The Cambridge Handbook of Korean Linguistics

Sungdai Cho

John Whitman

Contents

Introduction Sungdai Cho (Binghamton)

John Whitman (Cornell)

Part 1. Korean Overview 1. Phonology overview Young-Key Kim-Renaud

(George Washington)

2. Syntax overview James Yoon (UIUC)

3. Major issues in Korean linguistics from a linguistic theory standpoint

John Whitman (Cornell)

4. Historical linguistics Chiyuki Ito (Tokyo U. of Foreign Studies)

5. Politeness Strategies Sungdai Cho (Binghamton)

6. Kugyeol John Whitman (Cornell)

Part 2. Phonetics and Phonology 7. Vowel harmony Seongyeon Ko (Queens)

8. The Phonology and Phonetics of Korean laryngeal contrasts

Yoonjung Kang (Toronto)

Jessamyn Schertz (Toronto)

9. The Phonetic-prosody interface and prosodic strengthening in Korean

Taehong Cho (Hanyang)

10. Korean prosody and its interface with subareas of linguistics

Sun-ah Jun(UCLA)

11. Constituent structure and sentence phonology of Korean

Seunghoon Lee (ICU)

12. Effects of language experience on the perception of Korean consonants

Sang Yee Cheon (Hawaii)

Part 3. Morphology and Syntax 13. Right-dislocation in Korean Heejeong Ko (SNU)

14. Experimental insights on the grammar of Korean anaphors

Chunghye Han (Simon Fraser)

15. Thematic structure in Korean DP Peter Sells (York)

Shin-Sook Kim (York)

16. Interaction of causative and passive constructions

Sungdai Cho (Binghamton)

17. The processing of relative clauses in Korean Nayoung Kwon (KonKuk)

Part 4. Semantics and Pragmatics 18. Speaker perspectives in Korean grammar Ho-min Sohn (Hawaii)

19. Discourse studies in Korean Haeyeon Kim (Chung-Ang)

20. Patterns of conceptual metaphors in Korean Ebru Tucker (ASU)

21. Wh-indefinites Jiwon Yun (Stony Brook)

22. Expletive negation in Korean and beyond Suwon Yoon (UTexas, Arlington)

23. Nominal and temporal anaphora in Korean narrative discourse

Eunhee Lee (Buffalo)

Part 5. Sociolinguistics and Psycholinguistics 24. Grammaticalization in Korean Seongha Rhee (HUFS)

25. Language and gender Min-Ju Kim (Claremont Mckenna)

26. Jejueo: Koreas other language William OGrady (Hawaii)

Changyong Yang (Jeju National U.)

Sejung Yang (Hawaii)

27. Influence of Sociocultural categories in Korean

Agnes Kang (Lingnan)

Part 6. Language Pedagogy 28. Genre-based approach in Curriculum: Principles and Practices

Hye-Sook Wang (Brown)

29. Exploring Integrated Performance Assessment

Sahie Kang (Middlebury)

30. Teaching pronunciation to learners of Korean

Meejeong Park (Hawaii)

31. Interactional competence in L1 and L2 Korean language

Mary Kim (Hawaii)

32. Korean heritage language learners Hi-Sun Kim (Harvard)

33. Comprehension of Korean idioms as a foreign language

Danielle Ooyoung Pyun (OSU)

34. Language policy and its effect in South Korea

Hyun Sik Min (SNU)

The Cambridge Handbook of Korean Linguistics

Abstract of Each Chapter with Authors Five Recent/Representative Publications

PART 1. KOREAN OVERVIEW

1. Phonology Overview

Young-key Kim-Renaud (George Washington)

Publications

2015 A Syntactic and Pragmatic Analysis of Subject Honorification, in David J. Silva,

ed., Inquiries into Korean Linguistics V: 49-59.

2009 Korean: An Essential Grammar, London and New York: Routledge (272 pages)

[Reviewed by Gregory K. Iverson in the Journal of Asian Studies (2010), 69.3: 926

928].

2002 Intensity and Brightness in Korean Sound Symbolism, Korean Linguistics 11: 5-27.

1997 The Korean Alphabet: Its History and Structure [editor], University of Hawaii Press,

Honolulu (315 pages)

1986 Studies in Korean Linguistics, Hanshin Publishing Co., Seoul [Reprinted three times, 2nd

ed., 1992] (231 pages).

2. Syntax Overview

James Yoon (UIUC)

Publications

2014 Kim, Eunah, Silvina Montrul, and James Yoon. "The on-line processing of Binding

Principles in L2 acquisition: evidence from eye-tracking." Applied Psycholinguistics

2010. Kim, Ji-Hye, Silvina Montrul, and James Yoon. "Dominant Language Influence in the

Acquisition and Attrition of Binding: Interpretation of the Korean Reflexive

'caki'." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 13.1: 73-84.

2009 Kim, Ji-Hye , Silvina Montrul, and James Yoon. "Binding Interpretations of anaphors by

Korean Heritage Speakers."Language Acquisition 16.1: 3-35.

2009 Kim, Ji-Hye, and James Yoon. "Long-Distance Bound Local Anaphors in Korean: An

Empirical Study of the Korean Anaphor 'caki-casin'." Lingua 119: 733-755.

2009 Montrul, Silvina, and James Yoon. "Putting Parameters in their Proper Place." Second

Language Research 25.2: 287-307.

3. Major issues in Korean linguistics from a linguistic theory standpoint

John Whitman (Cornell)

Publications

2015 Old Korean. In Brown, Lucien and Jae Hoon Yeon (eds.) The Handbook of Korean

Linguistics, 421-438. London: Wiley-Blackwell. Theoretical Approaches to Disharmonic

Word Order. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

2012 The relationship between Japanese and Korean. In Tranter, David N (ed.) The

Languages of Japan and Korea. London: Routledge, 24-38.

2008 The classification of constituent order generalizations and diachronic explanation. In

Good, J. (ed.), Language Universals and Language Change. Oxford: Oxford University

Press.

2008 Proto-Japanese (with Bjarke Frellesvig). Amsterdam, John Benjamins.

1998 Nichieigo hikaku sensyo, volume 9: Kaku to gojun to tgo kz. (Case, word order, and

syntactic structure) (co-author, with Koichi Takezawa). Tokyo, Kenkysha.

4. Historical Linguistics

Chiyuki Ito (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies)

Publications

In Press, Analogical change of accent in the verbal inflection of Yanbian Korean. Lingua.

2014 Ito, Chiyuki & Michael Kenstowicz. "The Adaptation of Contemporary Japanese Loanwords in Korean." Japanese/Korean Linguistics 22: 3-20.

2014 Ito, Chiyuki. Compound tensification and laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions in Yanbian

Korean.Phonology 31: 349-398.

2014 Do, Young Ah, Chiyuki Ito and Michael Kenstowicz. "The Base of Korean Noun Paradigms: Evidence

from Tone". Korean Linguistics 16-2: 111-143.

2014 Do, Young Ah, Chiyuki Ito and Michael Kenstowicz. "Accent Classes in South Kyengsang Korean:

Lexical Drift, Novel Words, and Loanwords". Lingua 148: 147-182.

2014 Ito, Chiyuki. "The Accent of Sino-Korean Words in South Kyengsang Korean". Gengo Kenkyu 145: 61-96.

5. Politeness Strategies

Sungdai Cho (Binghamton)

Honorific expressions are a main focus in the sociolinguistics of Korean (Sohn, 1994, 1999) and

Japanese (Harada 1976, Matsumoto 1988, Uchibori 2008, Miyagawa 2012). Honorifics are

considered to be part of Korean culture, showing respect to the subject, the object and the hearer.

Their formation is realized as lexically, morphologically and syntactically as shown in (1-3).

There have been many approaches to solve the complexity and intricacy of honorific expressions,

but none of those approaches are satisfactory in many ways. We start with a sociolinguistic

http://www.chiyukit.sakura.ne.jp/Ito&Kenstowicz_JK2012.pdfhttp://www.chiyukit.sakura.ne.jp/Ito&Kenstowicz_JK2012.pdfhttp://www.chiyukit.sakura.ne.jp/coronal%20coda.pdfhttp://www.chiyukit.sakura.ne.jp/coronal%20coda.pdfhttp://www.chiyukit.sakura.ne.jp/Accent_Classes_in_South_Kyengsang_Korean.pdfhttp://www.chiyukit.sakura.ne.jp/Accent_Classes_in_South_Kyengsang_Korean.pdfhttp://www.chiyukit.sakura.ne.jp/Sino-Korean%20Accent.pdf

approach by Lee and Ramsey (2000), a psycholinguistic approach by William OGrady (2013), a

semantic approach by Eun and Strauss (2004), and a syntactic and semantic approach by Pak,

Portner and Zanuuiti (2013).

I will limit the discussion and debate here only in Korean honorifics in this chapter. First,

there are 4-6 different speech styles (deferential, polite, intimate and plain) among which two styles

are archaic and a real question is whether we consider top two speech styles to be honorific

expressions. Second, there are formal and informal speech styles and a question is if formality of

those speech styles is considered to be a condition of honorific expressions. Third, politeness

strategy has been the focus of those speech styles and a question is how we set up a general

politeness rule of Korean, relating to honorifics.

Publications

2013 Studies in Korean Linguistics and Language Pedagogy: Festschrift for Ho-min Sohn,

Editor (616 Pages, ISBN: 978-89-7641-830-2). Edited with Sung-Ock Sohn and Seok

Hoon You. Korea University Press. Seoul, Korea.

2013 Passivization of Transitive Verbal Nouns in Korean: Factors that Facilitate

Passivization in the VN-cwung construction. (with Yutaka Sato) Language Research

49.3:803 828. Seoul National University.

2013 Collaborative Writing Planning with Concept Maps (with Yongjin Lee). Studies in

Korean Linguistics and Language Pedagogy:Festschrift for Ho-min Sohn, edited with

Sungdai Cho, Sung-Ock Sohn and Seok-Hoon You. Korea University Press. Seoul,

Korea. pp 241-253.

2012 Standards for Korean Foreign Language Learning in the 21st Century: A Collaborative

Project of the Korean National Standards Task Force and the American Association

of Teachers of Korean. PP 405-455. Allen Press Inc. Lawrence, KS.

2009 Cleft Constructions in Japanese and Korean (with Y. Yanagida and J. Whitman).

Chicago Linguistic Society. Vol. 44-1:61-77.

6. Kugyeol

John Whitman (Cornell)

PART 2. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY

7. Vowel Harmony

Seongyeon Ko (Queens)

Description: This article is an introduction to the synchrony and diachrony of Korean vowel

harmony from both empirical and theoretical points of view, targeting interested linguistics

graduate students and researchers.

Publications

Contracted Tongue Root Harmony and Vowel Contrast in Northeast Asian languages.

Expected to appear in 2016 in Turcologica Series, Harrassowitz.

2014 Comparative consequences for a tongue root harmony analysis for proto-Tungusic, proto

Mongolic, and proto-Korean. In Walter Bisang and Martine Robbeets (eds.), Paradigm

Change in Historical Reconstruction: The Transeurasian Languages and Beyond

(Studies in Language Companion Series), John Benjamins. 141-176. (with Andrew

Joseph and John Whitman)

2013 The end of the Korean vowel shift controversy. Korean Historical Linguistics: Special

Issue of Korean Linguistics 15:2. John Benjamins. 199-221.

2011 Vowel contrast and vowel harmony shift in the Mongolic languages. Language Research

47(1). 23-43.

2010 Contrastive hierarchy and its change in the Middle Korean vowel system. Eoneohag

(Linguistics) 56. Linguistic Society of Korea. 87-118. [In Korean] Mira Oh) 39(1): 37-61.

8. The Phonology and Phonetics of Korean laryngeal contrasts

Yoonjung Kang (Toronto)

Jessamyn Schertz (Toronto)

I am hoping to contribute an article on "The Phonology and Phonetics of Korean laryngeal

contrasts". The article will provide an overview of the literature, both phonetic and phonological,

on the laryngeal contrasts in Korean obstruents and also review recent literature on dialectal

variation and sound change. If space permits, I may include a section on the historical origin of

these stop contrasts. I plan to include some newly collected data (from Seoul Korean and two

dialects of Chinese Korean) to illustrate the change and dialectal variation in the paper.

Publications

In press VOT merger in Heritage Korean in Toronto. Language Variation and

Change. (With Naomi Nagy)

2015 Frequency effects on the vowel length merger in Seoul Korean. Laboratory Phonology

(WithTae-Jin Yoon, and Sungwoo Han), 6(3-4): 469503.

2014 Voice Onset Time merger and development of tonal contrast in Seoul Korean stops: a

corpus study. Journal of Phonetics 45, 76-90.

2013 Tonogenesis in early Contemporary Seoul Korean: a longitudinal case

study. Lingua(With Sungwoo Han): 134, 62-74.

2013 L1 phonotactic restrictions and perceptual adaptation: English affricates in Contemporary

Korean. Journal of East Asian Linguistics: 22,1. 39-63.

Publication lists for Jessamyn Schertz

2016 Individual differences in perceptual adaptability of foreign sound categories. Attention,

Perception, & Psychophysics 78.1.355367. (With T. Cho, A. Lotto, and N. Warner)

2015 Individual differences in phonetic cue use in production and perception of a non-native

sound contrast. Journal of Phonetics 52.183-204 (With T. Cho, A. Lotto, and N. Warner)

2015 Dialectal variability in place and manner of Korean affricates. Proceedings of ICPhS.

(With Y. Kang, A. Kochetov, E. Kong, and S. Han)

2014 Variability in the pronunciation of non-native English 'the': Effects of frequency and

disfluencies. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 10.2.329345. (With M. Ernestus)

2013 Exaggerating featural contrasts in clarifications of misheard speech in English. Journal of

Phonetics41.249-263.

9. The Phonetic-prosody interface and prosodic strengthening in Korean

Taehong Cho (Hanyang)

'The phonetics-prosody interface and prosodic strengthening in Korean'

This chapter will discuss how the phonetic granularity is modulated by higher-order prosodic

factors such as prosodic boundary and prominence that stem from prosodic structure. It will also

compare prosodic strengthening patterns (i.e., a spatial/temporal expansion) that arise with

boundary strength and/or prominence in Korean with those in English and other languages, and

discuss the extent to which the phonetics-prosody interface is attributable to language specificity

of Korean vs. universal applicability.

Publications

2016 Prosodic boundary strengthening in the phonetics-prosody interface. Language and

Linguistics Compass, 10(3), 120-141. (With Wiley-Blackwell)

2016 Articulatory reflexes of the three-way contrast in labial stops and kinematic evidence for

domain-initial strengthening in Korean. Journal of the International Phonetic Association

(With Minjung Son & Sahyang Kim)

2015 Language effects on timing at the segmental and suprasegmental levels. In

M. A. Redford, (Ed.), The Handbook of Speech Production (pp. 505-529). Hoboken, NJ:

(With Wiley-Blackwell)

2014 Effects of prosodic boundary and syllable structure on the temporal realization of CV

gestures in Korean. Journal of Phonetics, 44, 96109. (With Yeomin Yoon & Sahyang

Kim)

2014 Prosodic strengthening on the /s/-stop cluster and the phonetic implementation of an

allophonic rule in English. Journal of Phonetics, 46, 128-146. (With Yoonjung Lee &

Sahyang Kim)

10. Korean prosody and its interface with subareas of linguistics

Sun-ah Jun (UCLA)

This chapter will introduce the model of Korean intonational phonology and how intonation and

other prosodic features help us to understand issues in sentence processing, syntax-phonology

interface, semantics-prosody interface (especially information structure), prosodic phonology

(domain of phonological processes), and language acquisition (both first and second language

acquisition).

Publications

2015 "High-toned [il] in Korean: Phonetics, Intonational Phonology, and Sound Change. (With

Cha, Jihyeon) Journal of Phonetics 51, 93-108.

2009 Prosody in Sentence Processing, in P. Li (General Ed.), Handbook of East Asian

Psycholinguistics, Part III: Korean Psycholinguistics (C. Lee, G. Simpson, & Y. Kim,

Eds.). London: Cambridge University Press. Pp.423-432

2005 Korean Intonational Phonology and Prosodic Transcription in Sun-Ah Jun (ed.) Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing. pp.201-229. Oxford

University Press

1996 The Phonetics and Phonology of Korean Prosody: intonational phonology

and prosodic structure, Garland Publishing Inc., New York : NY

1996 A Prosodic analysis of three types of wh-phrases in Korean, Language and Speech (With

Mira Oh) 39 (1): 37-61.

11. Constituent structure and sentence phonology of Korean

Seunghoon Lee (ICU)

This article will introduce syntax-phonology interface research of Korean first by reviewing

studies that are mostly done in early 1990s. It will also include recent findings by adopting

Match Theory proposed in Selkirk (2011).

Publications

2015 Constituency in sentence phonology: an introduction, Phonology 32(1): 1-18. (With

Selkirk, Elisabeth)

2015 Cumulative effects in Xitsonga: high-tone spreading and depressor consonants, Southern

African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 33(3): 273-290.

2015 A surface constraint in Xitsonga: *LI, Africana Linguistica 21: 4-27. (With Bennett,

William)

2014 The Whistled fricatives in Xitsonga: Its Articulation and Acoustics. Phonetica 71(1): 50-

81. (With Lee, Sang-Im, Shigeto Kawahara)

2014 Domains of H tone spreading and the noun class prefix in Xitsonga. Southern African

Linguistics and Applied Language Studies. 32(1): 21-34

12. Effects of language experience on the perception of Korean consonants

Sang Yee Cheon (Hawaii)

Language experience plays an important role in the perception and production of speech sounds

(Flege, 1987; Flege et al., 1999). It has been observed that late L2 learners cannot acquire L2

sounds without foreign accent, assuming that heritage learners (HL) are different from late adult

or non- heritage language (non-HL) learners both in perception and production. That is, HL

learners, who were exposed to the HL during childhood, have a phonological advantage over non-

HL learners, who did not have such exposure. According to previous studies, listener knowledge

of L1 phonology strongly affects their perception and production of non-native sounds (Au et al.,

2002; Cheon & Lee, 2013; Chang et al., 2011; Godson, 2004; Nozawa & Cheon, 2013; Oh et al.,

2003). Research on HL phonology has been done in several languages, including Spanish, Korean,

Armenian, and Chinese (Au et al., 2002; Chang et al., 2011; Cheon & Lee, 2013; Godson, 2004;

Oh et al., 2003). Chang and his colleagues (2011) reported the positive role of early exposure to

the HL in their L2 Mandarin production study. The HL learners performed more similarly to the

native speakers of the HL than the L2 learners did, successfully producing phonetic and

phonological contrasts in Mandarin Chinese. Au et al. (2002), in their study on the role of early

exposure to the HL (Korean), noted an advantage of child overhearers over non-overhearers in

their ability to develop a native-like accent later in life. Many previous studies have focused on

beginning-level learners and initial consonants. The proposal will examine how Korean

consonants in initial and intervocalic positions are categorized and perceived by non-HL learners

and HL learners of Korean. For this purpose, two different groups will participate in the perception

experimental study: beginning and advanced learners.

Publications

2014 The identification of stops in a coda position by native speakers of American English,

Korean and Japanese. Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan, 18, 13-27. (With

Nozawa, T.)

2013 Perception of Korean stops by heritage and non-heritage learners: Pedagogical

implications for beginning learners. The Korean Language in America, 18, 23-39. (With

T. Lee)

2012 The identification of nasals in a coda position by native speakers of American English,

Korean and Japanese. Journal of the Phonetic Society of Japan,15, 5-14. (With Nozawa,

T.)

2010 Speech production and perception of English /s-/ by Korean ESL learners. Korean

Journal of Applied Linguistics, 26 (4), 1-19.

2008 Acoustic and perceptual similarities between English and Korean sibilants: Implications

for second language acquisition. Korean Linguistics, 14, 4164. (With V. Anderson.)

2006 Production of Korean fricatives in second language acquisition: Acoustic

characteristics. Korean Linguistics, 13, 1748.

PART 3. MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX

13. Right-Dislocation in Korean

Heejeong Ko (SNU)

This chapter investigates the syntax and semantics of postverbal elements in so-called Right

Dislocation Constructions (RDCs) in Korean. Korean is well-known to be a head-final language

where the verb occupies the final position in a clause in canonical orderings. An important fact

that cannot be dismissed, however, is that various types of elements may appear in postverbal

position in Korean as well. Arguments such as the subject, the object, the indirect object, and CP

complements may be located to the right of the verb. Moreover, a variety of predicative

projections such as adverbial phrases, prepositional phrases, relative clauses, and small clause

predicates may also appear in postverbal position. In this chapter, I critically review and evaluate

the validity of current syntactic analyses on right-dislocation in Korean. In particular, two major

issues on RDCs in Korean will be examined in detail: (i) whether the RDC contains a mono-

clausal structure or a bi-clausal structure, (ii) whether postverbal elements undergo syntactic

movement or base-generated. I will also look into differences among sub-varieties of RDCs in

Korean, which include the contrast between gapped RDCs and gapless RDCs (repetitive vs. non-

repetitive RDCs). A general comment on the cross-linguistic implications of Korean data for the

current research on RDCs in other head-final languages such as Japanese, Turkish, and Hindi

will also be included in this chapter.

Publications

2015 Two ways to the right: a hybrid approach to right-dislocation in Korean.Language

Research 51: 3-40

2014 Edges in Syntax: Scrambling and Cyclic Linearization. Oxford: Oxford

University Press.

2011 Predication and Edge Effects. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory29:

725-778.

2007 Asymmetries in scrambling and cyclic linearization, Linguistic Inquiry38:49-83

2005 Syntax of why-in-situ: merge into [Spec,CP] in the overt syntax, Natural

Language & Linguistic Theory 23 (4): 867-916.

14. Experimental insights on the grammar of Korean anaphors

Chunghye Han (Simon Fraser)

Many recent studies on Korean anaphors use both off-line and on-line experimental methods to

test structural and non-structural constraints on their interpretation and usage. The questions that

the findings of these studies address include whether the anaphor is required to be in a certain

structural relation with its antecedent, whether the anaphor is interpreted via binding or co-

reference, whether and how much logophoricity or empathy determines the antecedent potential

of the anaphor, and the locality of the dependency between the anaphor and its antecedent. This

article will present a synthesis of these experimental studies on various types of Korean

anaphoric forms, including pronouns and long distance anaphors.

Publications

2016 Endogenous sources of variability in language acquisition. Proceedings of the National

Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 113:4, 942-947. (With Julien

Musolino and Jeffrey Lidz)

2015 The time course of long-distance anaphor processing in Korean. Korean Linguistics 17:1,

1-32. (With Dennis Ryan Storoshenko, Betty Leung and Kyeong-min Kim)

2012 Semantic binding of long-distance anaphor caki in Korean. Language 88:4, 764-790.

(With Dennis Ryan Storoshenko)

2007 Verb-raising and Grammar Competition in Korean: Evidence from Negation and

Quantifier Scope. Linguistic Inquiry, 38:1, 1-47. (With Jeffrey Lidz and Julien Musolino)

2004 Are There "Double Relative Clauses" in Korean? Linguistic Inquiry, 35:2, 315-337.

(With Jong-Bok Kim)

15. Thematic structure in Korean DP

Peter Sells (York)

Shin-Sook Kim (York)

We want to look at the syntactic expression of arguments and adjuncts of different kinds of noun

within the Korean DP. The work is inspired in part by chapters by Ono and by Nishiyama on

Japanese, in the recent Handbook of Japanese Lexicon and Word Formation, Kageyama and

Kishimoto (eds.), 2015.

There are two main areas to focus on: whether arguments and adjuncts of the same noun

can be scrambled or not (Ono), depending on semantic properties of the noun; and different

kinds of argument-taking nominal (Nishiyama: inalienable, relational, saturated, unsaturated),

leading to different syntactic properties both within DP and in the external context of the DP. As

far as we know, there is no comparable work on Korean.

Publications

Shinsook Kim

To appear. Noun-modifying constructions in Korean. In Noun Modifying Clause Constructions

in Languages of Eurasia: Reshaping Theoretical and Geographical Boundaries (With

Peter Sells), ed. by Yoshiko Matsumoto, Bernard Comrie, and Peter Sells. John

Benjamins Publishing Company.

2006 Korean NPIs scope over negation. Language Research 42.2, 275-297. (With Peter Sells)

2006 Intervention effects in alternative questions. The Journal of Comparative Germanic

Linguistics 9, 165-208. (With Beck, Sigrid, and Shin-Sook Kim)

2002 Intervention effects are focus effects. In Japanese/Korean Linguistics 10, ed. by Noriko

Akatsuka and Susan Strauss, 615-628. Stanford: CSLI.

1997 On WH- and operator scope in Korean. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 6, 339-384.

(With Beck, Sigri.)

Peter Sells

To appear. Noun-modifying constructions in Korean. In Noun Modifying Clause Constructions

in Languages of Eurasia: Reshaping Theoretical and Geographical Boundaries (With

Shinsook Kim), ed. by Yoshiko Matsumoto, Bernard Comrie, and Peter Sells. John

Benjamins Publishing Company.

2015 The syntax of mood constructions in Old Japanese: A corpus based study. In Dag Haug

(ed.). Historical Linguistics 2013: Selected papers from the 21st International Conference

on Historical Linguistics, Oslo, 5-9 August 2013. Amsterdam, John Benjamins, 281-301.

(With Russell, Kerri)

2015 Negation and negative polarity items. In Lucien Brown and Jaehoon Yeon (eds.)

Handbook of Korean Linguistics. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 212231.

2010 Oblique Case Marking on Core Arguments in Korean. Studies in Language 34, 602635.

(With Kim, Jong-Bok)

2006 Korean NPIs scope over negation. Language Research 42.2, 275-297. (With Kim, Shin-

Sook)

16. Interaction of Causative and Passive Constructions

Sungdai Cho (Binghamton)

Passive and causative constructions involve the grammatical changes of subject and object. In this

chapter, I describe the basics, types and major characteristics of the two constructions and show

how they are interrelated to each other.

In this chapter, we describe the patterns of changes in grammatical relations, the passive and

causative construction. In both constructions, we describe the basic principles of forming the

patterns, three types of patterns (lexical, morphological and syntactic), and the major

characteristics of each pattern. For lexcical passives, the lexcial predicates by itself indicate a

passive meaning. For morphological passives, the pasive construction is a grammatical change,

since the object in an active sentence is updgraded to a subject and the subject is downgraded to

an object while adding a passive morpheme. There are four different passive morphemes, -i, -hi,

-li, -ki and there are many exceptions that no passive counterpart from the active or no active

counterpart from the passive sentence appears in this passive. Syntactic passives are formed with

syntactic phrases, -cita, -key toyta with similar exceptions that there is either no passive or no

active counterpart generated from the active or passive construction. There are also four different

by phrase in Korean that have to do with the characteristics of the noun phrase of by.

Causative construction is also a grammatical change in that a new subject is introduced and a

subject is downgraded to an indirect object, while an existing direct object stays as it is and a

causative morpheme is added into the predicate. For lexical causatives, a lexcical verb shows a

causative meaning by itself. For morphological causatives, seven types are introduced with

different causative morphemes, i, hi, li, kwu, wu, kwu, chwu. For syntactic causatives, four types

are introduced with four syntactic patterns, -key ha, key amntul, -tolok ha, -tolok mantul. We

finally show seven major differences between morphological and syntactic causatives: causation

and case change in the nominative marker, negation scope, adverbial modifier, co-occurrence with

honorifics and auxiliary predicates.

17. The processing of relative clauses in Korean

Nayoung Kwon (Kon Kuk)

In this paper, I present series of studies that aimed to test predictions of Gibsons (2000)

Dependency Locality Theory, OGradys (1997) Structural Distance Hypothesis, Keenan &

Comries (1977) Accessibility Hierarchy, MacWhinneys Perspective shift (1982), MacDonald

& Christiansens Statistical Regularity of Word Order (2002), and constructional frequency. The

processing of SRs and ORs were examined with various types of head nouns (Exp1; self-paced

reading), with and without supporting context (Exp2; eye-tracking), in comparison with that of

argument-drop sentences (Exp4; self-paced reading) and with and without resumptive pronouns

(Exp6; eye-tracking). In addition, two event-related brain potential studies were conducted to

examine underlying neuro-cognitive mechanisms (Exp 3 & 5). Overall results were most

compatible with the accounts involving structural complexity and the accessibility hierarchy.

Publications

2015 Processing control information in a nominal control construction: An eye-tracking

study. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research. (With Sturt, Patrick)

2014 The use of control information in dependency formation: An eye-tracking study. Journal

of Memory and Language, 73, 59-80. (With Sturt, Patrick)

2013 Subject/Object processing asymmetries in Korean relative clauses: Evidence from ERP

data. Language, 89, 537-585. Linguistic Society of America. (With Robert Kluender,

Marta Kutas & Maria Polinsky)

2013 Null pronominal (pro) resolution in Korean, a discourse oriented language.Language and

Cognitive Processes, 28(3), 377-387. (With Patrick Sturt)

2010 Cognitive and linguistic factors affecting subject/object asymmetry: An eye-tracking

study of pre-nominal relative clauses in Korean. Language, 86(3), 546-582. Linguistic

Society of America. (With Yoonhyoung Lee, Peter C. Gordon, Robert Kluender & Maria

Polinsky)

PART 4. SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND SOCIOLINGUISTICS

18. Speaker Perspectives in Korean Grammar Ho-min Sohn (Hawaii)

This chapter is aimed at examining how the speakers perspectives (or points of view) are

encoded in Korean grammar, in the light of current linguistic argumentation on

(inter)subjectivity and (inter)subjectification vis--vis grammaticalization (e.g. Traugott &

Dasher 2001; Davidse, Vandelanotte & Cuykens 2010). Specifically, limiting the discussion to

modal phenomena (while excluding deictic aspects), I will examine how the (inter)subjectified

linguistic markers are distributed in a patterned way in Korean grammatical structure, how they

have developed via grammaticalization processes, and how Korean grammar has constantly been

enriched, regularized, and deregularized as a result of (inter)subjectification.

Davidse, K., L. Vandelanotte and H. Cuykens (eds.). 2010. Subjectification, Intersubjectification

and Grammaticalization. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter Mouton.

Traugott, E.C. and R.B. Dasher. 2001. Regularity in Semantic Change. Cambridge, UK:

Cambridge University Press.

Publications

1995 Korean. London, UK: Routledge.

1999 The Korean Language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

2004 The Adjective Class in Korean. Chapter 9 in R.M.W. Dixon and A.W. Aikhenvald

(eds.): Adjective Classes: A Cross-linguistic Typology, pp. 22341. Oxford: Oxford

University Press.

2009 The semantics of clause linking in Korean. Chapter 12 in Robert Dixon and Sasha

Aikhenvald (eds.): The Semantics of Clause Linking, A Cross-linguistic Typology.

Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. pp. 285317.

2012 Middle Korean. Chapter 4 in D.N. Tranter (ed.): The Languages of Japan and Korea.

Pp. 73122. London, England: Routledge Publishers.

19. Discourse Studies in Korean Haeyeon Kim (Chungang)

This paper discusses research on discourse analysis (DA) and conversation analysis (CA) in Kore

an linguistics, discussing assumptions and issues of functional approaches to language by providi

ng overview of major discourse studies carried out in the last decades. This study introduces basi

c assumptions and research topics relating to DA and CA in functional approaches to language, a

nd explores the possibility of adopting functional approaches into discourse analysis in Korean. T

his paper first provides a brief overview of basic assumptions, methodology, and major research t

opics of functional linguistics and the development of DA and CA studies. Then it provides a bri

ef overview of some major findings and research topics in the discourse analysis and interaction-

based studies which have dealt with written and spoken (conversational) discourse data in Korea

n linguistics in terms of: (i) information flow, (ii) information status and word order variability, (i

ii) discourse markers, (iv) discourse/interactional functions of clausal connectives and sentence-e

nding suffixes, (v) turn-taking and related topics, and (vi) other interaction-based studies on such

topics as repair, demonstratives, reported speech, and so on. This study discusses how discourse-

based functional approaches to language can provide a new way of viewing language functions in

Korean. Overall, this paper shows what has been, and needs to be, studied regarding discourse st

udies and interaction-based analysis of Korean.

Publications

2014 A Corpus-Based Analysis of the Meanings and Uses of the Basic Color Terms and their

Derivative Terms. Ene, Language, Journal of Linguistic Society of Korea 39:4, 901-923.

2009 Types and Functions of Candidate Answers in English Conversation. Sociolinguistics,

Journal of the Korean Sociolinguistic Society) 17:1, 185-209.

2008 Turn Extensions as Turn-Constructional Practice: Word Order Variability in Korean

Conversation. Japanese/Korean Linguistics Vol. 13, 397-408.Stanford: CSLI.

2006 Retroactive Elaboration in Korean Conversation. Japanese/Korean Linguistics Vol. 14, 12-

25. Stanford: CSLI.

2005 An Overview of Studies of Conversation in Korean Linguistics. Sociolinguistics, Journal

of the Korean Sociolinguistic Society 13:2, 89-126.

20. Patterns of Conceptual Metaphors in Korean

Ebru Tucker (ASU)

This chapter will introduce conceptual metaphors of Korean within the framework of Conceptual

Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson 1980). In this framework, conceptual metaphor is

understood as a systematic mapping of inferences from a concrete source domain onto an

abstract target domain through the systematic projection of elements based on shared features.

The cross-domain correspondences between entities are not arbitrary, but rather are grounded in

correlations that fall within our physical and cultural experience. While there are primary

metaphors motivated by the basic patterns of human perception and experience, there are also

cultural metaphors that are based on social and cultural constructions of experience. In the last

few years, cross-linguistic and cross-cultural differences in the emergence of conceptual

metaphors have attracted many scholars, and there is thus now a substantial body of metaphor

research on languages other than English (e.g. Charteris-Black 2003 for Malay; Maalej 2004 for

Tunisian Arabic; Matsuki 1995 for Japanese; zalkan 2004 for Turkish; Trker 2013 for

Korean; Yu 2003 for Chinese). However, research on Korean metaphors is still rare. The study

presented in this chapter investigates conceptual metaphors of Korean with a particular focus on

determining culturally oriented cross-domain correspondences between source and target

domains. Hence, the chapter will explore Korean metaphorical patterns that (i) demonstrate

selections of source and target domains that are unique to the Korean language and (ii) manifest

a variety of relationships in regard to shared features between source and target domains.

Publications In preparation, Theoretical approaches to teaching Korean idioms in second language

Under review, L1 frequency effects in L2 speakers learning of L2 idioms. A

Journal of Language Teaching and Research

Under review, Idiom acquisition by second language learners: The influence

of cross-linguistic similarity and context. Journal of Bilingual Education and

Bilingualism

2016 The role of L1 conceptual knowledge and frequency in the acquisition of L2

metaphorical expressions. Second Language Research, 32 (1), 25-48.

2013 Corpus-based Approach to Emotion Metaphors in Korean: A Case Study Anger,

Happiness and Sadness. Review of Cognitive Linguistics 11(1), 73-144.

21. Wh-indefinites

Jiwon Yun (Stony Brook)

This chapter describes non-interrogative uses of so-called wh-words in Korean and reviews

arguments regarding their historical development, grammatical properties, and processing

difficulties.

Publications

2015 Uncertainty in processing relative clauses across East Asian languages. Journal of East

Asian Linguistics. Vol. 24 No. 2. 1-36. (With Chen Zhong, Tim Hunter, John Whitman,

and John Hale)

2015 The influence of sentence-final intonation and phonological phrasing on the interpretation

of wh-indeterminates. MIT Working Papers in Linguistics 76: Proceedings of the 9th

Workshop on Altaic Formal Linguistics. 25-34.

2014 Wh-indefinites and their licensing conditions. Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of

the Chicago Linguistic Society. Vol 47. No 1. 361-372.

2012 The deterministic prosody of indeterminates. Proceedings of the 29th West Coast

Conference on Formal Linguistics. 285-93.

2011 On the Meaning of wh-(N)-ina and wh-(N)-itun in Korean, Language Research, Vol. 47

No. 2. 191-218.

22. Expletive Negation in Korean and beyond Suwon Yoon (UTexas Arlington)

Description: In this chapter, I propose the semantics of what has been called expletive negation

(EN), showing that, contrary to the traditional term expletive, this type of negation is not

semantically void. I show how the newfound positive context for EN in Korean challenges the

previous assumption regarding negative licensers for EN, hence the negativity-related analyses.

Instead, EN is analyzed as a subspecies of subjunctive mood marker which creates an additional

attitudinal meaning on a separate layer of doxastic/buletic states. More specifically, the semantic

effects of EN are parameterized into two types of subjunctive-like properties, unlikelihood and

undesirability. This proposal implicates the following: first, the analysis accounts for the

crosslinguistic variation in EN between Korean and other languages; and second, it offers a

systematic analysis of EN in other environments such as exclamatives, questions, certain

temporal conjunctions, and comparatives.

Publications

To appear. Scalar marking without scalar meaning: non-scalar, non-emphatic EVEN-marked

NPIs in Greek and Korean. Language. (With Anastasia Giannakidou)

2015 Semantic constraint and pragmatic nonconformity for expressives: compatibility

condition on slurs, epithets, anti-honorifics, intensifiers, and mitigators. Special issue on

Slurs at Language Sciences 52: 46-69.

2013 Parametric Variation in Subordinate Evaluative Negation: Japanese/Korean vs.

Others. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 22.2: 133-166.

2011 The subjective mode of comparison: metalinguistic comparatives in Greek and

Korean. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory 29.3: 621-655. (With

Anastasia Giannakidou)

2011 A Structural Asymmetry in Intervention Effects. Lingua 121: 942-962.

23. Nominal and temporal anaphora in Korean narrative discourse

Eunhee Lee (Buffalo)

I would like to contribute a chapter called Nominal and temporal anaphora in Korean narrative

discourse. In this article, I will discuss the ways in which Korean nominal expressions such as

zero anaphora and topic-marked NPs are employed to introduce and maintain major referents as

well as Korean tense and aspect forms are used to do the same for events. I might add L2 data to

compare but it might get too long if I did that.

Publications

2015 An Introduction to Korean Linguistics Routledge, (with Sean Madigan and Mee Jeong

Park)

2013 Korean Tense and Aspect in Narrative Discourse , Eastern Art Publishing,

London. Journal articles

2016 Mismatch of topic between Japanese and Korean. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 25,

81-112 (with Mitsuaki Shimojo as a second author).

2015 Nominal reference in Korean heritage language discourse. Heritage Language

Journal 12:132-158. (with Matthew Zaslansky as a second author)

2010 Pluperfects in Korean and English discourse. Journal of Pragmatics 42, 766-780.

PART 5. SOCIOLINGUISTICS AND PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

24. Grammaticalization in Korean

Seongha Rhee (HUFS)

Summary: This chapter contribution addresses the following: the tradition of grammaticalization

studies in Korean; grammaticalization studies at different levels of grammar; and

grammaticalization studies by different grammatical categories. The description will focus on the

conceptual and cognitive mechanisms as well as socio-pragmatic motivations. It will also

highlight the issues from the typological perspective.

Publications

2016 From Quoting to Reporting to Stance-Marking: Rhetorical Strategies and

Intersubjectification of Reportative, Language Sciences 55: 36-54.

https://www.routledge.com/products/9780415659932http://saffronbooksandart.net/Korean-Tense-and-Aspect-in-Narrative-Discoursehttp://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10831-015-9138-xhttp://www.heritagelanguages.org/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378216609001817

2016 Mwunpephwauy Ihay [Understanding Grammaticalization] (2nd edition). Seoul:

Hankook Publisher.

2015 Analogy-driven inter-categorial grammaticalization and (inter)subjectification of -na in

Korean. Lingua Hyun Jung Koo 166: 22-42.

2015 On the emergence of Korean markers of agreement. Journal of Pragmatics 83: 10-26.

2011 Grammaticalization in Korean. In Bernd Heine and Heiko Narrog (eds.) The Oxford

Handbook of Grammaticalization. pp. 764-774. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

25. Gender as a Linguistic Variable in Korean

Min-Ju Kim (Claremont)

The proposed study will survey key research topics of Korean linguistics in the field of language

and gender. Since the enthusiastic mid-70s burgeoning of studies on language and gender, a

number of studies (especially in sociolinguistic studies, linguistic anthropology, discourse

analysis, and pragmatics) have confirmed that gender is an important variable in our everyday

use of language. Without doubt, this is the case for the Korean language as well. Korean is well-

known for its capacity to encode various interpersonal factors into the language (e.g., honorific

system). This study will focus on Korean address terms and honorific markers including sentence

levels which are among the clearest linguistic indices of how interlocutors define and create

relationships in interaction (linguistic indexicality), with a focus on gender.

Korean address terms have served as one of the clearest litmus tests for changes in

Korean society and culture. In addressing friends among middle-aged people, the rising

popularity of the newer and womens term caki you stands in contrast with the decreasing

popularity of the older and mens term caney you. The preference between caki and caney at

work places also reflects whether the company has a male-dominant or female-dominant culture

as shown in the two Korean dramas I Need Romance 3 and Misayng that aired recently. This

study compares the usage patterns of caki and caney using spoken corpus data and explains the

changing dynamics of the Korean society reflected in them with a focus on gender. In a similar

manner, this study looks into different cases involving gender such as predominant use of imo

aunt (maternal side) and enni older sister (of a woman) instead of komo aunt (paternal

side) and nwuna older sister (of a man) in the service industry. Along with an examination of

Korean sentence level and honorific markers (and mixture of honorific and non-honorific

markers), the proposed study discusses these questions drawing on theories of community of

practice, dominance vs. difference, linguistic indexicality and (paradox of) power and

solidarity.

Publications

2011 Grammaticalization in Korean: the Evolution of the Existential Verb, Saffron Korean

Linguistics Series 5, Saffron Books (London) in conjunction with the Centre of Korean

Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.

2015 Womens Talk, Mothers Work: Korean Mothers Address Terms, Solidarity, and

Power, Discourse Studies, 17:5, 551-582.

2015 From Choice to Counter-Expectation: Semantic-Pragmatic Connections of the Korean

Disjunctive, Concessive, and Scalar Focus Particle -na, Journal of Pragmatics, 80, 121.

2010 The Historical Development of Korean siph- "To Think" into Markers

of Desire, Inference, and Similarity, Journal of Pragmatics, 42:4, 1000-1016.

2008 On the Semantic Derogation of Terms for Women in Korean, with Parallel

Developments in Chinese and Japanese, Korean Studies, University of Hawaii Press, 32,

148-176.

26. Jejueo: Korea's Other Language

William OGrady (Hawaii)

Changyong Yang (Jeju National U)

Sejung Yang (Hawaii)

Brief abstract: We will present an overview of Jejueo, the traditional language Korea's Jeju

Island. Topics to be discussed include: this history of Jejueo and its current use on Jeju Island,

its status as a language rather than a 'dialect,' salient features of its phonology and morphology,

and the prospects for its preservation and revitalization.

Publications

2015 Asymmetries in childrens production of relative clauses: Data from English and

Korean. Journal of Child Language (with Chae-Eun Kim). 42, 1- 34.

2003 The Sounds of Korean (co-authored with M. Choo). Honolulu: University of Hawaii

Press.

2000 Studies on Korean in Community Schools (co-edited with D. J. Lee, S. Cho, M. Lee, &

M. Song) University of Hawaii: Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center

(Technical Report # 22).

1996 Handbook of Korean Vocabulary (co-authored with M. Choo). Honolulu: University of

Hawaii Press.

1991 Categories and Case: The Sentence Structure of Korean. Philadelphia & Amsterdam:

John Benjamins.

27. Influence of Sociocultural Categories in Korean

Agnes Kang (Lingnam Univ.)

Publications

In Press "Influence of Sociocultural Categories on Bilingual Interaction." In P. Li (General Ed.),

Handbook of East Asian Psycholinguistics, Part III: Korean Psycholinguistics

(C. Lee, Y. Kim, & G. Simpson, Eds.). London: Cambridge University Press.

Forthcoming "At the intersection of elitism and gender in Hong Kong advertisements of luxury residences",

to be published in the Proceedings of the 5th International Gender and Language Association

conference. Victoria University of Wellington

Forthcoming (Kang, M. Agnes and Stephanie Schnurr) "From high society to workplace reality: Negotiating

gender identities in Hong Kong", The Linguistics Journal: :"Language, Culture and Identity

in Asia"

2010 (Zayts, Olga and M. Agnes Kang) "On the use of preliminary inquiries in non-native

interactions in prenatal genetic counselling: a conversation analytic perspective," to appear in

a special issue of the Journal of Asian Pacific Communication: "Medical Communication in

the Asia Context"

2010 (Kang, M. Agnes and Olga Zayts) "Challenges for communicating with a globalised patient

population: A look at prenatal counseling in Hong Kong", to appear as part of a special issue of

the Journal of Asian Pacific Communication: "Medical Communication in the Asia Context"

PART 6. LANGUAGE PEDAGOGY

28. Genre-based Approach in Korean Language Curriculum: Principles and Practices

Hye-Sook Wang (Brown)

This paper aims to examine how genre-based approach is best applied as guiding principles for

different levels of the Korean language curriculum. Previous research in relation to this approach

in foreign language education has predominantly focused on promoting literacies in language

classrooms, improving learners genre-specific writing skills, and applying it for language for

specific purposes courses. However, genre-based approach can be a very useful framework for

articulating the Korean language curriculum by selecting and adopting different narrative modes

for each level that best fit learners proficiency and its specific goals. While there is a substantial

body of literature on the application of the genre-based approach to foreign language teaching in

other languages (i.e. mostly romance languages), relatively little attention has been paid in

teaching Korean language. After discussing theoretical background of this approach (i.e.

reviewing the principles), the paper will propose a curricular model that can be adopted in any

Korean language programs with specific examples for each level.

Publications

1999 Speech Acts in Korean Language Textbooks: Representations and Authenticity. Journal

of Korean Language Education, 10(1), 195-220.

2000 Disagreement Strategies by Korean Men and Women. Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea,

7(2), 21-56.

2012 A Proposal for Advanced Level Korean Curriculum. Korean Language in America:

Journal of the American Association of Teachers of Korean. 17 (special issue), 109-127.

2012 Culture in the Textbook, Culture in the Classroom, and Culture in the Korean Language

Curriculum, In Byon, A. & D. Pyun (Eds.) Teaching and Learning Korean as a Foreign

Language: A Collection of Empirical Studies. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University,

149171.

2014 Biracial Korean and Their Approaches to Korean Language Learning. Teaching Korean

as a Foreign Language, 40, 171-206 (with C. Liu).

29. Exploring Integrated Performance Assessment

Sahie Kang (Middlebury)

Following Integrated Performance Assessment (IPA, Adair-Hauck, Glisan and Troyan,

2013) model, this paper will discuss how language proficiency and skills in real use of grammar

and vocabulary can be measured in actual performance assessment of integrated skills of reading,

listening, speaking and writing. In order to verify whether IPA model has validity and reliability,

an actual implementation of IPA in an Advanced Korean class will be collected and analyzed

based on rubrics that can be used as standards for scoring. The paper will also analyze if there

are correlations between IPA results and Proficiency outcomes to support the test validity. At the

same time, the author will emphasize the significance of backward design (Wiggins and

McTighe, 2005) which contrasts sharply with the traditional approach of planning instructional

activities first and designing assessment later in the instructional process. Backward design

urges teachers to determine the evidences of learning through effective assessment to verify

learning goals before planning any instructional activities.

Reference

Adair-Hauck, B., Glisan, E. W., & Troyan, F. J. (2013). Implementing Integrated Performance

Assessment. Alexandria, VA: ACTFL.

Wiggins, G.,& McTighe,J. (2005). Understanding by design. Columbus, OH: Pearson Education,

Ltd.

Publications

2016 Proficiency Assessment: Revisited, forthcoming, Current Issues, Journal of

KLACES (Korean Language and Culture Education Society)

2016 College Korean Curriculum Inspired by National Standards for Korean, Special Edition,

The Korean Language in America, Co-Authored with Y. Cho, Penn State University

Press

2015 Rise of Korean Language Programs in U.S. Institute of Higher Education: A Narrative,

in H. Wang (eds), Korea University Press

2014 Advanced Course Design for Reaching Level 3 and Above, Dialog on Language

Instruction, Vol. 24, Defense Language Institute

2013 The Effect of Study Abroad Program on Socio Linguistic Acquisition, Studies in

Korean Linguistics and Language Pedagogy, November, Korea University Press

2013 "Curricular Design for Content Based Advanced North Korean Dialect Materials:

Pedagogical Principles and Practical Issues," Special Flagship Publication,

University of Hawaii at Manoa & AATK, June

30. Teaching Pronunciation to Learners of Korean Meejeong Park (Hawaii)

This chapter draws from theory and practice on effective teaching of aspects related to the

pronunciation of Korean. An overview of teaching issues from different methodologies and

second language acquisition research is provided with special emphasis on the most difficult

features of Korean sound system from learners perspectives. Having Communicative Language

Teaching as a basis for classroom teaching, it emphasizes that the main goal of language

teaching is to help students learn to successfully communicate in Korean. This chapter provides a

comprehensive overview of the sound system of contemporary Korean, and suggests ways of

intersecting the sound system with hangul in terms of reading, listening, and speaking. It also

suggests useful assessment tools and measures, in addition to suggested teaching techniques

Publications

2015 An Introduction to Korean Linguistics. Routledge. (With Lee, E.H., Madigan, S)

2013 An effective way of teaching Korean obstruents to beginning learners. Studies in Korean

Linguistics and Language Pedagogy. Festschrift for Ho-min Sohn. Sohn, S.O., Cho, S.,

and You, S.H. [Eds]. Korea University Press.

2013 A Resource for Korean Grammar Instruction. University of Hawaii Press. (With Sohn,

S.O.)

2012 The Meaning of the Korean Prosodic Boundary Tones. Brill.

2009 Perception and Production of Korean Obstruents through Prosody. Journal of Korean

Language Education, p.143-163.

31. Interactional competence in L1 and L2 Korean language

Mary Kim (Hawaii)

Interactional competence is recognized as a vital part of communicative competence (Ross &

Kasper 2013, Wong and Waring 2010, Young 2003). Drawing on findings from conversation

analysis, pragmatics, and interactional linguistics studies of Korean language, this chapter will

offer an overview of how speakers display and achieve interactional competence: how they

produce and understand talk, reciprocally maintain participation, and accomplish actions and

intersubjectivity with other co-participants in everyday social interaction. The chapter will first

discuss the fundamental interactional organizations of L1 Korean, such as how Korean speakers

take turns (turn-taking organization), organize their turns of talk in a sequential manner

(sequence organization), and deal with problems of understanding (i.e., repair organization). The

chapter will discuss how the distinct grammatical structure and features of Korean are tied to the

interactional practices and strategies of Korean speakers (e.g., uniqueness in turn-formats,

response tokens, repair practice). The chapter will next provide an overview of studies which

investigate Korean language learners interactional competence: how learners deploy linguistic,

identity, and interactional resources. The chapter aims to illuminate new directions in Korean

language acquisition and pedagogy research and also suggest ways for facilitating or developing

Korean language learners interactional competence, which is a current topic of intense research

efforts in applied linguistics (Gardner and Forrester 2010, Hellermann and Pekarek-Doehler

2011, Young 2009).

Publications

2015 Stancetaking in the face of incongruity in Korean conversation. Journal of Pragmatics

83, 57-72.

2015 A distinct declarative question design in Korean conversation: An examination of turn-

final ko questions. Journal of Pragmatics 79, 60-78.

2014 Initiating repair with and without particles: Alternative formats of other-initiated of repair

in Korean conversation. Research on Language and Social Interaction 47(4), 331-352.

(With Kim, H. S.)

2014 Reported thought as a stance-taking device in Korean conversation. Discourse Processes

51(3), 230263.

2013 Answering questions about the unquestionable in Korean conversation. Journal of

Pragmatics 57, 138157.

32. Korean Heritage Language Learners

Hi-Sun Kim (Harvard)

This chapter will examine and review the research studies in the past decade on language

acquisition and processing of heritage learners along with empirical studies on Korean heritage

learners. Based on some of the recent theoretical discussions regarding heritage language

acquisition and linguistics, this study will address specific linguistic issues that are unique to

Korean heritage learners (through comparison of heritage learners of other languages) to find a

prototype or prototypes of Korean heritage language learners interlanguage. Finally, I would

like to discuss and compare the current 5Cs of the National Standards for Korean Language

Learning to provide pedagogical implications in developing heritage language learner curriculum

in the college level.

Publications

2016 In press. Attention, apperception, and illusion in Korean language pedagogy.

International Journal of Korean Language Education 2 (1), 1-22.

2013 Globalization and process of transformation in language of Korean students in America.

S. Sohn, S. Cho, & S-H. You (Eds). Studies in Korean Linguistics and Language

Pedagogy: Festschrift for Ho-min Sohn. KLEAR-RILI Studies in Korean Language and

Linguistics: Korea University Press.

2012 Identifying the source of stabilization in Korean heritage learners: A comparative data

analysis of HL learners and bilingual children. A. Byon & D. Pyun (Eds.). Teaching and

Learning Korean as a Foreign Language: A Collection of Empirical Studies. Columbus:

The Ohio State University Foreign Language Publications.

2008 Heritage and non-heritage language learners of Korean: Sentence processing differences

and its pedagogical implications. K. Kondo-Brown & J.D. Brown (Eds.). Teaching

heritage students in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean: Curriculum, needs, materials, and

assessment. (ESL & Applied Linguistics Professional series.) New York: Lawrence

Erlbaum Associates/ Taylor & Francis, pp. 99-134.

2004 A pilot test on processing transfer and strategies of heritage and non-heritage learners of

Korean. In H.Y. Kim (Ed.), The Korean language in America 9 (pp.225-243). Raleigh,

NC: The American Association of Teachers of Korean.

33. Comprehension of Korean idioms as a foreign language

Danielle Ooyoung Pyun (OSU)

Idioms are phrases or sentences whose meaning cannot always be derived from the literal meaning

of their constituents (e.g., kick the bucket, pull someones leg). Idioms are often linked to cultural

practices and traditions of the speakers and thus present a special learning challenge to L2

(second/foreign) language learners. This study investigates the influence of literality (i.e., the

literal meaning of the idiom) and predictability (i.e. to what extent the literal meaning of the idiom

contributes to predict its figurative meaning) on the comprehension of Korean idioms as a

second/foreign language. Previous studies have hypothesized a couple of models to explain the

processing of idioms, one of which is the degree of decomposability. A decomposable idiom is an

idiom whose individual components contribute to its figurative meaning (e.g., hit the jackpot)

(Abel, 2003). A nondecomposable idiom is the one whose literal meaning has little relation to its

figurative meaning (e.g., kick the bucket). According to Gibbs, Nayak and Cutting (1989),

decomposability is a significant factor that influences the level of idiom comprehension or

representation. Previous findings on idiom comprehension were mostly based on L1 research and

few studies have been conducted in the context of L2 acquisition. Furthermore, studies discussing

the comprehension of Korean idioms as a second/foreign language have been scarce. The present

study first examines models or hypotheses that conceptualize the processing and comprehension

of idioms or figurative expressions. Next, this study investigates the influence of literality and

predictability on the comprehension of Korean idioms based on the data collected from learners of

Korean as a second/foreign language.

Publications

2014 Impact of affective variables on Korean as a foreign language learners oral

achievement. System, 47, 53-63. (With J. S. Kim, H. Y. Cho, and J. H. Lee)

2013 Attitudes toward task-based language learning: A study of college Korean

learners. Foreign Language Annals, 46(1), 108-121.

2012 The effects of sentence writing on second language French and Korean lexical

retention. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 68(2),164-189. (With Wynne Wong)

2011 Reducing Korean heritage-learners orthographic errors: The contribution of on-line and

in-class dictation and form-focused instruction. Language, Culture and

Curriculum, 24(2), 141-158. (With Angela Lee-Smith)

2009 Colloquial Korean: The Complete Course for Beginners. London and New York:

Routledge. (With Inseok Kim)

34. The Language Policy and Its Effect in Korea Hyun Sik Min (SNU)

Short description:

Established in 1948, the South Korean government reviewed four key linguistic regulations and

decided to reuse The Draft for Unified Spelling System of Korean (1933) and the Standard

Korean Vocabulary (1936), which were developed by the Joseon Language Society under

Japanese colonial rule. The regulations on Loanword Orthography and Korean Romanization,

however, were newly established in 1958 and 1959, respectively.

Full-fledged revision of national linguistic regulations began in 1970. With the 1988 Seoul

Olympics a few years ahead, the Research Institute of the Korean Language was launched in

1984 and worked on amending rules on Loanword Orthography (1986) and Korean

Romanization (1984, 2000). The institute also set out regulations on the Korean Spelling

System (1988) and Standard Korean Vocabulary (1988).

The Korean language curriculum in South Koreawith a focus on literature, grammar and

readinghas contributed to national development by promoting national identity, morality and

general culture. The character revolution of Sejong the Great who created the easy-to-learn

Hangeul, the Hangeul-only stylistic revolution led by Christian reformers, and the continued

endeavors of Sigyeong Ju and members of the Joseon Language Societyeven under Imperial

Japans policy of obliterating national languages in its coloniesto formulate a series of

language standards and compile dictionaries laid a solid foundation for the development of

Korean language education in South Korea. Since its establishment, the South Korean

government has consistently pursued the policy of using Hangeul alone in public documentation.

Especially with the computer word processor revolution in the 1990s, the Hangeul style has

taken deep root, contributing significantly to national communication and development.

Publications

1999 The Korean Orthography, Thaehaksa Publishing.

1999 The Study of Korean grammar, Yeoklak Publishing.

2008 A Study of the Korean version of 'Ieon'(), Seoul National University Press.

2010 A Study of an Attitude survey on Korean Language Learners in the United States, Journal

of the International Network for Korean Language and Culture.

2015 Meta-Analysis for current issues and development of Journal of Korean Language

Education, Journal of Korean Language Education, Vol.26-4.