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India to ratify Paris agreement on climate change: Here is everything you need to know

AKSHATH BHARATHI

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IntroductionWhat is Paris agreement? Or COP21?The Paris Agreement (French: L'accord de Paris) is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) dealing with greenhouse gases emissions mitigation, adaptation and finance starting in the year 2020 and has been ratified by 61 countries till now.COP stands for Conference of Parties, an annual meeting of all nations that make up the United Nations Framework on Climate Change -- 195 nations in total.

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PARIS AGREEMENT - STATUS OF RATIFICATION

The Paris Agreement shall enter into force on the 30th day after the date on which at least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 % of the total global greenhouse gas emissions have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the Depositary.

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Aim of the agreement1. To achieve a legally binding agreement, with universal

participation among all nations,2. To keep global warming below what most scientists say is the

critical threshold of 2 degrees Celsius of warming,3. Making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low

greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development,4. low greenhouse gas emissions development, in a manner that

does not threaten food production,5. Increasing the ability to adapt to the adverse impacts of

climate change and foster climate resilience.

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Parties and signatories

Party or signatory

Percentage ofgreenhouse

gases forratification

Date ofsignature

Date of deposit of instruments

ofRatification

orAccession

Date whenAgreemententers into

force

China 20.09% 22 April 2016 3 September 2016

United States 17.89% 22 April 2016 3 September 2016

India 4.10% 22 April 2016

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Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced on Sunday that India will ratify the COP21 Paris Agreement on climate change. India had not ratified it yet as it sought greater flexibility for its industrial and economic growth plans.The US and China, two of the most industrialized countries in the world, have already ratified the document. India will become the 62nd country to ratify the Paris Agreement.once it is ratified, will have a significant bearing on the energy sector and will have a huge impact on the industrial output.

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Firstly, India will have to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions by 33-35 per cent from the levels on 2005. This goal has to be achieved by 2030.Another tough commitment is reduction in emission intensity targets. To achieve that, India will also need a 175 Gigawatt power production capacity from renewable energy sources by 2025.Third most important commitment will be a massive increase in green cover. India will need to increase the forest cover by five million hectares and also improve the quality of green cover of an equal measure.

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Temperature increase leads to rising and warming seas, changes in the quality and availability of water, decreases in food production, unbearable heat, and more highly destructive weather events will affect most nations.Some 60 percent of its population makes its living from agriculture, which will be particularly affected. Most farmers will be hit by drought while some will be flooded. A large portion of the Indian population lives in coastal areas and low-lying islands. These areas will be subject to more and deeper flooding and consequent population displacement.India’s climate change offer consists mainly of three parts: (1) to reduce India’s emissions intensity per unit of GDP 33 percent to 35 percent from 2005 levels by 2030; (2) to achieve “about” 40 percent installed electric power capacity from non-fossil fuels by 2030; and (3) to create an additional “carbon sink” of 2.5 to 3 billion tons of CO2 equivalent through afforestation by 2030.

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Green House Gas and its effectsA greenhouse gas is any gaseous compound in the atmosphere that is capable of absorbing infrared radiation, thereby trapping and holding heat in the atmosphere.greenhouse gases are responsible for the greenhouse effect, which ultimately leads to global warming.

Effects of increased greenhouse gas emissions:• Global warming

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Green House Gas and its effects• Ocean Acidification

• Changes to plant growth and nutrition levels

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Green House Gas and its effects• Smog and ozone pollution

• Ozone layer depletion

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Video

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Thank you