parT 1 - Yale University

L e a r n To r e a d

Gr eekWorkBook

pa rT 1

andrew kellerCollegiate School

Stephanie russellCollegiate School

new Haven & London

Copyright © 2012 Yale University

Learn to Read Greek, Workbook, Part 1, sample

Copyright © 2012 by Yale University.all rights reserved.This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers.

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Publisher: Mary Jane pelusoEditorial Assistant: elise panzaProject Editor: Timothy SheaProduction Controller: aldo Cupo

designed by James J. Johnson.Set in arno roman type by Integrated Composition Systems.printed in the United States of america.

isbn: 978-0-300-11591-8 (part 1) isbn: 978-0-300-11592-5 (part 2)

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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Cover illustration: rembrandt van rijn, Aristotle with a Bust of Homer, 1653. The Metropolitan Museum of art, new York. purchase, special

contributions and funds given or bequeathed by friends of the Museum, 1961 (61.198). Image copyright © The Metropolitan Museum of art.



ix

p r e F a C e

This workbook contains drills written to accompany the Introduction and Chapters 1 through 9 of the textbook Learn to Read Greek (part 1). The drill numbers correspond to numbers of sections (§) in the textbook in which morphology and syntax are presented. after almost every section, students are referred to the appropriate drill in the workbook for reinforcement of the forms and syntax just presented. In addi-tion, this workbook contains exercises for each chapter, synthetic Greek sentences for translation that offer substantial practice in the new vocabulary, morphology, and syntax while also reviewing material pre-sented in earlier chapters. The last exercise sentences are in english, and writing them in Greek provides additional reinforcement of forms and syntax and allows students to practice writing clear, correct Greek in plausible Greek word order.

The workbook pages are perforated in order that the drills and exercises may be detached and used for homework assignments. Following the drills and exercises are summaries for each chapter, the first of which is a duplicate of the vocabulary page of the textbook chapter. There are also compact summaries of all the new morphology and syntax. Students should tear out these summaries and use them for study as each chapter is being learned. after the summaries for all nine chapters there are sample synopsis blanks need-ed for verb synopsis drills that appear throughout the workbook. Students and teachers can tear out and copy these as necessary. The workbook also contains a morphology appendix and Greek to english and english to Greek vocabularies for ready reference.



xi

a B B r e V I a T I o n S

* indicates that a form is hypothetical< (derived) from> becomes§ sectiona, p, u antepenult, penult, ultimaacc. accusativeact. activeadj. adjectiveadv. adverbaor. aoristconj. conjunctiond.a. direct addressd.o. direct objectdat. dativedemonstr. demonstrativee.g. exempli gratia, for exampleetc. et cetera, and the remaining

thingsexclam. exclamatoryf. femininefem. femininefut. futuregen. genitivei.e. id est, that isi.o. indirect objectimperf. imperfectindef. indefiniteindic. indicative

infin. infinitiveinterj. interjectioninterrog. interrogativeintrans. intransitivem. masculinemasc. masculinemid. middlen. neuterneut. neuternom. nominativepart. participlepass. passiveperf. perfectpl. pluralpluperf. pluperfectposs. possessivepred. predicateprep. prepositionpres. presentprin. principalpron. pronounrel. relativesing. singularsubj. subjectsuppl. supplementarysubst. substantivetrans. transitivevoc. vocative



1

drill 2: The alphabet and pronunciation; Consonants, Vowels, diphthongs, Iota Subscripts and adscripts; rough

and Smooth Breathings; punctuation; Syllabification

A. next to the given model write each capital letter several times.

Α ____________________________________________________________________

Β ______________________________________________________________

Γ ____________________________________________________________________

Δ ____________________________________________________________________

Ε ____________________________________________________________________

Ζ ____________________________________________________________________

Η ___________________________________________________________________

Θ ____________________________________________________________________

Ι ____________________________________________________________________

Κ ____________________________________________________________________

Λ ____________________________________________________________________

Μ ___________________________________________________________________

Ν ____________________________________________________________________

Ξ ____________________________________________________________________

Ο ____________________________________________________________________



2 Introduction

Π ____________________________________________________________________

Ρ ____________________________________________________________________

Σ ____________________________________________________________________

a ____________________________________________________________________

Τ ____________________________________________________________________

Υ ___________________________________________________________________

Φ ____________________________________________________________________

Χ ____________________________________________________________________

Ψ ____________________________________________________________________

Ω ____________________________________________________________________

B. next to the given model write each lowercase letter several times. Try to make as many of the letters as possible with only one stroke of the pen—to make a β with one stroke, for example, start at the tail at the bottom.

α ____________________________________________________________________

β ____________________________________________________________________

γ ____________________________________________________________________

δ ____________________________________________________________________

ε ____________________________________________________________________

ζ ____________________________________________________________________

η ____________________________________________________________________



Drill2.AlphabetandPronunciation;Orthography 3

θ ____________________________________________________________________

ι ____________________________________________________________________

κ ____________________________________________________________________

λ ____________________________________________________________________

μ ____________________________________________________________________

ν ____________________________________________________________________

ξ ____________________________________________________________________

ο ____________________________________________________________________

π ____________________________________________________________________

ρ ____________________________________________________________________

σ ____________________________________________________________________

ς ____________________________________________________________________

b ____________________________________________________________________

τ ____________________________________________________________________

υ ____________________________________________________________________

φ ____________________________________________________________________

χ ____________________________________________________________________

ψ ____________________________________________________________________

ω ____________________________________________________________________



4 Introduction

C. recite the Greek alphabet from memory.

D. pronounce the following words. Where an accent mark (́ , ,̀ or )̂ appears above a letter, stress that syllable slightly.

1. βάρβαρος βάπτω βDς βίᾱ2. Βαβυλωνίᾱ Βάρκη Βάκχος Βυζάντιον3. γε γέρων γῆρας γλίσχρος 4. Γέλων Γῆ Γοργίᾱς Γοργώ5. τέγγω πάγκαλος λόγχη σφίγξ6. συγκομίζω λύγξ συγγενής τυγχάνω 7. διά δῆμος διαγιγνώσκω δόξα8. Δημήτηρ Δῆλος Διομήδης Δρακοντίδης 9. ζέω ζημίᾱ ζηλόω ζωγράφος 10. Ζάκυνθος ΖDν Ζέφυρος Ζωστήρ11. θάλαττα θάνατος θεός θνητός 12. Θέμις Θεμιστοκλῆς Θρασύμαχος Θρασυμηλίδᾱς13. κατά κάθαρσις κρMνω κόπτω 14. Κάδμος Καλλίμαχος Κλωθώ Κνωσός15. λέγω λήθη λιγυηχής λῑμός 16. Λαέρτης Λᾱομεδοντιάδης Λοξίᾱς Λῡσιστράτη17. μετά μήτηρ μνῆμα μοναρχίᾱ18. Μέγαρα Μενέλᾱος Μνημοσύνη Μυτιλήνη 19. νεκρόπολιb νέκταρ νόμοb νυμφόληπτοb 20. Νεοπτόλεμοb Νέbτωρ Νῑκίᾱb Νότοb21. ξανθόb ξενίᾱ ξεbτόb ξίφοb22. Ξανθίππη Ξάνθοb Ξενοφῶν Ξέρξηb23. παρά πατήρ πίbτιb πρόβλημα24. Πάριb Περbεφόνη Πρίαμοb Πῡθώ 25. bανδάλιον bκέλοb bοφόb bύbτημα 26. aαπφώ aικελίᾱ aκάμανδροb aπάρτη 27. σύν σκεπτικός σπονδή συλλήβδην28. Σαλαμίς Σίβυλλα Σοφοκλῆς Σωκρατίδιον29. πρεbβύτηb μίbγω δυbγενήb μίασμα 30. σμάραγδος σβέννῡμι Πελασγικός Λέσβος 31. τάφοb τέλοb τετράγωνον τῑμάω 32. Τάνταλοb Τάρταροb Τιbbαφέρνηb Τρώικοb 33. φημί φιλανθρωπίᾱ φῑτύω φῡbάω 34. Φερbέφαbbα Φθίᾱ Φιλοκτήτηb Φρυγίᾱ35. χάρισμα χθών χορόb χρῡbεοbάνδαλοb36. Χάοb Χίοb Χρέμων Χρῡbόπολιb37. ψηφίζω ψῑλόb ψοφομήδηb ψῡχρός 38. Ψαμμήτιχοb Ψάροb Ψῆττα Ψῡχή




E. divide the following words into syllables.

example: συν/τυ/χόν/τας

1. Κ ά δμ ος 2. π ά λ α ι 3. Ἅ ι δης 4. μ οῖρα 5. γ έ μ ε ι 6. ὁμ ο ῦ 7. π α ρά 8. π ό λ ι ς 9. οἰκ ί ᾱ 10. ἑ τα ῖρος 11. π α ι ά νω ν 12. θά να τος 13. θοά ζ ε τε 14. σ τε νά γ μ α τα 15. δ υσά λγ η τος 16. κ ρα τVνω ν 17. Λ α κ ε δα ιμ ό νι ος 18. Ἀθ η να ῖ ος19. δε ί σα ν τε ς 20. σ θέ νο ν τε ς 21. Θο υ κ υδί δης 22. ἀ τε ρ π έ σ τε ρο ν23. Π ε λ ο π ο ν ν ησ ί ω ν 24. ε ἰ σ κ α τα βα ί νω25. ε ἰρω νε ί ᾱ 26. ε ὐδα ι μ ο νί ᾱ

F. Fill in the blanks.

1. a Greek word has as many syllables as it has ______________________________________ .

2. only the last ______________________________ syllables of a Greek word may be accented.

3. The names of the last three syllables are:

last _________________________________________________________________

second to last __________________________________________________________

third to last ___________________________________________________________



6 Introduction

G. pronounce the following words. Slightly stress any syllable where an accent mark (́ , ,̀ or )̂ appears.

1. ἀγαθός ἄγκῡρα ἀδελφός ἀθλητής2. ἁβρός ἅγιος ἅζομαι ἅλλομαι 3. Bδολέσχης ἆθλον Bήρ Gκων4. Cλίζω Cμός ἇνδρες ἇσσον 5. Ἄδωνις Ἀθῆναι Ἀκαδήμεια Ἀλέξανδρος 6. Ἁλιαῖος Ἁλῶα Ἁρμόδιος Ἆγις 7. αἰαῖ αἰγίς αἶνος αἴρω8. αἷμα αἱμύλος αἵρεσις αἱρετικός 9. Αἴᾱς Αἴγυπτος Αἰνείᾱς Αἶα10. Αἵμων Αἱμονίδης Αἴσωπος Αἰσχύλος 11. ᾄδω ἀγορᾷ Θρᾴκη λάθρᾳ12. Ἅιδης ᾁδοφοῖται βίᾳ ῥᾴδιος 13. ἐγώ ἐθίζω ἔλεγχος ἔρως 14. ἕδρᾱ ἑκατόν ἑρμηνείᾱ ἕτερος 15. Ἐπιμηθεύς Ἐπίδαυρος Ἔρις Ἔφεσος16. Ἑκάβη Ἕκτωρ Ἑλένη Ἑρμῆς17. εἴδωλον εἶεν εἰρωνείᾱ εἰσκαταβαίνω18. εἷς εἱμαρμένος εἷλον εἷμα 19. Εἱλώτης Εἰλείθυια Εἰρέτρια Εἰρήνη20. εὐδαιμονίᾱ εὕδω εὖγε εὔνοια 21. βασιλεύς ψεῦδος παιδεύω σκευάζω 22. Εὔβοια Εὐκλείδης Εὔμαχος Εὐμενίδες 23. ἤδη ἦκα ἤπειρος ἠώς 24. ἥδομαι ἧλιξ ἥλιος ἡμέρᾱ25. Ἠετίων Ἦλις Ἠρίδανος Ἠχώ 26. Ἥβη Ἡρακλέης Ἡσίοδος Ἥφαιστος 27. ᾔκαζον ᾖσαν ᾕρημαι ᾕρηκεν 28. ηὔδᾱ ηὐξήθη ηὗρον ηὑρέθην 29. ἰᾱτρός ἴκταρ ἴον ἰσοσκελής 30. ἶβις Kός Pς ἶδος 31. ἱδρVω ἱερεύς ἵππος ἱστορίᾱ32. Rκω Rμερος ἷζον Lκετεύω 33. Ἰνδοί Ἰθάκη Ἴσθμια Ἴακχος 34. ῎Īλιον Ī̓νώ Ἶρις ῎Īδᾱ35. Ἱέρων ῞Īμέρᾱ ῞Īμερος ῎Īφιτος 36. ὀδούς ὀδύνη ὀφθαλμός ὄφις37. ὅδε ὁμολογῶ ὁρῶ ὅρκους38. Ὀδυσσεύς Ὀρέστης ὈτDνης Ὀρτυγί39. οἰκίᾱ οἶκος οἴμοι οἶνος 40. Οἰδίπους Οἰνεύς Οἰνόμαος Οἰταῖοι 41. οὖδας οὐδέποτε οὐλόμενον οὐσίᾱ




42. οὕνεκα οὗτος οὗμος οὑκ43. οἷος Ὅμηρος Οὐρανός Οὐκαλέγων 44. ῥάβδος ῥέγκω ῥῑπή ῥυθμός 45. Ῥαδάμανθυς Ῥαμνοῦς Ῥέᾱ Ῥόδος46. ὕμνος ὑπέρ Uμεῖς ὗς 47. Ὕλλος ὙρκDνιοι Ὑστάσπης Ὑψήνωρ 48. ὠδMνω ὦπται ὠφέλιμος ὤψ49. ὠθέω ὠκυδρόμος ὥρᾱ ὥσπερ50. Ὠκεανός Ὠρείθυια ὨρMων Ὦτος51. ᾠδή νήσῳ Ὠιδεῖον δῴη

H. pronounce the following words. Slightly stress any syllable where an accent mark (́ , ,̀ or )̂ appears.

1. βρεκεκεκὲξ κοὰξ κοάξ 2. ὀτοτοτοτοῖ3. ἰοὺ ἰού 4. βαβαιάξ 5. ξυνταλαιπωρήσομεν 6. καταψευδομαρτυρηθείη 7. γλισχραντιλογεξεπίτριπτος 8. Νεφελοκοκκῡγίᾱ9. περικονδυλοπωροφίλα 10. ψαμμακοσιογάργαρα

I. pronounce the following short sentences.

1. γνῶθι σαυτόν. (plato, Protagoras 343b3) 2. δὶς παῖδες οἱ γέροντες. (aristophanes, Clouds 1417) 3. μηδὲν ἄγᾱν. (euripides, Hippolytus 265)4. ψῡχὴ πᾶσα ἀθάνατος. (plato, Phaedrus 245c5)5. νόμος ὁ πάντων βασιλεύς θνᾱτῶν τε καὶ ἀθανάτων . . . (pindar, frag. 169, 1–2)

J. read the following passages out loud.

1. Θουκυδίδης Ἀθηναῖος ξυνέγραψε τὸν πόλεμον τῶν Πελοποννησίων καὶ Ἀθηναίων, ὡς ἐπολέμησαν πρὸς ἀλλήλους, ἀρξάμενος εὐθὺς καθισταμένου καὶ ἐλπίσᾱς μέγαν τε ἔσεσθαι καὶ ἀξιολογώτατον τῶν προγεγενημένων, τεκμαιρόμενος ὅτι ἀκμάζοντές τε ᾖσαν ἐς αὐτὸν ἀμφότεροι παρασκευῇ τῇ πDσῃ καὶ τὸ ἄλλο Ἑλληνικὸν ὁρῶν ξυνιστάμενον πρὸς ἑκατέρους, τὸ μὲν εὐθύς, τὸ δὲ καὶ διανοούμενον. κMνησις γὰρ αὕτη μεγίστη δὴ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐγένετο καὶ μέρει τινὶ τῶν βαρβάρων, ὡς δὲ εἰπεῖν καὶ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἀνθρώπων. (Thucydides, Histories I.1)

2. καὶ ἐς μὲν ἀκρόᾱσιν ἴσως τὸ μὴ μυθῶδες αὐτῶν ἀτερπέστερον φανεῖται· ὅσοι δὲ βουλήσονται τῶν τε γενομένων τὸ σαφὲς σκοπεῖν καὶ τῶν μελλόντων ποτὲ αὖθις κατὰ τὸ ἀνθρώπινον τοιούτων καὶ παραπλησίων ἔσεσθαι, ὠφέλιμα κρMνειν αὐτὰ ἀρκούντως ἕξει. κτῆμά τε ἐς αἰεὶ μᾶλλον ἢ ἀγώνισμα ἐς τὸ παραχρῆμα ἀκούειν ξύγκειται. (Thucydides, Histories I.22)



8 Introduction

K. on a separate sheet of lined paper, copy the following passages, writing on every other line. Be sure to copy all long marks, accents, breathings, and subscripts. after copying each passage, read it out loud.

1. Πολλάκις ἐθαύμασα τίσι ποτὲ λόγοις Ἀθηναίους ἔπεισαν οἱ γραψάμενοι Σωκράτην ὡς ἄξιος εἴη θανάτου τῇ πόλει. ἡ μὲν γὰρ γραφὴ κατ’ αὐτοῦ τοιάδε τις ἦν· Ἀδικεῖ Σωκράτης οὓς μὲν ἡ πόλις νομίζει θεοὺς οὐ νομίζων, ἕτερα δὲ καινὰ δαιμόνια εἰσφέρων· ἀδικεῖ δὲ καὶ τοὺς νέους διαφθείρων. (Xenophon, Memora-bilia I.1.1)

2. ὦ χαῖρε λαμπτὴρ νυκτόb, ἡμερήbιον φάοb πιφαύbκων καὶ χορῶν κατάbταbιν πολλῶν ἐν Ἄργει τῆbδε bυμφορᾶb χάριν. ἰοὺ ἰού· Ἀγαμέμνονοb γυναικὶ bημαίνω τορῶb εὐνῆb ἐπαντείλᾱbαν ὡb τάχοb δόμοιb ὀλολυγμὸν εὐφημοῦντα τῇδε λαμπάδι ἐπορθιάζειν, εἴπερ ᾿Īλίου πόλιb ἑDλωκεν, ὡb ὁ φρυκτὸb ἀγγέλων πρέπει· (aeschylus, Agamemnon 22–30)



Drill3.PossibilitiesofAccent 9

drill 3: accentuation 1: The possibilities of accent

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. List the three kinds of accents and show how each is written:

_________________________________ ________________________________

_________________________________ ________________________________

_________________________________ ________________________________

2. If an antepenult is accented, the accent must be _____________________________ , and the

ultima must be _____________________.

3. a circumflex may/may not (circle one) appear over a short vowel.

4. If a penult is long and is to be accented with a circumflex, the ultima must be long/short (circle one).

5. a grave accent may appear only over the __________________________________ and only

when _________________________________________________________.

B. Write down from memory the six rules for the possibilities of accent.

1. ____________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________________

6. ____________________________________________________________________



10 Introduction

C. applying the rules above, for each word place the correct accent on the indicated syllable.

example: φρονησις (antepenult) φρόνησις

1. π α ι δα (penult) 2. θα να τος (antepenult)3. ἐ π ι σ τ ημ η (penult) 4. λ ο γο υς (penult)5. μ η τ ηρ (penult) 6. ἱ π π ο ν (penult)7. κ α τ η γορος (antepenult) 8. τε ιχος (penult)9. σ υ νο υσ ι ᾱ (penult) 10. πρᾱ γ μ α τα (antepenult)11. θ ηρι ο ν (penult) 12. π λ ηθος (penult)

D. applying the rules above, cross out the incorrectly accented word in each pair and state why the ac-cent is not possible.

example: ἀνὰγκη, ἀνάγκη The grave accent appears only over the ultima (rule 1).

1. θεός, θεο̂ς _____________________________________________________________

2. κίνδῡνου, κινδVνου _______________________________________________________

3. οἴκος, οἶκος ____________________________________________________________

4. σοφίᾱ, σόφιᾱ ___________________________________________________________

5. ἡμε̂ρᾱν, ἡμέρᾱν _________________________________________________________

6. Σῶκρατες, Σώκρατες _____________________________________________________

7. πεῖρα, πείρα ____________________________________________________________

8. στρατηγοῦ, στράτηγου ____________________________________________________

9. ἀπόλῡετε, ἀπολVετε _______________________________________________________

10. πόνους, πὸνους _________________________________________________________

11. χαίρε, χαῖρε ____________________________________________________________

12. ἐγέγραφει, ἐγεγράφει _____________________________________________________



Drill3.PossibilitiesofAccent 11

E. In the following phrases and sentences, circle the incorrect accents and explain why they are incor-rect. Then rewrite the phrase with the correct accents.

1. ἀ λ λ ὰ το ύς θε ο ύς δι ὰ τά το ύ τω ν α ὐ τά σ ημ α ί νε ι ν . . .

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

2. ο ὐδὲ τά π ε ρί τ ῆς δίκ ης ἄ ρα ἐ π ύθε σ θε ὅ ν τρό π ο ν ἐ γ έ νε το;

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3. ἅ μ ὲ ν μ αθό ν τα ς π οι ε ῖ ν ἒ δοσα ν οἱ θε ο ὶ , μ α ν θά νε ι ν . . .

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________



13

drill 5: persistent accent

A. Write down from memory the six rules for the possibilities of accent.

1. ____________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________________

6. ____________________________________________________________________

B. The persistent accent for each of these nouns is given by the first form. observing the rules for the possibilities of accent, correctly accent the other forms in each series. assume a pause at the end of each word. Be ready to explain your answers.

1. νόμος νομ οι ς νομ ο ν νομ ο υ

2. ὄνομα ὀ νομ α τα ὀ νομ α τω ν ὀ νομ α τος

3. θάλαττα θα λ α τ τα ν θα λ α τ τ ῃ θα λ α τ τα ι ς

4. τέχνη τε χ ν ης τε χ ν η ν τε χ νᾱ ς

5. ῥήτωρ ῥ η τορα ῥ η τορω ν ῥ η τορ

6. Γαῖα Γα ι ᾱ ς Γα ι α ν Γα ι ᾳ

7. πρᾶγμα πρᾱ γ μ α τ ι πρᾱ γ μ α σ ι πρᾱ γ μ α τω ν

8. φιλοσοφίᾱ φι λ οσοφι ᾳ φι λ οσοφι ᾱ ν φι λ οσοφι ᾱ ς

9. υἱός υ ἱ οι υἱ ο ν υἱ ο υς

10. σπονδή σ π ο νδα ι σ π ο νδᾱ ς σ π ο νδη ν

11. πῆμα π ημ α τω ν π ημ α τα π ημ α σ ι ν

12. Παλλάς Πα λ λ α δος Πα λ λ α δα Πα λ λ α δι



14 Chapter1

13. τέκνον τε κ να τε κ νοι ς τε κ νο υ

14. ζεῦγος ζ ε υ γο υς ζ ε υ γ ε ι ζ ε υ γ η

15. Ἄτλας Ἀτλ α ν τος Ἀτλ α ν τα Ἀτλ α ν τ ι

16. ἄγγελος ἀ γ γ ε λ ε ἀ γ γ ε λ ο ν ἀ γ γ ε λ ῳ

17. βίος βι οι ς βι ο υ βι ο ν

18. μοῦσα μ ο υσᾱ ς μ ο υσα ι ς μ ο υσα ν

19. δῶρον δωρα δωρο υ δωροι ς

20. ἀρετή ἀ ρε τᾱ ς ἀ ρε τ η ν ἀ ρε τα ι

21. γένος γ ε ν η γ ε νο υς γ ε νε σ ι ν

22. γεωργός γ ε ωρ γοι γ ε ωρ γο υς γ ε ωρ γ ε

23. μοῖρα μ οιρᾱ ς μ οιρα ν μ οιρᾳ

24. στάδιον σ τα δι α σ τα δι ο υ σ τα δι οι ς

25. Ἀλέξανδρος Ἀ λ ε ξ α νδρο υ Ἀ λ ε ξ α νδρε Ἀ λ ε ξ α νδρο ν

26. οἶνος οἰ νο ν οἰ νω ν οἰ νοι ς

27. χρῆμα χ ρ ημ α τ ι χ ρ ημ α τα χ ρ ημ α τω ν

28. Φοῖβος Φοι β ο υ Φοι βῳ Φοι βε

29. πόνος π ο νο υ π ο νῳ π ο νο ν

30. Κυθέρεια Κ υθε ρε ι ᾱ ς Κ υθε ρε ι α ν Κ υθε ρε ι ᾳ



15

drill 6: The Greek noun

Fill in the blanks.

1. The three properties of the Greek noun are , , and

.

2. recite from memory the names of the five cases of the Greek noun in order. Then write next to each abbreviation the full name of each case and its basic function(s).

nom. _________________________________________________________________

Gen. __________________________________________________________________

dat. __________________________________________________________________

acc. __________________________________________________________________

Voc. __________________________________________________________________

3. The idea of means or instrument is expressed in Greek by the case and

is translated with the english prepositions or . In Greek a preposition would/

would not (circle one) be used.

4. Greek uses the case to express the subject of a sentence.

5. “From” indicates an idea of and is expressed

in Greek by the case.

6. In the sentence “The girl will become a woman” the syntax of woman would be

.



16 Chapter1

7. Location in space or time is expressed in Greek by the case.

8. The direct object of a verb appears in Greek in the case.

9. In the sentence “I am going toward the city,” the word city would be expressed in Greek by the

case and would/would not (circle one) be preceded by a preposition.

10. In the phrase “the horses of achilles” the syntax of of Achilles in Greek would be

.

11. “To” and “for” are english prepositions that would be used to translate a Greek noun in the

case whose syntax is .

12. The vocative case is used for .



17

drill 7–8: The Three declensions; The First declension

A. Fill in the blanks.

1. There are families of nouns in Greek, and they are called

____________________________________________________________________ .

2. a full vocabulary entry for a Greek noun contains four elements:

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3. nouns ending in -ᾱ, -ᾱς or -η, -ης in their vocabulary entries belong to the declension.

4. When one generates a complete set of forms of a noun, one is said to ______________________ that noun.

5. To find the stem of most Greek nouns __________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ .

6. Most nouns of the first declension are in gender. Some are ,

and there are no nouns in the first declension.

7. The accent on nouns is persistent, but one additional rule of accent for all first-declension nouns is that

in the genitive plural _____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________ .



18 Chapter1

8. The -αι ending in the nominative/vocative plural of all first-declension nouns counts as _________

for purposes of accent.

9. If a first-declension noun has an acute accent on the ultima in the nominative/vocative singular, the ac-

cent on the ultima in the genitive and dative singular and plural is a .

10. In attic Greek, long alpha remained in first-declension nouns whose stems end in ,

, and . For all other nouns long alpha changed

to .

B. recite from memory all the endings singular and plural for long-alpha nouns of the first declension.

C. on a separate sheet decline fully συμφορD and χώρᾱ. decline σοφίᾱ in the singular only.

D. recite from memory all the endings singular and plural for eta nouns of the first declension.

E. on a separate sheet decline fully βουλή and γνώμη. decline Ἑλένη in the singular only.

F. Write these forms in Greek.

example: gen. sing. of δίκη δίκης

1. dat. pl. of μάχη ____________________ 2. acc. sing. of εἰρήνη ______________________

3. voc. sing. of Ἑλένη _________________ 4. gen. pl. of οἰκίᾱ ________________________

5. gen. sing. of βουλή _________________ 6. acc. pl. of γνώμη _______________________

7. voc. pl. of ψῡχή ___________________ 8. dat. sing. of ἀγορD ______________________

9. nom. pl. of χώρᾱ __________________ 10. gen. pl. of δίκη ________________________



Drill7–8.TheThreeDeclensions;FirstDeclension 19

11. acc. sing. of σοφίᾱ 12. nom. pl. of γνώμη

13. gen. sing. of οἰκίᾱ 14. dat. sing. of συμφορD

15. acc. pl. of δίκη 16. dat. sing. of Ἑλένη

17. gen. sing. of εἰρήνη 18. nom. pl. of μάχη

19. acc. sing. of ἀγορD 20. gen. pl. of χώρᾱ

G. Identify each form by case, number, and gender; then translate. Give all possibilities.

example: χώρᾱν acc. sing. fem. “country (d.o.)”

1. βουλῆς _______________________________________________________________

2. συμφοραῖς ____________________________________________________________

3. εἰρήνῃ _______________________________________________________________

4. ψῡχαί _______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

5. οἰκιῶν _______________________________________________________________

6. γνώμᾱς ______________________________________________________________

7. σοφίᾳ ________________________________________________________________

8. Ἑλένη _______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

9. χώρᾱς _______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

10. ἀγορDν ______________________________________________________________



20 Chapter1

11. ψῡχῇ ________________________________________________________________

12. γνῶμαι ______________________________________________________________

13. σοφίᾱν ______________________________________________________________

14. μαχῶν ______________________________________________________________

15. εἰρήνην ______________________________________________________________

16. οἰκίᾱς _______________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

17. χώρᾱ ________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

18. Ἑλένης ______________________________________________________________

19. ἀγορᾷ _______________________________________________________________

20. μάχῃ _______________________________________________________________

H. Write in Greek.

1. for a country _______________________ 2. of souls ___________________________

3. Helen! (d.a.) _______________________ 4. of peace __________________________

5. opinion (d.o.) ______________________ 6. lands (subj.) ________________________

7. for Helen _________________________ 8. by misfortune ______________________

9. of houses _________________________ 10. peace (subj.) _______________________

11. by means of justice __________________ 12. circumstances (d.o.) __________________



Drill7–8.TheThreeDeclensions;FirstDeclension 21

13. council (d.o.) ______________________ 14. with wisdom ______________________

15. of a misfortune _____________________ 16. Helen (d.o.) _______________________

17. by opinions _______________________ 18. soul (d.o.) _________________________

19. with peace ________________________ 20. battles (d.o.) _______________________

I. Give the full vocabulary entry for these nouns.

example: soul ψῡχή, ψῡχη̂ς, ἡ

1. disaster ______________________________________________________________

2. peace ________________________________________________________________

3. house ________________________________________________________________

4. council ______________________________________________________________

5. Helen _______________________________________________________________

6. wisdom ______________________________________________________________

7. marketplace ___________________________________________________________

8. opinion ______________________________________________________________

9. land _________________________________________________________________

10. battle _______________________________________________________________

11. justice _______________________________________________________________

12. soul ________________________________________________________________



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