CLASS 1 & 2 ORAL ANSWERS ( PART 14) Approaching buoy at Japan Japan is in region-B . First buoy will normally be a safe water mark as a landfall buoy. Lateral marks will be region-B, red to starboard and green to port while following conventional direction . NORTH cardinal buoy ahead at 000ºT course It is already in danger area. Helm to hard over (port or starboard). Go in reciprocal course immediately. Call master, if the buoy is not on the chart. After about two miles, alter course about 045°T. Pass the buoy abeam. Resume the original course. 1
Transcript
CLASS 1 & 2 ORAL ANSWERS ( PART 14)
Approaching buoy at JapanJapan is in region-B.First buoy will normally be a safe water mark as a landfall buoy.Lateral marks will be region-B, red to starboard and green to port while following conventional direction.
NORTH cardinal buoy ahead at 000ºT course
It is already in danger area.Helm to hard over (port or starboard).Go in reciprocal course immediately.Call master, if the buoy is not on the chart.After about two miles, alter course about 045°T.Pass the buoy abeam.Resume the original course.
Alter course to starboard.Pass the buoy safe distance (about 2 cables) on port side.Resume course after the buoy is cleared.
Buoys region
Their are two buoys regions: A and B.In the two regions, colors and lights of lateral marks are reversed.In region A, green buoys to starboard and red to port, when following conventional direction. In region B, green to port and red to starboard.
Region-A:
Europe, Asia (Except Japan, Korea, Philippines), Australia, Africa.
North and South Americas, Japan, Philippines, Korea.
Special mark
Marks not preliminarily intended to assist navigation.Indicates a special area or feature.Exact nature is obtained from the appropriate nautical documents.
Can be used for:
Ocean data acquisition system (ODAS) buoys.Traffic separation marks where use of conventional channel may cause confusion.Spoil ground marks.Military exercise zone marks.Cable or pipeline marks.Recreation zone marks.Channel between a channel such as limits of a deep water route in a normal route.
Color:
Yellow color.
Topmark:
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CLASS 1 & 2 ORAL ANSWERS ( PART 14)
Single X shape.Yellow in color.Optional.
Shape:
Optional.Not to conflict with navigational marks.
Light:
Yellow light.Rhythm may be any, other than used used for cardinal, isolated danger or safe water marks.
Symbols used in admiralty charts:
Photographs:
Isolated danger mark
Marked, erected or moored on or above a danger of limited extent.Has navigable water around it.
Can be used for
Dangers of limited extend such as a wreck, rock.
Color:
Black with one or more broad horizontal red band.
Topmark:
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Special mark. Special mark (can)
CLASS 1 & 2 ORAL ANSWERS ( PART 14)
Two black spheres, one above the other.
Shape:
Optional.Not conflicting with lateral marks.Preferably pillar or spar.
Lights:
White light.Group flashes 2.
Symbols used in admiralty charts:
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CLASS 1 & 2 ORAL ANSWERS ( PART 14)
Photographs:
Safe water markIndicates navigable water all around it.May be used to mark centerline of a channel.May be used for a mid channel buoy.May be used as a landfall buoy.May indicate the best point of passage under a fixed bridge.
Topmark:
Red spherical topmark is used, if the buoy is not spherical.Fitted whenever practicable.
Colour
They will always be red and white vertical stripes.
Shape
Safe water buoys are either spherical, pillar or spar buoys, with a red ball as a topmark.
Light
White lights are used in any of the following rhythm:
Iso. Isophase or equal period of light and darkness. Oc. Occulting or duration of light is more than duration of darkness. LFl.10s. A long flash (at least 2 sec) every 10 seconds.
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Isolated danger mark.
CLASS 1 & 2 ORAL ANSWERS ( PART 14)
MoA. Flashes the Morse code for the letter A, one short then a long flash.
Admiralty chart symbol:
New danger mark
Used to indicate a newly discovered hazard to navigation.The danger is not yet shown on charts or included in sailing directions.The danger is not yet sufficiently promulgated by notices to mariners.The term covers naturally occurring obstructions such as sandbanks or rocks.It may be also man made dangers such as wrecks.
Marking:
One or more cardinal or lateral marks may be used.If dangers are especially grave, at least one of the marks are duplicated.
Light:
A quick or very quick light if lit.If cardinal mark, it will exhibit white light.
If lateral mark, it will exhibit red or green light.
Racon:
A racon of morse code D, showing a signal length of one nautical mile may be used.
Preferred channel mark A modified lateral mark.Used where a channel splits into a major and a minor channel, to a same
destination.This system does not provide for a preferred channel mark where the channels rejoin.These have both red and green coloring, but the main color is that for the major channel.The coloring for the minor channel is only a stripe.
Colors:
Red and green colors used for preferred channel marks.In region-A, a preferred channel to starboard is indicated by a port hand red color buoy with a green band.In region-B, a preferred channel to starboard is indicated by a port hand green buoy with a red band.
Topmark:
Optional.Port hand marks (Preferred channel to starboard) carry can shape topmark.Starboard hands (Preferred channel to port) carry cone shape.
Light:
When exhibited, red and green lights are used.These buoys use Fl(2+1)R and Fl(2+1)G .
Admiralty chart symbol:
Preferred channel to stbd
Preferred channel to port
Preferred channel to stbd
Preferred channel to port
Region-A (Unlit) Region-B (Lit)
Photograph:
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Preferred channel to port (Region-A)
Preferred channel to port (Region-B)
Lateral marksUsed for a well defined channel.Used in conjunction with conventional direction of buoys.Indicate port and starboard sides of the route to be followed.
Lateral marks in Region-A
Colour
If you are following the conventional direction, you will have green buoys to starboard and red buoys to port.
Lights:Red buoys will have red lights, green buoys green lights.May have any rhythm other than composite group flashing.Same as region-A.
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CLASS 1 & 2 ORAL ANSWERS ( PART 14)
Admiralty chart symbols:
LANBY
Large Automatic Navigational Buoy
A very large light-buoy.Used as an alternative to a light-vesselUsed to mark offshore positions important to the mariner. Lanbys vary in size up to a displacement of 140 tonnes and a diameter or height of 12 m. Radiobeacons, racons or radar reflectors may be fitted to them. Full details of lanbys are given in Admiralty List of Lights.
Conventional direction of buoys
Local direction
Direction taken by the mariner when approaching a harbor, river, estuary or other waterway from seaward.
General direction
Determined by the buoys authorities.Based whenever possible on the principle of following clockwise direction around continents.Usually given in Admiralty Sailing Directions and, if necessary, indicated on charts by appropriate symbol.
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Various rhythms of light
Flashing:
Duration of light is less than duration of darkness.
Symbol: Fl
Example: Fl 10s (Flashing, 10 sec. )
Occulting:
Duration of light is more than the duration of darkness.
