Part 1 Section 1.3

• W e s t e r n A u s t r a l i a n P l a n n i n g C o m m i s s i o n •

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Section one - Regional strategy

1.3 Coastal tourismframework

1.3.1 IntroductionThe environmental impacts of tourism areevident on the Ningaloo coast. Thisassessment of existing and potential tourismnodes along the coast responds to theincreased visitors to the area by providing aframework for sustainable tourismmanagement and growth.

Although this strategy covers a larger studyarea, the current pressures on the Ningaloocoast have led to the immediate considerationof the coastal environment. It should thereforebe noted that detailed assessment ofsustainable tourism use has not generallybeen undertaken for inland locations withinthe study area.

In order to provide recommendations forfuture sustainable tourism use, a broadassessment of specified locations on theNingaloo coast has been undertaken. Most ofthe locations have a history of tourism use.The findings of this assessment are the basisfor recommendations as to the level ofappropriate tourism in specified locations onthe Ningaloo coast (refer to figure 5).

The recommended level of tourism use fallswithin a hierarchy of categories, which wasdeveloped from those detailed in Futuredirections: sustainable tourism and land usescenarios for the Carnarvon-Ningaloo coast(Future directions) and the draft Carnarvon-Ningaloo coast regional strategy. The termsused have changed to better reflect thecharacter of the Ningaloo coast. Two newtypes of tourism node have been added,ecolodge and homestead tourism.

It should be noted that no new tourismdevelopment shall be considered outside ofCarnarvon, Exmouth and Coral Bay until landvesting and management in relation to thepastoral coastal exclusion process has beenagreed (this is being undertaken through aseparate process) and an implementationstrategy will further consider the issues relatedto the staging of tourism opportunities alongthe Ningaloo coast.

Planning objective

Develop a Coastal tourism framework forthe Ningaloo coast, which considersenvironmental and other relevant factors, inorder to facilitate planned sustainabletourism along the Ningaloo coast.

1.3.2 Coastal tourism node definitionsCoastal tourism nodes have been identifiedalong the Ningaloo coast. These are based onhistorical use patterns, acknowledgement ofincreasing tourism demand, Future directionsscenarios and feedback from communityconsultation on these scenarios.

The categories of coastal tourism nodes aretourism, minor tourism, ecolodge, homesteadtourism, coastal camping, dispersed campingand day use site. Sites within Cape RangeNational Park are acknowledged, although notassessed as part of this process. The differenttypes of coastal tourism node are definedbelow.

Tourism node

Service and supply centres catering for up to500 overnight visitors. These nodes provide arange of visitor services and amenities such asaccommodation, ecolodge/camps, caravanbays, camping sites, utilities, limited food andgrocery facilities and perhaps fuel.

Minor tourism node

Tourism centres catering for up to 200overnight visitors. These sites generallyprovide camping and may include somecovered accommodation such as ecolodgeswith a local focus. Provision of supplies andservices is limited.

Ecolodge node

Sites potentially suited to ecotourismaccommodation, catering for visitor numbersto a maximum of 100 depending on thedesign. Ecolodge style proposals also may beconsidered in tourism, minor tourism orcamping nodes, as well as the specificecolodge nodes identified in this strategy.

Ecolodge is a generic term used in thisdocument to denote accommodation thatmeets the philosophy and principles ofecotourism. It includes tourist accommodationthat requires special care in design,construction and operation so as not todestroy the very resources or qualities thatvisitors come to experience. An ecolodgeshould subtly fit in with the landscape, utilisesustainable power, be low energyincorporating solar passive design, minimalwater use, ecologically sensitive wastedisposal and recyclable processing of all wastewith no resultant pollution. As with allecotourism proposals, environmentaleducation as well as utilisation of local culture,services, products and communities areimportant as is the actual operation of thefacility. Information on these aspects must beincluded within any proposal.

Homestead tourism node

Tourist accommodation which utilisesland/buildings currently or previously used forthe accommodation of pastoral stationlessees/staff. The size of the node isdependent upon the approval of a structureplan, which considers all policies of thePlanning and environmental guidelines for

sustainable tourism on the Ningaloo coast anda local impact assessment, however overnightaccommodation capacity would be in thevicinity of 50 people.

Coastal camping node

Areas with four or more established campingsites providing a range of campingopportunities, including single or group sitesappropriate to a defined level of management,experiential setting and ability of the site tosustain use. Development of camping sitesgenerally requires minimal built infrastructureapart from access, pedestrian paths, toiletsand information structures. Coastal campingnodes may include ecocamp-styleaccommodation in association withcommercial operations.

Dispersed camp site

Single or small clusters of separated sites thatappeal to visitors seeking solitude, remoteactivities, few if any support facilities andrelatively low levels of management presence.Dozens of dispersed camp sites of varioussizes and configurations currently are locatedalong the Ningaloo coast. Individual sitesoften are favoured by a small number ofvisitors with a specific or seasonal activityfocus, such as fishing. Few dispersed sites aremonitored or visited by management staff ona regular basis resulting in variable, butpotentially severe levels of site modification.Some established dispersed sites aresustainable while others are not.

Dispersed sites may be appropriate in bothcoastal sectors, remote, semi-remote, but aswith all visitor sites on the coast, dispersedcamping will require a significant level of siteplanning and ongoing management. Alldispersed sites must be defined, monitoredand managed.

Identification and suitability assessment ofexisting and potential dispersed camp sitesare not included in this strategy. The detailed

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level of site planning is assessed moreappropriately in a coastal management plan.

A significant amount of camping currentlyoccurs on the beach that often impacts uponthe primary dune system and associatedvegetation. Most beach camping occurs withinthe boundary of the Ningaloo Marine Park.Roads and camping sites have disturbednatural dunes and vegetation but, to date,there are no known studies to establish orassess the significance of the changes to thelocal ecology of this use.

Beach camping has become a popular activityfor many long-term visitors to the Ningaloocoast who have become culturally andemotionally attached to this practice. Anychange would be contentious andunwelcomed by current users and requireappropriate research and education to supportany proposed changes in camping behaviour.While beach camping is very popular, siteconditions generally do not meet developmentsuitability criteria and therefore no coastalcamping nodes have been recommended forbeach locations.

It is noted however, that dispersed campingon beach locations may be environmentallyacceptable in some locations and this will befurther investigated through the preparation ofdetailed management plans for coastal areas.Changing use patterns and establishment ofany restrictions will require further study andconsultation with government agencies, usergroups and other interested individuals and aphased approach should be considered inconjunction with an appropriate educationprogram.

Day use site

These sites are generally associated with afeature, activity or interpretation focus, suitedto short stays. The area is designated andmanaged to provide visitor amenities for dayuse only. It may include parking facilities,shade shelters, barbecues, toilets and picnicareas but does not cater for, or permit,overnight stays.

Cape Range National Park sites

The coordinated planning of tourism withinCape Range National Park is administeredthrough a management plan, prepared by theDepartment of Conservation and LandManagement on behalf of the ConservationCommission of Western Australia. For thisreason, nodes, coastal and dispersed campingsites in the national park are not described inthe assessment. The exception to this is theidentification of one potential ecolodge sitewithin the national park.

1.3.3 Coastal sectorsTo ensure the continued provision of a varietyof experiences along the Ningaloo coast twocoastal sectors have been identified on theCoastal tourism framework map. These reflectthe preference for nature-based tourism alongthe Ningaloo coast. These are describedbelow:

Remote

Landscapes within this class are largelyunmodified or undeveloped and display a highdegree of naturalness and exhibit naturalqualities with negligible evidence of humanactivity, formed access, unnatural visualimpacts, or noise. Change due to human useis not evident. This is shown in green on theRegional land use plan (figure 4) and theCoastal tourism framework (figure 5).

Semi-remote

Landscapes within this class arepredominantly unmodified but may containsome minor evidence of human activity, noiseand development, including roads andwalking tracks. Change due to human use is

evident, but subordinate to the naturallyestablished landscape. This is shown in orangeon the Regional land use plan (figure 4) andthe Coastal tourism framework (figure 5).

1.3.4 How the Coastal tourism framework was developedThe recommendations for the Coastal tourismframework are based on the following.

• The information contained in the siteinventory of the Ningaloo coast.

• Detailed field assessments undertakenby relevant government agencies(including the Department for Planningand Infrastructure, local government,Department of Conservation and LandManagement, Department of Fisheriesand Tourism Western Australia) toassess the qualities of each site basedon a set of selection criteria.

• Consideration of environmentalcharacteristics of each identified site.

• Recognition of current tourismactivities.

• A review of previous studies.

• Public consultation through the releaseof Future directions and the draftCarnarvon-Ningaloo coast regionalstrategy.

• The consideration of the steeringcommittee for the Ningaloo coastregional strategy Carnarvon to Exmouthpresented to the Western AustralianPlanning Commission for endorsement.

The detailed assessment of each site withinthe Coastal tourism framework has beenpresented under the following headings.

Description

This provides a general description of theidentified node, including its location andvisual appearance. The location of the node isshown through the delineation of a tourisminvestigation envelope, which visually definesthe node area through the use of aerialphotography.

Environmentalcharacteristics

This is a concise summary of theenvironmental characteristics of eachidentified area including recognition ofwhether the coastal sector is remote or semi-remote. It is based upon fieldwork andprevious studies including environmentalsensitivity as determined by the Gascoynecoast regional strategy. Environmentalsensitivity is classified as highly sensitivemarine, highly sensitive, moderately sensitiveand least sensitive. Details such as landform,vegetation, adjacent marine habitat,information on Aboriginal heritage sites,pastoral use and description of known tourismactivities are included here.

Assessment

A set of selection criteria was used as the basefor the assessment of each site within theCoastal tourism framework. The criteriaensure the protection of importantenvironmental and cultural values andsustainability of ecosystems. The assessmentthen forms the basis for the recommendationfor the desired level of tourism developmentfor the site.

Five selection criteria were considered inorder to provide a basis for therecommendations.

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• Size

A land area of sufficient scale andconfiguration to accommodate thedesignated level of sustainable tourism.

Range: limited - adequate - expansive.

• Environmental stability

Soils, biological composition, visuallandscape and ecological land systemslikely to be stable and sustain changewithout unacceptable loss of value.

Range: sensitive - acceptable - stable.

• Attractions and features

A land area with an attractive appealdue to the presence of a number ofspecial sites or attractions of biological,social, cultural, visual or historicalsignificance.

Range: few - numerous.

• Distinctiveness

Sites of particular uniqueness due tonatural elements, proximity to featuresof note, historical land uses, landscapecharacteristics or particular attractions.

Range: low - moderate - exceptional.

• Future options/expansion potential(desirable but not essential)

Sites with suitability for expansion orupgrading, possibly from minor tourismto tourism node designation.

Range: limited - moderate - exceptional.

Additional comment

In some instances an additional comment isoffered after the recommendation. Thisinformation should be considered in anyfuture planning for the site.

1.3.5 Tourism investigationenvelopesTourism investigation envelopes have beenidentified for each of the coastal tourismnodes. The tourism investigation envelope is abroad-scale area of land potentially suited tothe development of visitor/tourist facilities andservices. The aerial photograph geographicallydepicts each area recommended in theCoastal tourism framework.

While the entire area within the tourisminvestigation envelope is potentially suited fordevelopment, the scale of development mustbe consistent with the level of tourismrecommended for the node. Generally, largeareas have been included within theenvelopes to allow for innovative designoptions and to minimise the need to expandor alter the envelopes to accommodate avariety of tourism facilities.

Nodes may also have a tourism focus area,which delineates the most appropriatebuilding area within the envelope based onthis assessment. This area is indicative onlyand should be subject to further detailedassessment as part of any proposal fortourism use.

Nodes may also have a recommended day useprecinct identified. This generallyacknowledges an attractive natural feature ofthe node and the desire to separate day useand overnight tourism uses, as well asdiscouraging hard infrastructure developmentin areas of high environmental sensitivity.

All tourism land use proposals must complywith the requirements of the Planning andenvironmental guidelines for sustainabletourism on the Ningaloo coast without theneed to alter the recommended envelope.

Additional factors, that may ultimatelyinfluence whether a tourism investigationenvelope is developed or not, such as


community attitudes and economic viability,have not been included in the following nodeassessments and recommendations. Thesetypes of factors will be dealt with at moredetailed site planning and assessment, asoutlined in the Implementation of the Coastaltourism framework.

1.3.6 Overview of Coastal tourismframeworkrecommendationsThe recommended level of tourism along theNingaloo coast is summarised below. Pleasenote that sites are listed from south to northin each category. This list should be read inconjunction with figure 5, Coastal tourismframework.

Tourism nodesBlowholes

Quobba

Gnaraloo

Ningaloo Beach

Yardie Caravan Park

Vlamingh Head

It should be noted that the Blowholes, YardieCaravan Park and Vlamingh Head (whichincludes Lighthouse Caravan Park) are alreadysubstantially developed and currently cater fortourist accommodation numbers of the orderrecommended in a tourism node. Quobba andGnaraloo homesteads presently offer stationstay tourist accommodation while no tourismactivity occurs at Ningaloo Beach.

Minor tourism nodesRed Bluff Camp

Three Mile Camp

Bruboodjoo

Warroora Minor Tourism Node

It should be noted that Red Bluff Camp andThree Mile Camp currently offer overnightaccommodation nearing the 200 limit for aminor tourism node, however Bruboodjoopresently has no infrastructure and is used forcoastal camping so has not reached the minortourism potential recommended.

Ecolodge nodesGnaraloo Bay

Elles Camp

Winderabandi

Cape Range National Park Ecolodge

It should be noted that there are presently noecolodges along the Ningaloo coast. A smallecocamp operates in the Cape Range NationalPark at Reef Retreat. Elles Camp andWinderabandi currently cater for overnightaccommodation in the form of coastalcamping however no camping is permitted ateither Gnaraloo Bay or Mandu Mandu GorgeNorth at present.

Homestead tourism nodesWarroora Homestead

Giralia Homestead

It should be noted that the listed homesteadspresently offer station stay touristaccommodation.

Coastal camping nodes The Lagoon

Horse Paddock

Stevens Camp50


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Maggies

Fourteen Mile Camp

Jane Bay Camp

Lefroy Bay

Doddy’s Camp

Cape Range National Park - coastal campingnodes are not shown on the Coastal tourismframework map and were not assessed aspart of this process, however include:

Boat Harbour, One K Camp, YardieCreek, Osprey/Bungarra, Pilgramunna,Kurrajong, South Mandu Camping Area(Reef Retreat Ecocamp), North Mandu,Tulki Beach, Lakeside, Mesa, T-Bone andNeds (see note 1).

It should be noted that all listed coastalcamping nodes have a history of camping use.It is recognised that camping has occurredboth in the Ningaloo Marine Park and onpastoral leases in the nodes outside CapeRange National Park, although the differentpastoral lessees have managed this in variousways. Increasing numbers of campers havecontributed to environmental degradation onthe Ningaloo coast. This will require animproved management regime that mayinclude relocation of camping activities.

Dispersed camp sites

Many visitors to the Ningaloo coast presentlyseek this style of camping which is made upof isolated single or small clusters ofseparated camp sites. This style of campingappeals to visitors seeking solitude andremote activities in an environment withminimal supporting infrastructure andservices that has low levels of managementpresence. Although dozens of dispersed campsites of varying size and configuration occuralong the Ningaloo coast, these are not shownon the Coastal tourism framework map.

Management of camping is however a veryimportant element for future planning of theNingaloo coast.

Day use sitesMiaboolya Beach

The Blowholes

Cape Cuvier lookout

Seventeen Mile

Gnaraloo Bay boat launch

Mauds Landing

Lagoon/Dog Rock

Point Billie

Learmonth Jetty

Bay of Rest

Cape Range National Park - day use sites arenot shown on the Coastal tourism frameworkmap and were not assessed as part of thisprocess, however are listed here forinformation purposes.

Yardie Creek, Sandy Bay, Pilgramunna,Bloodwood Creek, Mandu GorgeWalktrack, North and South Mandu,Oyster Stacks, Turquoise Bay, TulkiBeach, Trealla Beach, Varanus Beach,Milyering Visitor Centre, Lakeside,Neds/Mesa, Mangrove Bay (see note 1)

It should be noted that only significant dayuse sites have been listed here. It isacknowledged that many other sites along theNingaloo coast are for day use purposes.

The recommended day use of Seventeen Mileand Point Billie are discussed in theAssessment and recommendations ofidentified Coastal tourism framework nodes.The other sites listed will be assessed in detailas part of the implementation of the strategy.

Note 1

Cape Range National Park existing coastal campingnodes and existing day use sites, provided courtesy ofthe Department of Conservation and LandManagement, are listed for information purposes only.These sites are under a separate review process. Thefinal outcome of the management plan review willsupersede information on Cape Range National Parksites detailed in this document.

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1.3.7 Assessment andrecommendations of identified Coastaltourism frameworknodes

Recommended Tourism nodesBlowholes

Description

The Blowholes is already substantiallydeveloped and currently caters for touristaccommodation numbers of the orderrecommended in a tourism node. It is a well-established coastal area of appeal to residentsof Carnarvon and visitors alike. Shacks andusage patterns developed over many years arethe subject of current discussion, andredevelopment planning initiatives andconcept development proposals.

Environmental characteristics

The settlement is located along a dune coastin a semi-remote setting. The tourisminvestigation envelope, the foreshore anddune system are located in highly sensitiveenvironments. The land potentially suited todevelopment is limited to a narrow coastalplain between the beach strand and inlanddunes and a few inter-dunal swales. The areaextends from Blowholes Road in the north toBlack Rock in the south. The naturallyestablished coastal vegetation association isaltered significantly due to human activitiesand heavy impacts associated with shack use,introduction of weeds, boat launching,utilities, pedestrian and vehicular activities.The node is in an area of beach and dunesands overlaying limestone and calcarenitewith low vegetation.


The marine environment is highly sensitiveand has been identified previously as an areaunder consideration as a possible futureaddition to the marine protection system.There are no significant marine habitats ormarine animal habitats in the adjacent waters.The beach area is dynamic (erosion andaccretion) and there are sensitive reef areasaround Point Quobba that are protected aspart of a Marine Sanctuary Zone and proposedfish habitat protection area. An over-the-beachboat ramp is heavily used. Shacks are stillutilised.

The node and surrounds are reserved as parksand recreation under Shire of Carnarvon Townplanning scheme 11 (Shire of Carnarvon TPS 11).There are no identified Aboriginal heritagesites in the vicinity.

The tourism investigation envelope in thisdocument is compatible with the work beingundertaken on a Blowholes coastal parkconcept plan which was prepared by theBlowholes Protection Association (BPA), butdoes not reflect coastal setback or surgedesignations. Although the tourisminvestigation envelope is shown, furtherresearch as detailed in the additionalcomments may require amendments to theenvelope especially in relation to state coastalsetback requirements.

Assessment

Size: adequate.

Environmental stability: acceptable.

Attractions and features: numerous.

Distinctiveness: exceptional.

Future options/expansion potential:limited.

Recommendation: Tourism node

The area is suited to a range of visitorfacilities and services that are compatiblewith a tourism node scale of development.Proposals may cater for the inclusion of

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structure at the Blowholes, has been identifiedfor its potential retention for heritagepurposes and restoration for public use/access.The remaining shacks are to be removed inaccordance with the requirements of the LandAdministration Act 1997 by 27 March 2008.

The Blowholes Protection Association alsoacknowledge the staging of replacementshacks would facilitate best practice in designof the node as well as minimise the ecologicalfootprint of new development. Monitoring andauditing of any proposed staged developmentshould occur as part of ongoing managementand will provide opportunities to learn throughexperience.

The concept plan preparedby the BlowholesProtection Association isconsidered to be a suitablestarting point for thedetailed site planning atthe Blowholes. Furtherplanning and consultationis required, and shouldaddress the followingissues:

• all development, construction and use shall comply with the

Planning and environmental guidelinesfor sustainable tourism on the Ningaloocoast and the intent of the Ningaloocoast regional strategy Carnarvon toExmouth;

• preparation of a foreshore managementplan;

• continued use of the northern section ofthe Blowholes for day use activities;

• realignment of the existing road nearPoint Quobba (as it is considered to bea safety issue due to its close proximityto the coast) to the west of the wastetransfer site and other infrastructure toallow continued access to the nodewhilst minimising impact ontopography. Further investigation as tothe most appropriate alignment shouldconsider an existing unused track in thisvicinity;

chalets, a caravan park, campground,manager/ranger residences, visitorinformation centre, general store/kiosk, boatlaunch, day use sites and a pedestrian pathnetwork.

Blowholes is not suited to permanentresidential occupancy and should only bedeveloped for temporary visitor/touristaccommodation.

Further assessment of storm surge andcoastal setbacks is required prior to a nodemasterplan and site development plan forthe Blowholes being finalised.

Additionalcomment

The Blowholes tourismnode will continue to bean attractive destinationfor tourists and visitorsseeking to experience thenatural features of theNingaloo coast boththrough day visitation andappropriate facilities tocater for up to 500overnight visitors throughplanned chalet development (including theremoval of existing squatter shacks) andimproved camping and caravanning facilities.

Further surveys, consultation and research todetermine the appropriate coastal setbackdistance for any future development at theBlowholes is required prior to detailed site orarchitectural design. This shall be guided byState coastal planning statement of planningpolicy 2.6.

Consultation with the Blowholes ProtectionAssociation, which represents approximatelyhalf of the shack owners, has demonstratedthe need for the preparation of a managementplan for the removal of shacks and shouldinclude appropriate vehicle and walkwaydefinition/fencing and rehabilitation ofbuilding envelopes as part of the phasedremoval of the shacks. The old post officeshack, believed to be the oldest remaining


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• all structures, including overnightaccommodation (apart from campingand caravanning) shall be category fivecyclone compliant as per relevantrequirements, including the BuildingCode of Australia;

• the parking area west of the existingshack area be utilised for day useparking;

• existing informal beach boat launchoperation be permitted to continue tobe freely accessible to the generalpublic, along with a duty of care to theuser for any damage or injury, howevershall not be upgraded from its presentsemi-natural condition;

• no vehicles will bepermitted to park ordrive on the beach,except thoseengaged in boatlaunching/retrieval;

• due to the sensitiveenvironment andminimal coastalsetback of the node,a service station orany

commercial/industrial use that mayimpact upon the coastal or marineenvironment will not be permitted atthe Blowholes;

• in keeping with the recommendationsof the Ningaloo coast regional strategyCarnarvon to Exmouth, the Blowholestourism node shall be developed fortourism purposes only with no provisionfor permanent residentialaccommodation;

• no subdivision or provision of freeholdland shall be permitted in the Blowholestourism node;

• all higher order and higher impactinfrastructure, tourism and otherdevelopments should occur in eitherCarnarvon or Exmouth; and

• a maximum of forty, 2-4 personcapacity chalets shall be permitted inthe area identified within the tourisminvestigation envelope.

It is acknowledged that the existing site wouldbe the most appropriate location forredevelopment due to the considerablemodification of the site by humandevelopment, however this is onlyrecommended if the coastal setbackrequirements can be resolved through soundscientific analysis.

The Shire of Carnarvon has received fundingto investigate renewable power sources for theBlowholes. The results of the research should

be utilised in any futureplanning for the site andmade available to theNingaloo SustainableDevelopment Office andBlowholes ProtectionAssociation.

All Blowholes stakeholdersshould explore otherfunding options formanagement such asEnvirofund andCoastWest.

A survey of existing registered shack owners isrequired to determine how many of the 42registered owners want to retain an interest inthe staged redevelopment of the Blowholes.This may include what financial contributionshack owners are willing to make and detailfor a business plan to facilitate theredevelopment of the site. The NingalooSustainable Development Office shouldcoordinate this research in partnership withthe Shire of Carnarvon.

Details of funds relating to the Blowholes,including the collection of rates, camping feesand budgets, should be confirmed. Campingand other fees collected from the users of theBlowholes should be reinvested into theenvironmental management and servicing ofthe site including identification of suitablecoastal and dispersed campsites.

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Quobba

Description

The tourism investigation envelope includesan area of diverse stable landform offeringsettings suited to a range of tourist/visitoraccommodation, services and facilities.Quobba Homestead currently offers stationstay tourist accommodation. Within thehomestead area pastoral infrastructure such asroads, tracks, buildings, an airstrip and tanksare visually dominant, but do not detract fromthe naturalness of the envelope.


The node is located on acliff coast in a semi-remote setting. The areaalong the foreshore anddune system has highenvironmental sensitivityand the entire envelope islocated within this area.The vegetationcomposition is common tograzed coastal landscapes- sparse, but with somelocalised interest indensity, composition, height and pattern. Thevegetation is described as pindan with lowtrees, with sparse shrub steppe further east.The adjacent marine environment is highlysensitive and is under consideration forinclusion into Ningaloo Marine Park.

The area surrounding the existing homesteadis included in the proposed pastoral leaseexclusion process, however the homesteaditself is not. There is an Aboriginal heritagesite to the north-east of the homestead. Thereis a petroleum tenement application pendingover the entire node.

The established visitor facilities, includingcamping and bunkhouse-styleaccommodation, are located adjacent to thehomestead in a wind-sheltered location. Anextensive area north of the homestead,including the airstrip precinct, pocket beaches

and an inland valley with windmill east of theroad, is included in the envelope. Specialattractions nearby include the HMAS Sydneymemorial and extensive stretches of ruggedcoastline north and south of the station.

The area south of the homestead offerssignificant opportunities for a range ofaccommodation types, with excellent viewpotential, proximity to a rugged cliff coastlineand a west-facing sandy beach. Topographyand vegetation may help visually separate thehomestead complex from the southern part ofthe envelope. The existing coastal roadprovides convenient access to all sections ofthe envelope, but also could reduce the senseof remoteness required by some development.

Assessment

Size: adequate.

Environmental stability: stable.


Distinctiveness:moderate.

Future options/expansion potential: moderate.


Quobba is suited ideally to development ofvisitor accommodation, services andfacilities that are compatible with criteriadeveloped for a tourism node.


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Gnaraloo

Description

The tourism investigation envelope includes aland area of suitability, environmentaldiversity, visual distinction andtourism/recreation opportunity. GnarlooHomestead is located at a key central elevatedpoint offering exceptional views along thecoastline and presently offers station staytourist accommodation. The tourisminvestigation envelope is separated from thecoast by a significant mobile dune range, buthas extraordinary appeal due to its elevatedposition, view potential, remoteness andcharacter. The inter-dunalplain is an extensive areaof stable, gently rollinglandform sheltered fromprevailing winds, currentlyused for utilities.Pedestrian access to thebeach from a terminus carpark behind the duneridge is possible.


The area is in the vicinity of a dune andcuspate spit coast in a semi-remote setting.There is high environmental sensitivity in theimmediate vicinity and over most of thetourism investigation envelope. The area eastof Gnaraloo Road is moderately sensitive.Vegetation patterns range from low grasses tosparse areas of remnant native species andpockets of significant coastal vegetation.Vegetation of pindan with low trees dominatesthe area. There are varied marine habitats inthe waters adjacent to the node with shorelinereef along most of the coast, intertidal coralreefs, subtidal coral reefs and low-reliefsubtidal reef. This section currently is not partof the marine park, however it is underconsideration for inclusion.

The homestead is surrounded by land affectedby the proposed pastoral lease exclusionprocess. It also is located in close proximity toa significant Aboriginal heritage site.

The homestead, shearing shed, bunkhouseand a number of partially built cabins arelocated in prominent locations on a wind-exposed landform that drops steeply to anenclosed valley to the west and gently slopingterrain to the north. Paddocks, fences, tracksand the impact of grazing are visuallydominant evidence of ongoing pastoralactivities within the tourism investigationenvelope. Established visitor facilities arelimited to three cabins and bunkhouseaccommodation in association with the

homestead complex.Areas particularly suited tovisitor services andfacilities are located alongthe rim of the cliff area.

Assessment

Size: expansive.




Future options/expansion potential:exceptional.


Gnaraloo and environs is suitable for atourism node due to the scale andconfiguration of land available, majesticviews, and established access andinfrastructure. Other benefits includeproximity to an airstrip, Gnaraloo Bay,remote coastline (potentially roadless) tothe north, Three Mile Camp andextraordinary surf breaks, pocket beachesand rocky coastal features.


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Ningaloo Beach

Description

The tourism investigation envelope includes alarge area of land immediately to the north ofNingaloo Homestead with excellent potentialfor development of visitor/tourist facilities andservices. The envelope is well suited as atourism node due to topographical diversity,soil suitability, protection from prevailingsouth-westerly winds, view potential andsense of enclosure. No tourism activitycurrently occurs at Ningaloo Beach and noaccommodation or visitor services currentlyare available at Ningaloo Homestead, althoughthere is power and waterinfrastructure which maypotentially be used toservice the node.


The envelope is located ona dune and cuspate spitcoast in a semi-remotesetting. The entireenvelope is within an areahighly sensitive to environmental changes.The vegetation composition across theenvelope generally is uniform in appearancewith species/textures common to grazedcoastal landscapes. Some areas of diversityand visual interest occur, particularly inmargins around paddocks and in the dunes.The Beard’s vegetation association of thesurrounds is pindan with low trees. Thewaters adjacent to the node are highlysensitive and within the Ningaloo MarinePark. The various marine habitats includesand, subtidal reef (low-relief – lagoon),macroalgae (limestone reef), coral reef(subtidal) and coral reef (intertidal). The nodemay offer views of dugongs and whalemigration.

The node is affected by the proposed pastorallease exclusion process. There is an Aboriginalheritage site to the north east of the node.


Areas most suited to the development ofinfrastructure and covered accommodationare located north of Ningaloo Homestead, aswell as in an open valley to the east, belowthe lighthouse. The low but stabilised dunerange may be suited to low-impact campingand covered accommodation but wouldrequire very careful assessment of siteconditions and suitability prior todevelopment.

Topography across the tourism investigationenvelope is diverse due to extraordinary duneformations of varying age, suitability, heightand cover. Nearby features and attractionsinclude a lighthouse of heritage interest, PointCloates, Jane Bay, Marine Sanctuary Zones,

beaches and remotecoastlines to the northand south. A type 3gravel, all-weather roadprovides access to thehomestead for all vehicletypes. Beach access islimited to a minor tracknear the homestead andthe major access point atthe shearing shed.

AssessmentSize: expansive.






Ningaloo Beach is excellently suited todevelopment of visitor/touristaccommodation, services and facilities. Anestablished high-standard road offers access toa section of coastline with diverse attractions.A large, attractive area of land in the vicinityof the beach is suited to development.

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Yardie Caravan Park

Description

Yardie Caravan Park is already substantiallydeveloped and currently caters for touristaccommodation numbers of the orderrecommended in a tourism node. The caravanpark is located on the site of the originalYardie Homestead. The tourism investigationenvelope around the caravan park is large andincludes coastal plain and low foothilllandforms. Rising topography to the east ofthe homestead offers some visual relief andexcellent view potential for creatively locatedand designed accommodation. An area ofexceptional vegetationdensity and diversity existsadjacent to a disturbed sitesouth of the homesteadthat could potentially suitexpansion of camping orcovered accommodation.


The node is in a semi-remote setting. Most of theenvelope, which encompasses the existingdevelopment, is located in an area ofmoderate environmental sensitivity. Thedunes, foreshore and the watercourses thatrun down the range have high environmentalsensitivity. Natural vegetation cover isgenerally uniform consisting of low coastalspecies with pockets of vegetation ofdistinctive height, composition, pattern orvisual interest. Introduced vegetation aroundthe homestead is well established and may beseen as an oasis from the coastal road.

The marine environment also is highlysensitive and is within the Ningaloo MarinePark. Various marine habitats includeshoreline reefs, subtidal reef (low-relief –lagoon), sand and coral reefs (subtidal).Dugongs, manta rays, and whale sharks maybe found in the waters adjacent to the node.There also are turtle rookeries along the beachnorth-west of the node, north of Jurabi Point.

The caravan park is reserved as publicpurposes under the Shire of Exmouth TownPlanning Scheme 3, with the surrounding areareserved as parks and recreation. The area isin close proximity to a known Aboriginalheritage site and is affected by a petroleumtenement.

Access to the existing caravan park is by wayof an almost straight road. A poorlymaintained airstrip is nearby. Establishedfacilities include a full range of camping andcabin accommodation and amenities and themain attractions are proximity to the nationalpark, Tantabiddi boat launch and Exmouth.The facilities are particularly popular withfishers. No special features or natural

attractions are known toexist at the caravan park,but walking into the rangemay be of interest. Viewpotential currently isunrealised.

Assessment

Size: expansive.


Attractions andfeatures: few (locally) numerous(nearby).

Distinctiveness: low.



Yardie Caravan Park is ideally located toprovide a full spectrum of visitor/touristfacilities and services at a tourism node levelof development. Expansion capability isexcellent in both the coastal plain and foothillsettings adjacent to established facilities.


Vlamingh Head

Description

Vlamingh Head is already substantiallydeveloped and currently caters for touristaccommodation numbers of the orderrecommended in a tourism node. The tourisminvestigation envelope includes LighthouseCaravan Park. Lighthouse Caravan Park is amajor visitor/tourist focal point on the NorthWest Cape providing a large number andrange of accommodation types, food service,fuel, and information. The setting isdominated by a distinctive landform andhistorically significant lighthouse on VlaminghHead. The lighthouse keeper’s residence is anarchitectural feature of the caravan park.

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Lighthouse Caravan Park is located ideally inclose proximity to the services in Exmouthand many natural features of the cape, thenational park, marine park and adjacentcoastal attractions and beach access points.The Jurabi Turtle Centre is within walkingdistance.

Views to the coast are restricted from most ofthe accommodation sites. Cabins built on aprominent knoll, have excellent views, butalso are highly visible from numerousviewpoints. Defined pedestrian access isprovided from the caravan park to the beachat a marked road crossing point, buttraffic/pedestrian conflict is an issue ofconcern.


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The node is in semi-remote setting. There ishigh environmental sensitivity along thebeach and moderate sensitivity around theexisting development and the tourisminvestigation envelope. The vegetation isdescribed as grass steppe to the west andsaltbush or bluebush with woodland orscattered trees to the east. The marineenvironment is highly sensitive and isincluded within Ningaloo Marine Park. Themarine habitats include shoreline reefs,subtidal and intertidal coral reefs and low-relief coral reefs. Dugongs and manta raysmay be found in these waters.

The existing caravan park is under a freeholdtenure and zoned tourist accommodationunder the Shire of Exmouth Town planningscheme 3 (Shire of Exmouth TPS 3), with aparks and recreation reserve surrounding it.There is an Aboriginal heritage site in thevicinity. A petroleum tenement affects thearea.

The freehold land is intensely developed.Some naturally established vegetation hasbeen retained around the fringes of thedevelopment, but introduced species arepredominant. Limited expansion capabilityexists within the immediate caravan parkfreehold land.

Assessment

Size: limited (freehold).




Future options/expansion potential:exceptional (including unallocatedCrown land).


The Vlamingh Head tourism node provides acomprehensive range of facilities and servicesand is ideally sited to retain its major focusfor tourism. Expansion potential within theestablished development area is limited bylandform and tenure boundaries, but areassuited to recreation and tourism facilities andservices are located to the north and east ofthe Lighthouse Caravan Park.

Additional comment

The Vlamingh Head node was recommendedas being suitable for tourist development tocater for up to 500 overnight visitors in thedraft Carnarvon-Ningaloo coast: Regionalstrategy. Submissions on the draft strategyhave suggested that this node has alreadydeveloped beyond this capacity. It has alsobeen noted that negotiations for a land swapbetween land south of the existing LighthouseCaravan Park and unallocated crown land tothe east of the caravan park has been inprogress for some time. This has raisedconcerns relating to the overnightaccommodation limit for this node.Submissions sought an increase in the amountof people that could be accommodated in thisnode ranging from 1000 to 1400 overnightvisitors.

In the absence of sufficient information todetermine the overall impact of an extensiveincrease in the size of this node, withparticular reference to environmentalsensitivity including significant turtle nestingin the locality, the impact upon the primacy ofExmouth as the centre for major tourismdevelopment and its proximity to Cape RangeNational and Ningaloo Marine Parks, therecommendation for this area be retained as atourism node is supported.

Further review of potential development ofthis node in consultation with affectedstakeholders is required by the NingalooSustainable Development Committee as partof the implementation of the Coastal tourismframework.

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Recommended Minor tourism nodes

Red Bluff Camp

Description

Red Bluff Camp currently offers overnightaccommodation nearing the 200 limit for aminor tourism node. The tourism investigationenvelope is a long, narrow portion of thecoastal plain between the toe of the coastalrange and the beach strand. It includes theaccess track, cabins and camping facilitiesthat currently aremanaged by QuobbaStation staff within aspecial lease area. Thelandform configurationranges from nearly flat tomoderately steeptopography sloping to thesea. The beach strandappears pristine andappealing while the rangeand bluff backdrop is bold,rugged and imposing.


The node is located on a cliff coast in aremote setting. The entire area, including thetourism investigation envelope, has highenvironmental sensitivity. Vegetation is low incharacter comprising predominantly coastalgrasses and heath. There is some visualdiversity in swales, behind the foredune andon the steeply rising cliff faces. Its marineenvironment also is highly sensitive and ispart of the proposed extension to the marinepark. The node may offer views of whalemigration, shoreline reefs and low-reliefsubtidal reefs.

The node is surrounded by land affected bythe pastoral lease exclusion process. Theexisting Red Bluff Camp is zoned as specialuse in the Shire of Carnarvon TPS 11. There isa petroleum tenement application over thearea.


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Established visitor activities/facilities, includingcabins and camping sites, cater primarily forsurfers, windsurfers, fishers and divers. Sitecapacity is limited by topography, fragilemarine features and ability of the main beachaccess point to cope. The access track andparking nodes are well defined. The adjacentrange landscape is distinctive and utilised forclimbing, walking and exploring. A number oftracks are evident.

Expansion capability is limited within thespecial lease area due to restricted suitablelandform. Some congestion currently occursat key activity focal points. Expansion offacilities, including low-key camping andperhaps a small node of cabins or an

ecocamp, is suitableadjacent to the accesstrack to the north of thespecial lease area and in asmall dune swale wherethe track turns to the east.Very careful siteassessment would berequired prior to anydevelopment.

AssessmentSize: limited.





Recommendation: Minor tourism node

Development potential in the Red Bluff area islimited by suitable landform, established userpatterns and location of established facilities.Some expansion may be possible in thenorthern sector. A node masterplan isrequired to consider existing facilities and usepatterns as well as potential for additionalcapacity.

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Three Mile Camp

Description

Three Mile Camp currently offers overnightaccommodation nearing the 200 limit for aminor tourism node. The tourism investigationenvelope includes areas east and south of thecurrent campground, but is restricted in sizedue to proximity to the coast to the west,dune ridges to the north and east and bybroken topography to the south. Theestablished campsites are well located ongently rolling topography and stable soils withtypical coastal vegetation cover, proximity tocoastal features and excellent viewopportunities. Established structures are lowin profile and borrow colour and texture fromlandscape characteristics.

Development potential within the envelope iscompatible with expansion of camping andpotential development of a range ofundercover accommodation types, includingcabins or an ecocamp, that are appropriate toa minor tourism node. A small ridge runningnorth-south through the envelope (includingthe manager's residence) offers excellentcabin potential due to view opportunities andsuitable topography/soils. Exposure to windmay be a limiting factor, but effective choiceof structural design/siting would help lessenthe concern.


Three Mile Camp is located between a duneand cuspate spit coast to the north and a cliffcoast to the south, and in a semi-remotesetting. The environment is described ashighly sensitive along the coast (foreshore anddunes) and within the immediate vicinity ofthe node, then moderately sensitive inland.There is vegetation of pindan with low treesand sparse shrub steppe. The marineenvironment is highly sensitive and is part ofthe proposed extension to the marine park.The marine habitats include shoreline reefs,intertidal and subtidal coral reefs, and subtidalreefs.

Three Mile Camp is surrounded by landaffected by the pastoral lease exclusionprocess. The existing camp is zoned specialuse under the Shire of Carnarvon TPS 11.

The cliffs, rugged coastline and beach to thenorth are notable landscape features ofinterest to visitors. As with all coastal areas inthe study area, dune landforms and allvegetation are fragile and sensitive to humanactivities. Natural shade is rare with no knownareas of special biological or culturalsignificance.

An open paddock with broken topography tothe south and east of the manager’s residenceis suited to development of visitor facilities,but lacks ocean views. Topography, soils andsetting are suitable and could provide a sitefor additional camping and/or development ofcabins or an ecocamp.

Assessment

Size: adequate.



Distinctiveness: moderate.

Future options/expansion potential:moderate.


Three Mile Camp is suited to camping andpossible development of additional visitoraccommodation, services and facilities thatare compatible with criteria developed forminor tourism nodes.

Additional comment

People staying at Three Mile Camp generallyuse the main surf breaks immediately to thesouth. These include Tombstone, Centipede,Dolphins and Turtles. These day use sitesrequire a node masterplan(s) to ensurecontinued use without site degradation.


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Bruboodjoo

Description

Bruboodjoo presently has no infrastructureand is utilised for coastal camping so has notyet reached the minor tourism potentialrecommended. The tourism investigationenvelope includes an area of stable, gentlyundulating terrain to the east of a low,periodically inundated portion of the coastalplain. The envelope is defined by a barrierdune range along the southern boundary anda low dune ridge along the eastern andnorthern flanks.


The Bruboodjoo node islocated on a dune andcuspate spit coast in asemi-remote setting. Itsterrestrial environment ishighly sensitive along theforeshore and dunes andin the immediate vicinityof the node. Thevegetation association ofthe area is described as saltbush or bluebushwith woodland or scattered trees. The marineenvironment also is highly sensitive and ispart of the existing marine park. Extensiveshoreline reefs can be found along the pointwith subtidal reefs further out to sea. Dugonghabitats are located nearby and the node mayoffer views of whale migration.

This node is affected by the pastoral leaseexclusion process. An Aboriginal heritage sitehas been identified in close proximity to thenode and the area is affected by a petroleumtenement.

Visitor activities have resulted in significantdisturbance to the landscape. Multiple roadshave crisscrossed the fragile low areas andbreached the foredune in many locations.Undefined camping sites have encroachedseriously on to the dunes and fragilevegetation.

Assessment

Size: adequate.






Bruboodjoo is suited to a range of visitorfacilities and services including camping,

limited coveredaccommodation andservicing appropriate to aminor tourism node. Thelow area outside thetourism investigationenvelope has potential fornature study, walking andappropriate day useactivities, but is not suitedto camping, roads or anyvisitor infrastructure. Anode masterplan, guidingsite development and

rehabilitation, is currently being prepared.

Additional comment

In addition to the future minor tourism use ofBruboodjoo the long-term consideration ofCardabia Homestead as a homestead tourismnode may be appropriate as visitation to theNingaloo coast increases and Coral Bay isdeveloped to its capacity.


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Warroora Minor Tourism Node

Description

The tourism investigation envelope is locatedimmediately to the west of the Warroorahomestead node and east of a secondarydune ridge which contains three temporarystation dwellings. It is inland from the HorsePaddock coastal camping node and is locatedcompletely within the pastoral exclusionsarea.


The node is located on adune and cuspate spitcoast in a semi-remotesetting. The environmentis moderately sensitive.There is a variety ofvegetation communities inclose proximity to thenode, including Samphirehalosarcia saline varieties,open and sparse scruband saltbush/bluebush.The closest marineenvironment is highly sensitive and part ofthe Ningaloo Marine Park.


The node is just to the west of the Warroorahomestead node. The location offers closeproximity to a range of spectacular coastalsites and features, ease of access (bothvehicular and air) and proximity to Coral Bay.

The dune swale precinct is generally flat torolling with a uniform cover of coastal grassesand heath. Views are generally enclosed bylandform. There are currently no publicfacilities in this area although the nearbyhomestead node includes significant servicinginfrastructure.

Assessment

Size: adequate.


Attractions and features: few (numerous nearby).


Future options/expansion potential: exceptional.


The tourism investigation envelope ispotentially suited to facilities and servicesappropriate to a minor tourism node.Development potential adjacent to thehomestead node is excellent, but could beinfluenced by distance from key coastal sitesand lack of immediate amenity/scenicattractions.

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RecommendedEcolodges

Gnaraloo BayDescription

The tourism investigation envelope includes alarge area of gently undulating landformbehind the foredune ridge north and west ofthe Gnaraloo airstrip. A smaller area to thenorth, closer to Gnaraloo Bay has beenidentified as suited to a possible ecolodgedevelopment. Vegetation cover in the largerunit is uniform with little evidence ofdistinctive patterns or composition whilemore diversity and visualinterest is present in thesmaller unit. GnarlooHomestead is locatedapproximately 10 kmsouth of Gnarloo Bay, butat present there are noecolodge developments orcamping at Gnaraloo Bay.


Gnaraloo Bay is located on a dune andcuspate spit coast in a semi-remote setting.The terrestrial and marine environments arehighly sensitive. The local vegetationassociation is pindan with low trees. Thewaters adjacent to the node are part of theproposed extension to the marine park andhave a variety of marine habitats, includingsand, intertidal and subtidal coral reefs,lagoon and seaward subtidal reefs andshoreline reefs. Turtle rookeries have beenidentified east of the sandy point and thenode may offer views of whale migration.

The node is affected by the pastoral leaseexclusion process. There is an Aboriginalheritage site in close proximity to the node.

Numerous roads and tracks in the tourisminvestigation envelope are evidence ofpastoral land uses but do not detract

significantly from development potential. Thepublicly accessible road to/from points southto Carnarvon terminates at Gnaraloo Bay. Thetrack north is gated and locked.

View potential from the larger portion of theenvelope is limited to foreground and inlandmiddle-ground views, but does not includevisual links to the ocean features. Expansiveviews to Gnaraloo Bay are offered fromportions of the smaller northern node.

The dunes and beach strand adjacent to theenvelope are fragile and unsuited to any majordevelopment. Day use activities such as boatlaunching, vista platforms, walking tracks andnature exploration could complement tourism

facilities at Gnaraloo(homestead), locatedapproximately 10 kmsouth of the Gnaraloo Bay.

Assessment

Size: expansive.





Recommendation: Ecolodge node

Gnaraloo Bay is a magnificent but fragilenatural asset notable for its sense ofremoteness and pristine beauty. The tourisminvestigation envelope is suited todevelopment of an ecolodge. Anydevelopment would require carefulassessment due to potentially significantimplications on important values, such asturtle rookeries, aesthetics, dune stability,conflicts with other visitors, sense ofremoteness, and fisheries. Development atGnaraloo Bay should complement facilitiesand services provided at the homestead.

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Elles Camp

Description

The tourism investigation envelope is locatedon a narrow coastal plain situated betweenthe beach strand and the toe of a broken dunerange, where vegetation has been stabilised.The land cover is predominantly low grassesand coastal heath with occasional clumps ofshrub species. There is little visual diversity invegetation composition, but the complexshoreline topography and ocean interface areextraordinarily diverse and visually distinctive.Elles Camp currently caters for overnightaccommodation in the form of coastalcamping.


Elles Camp site is locatedon a dune and cuspatespit coast in a semi-remote setting. The areaalong the beach andforedunes is consideredhighly sensitive, with theland behind consideredmoderately sensitive. Vegetation of saltbush orbluebush with woodland or scattered treescan be found in the surrounding area. Themarine environment is highly sensitive and iswithin the Ningaloo Marine Park. Marinehabitats of subtidal and intertidal coral reefscan be found in waters adjacent to the node.The node may offer views of whale migration.

The area currently is used for pastoralactivities and is affected by the pastoral leaseexclusion process.

A coastal track extends the length of thetourism investigation envelope with aterminus loop to the south at a mobile duneand shack known as Nev’s Camp. Somecamping, beach access and day use activitiessuch as snorkelling and diving currently occurat defined locations. The sense of remoteness,spectacular views and access to oceanbeaches and proximity of the Ningaloo Reefmake this area exceptional.

Assessment

Size: limited.



Distinctiveness:exceptional.

Future options/expansion potential: limited.


The area within the tourism investigationenvelope is suited to development of anecolodge. The land area available is narrow,but several locations are suited to specialaccommodation nodes. The entire envelope isexposed to wind and severe coastalconditions, but the views and sense ofuniqueness, remoteness and naturalness areexceptional.

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Winderabandi

Description

The tourism investigation envelope includescoastal plain and foothill terrace landforms ofdiversity and topographical variation. While thecoastal plain landform is typically undulatingwith some visual diversity, the foothill plateauis deeply dissected with steep slopes to thewest. Vegetation and landform patterns arecharacteristic of the plain and foothillvegetation associations with some pockets ofdistinction. Winderabandi currently caters forovernight accommodation in the form ofcoastal camping.


Winderabandi is located on a dune andcuspate spit coast in a semi-remote setting.The foreshore, dunes and point are highlysensitive environments, as is the range, andthe foot of the range is considered amoderately sensitive environment. Localvegetation is described as sparse shrub steppe.The waters adjacent to the node containhabitats of sand, shoreline reefs, subtidal reefs,and subtidal and intertidal coral reefs, and arewithin the Ningaloo Marine Park. Bird roostscan be found on the tip of the point and thenode may offer views of whale migration.

The area currently is used for pastoral activitiesand is affected by the pastoral lease exclusionprocess. There is a mining lease over the area.

Past and current visitor usage focuses primarilyon the beach strand and adjacent plain. Poorlydefined tracks, campsites and toileting areashave significantly disturbed the fragile dunelandforms, swales and vegetation compositionalong Lefroy Bay and Winderabandi Point.

Views from the foothill terraces areexceptional. Conversely, possible visual impactsresulting from any proposed development asseen from coastal sites would require carefulassessment. There currently are few if anyevident human-imposed landscape alterationsin the range within of the tourism investigationenvelope. Screening potential of eitherlandform or vegetation cover is minimal. Theestablished coastal road runs through the


envelope immediately adjacent to theshoreline.

The northern boundary of the envelope followsthe boundary of Australian Government land. Anarrow track runs from Lefroy Bay to the toe ofthe range along this boundary.

While the entire envelope potentially is suitablefor an ecolodge complex, two tourism focusareas have been identified. These are thelowest terrace above the coastal plain and thecoastal plain adjacent to Lefroy Bay behind theforedune.

An ecolodge development in either locationwould require careful integration of all touristfacilities – lodge, camping and day use andlikely would require realignment of the coastalroad. Winderabandi Point and Lefroy Bay havegreat tourist/visitor appeal and developmentpotential but would become seriously degradedif left ill-defined and unmanaged.







Potential is excellent for an ecolodge/campingdevelopment at the base of the range or onthe coastal plain in the Winderabandi area.

Additional comment

Camping and day use activities onWinderabandi Point and adjacent to Lefroy Bayhave resulted in significant (perhapsaccelerating) loss of native vegetation anderosion of fragile dune systems. Camping inthe dune area is unlikely to be sustainable, butcould be considered on the coastal plain inassociation with an ecolodge development oras a separate option.

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Cape Range National Park Ecolodge

Note: A site at Mandu Mandu Gorge north hasbeen identified within this framework.However, the final location of any ecolodgesite within the national park, be it at ManduMandu or any other suitable site which meetsthe criteria, will be determined in the CapeRange National Park management planningprocess.

Description

The currently defined tourism investigationenvelope is a very largeportion of the landformterrace between thecoastal plain and the steeprise on to Cape Range eastof Oyster Stacks. Thelandform is rolling, rockyin some locations, andoffers extraordinary viewsto the coastal dunes,Oyster Stacks, TurquoiseBay and Ningaloo Reef.Mandu Mandu Gorge islocated on the southernmargin. Vegetation patterns are diverse andoffer some screening capability. At presentthere is no vehicular access to the area and nocamping is permitted.

There are numerous dissections, which breakthe continuity of the envelope landform anddefine plains of diverse developmentpotential. High walls and distinctive gullies arecharacteristic of the range immediatelyadjacent to the envelope.

Assessment

Size: expansive.







The tourism investigation envelope is a verylarge area within which development of anecolodge may be suitable.

Confirmation of specific site suitability withinthe envelope requires further site analysis andassessment of biophysical, social, visual,aesthetic and managerial factors. This iscurrently being undertaken for Cape RangeNational Park as part of the separatemanagement planning process.

Additional comment

A site should be providedwithin the northernportion of Cape Range isrequired to provide thenecessary components tothe coastal framework.The exact site for thisecolodge will be subject tospecific site suitability.Within the Cape RangeNational Park thedetermination of the finalenvelope (either at this

site or another site which meets the necessarycriteria) will require further site analysis andassessment of biophysical, social, visual,aesthetic and managerial factors. This will beundertaken for as part of the managementplanning process.

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RecommendedHomestead tourism nodes

Warroora Homestead

Description

The tourism investigation envelope is focusedon the original homestead and existingvisitor/tourist infrastructure.


The original WarrooraHomestead is inland of adune and cuspate spitcoast in a semi-remotesetting. The environmentis moderately sensitive inthe immediate vicinity ofthe original homestead.There are a variety ofvegetation communitiessurrounding the node.Samphire saline varietiescan be found in theimmediate vicinity and to the north east ofthe homestead, with open and sparse scrub tothe south-east and saltbush/bluebush withwoodland or scattered trees along thecoastline.

The original homestead precinct ischaracterised by gently undulating to slopingtopography with some remnant shrub-treevegetation, particularly in moisture-gaininglocations. There are no exceptional naturalfeatures, but views to the inland landscape areexpansive. Major attributes include the


structures and activities at the hub of afunctioning pastoral station, proximity to arange of spectacular coastal sites and features,ease of access (vehicular and air) andproximity to Coral Bay. An Aboriginal heritagesite is located immediately south-east of theoriginal homestead buildings.

Warroora Homestead currently offers stationstay tourist accommodation. The existingvisitor facilities and services include campingand bunkhouse-style accommodation near theoriginal homestead. Additionalaccommodation in the original homesteadbuildings may also occur.

Assessment

Size: adequate.


Attractions and features: few around homestead, numerous nearby.



Recommendation: Homestead tourism node

The tourism investigation envelope ispotentially suited to facilities and servicesappropriate for homestead tourism.Development potential within the homesteadprecinct is good, but could be influenced bydistance from key coastal sites and lack ofimmediate amenity/scenic attractions.

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Giralia Homestead

Description

The tourism investigation envelope is locatedwithin Giralia station and includes thehomestead precinct and surroundingpaddocks. Land is flat to undulating with littlediversity or unique visual interest in landformor vegetation pattern. The envelope includesthe homestead complex, holding pens andairstrip. There are few natural constraints tothe extent of land area potentially availableand suited to development of tourism facilitiesand services. Giralia Homestead currentlyoffers station stay tourist accommodation.


The Giralia Homestead site is an inland node;therefore no coastal geomorphology has beendefined. Given its association to pastoralactivities, the node is in a semi-remotesetting. Most of the site is consideredmoderately environmentally sensitive, with anarea of high environmental sensitivity alongthe wetland near the settlement. The localvegetation is described as open and sparsescrub.

The locality is recognised as pastoral land bythe Exmouth-Learmonth (North West Cape)structure plan. It is not affected by the pastorallease exclusion process and there are noAboriginal heritage sites in the vicinity. Apetroleum tenement affects the node. Thestation is owned by the state and is likely tobe retained as part of the conservation estatewith the reservation of the land forconservation purposes likely.

Numerous roads, tracks, structures, fences andother evidence of pastoral land uses arecommon within the tourism investigationenvelope. These could be assessed as eitherpositive or negative depending ondevelopment themes, target client groups andobjectives of development proposals.

Views from the envelope are expansive with alandform rise to the east creating a focus ofparticular attraction (including a sunsetviewpoint). Portions of the station are of

particular note for biological diversity andscientific interest.

A range of accommodation currently isprovided in the homestead precinct, includingcamping, demountable units and homesteadserviced units. Attractions includeaccommodation, food services, a pool, senseof oasis, proximity to the Gulf and remnantsof a pastoral station. The key user groupscurrently are fishers and overnight campingtour groups.



Attractions and features: few.



Recommendation: Homestead tourism node

The Giralia Homestead tourism investigationenvelope is suitable as a homestead tourismnode, however lacks a breadth of attraction orfeatures of uniqueness. Potential target usergroups include fishers, tour groups, scientistsand those seeking an insight into pastoralhistory. A comprehensive business/marketingplan is required to determine the viability ofGiralia Homestead as a tourist facility.

Additional comment

Various sites adjacent to the gulf coastline,including Sandalwood Point, and the inlet arepotentially suited to defined and manageddispersed camping and perhaps a smallecocamp or other minimum developmentaccommodation types. Any facilities mustcomplement and be compatible with othermanagement objectives for the proposedreserve.

Note

No aerial photography depicting Giralia Homestead isavailable, however the tourism investigation envelopeis generally within the confines of the existing GiraliaHomestead compound.

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Recommended Coastal campingnodes

The Lagoon

Description

The tourism investigation envelope includesan area of undulating stabilised sandy soilbehind the foredune and immediately north ofThe Lagoon. Topography, exposed dunes andfragile riparian features limit the total areasuited to development of campsites and dayuse activity nodes. TheLagoon is favoured byfishers and long-termvisitors and has a loyalreturn clientele. Pastcamping and day useactivities have resulted indisturbance to landformand vegetation. Definitionof visitor use nodes andrehabilitation is currentlybeing implemented byWarroora Station staff.


The Lagoon is located on a dune and cuspatespit coast. The area is in a remote setting. Theterrestrial environment is highly sensitivealong the beach, the foredunes and the waterbody that opens into the sea. Local vegetationis described as open and sparse scrub. Themarine environment also is highly sensitiveand currently is within the marine parkboundary. Marine habitats of subtidal reefs,shoreline reefs and subtidal coral reefs arefound here.

The area currently is used for pastoralactivities, and is affected by the pastoral leaseexclusion process. There is an Aboriginalheritage site to the east of the node.

The Lagoon is suited to low numbers ofcampers and day visitors and has little

potential for covered accommodation. Sitedefinition and control of visitor activities andnumbers are essential.

Assessment

Size: limited.





Recommendation: Coastal camping node

The Lagoon is suitable forlimited camping and dayuse activities within thedefined tourisminvestigation envelopewith a focus on thelagoon, fishing, beachactivities and oceanfeatures. Access andparking, placement of

camping sites, location of toilets and otherservices and design of day use focal areasmust be managed carefully, monitored anddelineated as guided by a node masterplan.

Additional comment

Other camping/day use facilities in the vicinityof The Lagoon include The Cove with two tothree defined camps to the south and Nick'sCamp with a single group site to the north. Anarea of potential expansion of camping sites islocated on stable, but stony groundimmediately east of the tourism investigationenvelope. The area could provide for largenumbers of visitors, but is some distance fromthe ocean features and potentially could placeunacceptable social and environmental stresson fragile resources of the area.

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This envelope is affected by the pastoral leaseexclusion process. A few tracks crossing thearea provide access to the temporaryhomestead residences and the shack areanear the beach where some camping andgeneral beach access occurs. There arecurrently no facilities in this area.

The three temporary residences built on adune ridge overlooking the envelope are notaccessible to visitors. Views are expansivefrom the dune ridge, but the area is notincluded in the tourism investigation envelopeas it does not meet established suitabilitycriteria.

Assessment

Size: adequate.






The tourism investigation envelope ispotentially suited to facilities and servicesappropriate for coastal camping. It is in theforeground viewshed from the temporaryhomestead residences, but offers visualinterest and proximity to the coastal dunesand beach.

Horse Paddock

Description

The tourism investigation envelope is locatedin a wide swale between the foredune rangeand a secondary dune ridge west of WarrooraHomestead. There are three temporaryhomestead residences at Horse Paddockwhich are separate to the homestead node.


Horse Paddock is located on a dune andcuspate spit coast in a semi-remote setting.The environment is moderately sensitive. Thedune swale generally isflat to rolling with auniform cover of coastalgrasses and heath. Viewsgenerally are enclosed bylandform. The adjacentmarine environment ishighly sensitive and partof the Ningaloo MarinePark. Habitats of shorelinereefs, intertidal andsubtidal coral reefs andlow-relief subtidal reefscan be found in the area.


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Stevens Camp

Description

The tourism investigation envelope is locatedin a largely enclosed basin behind a highcoastal foredune. The topography of the basinis flat to rolling and land cover ispredominantly grassy with some pockets ofshrubby coastal vegetation that create visualinterest and some enclosure for campsites.


The terrestrial environment is highly sensitivealong the beach and dunes and the localvegetation association issaltbush or bluebush withwoodland or scatteredtrees. The waters adjacentto the node currently arewithin the marine parkboundary and are highlysensitive. Intertidal andsubtidal coral reefs arefound here.

The area currently is usedfor pastoral activities, andis affected by the pastorallease exclusion process. There is an Aboriginalheritage site just to the south of the node.

Current visitor use is concentrated in thesheltered basin behind the foredune and inthe sandy terminus node to the west of theforedune. Key attractions are surfing, fishingand use of the protected beach. Trackscrossing the dune to access the beach arevisually disruptive, subject to erosion andrequire stabilisation and rehabilitation. Apedestrian walking track is required.

The main camping area in the basin lacksvisual links to the ocean. Favourable sites inthe shrubby grove are limited. There is someexpansion potential in the enclosed valley tothe north and the paddock to the east, butboth lack appeal.

Assessment

Size: adequate.



Distinctiveness: moderate (behind duneridge) to exceptional.



The Stevens Camp basin is suited to a limitednumber of campsites andas a focus for day useaccess to the beach. Thebeach area is fragile,subject to erosion andvegetation loss, and onlysuited to walk-in day use.Beach camping isinappropriate. The smallterminus area to the southis potentially suited as aremote boat/kayak campor a walk-in day usefeature site.

Additional comment

A high point to the south of Stevens Camp(Wedding Point) has been suggested byWarroora staff for installation of a whalelookout platform.


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Maggies

Description

The tourism investigation envelope is smalland limited by coastal dunes and a secondaryinland ridge system. The envelope is narrowbut includes areas of stable land with lowcoastal vegetation and exceptional viewpotential.


Maggies node is located on a dune andcuspate spit coast in a semi-remote setting.The beach and dunes are highly sensitiveenvironments with thelocal vegetation describedas saltbush or bluebushwith woodland orscattered trees. Themarine environment alsois highly sensitive and partof the Ningaloo MarinePark. Habitats of shorelinereefs, subtidal reefs, andintertidal and subtidalcoral reefs are found here.The node may also offerviews of whale migration.

The area is currently used for pastoralactivities, and is affected by the pastoral leaseexclusion process.

Currently, the area is popular with fishers whotend to camp adjacent to the boat launch andbeach access point, but numbers areminimised by sloping topography, andmanagement staff. Other attractions include awide beach, cliff landscape and diverse dunesystems.

Assessment

Size: limited.






Maggies is suited to development of limitedcamping and/or a small number of carefully

sited coveredaccommodation unitssuch as ecocamps. Thedune precinct to the northis fragile and unsuited todevelopment of anyinfrastructure or as a focusfor any recreation usesother than low-intensityday activities.

Additional comment

Areas of development potential outside thedefined tourism investigation envelope arelocated in interdunal swales to the east andnorth-east of the envelope. These areas maybe suitable for visitor accommodation andservices, but are located some distance fromthe ocean features and are enclosed visually.


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Fourteen Mile Camp

Description

The tourism investigation envelope is locatedon the stable coastal plain just to the south ofFourteen Mile Beach. The beach area,currently utilised for camping and boatingactivities, does not meet the developmentsuitability criteria established in thisdocument.


This site is located on a dune and cuspate spitcoast in a semi-remote setting. The beach anddunes are highly sensitiveenvironments. The localvegetation is described assaltbush or bluebush withwoodland or scatteredtrees. The marineenvironment also is highlysensitive and is part of theexisting Ningaloo MarinePark. There is a significantintertidal coral reef,smaller subtidal coralreefs, and a smallshoreline reef to the north.The node may offer views of whale migration.

Currently, the area is used for pastoralactivities, and is affected by the pastoral leaseexclusion process.

Dispersed camping activities occur along thecoastline from Stevens Camp in the south toFourteen Mile Camp to the north. Both oneand two bay dispersed sites and moreconcentrated camping areas are used, oftenpreferred by return visitors and long-termusers of the area. The greatest concentrationof camping and boating use is at FourteenMile Camp on the beach and immediateforedune. Much of the camping occurs withinthe Ningaloo Marine Park. Roads and campingsites have disturbed natural dunes andvegetation but there are no known studies toestablish or assess the significance of the

changes to the local ecology. Camping sitesare defined and managed by Warroora Stationstaff and caretakers during peak periods.

Beach camping at Fourteen Mile Camp is anactivity to which many long-term visitors areculturally and emotionally attached. Anychange would be contentious andunwelcomed by current users.

Camping nodes on the stable plain south ofFourteen Mile Camp are defined and managedby Warroora Station staff. Views areexpansive, the adjacent coastline is rocky andbeach access requires a short walk.

Assessment

Size: limited.






Camping and other infrastructure are suitedto the stable plain to the south of FourteenMile Beach. Camping on the beach andforedune (in Ningaloo Marine Park) is verypopular, but the site conditions do not meetdevelopment suitability criteria.

Additional comment

Fourteen Mile Camp is a very populardestination for many long term visitors.Changing use patterns and establishment ofany restrictions will require further study andconsultation with government agencies, usergroups and other interested individuals and aphased approach should be considered.


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Jane Bay Camp

Description

The tourism investigation envelope is a large,heavily grazed basin inland of the coastaldune range. The landform is gently rollingwith sparse vegetation cover. The area hassome sense of enclosure, but generally isexpansive with little interest or appeal. Thereis no visual linkage to the ocean or reef andno vegetation of special character or interest.Camping and caravanning currently occurs inthis area. Approximately 20 defined campingsites are proposed by Ningaloo Station staff.


The node is located on adune and cuspate spitcoast in a remote setting.Its beach and dunes arehighly sensitiveenvironments. The localvegetation is described aspindan with low trees onthe dune system andsaltbush or bluebush withwoodland or scattered trees inland. Themarine environment also is highly sensitiveand is part of the existing Ningaloo MarinePark. There are varied marine habitats,including small patches of shoreline reefadjacent to the beach, subtidal reefs, a small

patch of macroalgae on limestone reefs, andintertidal coral reefs. Manta ray and dugonghabitats are found to the north and south ofthe bay and the node may offer views ofwhale migration.


The adjacent coastline is characterised bydunes, fragile vegetation and an exposedsandy beach suited to short stay day useactivities such as fishing, walking and natureobservation.

Assessment

Size: expansive.


Attractions and features: few.




The ocean frontage at Jane Bay is most suitedto day use visitation while camping isappropriate at Jane Bay Camp, the inlandbasin identified in the tourism investigationenvelope. Camping in this area is likely tohave limited appeal if other accommodationopportunities are made available at NingalooBeach.


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Lefroy Bay

Description

Two tourism investigation envelopes arelocated along Lefroy Bay between Point Billieand Winderabandi Point where the coastalplain landform joins a relatively low andnarrow foredune ridge. This was required dueto the size of Lefroy Bay and in recognition ofthe scale of camping that occurs on this node.


Lefroy Bay is located on a dune and cuspatespit coast in a semi-remote setting. Thebeach, dunes and rangesare highly sensitiveenvironments. Localvegetation is quite diversewith pindan with low treeson the sandy point, sparseshrub steppe along theforeshore and dunes andgrass steppe on the range.Its marine environmentalso is quite diverse withshoreline reefs along thebay, subtidal reefs,macroalgae (limestonereef) and subtidal and intertidal coral reefs.The node may offer views of whale migration.


The linear coastal area is currently popularwith visitors who prefer dispersed and smallgroup camping sites. Fishing and boating arefavoured activities. Disturbance to naturalvegetation and landform features is locallyevident, but natural stability, site definitionand rehabilitation works recently havereduced negative impacts.

One camping area has been fenced and gatedwith limited access to reserved site campers.Definition of camping sites andcommencement of rehabilitation works havebeen implemented by Ningaloo Station staffwith assistance from regular campers.

Assessment

Size: adequate.






Lefroy Bay is suited to development ofdispersed and clustered camping nodes,particularly behind the coastal foredune. Thecoastal plain is suited to a greater intensity ofdevelopment, but the foredune is remarkablystable and also is appropriate for limitednumbers of dispersed camping nodes where agreater level of site hardening may berequired. A node masterplan shoulddetermine the most appropriate camping sitesand guide site rehabilitation where needed.


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Doddy’s Camp

Description

The tourism investigation envelope is locatedin a small valley behind the coastal foredunein close proximity to a coastal beach andheadland. Pockets of coastal trees and shrubsoffer visual interest and some definition ofcamping bays. Soils are sandy with limitedsuitability.

The land currently is in AustralianGovernment ownership within the BunderaCoastal Protection Area of the Learmonth AirWeapons Range.


Doddy’s Camp is locatedon a dune and cuspatespit coast in a semi-remote setting. Theforeshore and dunesystem and the area fromthe beach to the road arehighly sensitiveenvironments. Localvegetation is described assparse shrub steppe. There is a diverse rangeof marine habitats in the waters adjacent tothe site. These habitats include sand,macroalgae (limestone reef), subtidal andintertidal coral reefs and shoreline reefs alongmost of the beach. This area is part of theNingaloo Marine Park and may offer views ofwhale migration.

Currently, the area is used for camping withno facilities and limited management byDepartment of Defence. Favoured activitiesinclude fishing, snorkelling and beachexploration. There is very limited capacity forexpansion.

Ningaloo Chase, a safari-style ecocamp,originally located on the headland within thetourism investigation envelope, has beenrelocated to a site near Sandy Point to thenorth. No tourism investigation envelope hasbeen identified at Sandy Point due to the veryfragile coastal dune landform and vegetationassociation.

Changing the use patterns in the BunderaCoastal Protection Area together with theestablishment of any access restrictions willrequire further study and consultationbetween Department of Defence and stategovernment agencies, existing user groupsand other interested individuals.

Assessment

Size: limited.

Environmental stability: sensitive.





Doddy’s Camp is suited as a small campingnode, but will require significant hardeningand increased management to ensuresustainability in the future should accesscontinue.

An environmental management plan for theBundera Coastal Protection Area is beingprepared and should address access andmanagement of Doddy’s Camp. If the camp isto remain in use a node masterplan should beprepared as a priority.


Cape Range National Park

Most campsites within Cape Range NationalPark have a defined number of bays andappropriate facilities including toilets, roads,paths, control devices and signing. Currentcampsites include Boat Harbour, One K Camp,Yardie Creek, Osprey/Bungarra, Pilgramunna,Kurrajong, South Mandu Camping Area (ReefRetreat Ecocamp), North Mandu, Tulki Beach,Lakeside, T-Bone, Mesa and Neds. The CapeRange National Park coastal camping nodeshave not been shown on the Coastal tourismframework (figure 5) as camping nodes arecontrolled through the management plan forthe national park. The Cape Range NationalPark management plan1987-1997 is presentlyunder review, and, iffinalised prior to therelease of the Ningaloocoast regional strategyCarnarvon to Exmouth theCoastal tourismframework will be updatedto reflect the park's newmanagement plan.

One ecolodge node hasbeen recommendedwithin Cape Range National Park.

Recommended Day use sites

Seventeen Mile

Description

No tourism investigation envelope has beenidentified in the Seventeen Mile area.Seventeen Mile is located between QuobbaHomestead and Red Bluff on a portion ofcoast characterised by dramatic dune-forms,blowouts, inter-dunal swales, pocket beachesand rocky coastal cliffs. Attributes atSeventeen Mile include a protected bay, safebeach, rocky headland, low coastal vegetation102

and a small area of stable terrain. Somecoastal rehabilitation has occurred. The site isa popular day use site for fishing, surfing andbeach activities.


The node is located on a cliff coast in a semi-remote setting. The area along the foreshoreand dune system has high environmentalsensitivity. The vegetation is described aspindan with low trees, with sparse shrubsteppe further east. The adjacent marineenvironment is highly sensitive and is underconsideration for inclusion into NingalooMarine Park.

Assessment

Size: no tourism investigation envelope designation.




Future options/expansion potential:moderate.

Recommendation: Day use site

This site is well suited to day use activities.

Additional comment

Future options may include limited campingand possibly an ecolodge style development.


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Point Billie

Description

No tourism investigation envelope has beenidentified in the Point Billie area. The beacharea currently utilised for camping andboating activities from Point Billie south, doesnot meet the development criteria establishedin this document.


Point Billie is located on a dune and cuspatespit coast in a semi-remote setting. Its beach,dunes and ranges are highly sensitiveenvironments. There arevaried vegetationassociations in the areawith pindan with low treeson the dune system,sparse shrub steppe andsaltbush or bluebush withwoodland or scatteredtrees inland and grasssteppe on the range. Themarine environment alsois highly sensitive and ispart of the existingNingaloo Marine Park. Themarine habitats found here include smallshoreline reefs to the north-east, subtidalreefs, and intertidal coral reefs. Manta rayhabitats are found to the south in NorwegianBay. The node may offer views of whalemigration.

Currently, the area is reserved for pastoralactivities, and is affected by pastoral leaseexclusion process. There is an Aboriginalheritage site located to the north-east, alongthe coast.

The beach strand and a wide coastal foredunerange are used by visitors for camping andshort-stay activities. The track network isexpansive. Disturbance to natural vegetationand landform is severe locally and evidentthroughout the area. Traditionally, fewconstraints have been placed on visitoractivities. Definition of camping sites andclosure of some tracks has recently beenimplemented by Ningaloo Station staff andvolunteers. More site definition andrehabilitation is planned.

Assessment

Size: no tourism investigation envelopedesignation.




Future options/expansion potential: limited

Recommendation: Day use site

Camping on the Point Billie coast isunsustainable without unacceptably highlevels of site hardening and infrastructure. Anode masterplan, based on a comprehensiveassessment of social needs and environmentalconditions is required urgently for the entirearea to determine the most appropriate andsustainable land uses.

Additional comment

Point Billie is a very popular destination formany long-term visitors. Changing usepatterns and establishment of restrictions willrequire further study and consultation withgovernment agencies, Ningaloo Station staff,user groups and other interested individuals.

1.3.8 Implementation ofCoastal tourismframeworkThis section briefly outlines the way theCoastal tourism framework will beimplemented. It is provided to guide futuretourism use of the Ningaloo coast inrecognition of environmental constraints, theneed to resolve land management issues suchas the separate pastoral coastal exclusionsprocess and the desire to stage tourism so thatthe quality of visitor experience and variety ofexperiences is maintained and improved.

It should be noted that no new tourismdevelopment shall be considered outside ofCarnarvon, Exmouth and Coral Bay until landvesting and management in relation to thepastoral coastal exclusion process has beenagreed. The Ningaloo coast regional strategyCarnarvon to Exmouth process is not relatedto the pastoral exclusion process.

As part of the implementation of the strategyfurther consideration of the proposed stagingof development along the Ningaloo coast isrequired. It is expected that a range of tourismopportunities will be provided at the nodesidentified, ranging from camping through toecolodge style accommodation. Bothgovernment bodies and private operators willhave a role in facilitating these tourismopportunities, which will be developed as partof the implementation of the strategy.

Staging of tourism opportunities

Staging of tourism opportunities along theNingaloo coast is seen as an important part ofthe implementation of the strategy. Staging ofopportunities will occur in two ways, by thestaging of the establishment of new nodesalong the coast, and staging of developmentwithin nodes.

As identified in the Overview of the Coastaltourism framework, many of the coastalnodes identified already have an existing levelof use, often below the capacity identified inthe framework. The staging of developmentwould see the identified nodes progressivelydevelop and expand over the 30 yeartimeframe of the strategy.

Priority shall be given to the resolution of theBlowholes. The future redevelopment of thisarea is recognised as an important element inthe effective future planning for the southernsection of the Ningaloo coast.

The staging of tourism use and developmentshall take into account the following criteria:

• protection of the fragile environment ofthe Ningaloo Reef and coastallandforms;

• the need for proactive planning andprovision of sustainable tourismdevelopment on the Ningaloo coast;

• the guiding principles of the strategy;

• objectives of the Statement of planningpolicy;

• development of environmentalmonitoring and audit systems to gaugeenvironmental impacts (input to thecumulative impacts assessmentframework);

• consideration of all new proposalswithin a cumulative impact assessmentframework containing identified levelsof acceptable change thresholds;

• limits of available infrastructure;

• water availability;

• existing environmental pressure,including that caused by currenttourism use;

• provision of a range of tourismaccommodation to cater for a variety invisitor experience, including limitedtourism in a remote setting;

• recognition of the lack of tourismaccommodation on certain sections ofthe Ningaloo coast;

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• policies of the Planning andenvironmental guidelines for sustainabletourism on the Ningaloo coast;

• estimates of future tourism visitation;

• recognition of established coastaltourism nodes;

• commercial viability and opportunitiesfor a diversity of sustainable tourismdevelopments to be realised on theNingaloo coast; and

• opportunities for sustainable tourismdevelopment will be offered through apublic competitive tendering process.

Implementationof coastalcampingrecommendations

Implementation of thecoastal campingrecommendations will occurgradually with theimplementation of thisstrategy. While all campingalong the coast will beformalised into managed camping across arange of experiences, this will occur inpartnership with pastoral leaseholders,relevant government agencies, localgovernment and visitors camping along thecoast. This will assist in the reduction ofenvironmental degradation (vegetationclearance, ad hoc creation of four-wheel drivetracks, waste management, etc) caused byunmanaged camping.

Camping may include the delineation of singlecampsites to multiple camp sites, campinggrounds, small groupings, small commercialoperations such as ecocamp proposals inassociation with coastal features or activities.

Rationalisation of some existing campsitesmay occur in order to prevent long-termenvironmental damage. This may result indefined and managed campsites whilst aimingto retain the natural and remote visitorexperience.

Process for assessment ofproposals on Ningaloo coast

Development of tourism investigationenvelopes for recreation and tourism issubject to a systematic process of proposal,assessment, review and incrementalrefinement from broad to detailed planning.Each stage is of equal importance to ensurethat the right facilities and services areprovided for the right visitor group in a waythat is environmentally sustainable. Thisprocess flows on from Future directions andthe draft Carnarvon-Ningaloo coast: Planningfor sustainable tourism and land use and itspublic consultation. Below is the process to

facilitate consideration ofproposals on the Ningaloocoast:

1. Ningaloo coast regional strategy Carnarvon to Exmouth (Western Australian Planning Commission).

2. Tourism investigation envelopes. These are an indication of broad-scale areas most suited to development of

visitor/tourist facilities and services asidentified within this strategy. They arethe result of a process of consultation,site review and on-site confirmation.This is the responsibility of the NingalooSustainable Development Office andDepartment for Planning andInfrastructure.

3. Node masterplans. These areintermediate-scale designs that reflect adevelopment vision for a tourisminvestigation envelope and includerelationship diagrams and broad-scaledesign plans. They could be a responseto expressions of interest instigated bygovernment or public sector proposals.The level of detail provided should besufficient to provide an in principledecision relating to a proposal andinclude consideration of matters to beaddressed in node masterplans and site


development plans, as listed below. Allopportunities for sustainable tourismuse and development will be offeredthrough an equitable public competitivetendering process. This is theresponsibility of the NingalooSustainable Development Office,Department for Planning andInfrastructure and where relevant theproponent.

4. If, in the event that the nodemasterplan assessment shows that thetourism investigation envelope does notmeet environmental or other relevantrequirements, an alternative, bettersuited site may be proposed andconsidered as a replacement tourisminvestigation envelope, not as anadditional site.

5. Site development plans. These aredetailed-scale plans and specificationsthat provide precise locations/details forall structures, access and circulation,special-use sites and suggestrehabilitation or enhancement workswith detailing and documentation. Thedetail provided should be sufficient for aformal development application to beconsidered and be guided by the nodemasterplanning process detailed in 3,above, and include consideration ofmatters to be addressed in nodemasterplans and site developmentplans, as listed below. All opportunitiesfor sustainable tourism use anddevelopment will be offered through anequitable public competitive tenderingprocess. This is the responsibility of theproponent.

Tenure and land management

The length of tenure to be allowed onleasehold land vested in the ConservationCommission of Western Australia is currentlyunder investigation as to whether this shouldbe longer than the currently allowed 21 plus21 years in appropriate circumstances.

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Matters to be addressed in node masterplans andsite development plansThe following criteria must be addressed byany proponent of a sustainable tourism use ordevelopment of a site detailed in the Coastaltourism framework, when preparing a nodemasterplan or site development plan, forapproval.

• Declared rare or priority flora and faunaspecies. Important populations andbreeding or feeding areas should beidentified, featured and protected fromdisturbance.

• Sites of cultural or heritage significance,including Aboriginal heritage sites.Special sites should be featured andprotected from disturbance.

• Vegetation clearance. Developmentshould ensure minimum disturbance tonaturally established vegetation,especially on dunes.

• Marine features. Marine sanctuaryzones, fish habitat protection areas andother sensitive marine environmentareas should be featured and protected.

• Biological, visual, cultural, historical,research/education sites or recreationalpoints of interest. Proposals shouldenhance and/or protect sites of specialinterest.

• Water. Proposals must assess watersupply.

• Visual integrity. Development shouldborrow from and be complementary tonaturally established landscapecharacteristics. Visual amenity shouldbe considered as part of thisassessment.

• Scale and form of development.Proposals should ensure that naturalelements remain dominant and do notbecome subordinate to introducedelements.

• Soil types. Development should belocated on stable sites, which aresuitable/capable of sustaining change.


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• Setbacks, inundation and/or stormsurges. Development areas shouldreflect setback requirements ofStatement of planning policy 2.6 in orderto protect significant features, andproposed development attractions.

• Building materials and textures. Builtelements should borrow from and becompatible with their landscape setting.

• Waste management. All developmentproposals should ensure that land andwater are protected from pollution.

• Visitor experience levels. Developmentproposals should ensure that visitor'sexpectations are realised through theuse of buffers or breaks betweenpotentiallyconflicting uses andallow for publicaccess within thecoastal zone.

• Risks and hazards tovisitors. Visitorhealth and safetymust be consideredfully.

• Wind and sun.Developmentsshould ensure thatthe most efficient passive cooling andheating techniques are used.

• Construction materials. Developmentsshould ensure availability andsustainability of supply including road-building materials.

• Pests and pestilence. Developmentproposals should consider mosquito andbiting midge breeding sites.

• Sustainable technology developmentsshould ensure continual improvement insustainable tourism technology.

• Monitoring and auditing. Monitor andaudit the local environment for changes,sustainable tourism and impact, andimprovements/continued monitoring ofexisting degraded areas whereidentified.


The Planning and environmental guidelinesfor sustainable tourism on the Ningaloo coastshall be used in the assessment of thesecriteria.

Recommendations

That further detailed assessment of coastaland dispersed camping nodes be undertakento audit and monitor existing use. Resultingrecommendations that seek to protect orimprove the condition of the naturalenvironment of a coastal or dispersedcamping node should be implemented as amatter of priority.

Encourage furtherresearch and fundingprograms (such as theNingaloo Ocean and EarthResearch Centre) tomonitor and recommendprotective measures onthe Ningaloo coast,particularly cumulativeimpacts, to informsustainable tourismoptions.

Consider limited,preferably staged,

sustainable tourism proposals within landdelineated as tourism investigation envelopesunder the guidance of statements of planningpolicy 2.6 and 6.3 in addition to the Planningand environmental guidelines for sustainabletourism on the Ningaloo coast throughassessment of node masterplans and sitedevelopment plans, subject to therequirements of, and staged as per the criteriaset out in the Ningaloo coast regional strategyCarnarvon to Exmouth.

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