingcandidates satisfied the examiners :&mdash;

With Honours.-James S. Sheill.Passed i)t All Subjects.-Miss Alice VI. Barry, Mathew Campbell,William J. Cowell, Michael Keane, William F. B. Loughman,William L. Murphy, and Arthur Lanigan O’Keiffe.

Completed Examination.-Andrew J. Bracken, George P. A. Bracken,Alfred N. Crawford, Christopher A. Cusack, Benjamin D. Gibson,George A. D. Harvey. Patrick Kinsella, Francis J. Lennan, WilliamJ. O’Sullivan, James Parker, and Thomas J. Ryan.

FOREIGN UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.- Basle:Dr. Gustav Wolff of Carlsruhe has been appointed Extra-ordinary Professor of Psychiatry.-Berlin: Dr. MaximilianHenkel has been recognised as privat-docent of Midwiferyand Gynaecology, Dr. Heinrich Poll as privat-docent of Com-parative Anatomy, and Dr. Fritz Frankenhauser as privat-docent of Internal Medicine.-Bologna: Dr. B. Schiassi hasbeen recognised as privat-docent of Surgery.-Bonn: Dr.Wilhelm Reis has been recognised as privat-docent of Oph-thalmology.-Budapest: Dr. J. Siklossy has been reco-

gnised as privat-docent of Ophthalmology and Dr. Illyes as