167
ECOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE BARROW NAVIGATION Part 2 Conservation Management Plan Phragmites communis opw 1994 Oifit 1'aihli The Office a/"1'ablic Works
ECOLOGICAL SURVEY
OF THE
BARROW NAVIGATION
Part 2Conservation
Management Plan
Phragmites communis
opw 1994
Oifit 1'aihliThe Office a/"1'ablic Works
u'-1L]
l
L
-1U
17
ECOLOGICAL SURVEYOF THE
BARROW NAVIGATION
PART 2: Conservation Management Plan 1992/93.
Prepared for:The Waterways Division
andThe National Parks and Wildlife Service
of The Office of Public Works.
1994.
ByMarie DromeyBrigid JohnstonSinead Keane
rlU
U
r7U
7]
U
rl
rlU
CONTENTS
I1
7u
El
MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT
METHODS AND DEFINITIONS
MAP OF THE BARROW NAVIGATION
INDEX FOR 25 INCH MAPS along the Barrow NavigationINDEX FOR 6 INCH MAPS along the Barrow Navigation
CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES ALONG EACHSTRETCH OF THE BARROW NAVIGATION (with 25 inch maps)
PAGEii
ii
ix
x
xiixiii
Athy (Barrow Line) - Ardreigh Lock km B46-BN 1 1
El Ardreigh Lock - Bunberry's Bridge km BN 2-BN 4 3
Bunberry's Br. - Tankardstown Br. km BN 4-BN 6 6
km BN 6-BN10Br- Ma aneTankardstown Br 9
:1.g y.
Maganey Br. - Bestfield Lock km BN10-BN16 12Bestfield Lock - Carlow Lock km BN16-BN19 15Carlow Lock - Fushoge River km BN19-BN23 17Fushoge River - Milford Lock km BN23-BN27 19Milford Lock - Rathvindon Lock km BN27-BN31 21
rl Rathvindon Lock - Leighlinbridge km BN31-BN32 24U Leighlinbridge - Bagenalstown Lock km BN32-BN37 26
Bagenalstown Lock - Fenniscourt Lock km BN37-BN40 28ellin Lock km BN40-BN45r BallFenniscourt Lock - U 31
Elp . y
Upr. Ballyellin Lock - Lr. Ballyellin Lock km BN45-BN48 34Lr. Ballyellin Lock - Ballingrane Lock km BN48-BN55 36
h km BN55-BN60uenamanarane Lock - GraiBallin 39El
gggGraiguenamanagh - Lr. Tinnahinch Lock km BN61-BN63 42Lr. Tinnahinch Lock - St. Mullins km BN63-BN69 44
rlu
El
6 INCH MAPS OF THE BARROW NAVIGATION
71
El
t__1
i
rl
El
MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVESu1.1 To ensure that nature conservation requirements
are fully integrated into the maintenance anddevelopment of the waterways network.
'--1 1.2 To maintain the habitat diversity of thewaterways system, and to increase it where possible.
1.3 To highlight the contribution of differentEl
rlLJ
management practices in maintaining habitat diversityon the waterways system.
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT
2.1 MAINTENANCEEl
2.1.1 General
Because of the conservation value of the waterways afull-time ecologist should be employed by the WaterwaysSection of The Office of Public Works.
LJ
2.1.2 Dredging
General
The river channel should only be dredged in shortsections (of not more than 5 km) to allow the vegetationto recolonise from adjacent lengths.
ElHydraulic machinery should be used where possible -
i e where wide bank verges exist alon the river and inEl
. . g gthe canal cuts - as it is more selective and flexible thandrag-line dredgers.
El Spoil deposited between the bank and the towpathshould be spread evenly over the bank verge vegetation as
17
v
17
17
s
soon as it has dried out.
Where possible - i.e. where wide bank verges existalong the river - the floating dredger should deposit thespoil on these banks.
Dredging should be minimised during the months Marchto May to avoid the main growing season and to reducedisturbance to nesting birds of the banks and hedgerow.
Natural revegetation of dredging spoil should bemonitored annually to decide the best form of management.
ii
El
J
L_1
rlLJ
E1
E1
v^lUr--ul
I
El
E1
El
El
EJ
E1
El
El
E1
5
El
E1
LJ
Protection of reed fringe
When dredging the boundary drain (which contains fishas well as many species of invertebrates) ensure that reedfringe remains along one bank.
Dredging of the canal cuts should be carried out fromone bank only leaving a wide band of marginal vegetationon the offside.
In sections where the only surviving reedbeds are onthe towpath side of the canal cuts the floating dredgershould be used to avoid damaging the marginal vegetation.
Spoil deposition
All spoil should be deposited on the bank verge andlevelled.
Spoil rich in nutrients should not be dumped on thesmall areas of unimproved grasslands along the canal banksand Barrow trackway as these sites are botanically therarest and most diverse.
Nutrient-rich spoil should be deposited on the widebank verges which are found along much of the river. Thefloating dredger is suited to this type of work.
Nutrient-poor gravelly spoil from the fast-flowingriver may be spread thinly and evenly on the towpath.
Spoil from the canal cuts should be deposited on theislands and island embankments especially where there isscrub present.
Control of plant growth on spoil
The growth of coarse vegetation is quite vigorous onspoil deposition sites and often extends out on to thetowpath. In these areas the early colonising plantsshould be mowed at least twice in the first year and thecuttings removed. In subsequent years, provided there isno further deposition of spoil, a single late summermowing should be sufficient.
In areas where scrub is desirable no management isnecessary.
2.1.3 Control of plant growth along banks which areliable to flooding.
The deposition of silt (nutrient-rich) as a result offlooding encourages vigorous growth of coarse vegetation.
iii
El
Lj
E1
LJ
E1
E1
E1
D
EI
El
rlL_J
EI
E1
El
17
El
El
El
El
El
El
E1
El
Along the trackway this vegetation can be cut twice ayear, and the cuttings removed. The bank and boundaryverges should be mowed once a year and the cuttingsremoved. This will remove nutrients from the system.
Giant Hogweed has been spreading along the banks ofthe Barrow Navigation in recent years, in particular alonglow banks liable to flooding. Vegetation is washed awayat times of flood, especially where the water swirls aboutunder saplings. When it dries out this bare ground isreadily colonised by Giant Hogweed, the seeds of which areoften carried in the water. Spray treatment using asolution of Roundup has been shown to be the mosteffective method of control, and the spraying programmeshould be continued. These plants are not to be cut asthey will sprout new shoots.
2.1.4 Bankside trees
Trimming
Tree cutting should be avoided during the months ofMarch to July to reduce disturbance to nesting birds anddamage during the main growing season.
Removal of overhanging branches should be confined tothose which obstruct navigation and walking.
Pollarding is a suitable management method forWillows along the river bank. Young growth is trimmedeach year at a height of 2m from the ground producing asolid stem and a crown of young growth.
Coppicing is suitable for management of shrubs oryoung Hazel, Willow and Alder trees where access formachinery is necessary. Trunks are cut close to theground using a slanting cut which sheds rainwater.Branches regenerate from the base or stool.
Selective removal of trees
Removal of trees should be confined to the wintermonths to minimise disruption of plant communities anddisturbance to nesting birds.
Priority should be given to removal of exotic orintroduced species such as conifers or Sycamore. Nativespecies such as Alder, Willow, Ash etc. should be retainedwhere possible.
Cut stumps may need to be spot-treated with herbicideto prevent re-growth where tree or shrubs are to beremoved from the system altogether.
iv
rlU
n
El
E1
E1
E1
El
U
E1
El
E1
E1
v
E1
El
El
El
E1
El
El
E1
El
E1
2.1.5 Scrub
Scrub clearance should not be carried out as a matterof course, but only where necessary for maintenance.
Clearance of scrub should be avoided during themonths of March to July to reduce disturbance to nestingbirds.
Scrub along the canal cuts should not be cleared fromboth banks at the same time. Instead the vegetation onthe first bank should be allowed to stabilise before anywork is carried out on the second bank.
2.1.6 Hedgerows
Management methods
Hedgerows should be trimmed in short lengths on a twoto three year rotation.
Trimming should be carried out in the months ofOctober to February to avoid damage to growing shrubs anddisturbance of nesting birds.
Hedgerow trees should be protected from damage duringtrimming and some young saplings should be allowed to growto maturity.
If using a flail cutter care should be taken to directit at young growth. If used on thick old branches it willshred and tear them leaving branches that are susceptibleto dieback and fungal attack.
Replanting
Preference should be given in replanting programmesto the use of native tree and shrub species such as thosewhich grow naturally in the surrounding countryside.
Planting of shrubs and trees should be done in autumnor spring, but not during severe frosts.
2.1.7 Grassland
Mowing
Mowing can be used to maintain grassland on thetowpath and verges.
A footpath 1.5m wide can be cut through grasslands inMay/June if necessary to provide pedestrian access. A
v
E1
D
E1
71
E1
s
U
5
E1
0
5
5
El
El
5
El
5
El
5
wider band (2-3m) consisting of towpath, bank and boundaryverges should be cut in August/September.
All hay or other cut vegetation should be removedfrom the towpath to maintain the low nutrient status ofthe grassland. Methods/machinery for combined cutting andremoval should be investigated and experimental trialscarried out.
Plant species colonising bare ground afterdisturbance of the towpath may need to be controlled bymore frequent mowing during the first 2 to 3 years.
Recommendations for the management of grasslands onnutrient-rich spoil are in Sections 2.1.2 and 2.1.3
Herbicides
In general, herbicides should not be used as thesemay damage non-target grassland species. Spot treatmentof woody plants and Giant Hogweed may be used asnecessary.
2.1.8 Aquatic vegetation
Environmental control
The level of boat traffic is likely to increase, andthis will help to keep the navigation channel clear ofplant growth.
Reducing to the minimum the input of plant nutrientsby controlling/monitoring all possible sources ofpollution will help to control the spread of invasiveplant species.
Mechanical cutting
Cutting in the canal cuts should be carried out earlyin the year using a boat-mounted cutter.
Cutting should be limited to the central navigationchannel leaving marginal vegetation fringes as intact aspossible.
Decomposing aquatic plants can release a veryunpleasant odour and should be disposed of away from thecanal and used as compost.
Herbicides
Herbicides should only be used where all othermethods of controlling plant growth have been tried andhave failed.
vi
El
D
E1
El
E1
E1
El
E1
E1
Li
E1
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
E1
El
El
Herbicides must not be used on stretches of the canalthat support protected plant or animal species, or inthose areas which have been identified as containing ahigh diversity of aquatic life.
Herbicides must be used early in the growing season,as the decomposition of a large amount of vegetation inthe channel could result in serious deoxygenation of thewater.
Biological control
The introduction of herbivorous fish such as GrassCarp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is not allowed in thiscountry.
The use of Barley Straw on the Grand and Royal Canalshas proved successful in the treatment of algae. Thismethod could not be used on the river channel of theBarrow, where the fluctuating water levels and increasedflows would limit its success. Trials could however becarried out on the canal cuts of the Barrow Navigation.
2.1.9 Masonry
The vegetation growing on stone walls and similarstructures adds to the diversity of the system. Plantswhich could damage the structures (eg Ivy, Ash, Sycamoreor Bramble) should be removed. Smaller, less vigorousplants typical of stone walls should not be removed.
Use only mechanical methods to clean and maintainstonework. Herbicides should not be used as they mayenter the water and have damaging effects of aquaticplants.
2.1.10 Water quality
All direct discharges to the system should bemonitored to ensure early detection of pollutionincidents.
An effort should be made to ensure that all townsdischarging domestic and industrial waste to the BarrowRiver should have secondary or tertiary treatment plantsinstalled.
Regulations should be drafted to ensure that boatsuse the pump-out facilities at Athy, Carlow andGraiguenamanagh.
vii
El
.J
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
3
E1
E1
LI
El
E1
E1
El
.7
17
r--J
L__1
vE1
17
El
2.2 RECREATIONAL MANAGEMENT
2.2.1 Boat traffic
Speed limits should be strictly enforced for all boattraffic to prevent damage to the banks of canal cuts fromwash.
Regulations regarding permits and mooring must bestrictly enforced to prevent ecological damage at siteswhere large numbers of boats are found in a small area.
Regulations should be drafted to ensure that boatsuse the pump-out facilities at Athy, Carlow andGraiguenamanagh.
2.2.2 Angling
The OPW do not own or manage the fishery on theBarrow Navigation. However the OPW does assist with theprovision of easy access to the water for the fishermen bycutting swims. Limits should be placed on theinterference with bank vegetation to facilitate anglers.
Weirs should be kept clear of excess vegetation so asnot to hinder salmon in their movements upstream.
Herbicide spraying should not be used as a fisheriesmanagement method.
Angling may need to restricted in certainecologically sensitive areas or at certain times of yearto avoid disturbance to birds.
viii
El
r?
El
E1
E1
E1
LI
D
E1
El
r-I
El
sE1
El
r-I
El
5
55E1
El
METHODS
The river corridor was surveyed in lkm stretches using thesame methods that were used in the surveys of the Grand andRoyal Canals (Dromey et al., 1991 and 1992), based on themethod devised by the British Waterways Board (Tandy, 1989)which was in turn based on techniques developed by the NatureConservancy Council (NCC, 1985).
DEFINITIONS
Bank Verge (bkv) The strip of land between thetrackway and the channel.
Boundary Verge (bdv) The strip of land between thetrackway and the boundary.
Boundary (bd) Hedgerow (hg)Fence (f c )WallDitchStream / drain
Nearside The bank of the navigation whichcarries the trackway.
Offside The bank opposite the trackway,not OPW property along the BarrowNavigation.
ix
El
E1
t)
E1
E1
EJ
El
E1
El
El
El
E1
El
El
rlu
El
E1
E1
El
E1
E1
INDEX FOR 25 INCH MAPS OF THE BARROW NAVIGATION
B46 AthyBN1 Horse Bridge
Ardreigh Lifting BridgeBN2 Ardreigh LockBN4 Bunberry's BridgeBN5 Fenton's BridgeBN6 Tankardstown BridgeBN7 Levitstown Lifting Bridge
Levitstown LockBN10 Maganey BridgeBN12 Maganey Lock
River GreeseBN14 River LerrBN16 Bestfield LockBN19 Carlow (Graiguecullen Bridge)
Carlow LockBN22 Clogrennan LockBN26 Milford BridgeBN27 Milford LockBN31 Rathvindon Lock
Cardinal Moran BridgeBN32 LeighlinbridgeBN35 Rathellin LockBN37 Bagenalstown LockBN38 Royal Oak BridgeBN40 Fenniscourt LockBN43 Slyguff LockBN45 Upper Ballyellin LockBN47 GoresbridgeBN48 Lower Ballyellin LockBN50 Ballytiglea LockBN52 Ballytiglea BridgeBN53 Borris LockBN55 Ballingrane LockBN57 Clashganna LockBN59 Ballykennan LockBN61 Graiguenamanagh BridgeBN62 Upper Tinnahinch LockBN63 Lower Tinnahinch LockBN65 Carriglead LockBN68 St. Mullins LockBN69 St. Mullins
xi
LJ
E1
tI
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
El
El
E1
E1
El
El
E1
El
El
E1
E1
INDEX FOR 6 INCH MAPS OF THE BARROW NAVIGATION
6111 Athy and Ardreigh Lock6112 Bunberry Br. and Fenton's Br.6"3 Bunberry Br., Fenton's Br. and Tankardstown Br.61'4 Tankardstown Br. and Levitstown Lock6"5 Maganey Br., Maganey Lock and Greese River6116 River Lerr and Bestfield Lock6"7 Bestfield Lock6"8 Carlow: Graiguecullen Br. and Carlow Lock6119 Clogrennan Lock and Fushoge River6"10 South of Fushoge River6"11 Milford Lock and Cloghristic Wood6"12 Milford Lock, Cloghristic Wood and Orchard Islands61113 Rathvindon Lock and Leighlinbridge6"14 Rathellin Lock6"15 Rathellin Lock and Bagenalstown Lock6"16 Rail Bridge and Fenniscourt Lock6"17 Slyguff Lock61118 Slyguff Lock and Upper Ballyellin Weir6"19 Upr Ballyellin Lock, Goresbridge & Lr Ballyellin Lock6"20 Ballytiglea Lock and Bridge61121 Ballytiglea Bridge, Borris Lock & Bunnahown Bridges6"22 Bunnahown Bridge and Ballingrane Lock61123 Clashganna Lock and Ballykeenan Lock6"24 Graiguenamanagh, Upr. and Lr. Tinnahinch Locks61125 Lr. Tinnahinch Lock and Carriglead Lock6"26 St. Mullins Lock and St. Mullins
xii
El
El
D
n
El
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
L,
E1
El
E1
E1
EJr-I
El
E1
E1
E1
l
E1
E1
E1
E1
CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES
ALONG EACH STRETCH OF THE BARROW NAVIGATION
with 25 inch maps
of each kilometre section
El
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
L1
__l
u
E1
E1
E1
El
El
E1
E1
E1
El
BARROW NAVIGATION
ATHY - ARDREIGH LOCK KM SECTIONS B46-BN 2approx. lkm on east. bank
OBSERVATIONS:- A natural rural aspect achieved by the presence of avariety of habitats.- Dredging of the opposite (west) bank by BarrowDrainage (1992).
GOOD FEATURES:- Very high species diversity in the river.- Very high species diversity in the boundary drainwhich is in water throughout the year (1992).- Species-rich boundary hedge including Spindle, Willow,Alder and Oak saplings.
Bankside trees near Horse Bridge add to the diversity.The island (not OPW property) is dominated by scrub at
the north end. The remaining fields, which are liableto flood are lightly grazed during the summer. Wetmeadow species grow on these sections and add to theoverall ecological diversity of the area.
BAD FEATURES:- Boundary drain cleared and the spoil deposited on theboundary verge.- Presence of Giant Hogweed in the boundary verge justsouth of Horse Bridge in 1993 and north of Ardreigh Lockin 1992 (BN1).- All trees removed from the bankverge along thecanalised stretch.- A wide strip of grass is cut along the both sides ofthe surfaced towpath.- The weir to the north of the island is becomingheavily overgrown making it difficult for salmon to passupriver.- Abundant growths of Sparganium emersum in the canal.- Oil on the water of the canal.
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain wildlife diversity- To eliminate, in so far as is possible, the GiantHogweed from the system.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Ensure that the diverse boundary hedgerow is notdamaged.- Reduce both the width and number of cuttings ofgrasses and flowering species on either side of thesurfaced towpath. A narrow strip (0.5m) can befrequently cut on either side of the path. Theremainder of the bank and boundary verges can be cutomce, late in the year. Cutting late in the year allows
1
LJ
E1
rl
--
E1
E1
E1
El
E1
E1
El
E1
:__l
E1
E1
El
E1
E1
v
E1
El
E1
E1
17
El
the plants to grow, flower and set seed. The advantagesof this from a wildlife point of view are many. Thediversity of the seed bank is maintained. Insects canpupate and feed off their host plant and move around thegeneral area. These in turn become a food source forbirds and other small mammals. There is also theaesthetic value which attaches to the presence of a herblayer of medium height contrasting with both the tallertree and shrub layer and the low ground layer of thetowpath.- Cut the aquatic vegetation of the canal early in theyear, cutting them as close as is possible to the canalbed.- Clear the weir of vegetation otherwise there is thedanger that the salmon will not be able to pass upstream(See Plate 26).- The location of the Giant Hogweed has been mapped andthe plants sprayed in 1992 and 1993 according to theguidelines in Part 1 of this report. The area should bemonitored in April/May 1994 and sprayed if necessary.
2
E1
17
El
]
71
&1_d{ain
IV MAIA
(I^nyside
10161
BJtb
r-I
r-I
r-I
t
0 HUas h 79DI.
13 `i'S.
r+,rollo
..4
p
cgdb a gi `t
El
El
El
El
EJ
EJ
tjh*_gn uM
(6
rlllll_ 9's_ Oil on water CA ca4a .
_ ow,aary raan cA eared
a n Spoil osltec ca-ver e. .
\h :rte%V A-
Ao trees
ailild
b(am sp
5lycclahula
' 91tsw4 PIAl
L'Df W NA"
T,cs41l a aoM eon
IIs
Ira"I.4vag
illSm .
cdbiiagiTrl*t.
El
El
r-I
17
i cflSKCuN^'
RV
0
ycerVA
01 , Iat,:.1cJs
.Slktm1 0. Callaa ,dAPOLt1V
viS, 3uwCs ccrv Matef .
(QIIIQ
PD'IMes. a re-a
N coo "."td1
2-300
SAX
430 620840
Millottage
rdreign HOuSe
7-T C
930
V
El
3020
4al V2ir M LOWEII`TD
;Prang villa
8.26 \ . 1-1
5.550
S S. 1\.
3. 990
7-' IMfee
2.450
1D- \l"cveA-
bR%-
L
L
El
L
El
rlu
nlJ
v
L
71
El
rlu
BARROW NAVIGATION
ARDREIGH LOCK - BUNBERRY'S BRIDGE KM SECTIONS BN2 - BN4approx. 2km on east bank
OBSERVATIONS:Open aspect immediately south of Ardreigh Lock. There isa rural scene in the vicinity of the island whereunimproved wet meadows support Orchids, Irises, Rushesand many more wildflowers and are lightly grazed duringthe summer.
GOOD FEATURES:- Vegetated track as the towpath- A diverse range of trees form the boundary hedgerowincluding Ash, Hazel, Beech, Guelder-rose, Alder andSpindle.- A species-rich wet boundary drain adds to the overalldiversity of the area.- Dragonflies are attracted to the area because of theextensive reed growth, and are abundant.- Large island of species-rich wet meadows. The islandis lightly grazed during the summer. Invertebratesabound in the tall vegetation of the wet meadows. Themanagement option of grazing on this island adds to theoverall ecological diversity of the area. The island isnot part of OPW property.- The vegetation of the canal bank, unlike that of theriver bank, is not dominated by coarse rank vegetation.
BAD FEATURES:- Trees have been removed from the bank to facilitatespoil disposal.- Spoil has been deposited along the river bank and thevegetation is now dominated by coarse, tall herbaceousspecies such as Nettles, Docks, Hogweed and Cleavers.These competitive species thrive in the nutrient-richconditions (supplied by spoil) and their growth extendsacross the towpath. This path between Ardreigh Lock andBunberry's Bridge was not passable in June 1992 prior tocutting (Plate 2).- When the vegetation of the towpath was cut in earlyJuly 1992, the cuttings were not removed. The width ofthe cut towpath is too great.- The bankverge at the southern end of BN3 is up to 5mwide and also dominated by tall, coarse herbaceousspecies. As a result, a view to the river from thetowpath is hindered.- Giant Hogweed on the west bank in km BN3 during 192and 193 and on the west bank immediately north of theweir in BN4 during 1992.- The weir is becoming overgrown (Plate 26).
3
17
L
L
J
u
L
n
L
El
u
u
U'-1u
L
u
L
1J
v
u
17u
El
rlu
urlu
El
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects whichnutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining.- To eliminate, in so far as is possible, Giant Hogweedfrom the system.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- The vegetation on the nutrient-rich spoil deposited onthe banks should be cut early in the year and asfrequently as possible during the first year. Thecuttings must be removed. The cutting and removal ofthe first growths of rank vegetation on the spoilhastens the process whereby nutrients are removed fromthe soil. As a result there will be an increase innon-competitive species and diversity (See Plates21-23). Where the bankverge is sufficiently wide a bandof the coarse, rank vegetation can remain, provided itis not near the towpath and does not interfere withviews of the river. This vegetation attracts its ownrange of insects.- Where the spoil has fallen on the towpath, a similarvegetation cutting regime should be put into operationas outlined for the banks. In the following year, thevegetation will be more diverse and not so vigorous.The number of cuttings can then be reduced. Allcuttings must be removed.- When the rank, coarse, competitive vegetation has beenremoved through frequent cutting in one year a singlecut at the end of each year should then suffice tomaintain ecological diversity. A single cut ensuresthat scrub species do not colonise the towpath and willalso ensure that the diversity of the seed bank will notbe reduced. Cutting of species before they set seedeliminates the seeds of that particular plant, thusreducing ecological diversity. If, for amenitypurposes, it is necessary to maintain a short vegetationsward for walkers, then a strip of 1-1.5m wide has beenresearched as being wide enough. This strip may then besubjected to frequent cuts, ensuring always that thecuttings are collected. In this way the only reductionin the seed bank will occur in this narrow strip. Theseeds of the plants at the edge of the 1-1.5m strip willensure that ecological diversity will be maintained.- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts thetowpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil leading to the growth of competitivespecies. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soil
4
L
rlu
rl
7
'-1
n
r-1urlu
7
rlu
Lrl
71
L
r7u
r-I
17
7u
rlv
17
r-IU
L
r-I
L1
enrichment does not take place (Contrast Plates 5 and21).- Giant Hogweed sites were sprayed in 192 and 193 (seePart 1 Ch 3) and location mapped. The area should bemonitored in April/May 1994 to ascertain if furtherspraying will be necessary.- Clear the weir of excess vegetation. As each yearpasses, more vegetation becomes established, making itincreasingly difficult for salmon to move upstream.
5
rlU
7u
L
L
.7
Sluice
ottage
B.-6
10 1b((().
18/3/g3
8 910
3 220
2-300
20-840
3020
030
Iu
rdreigh House
Z/ ;4e
I5c p 4mm
430 5
NS QhIMM,
5-550
Spring Villa
A R D R E E
eig-oc
-jP
1
17 b4M"Ryr Lf rn8 mp
i
Ollx
2-450
8.26CVQJTOW A
1P- V"w
!
F 5rl l Fo+" 3
1U
y
B03
bdba 9`igct -we beech 1,1
1 ` a.1
{,v --- &AIA hi lli{u 01o'U1
41d)alm
Pe,,n6UICI uI tWitl
jF.eck r etat4 t utum
`i k4 ,old ?ee/,X {
Osa11
-IP $Tdl&l4)
VAOU5
eS cm Wv
figC,o
A1d, f /&A w
i'-VP"., MUM
my -5m Urlun
PIE : `
fft-b
V. 51
l3b, NN
f b c`l9 `"Im tI
.l
%010
1d6
(,WaIW sp '-&rula are(d.c (y.r,c{ vncid
`1Knte x hydcal p-,clu U clulcgwwim;':. Fluviatl
>',«u KPr G
/"
Wl wj bpd,
IP ..
lh ILka
r
I
. -Vlz d
Jue(
k-1
_ 47`Ir
Barrowdodge
1260
6970
030
iJ
E
17
2 260
EJ
9.760
EJ
r:l
6690
2.230
tv - OVe%lotinA
Ur 4uu
1;06 luwi clu w"U'al%;
w
,9q
- t 1,t1/Cli'a
42 - NraspEIdar
-Zzf-__
ddall +Hcl Iwx({w
Ll
L
4 QCC2sSTP e2"
hcwruI i s. 1,-,1
°F FIiP 6 ulwu
alf CtiieS 116
,BkNb-14°
590
12170
19b0
(W IL15 -1a4:1L
.T tHflu
4u fkj4Aa JV(Jrviehi.1
jaKNklyi F44 fly I
sfar rjdf,Ltrle-V IC(AA OTlclhtdd .
c(`erQc(.l I K
'?r,(- b,,i,1
r1L-J
LJ
L__l
El
El
L
El
El
L!
EJ
EJ
EJ
s
El
s
El
L
5
El
5
BARROW NAVIGATIONBUNBERRY'S BRIDGE - TANKARDSTOWN BRIDGE
KM SECTIONS BN4 - BN6approx. 2km on east bank
OBSERVATIONS:- Very attractive rural setting brought about by thepresence of wet meadows and grazing cattle on theislands ad also by the diverse range of flowers and talltrees along the bank and boundary. South of FentonBridge, the vegetation is coarse and rank resulting inan overgrown towpath.
GOOD FEATURES:- Large island of species-rich wet meadows. The islandis lightly grazed during the summer. Invertebratesabound in the tall vegetation of the wet meadows. Themanagement option of grazing on this island adds to theoverall ecological diversity of the area. The west bankof the river is also liable to flooding and is an ASI.There is a diversity of species including the Fly Orchidwhich is on the decline. The island is not part of OPWproperty.- The towpath, between Bunberry's and Fenton Bridgessupports a diverse, nutrient-poor flora including YellowWort (Blackstonia perfoliata) and Marjoram (Origanumvulgare) (Plate 1).- The boundary along this stretch also supports adiverse range of nutrient-poor vegetation.- A diverse range of trees including Beech, Spindle,Oak, Ash and Guelder-rose grow in the boundary betweenFenton and Tankardstown Bridges.- The boundary hedge was trimmed late in 1992 before the1993 bird-nesting season.- Good aquatic diversity in the canal with some goodexamples of reed fringe.- Sparganium emersum (Unbranched Bur-reed), an invasiveaquatic "weed" which is resistant to herbicides does notthrive in the canal along this stretch. Directsunlight, which supplies the energy to encourage thisplant to grow, is prevented from having too strong animpact due to the shading which is brought about by thetall trees along the eastern bank.
BAD FEATURES:- Spoil has been deposited along the river bank and thevegetation is now dominated by coarse, tall herbaceousspecies such as Nettles, Docks, Hogweed and Cleavers.These competitive species thrive in the nutrient-richconditions (supplied by spoil) and their growth extendsacross the towpath. The path between Fenton andTankardstown Bridges was not passable in June 1992 -prior to cutting.- When the vegetation of the towpath was cut in early
6
EI
E1
El
E1
E1
El
E1
E1
E1
El
El
E1
E1
L
E1
El
rlU
El
E1
E1
El
E1
E1
seeds of the plants at the edge of the 1-1.5m strip willensure that ecological diversity will be maintained.- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts thetowpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil, leading to the growth of competitivespecies. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soilenrichment does not take place (Contrast Plates 5 and21).- Remove some of the branches which overhang the westbank of the canal.- Giant Hogweed leaves were sprayed in 1993 according tothe guidelines laid down in Part 1 of this report. Itwill be necessary to monitor the area in April/May of1994 to ascertain if further spraying will be necessary.
8
El
Barrow,
dodge
2 2601.260
8.890
2.230
- i// t- tvaln
1P - q, access
EK v - °L a"l-roles,
49eALO'cct
ahw, . ( (L(l
N % - Ha h\or.Jc `Hq19 sL
I fkaricEl c qr
V" - 1 u1Kt(V 1 l- g,u ,wStL,v,
Pba pic s
n,ce l . t AtJ
Sp1vcUePay- I
d2R
1.020
4.570
J. Iti ff4,41(14A4 JV(JMe+\td((H
I f 1 I IQ
1 fu. t
hs' .
(li(eV 14" Ll uih,l q .
9.760
alticwru 15...Iw)
_
.p1louw,
Qzk.
4.7
'Juee
'xec 1 n in
El
D
/)
71
x!'?or ... of
Coca - Tad ctlky.3?
O
9jo
hi& rJa vHYCi-eaut
fi scv`tcv-n L-
.3.6oUn fIN
cU Ict
IkNuc:;v, { ;;
1TWO., I
V,) 1h ` (Mk"t)e, c6l
{',Isllk,(tN
S111
ridge.
3.510
I'll I'll1.100
(1 4560
2.710
4690
415416
_- ' 5391.11VUM-P
`1 \I 340
18 240
k -&va1.A
2.490
2-320
1170
2440
v,la2tlww
Grange Ofd House -460-1 "W3-tp c I ear ed-drain oVer
h o Creel u, bdT)K V LPtlohtu
d,ov
L
5.568
b 550
c rr c 4 -J' 1fjDrip
el-S SkoJ} cscnsS
(D I tilt r&ra (v` , 23.670
Oak+
Oft o
720
t1OtA.
Liable to Fjoodln
IQ4vti
M-/
-
f
Oak+. Ixl
edaz
18310
O
-480 It O
7 470
{) 116 {,1U
ride.
3.510
.11. I'll
.520
4890'
f 54-18
2-590
110`We// o
,b(A- £;tt/a1-, .
j 1 tcUt - (A i1<V t d 1/
2.490
18240
2.320
j t 1.170
F:::;
Grange Old House 480
- clef t ed
-dramo "ree> bd8K V - of LPtIcbm
dug
EI
E1
E1
EJ
Z -
5.568
Tankard
b 550
.p Cy. pQofjesj
189
...ht
010
-s-
(afQ.4560
2.710
15880
Liable to Flood in'
2-050
LA V- T;Vjk
480
23870
f.tIIV1L.lNU S C
7470
e
Wi
e>t09
Qy
560
2/440
tQ
41`11<<vw-
EI
EI
EI
El
EI
17
El
E1
El
:__l
El
EI
rlv
EI
EI
E1
EI
EI
El
EI
EI
"BARROW NAVIGATION
TANKARDSTOWN BR. - MAGANEY BR. KM SECTIONS BN 6-BN10approx. 4km on east bank
OBSERVATIONS:The river runs parallel to the road between Tankardstownand Levitstown. There is an enclosed aspect to theriver south of Levitstown and at one point in BN8 thereis a sequence of rising steps extending to approximately6m above river level on the west bank (Plate 3). Thetowpath on the east bank is also enclosed as the treesof the bank arch to meet those of the boundary.
GOOD FEATURES:- Large island of species-rich wet meadows. The islandis lightly grazed during the summer. Invertebratesabound in the tall vegetation of the wet meadows. Themanagement option of grazing on this island adds to theoverall ecological diversity of the area. Trees/scrubwhich provide another habitat are found on a strip ofland at the canal edge of the island. The ecology ofthe island is similar to that found in the ASI along thewest bank of the river just north of here.- A diverse range of trees present along all of theboundary and much of the bank with a rich diversity offlowering species in the ground layer (Plate 4).- There is a stretch of towpath which is covered ingravel from nutrient-poor spoil. Species characteristicof nutrient-poor conditions grow here. In June thisstretch was dominated by Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemumvulgare) (Plate 4).- A vegetation tunnel forms over the towpath along partof the stretch where trees of the bank and boundary meet(Plate 4).- Good aquatic diversity in the river- Boundary drain rich in species adds to the overallecology and diversity of the area.- Two small islands (OPW property) are dominated byscrub. These scrub-covered islands in this undisturbedarea provide ideal cover and refuge for otters.
BAD FEATURES:- Giant Hogweed was found on the east bank of BN9 in1993; on the west bank of BN10_in 1993 and at threelocations on Maganey Island immediately north of MaganeyBridge (BN10) during both 1992 and 1993.- Spoil has been deposited along the river bank and thevegetation is now dominated by coarse, tall herbaceousspecies such as Nettles, Docks, Hogweed and Cleavers.These competitive species thrive in the nutrient-richconditions (supplied by spoil) and their growth extendsacross the towpath. In sections the coarse, rankvegetation is interspersed with nutrient-poor vegetation
9
rl
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
El
E1
:D
rlt__1
EJ
E1
E1
E1
E1
17
E1
E1
(as mentioned above).- The bankverge in BN9 and BN10 is quite wide and alsodominated by tall, coarse herbaceous species. As aresult, a view of the river from the towpath ishindered.- When the vegetation of the towpath was cut in earlyJuly 1992, the cuttings were not removed (Plate 5). Thewidth of maintained/cut towpath is too great.- The towpath at the back of a house which is beingrestored (immediately north east of the lifting bridge)was impassable in 1992 but cleared during early 1993.
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects whichnutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.- To eliminate, in so far as is possible, Giant Hogweedfrom the system.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- The vegetation on the nutrient-rich spoil deposited onthe river bank, should be cut early in the year and asfrequently as possible during the first year. Thecuttings must be removed. The cutting and removal ofthe first growths of rank vegetation on the spoilhastens the process whereby nutrients are removed fromthe soil. As a result there will be an increase innon-competitive species and diversity. Where thebankverge is sufficiently wide a band of the coarse,rank vegetation can remain, provided it is not near thetowpath and does not interfere with views of the river.This vegetation attracts its own range of insects.- Where the spoil has fallen on the towpath, a similarvegetation cutting regime should be put into operationas outlined for the banks. In the following year, thevegetation will be more diverse and not so vigorous. Thenumber of cuttings can then be reduced. All cuttingsmust be removed.- When the rank, coarse, competitive vegetation has beenremoved through frequent cutting in one year a singlecut at the end of each year should then suffice tomaintain ecological diversity. A single cut ensuresthat scrub species do not colonise the towpath and willalso ensure that the diversity of the seed bank will notbe reduced. Cutting of species before they set seedeliminates the seeds of that particular plant, thusreducing ecological diversity. If, for amenitypurposes, it is necessary to maintain a short vegetationsward for walkers, then a strip of 1-1.5m wide has beenresearched as being wide enough. This strip may then besubjected to frequent cuts, ensuring always that thecuttings are collected. In this way the only reduction
10
E1
rl
E1
E1
El
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
17
E1
E1
'-1_1
E1
E1
E1
E1
17
El
E1
17
El
in in this narrow strip. Theseeds of the plants at the edge of the 1-1.5m strip willensure that ecological diversity will be maintained(Contrast Plates 5 and 21).- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts thetowpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil, leading to the growth of competitivespecies. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soilenrichment does not take place (Contrast Plates 5 and21).- The Giant Hogweed was sprayed in 1992 and 1993 (seePart 1 Ch 3) and its location mapped. Sites should bemonitored in April/May 1994 to ascertain if furtherspraying will be necessary.
11
E1
r31,
El
C1)urch.
\ fin /iuineJ Rsy1
14.000
askOLUIIIw Ilk........
ta,lfc -(sit, of)
(',
TP- 1616411
7.470 LS CJ Q
TawP cfeatea -
1 cu v%
loSS C u f
l(M4 tkK.
ON P
6 4 Z cf
1
Ca tz
1E
F.1,p w wI I
wo
37.470
to Flooding19310 IIL1fN- `' 1
,uwctksl ntiC 4
<,(ti,2w w Mwwed LL... _
600
6.620
"uj%CV 1 .
dVa t h T: -LWV,lc7 CiGur:U4Strr auu,,A efe lei
.n { L U CIMU 11 l q6yI -;LI lint,
{kdLJhI(".'\ V lCtoaL)
k
rn+n ccuea _ IMor q3
t)\CW. .
_ +t,41UWu UJOU4
CCCLJJ,r'A(v( CL1klwlc,u
V 4 W IL's 1
dvu, SPA
U-NaW lS
F. LJafv'
El
El
L
EJ
L-,
6("o
El
EJ
El
EJ
7
El
rya Atemo,tQ
i 590
o Taw I Nvu
\7 ' '
f kwT4i
38230
11IW(a
18I.3/93
bNS
EA- a Oy"
39'()Bo
WIeAAW q .
Quro
-)
u
ElyV nl w11Vw '
62 9
V- Rat%
Ado Cf (st
t,(i I dtotcfi
It, BN q
u16[Q
a6(?(q;, .
4rM4ffsCitu"VI aiUtw"o i
t,
,; `P ors
El
E1
El
E1
pv kgVA GICCf O\ l
y°
BNIo
fM Kith,LAJdv e% LQ_
T-k
- T- ash I1°
s1
71
L
El
rlv
__J
L
1J
LJ
El
LA
17
El
BARROW NAVIGATION
MAGANEY BR. - BESTFIELD LOCK KM SECTIONS BN10-BN16approx. 6km on east bank
OBSERVATIONS:The overall impression along this stretch is of woodedcountryside. There are lovely views of very finemajestic trees sweeping down to the river edge along thewest bank. There is also the wooded east bank in thevicinity of Bella Vista Estate. There is an enclosedaspect along this stretch. The people of Carlow townswim in the pool-like area immediately downstream ofBestfield Weir. The towpath between the two locks -north of the swimming area - becomes overgrown withcoarse vegetation which makes access difficult.
GOOD FEATURES:- Good aquatic diversity with good stands of fringingvegetation of Reeds, Rushes and Bur-reeds along both theriver and canal sections (Plate 7).- Diverse boundary hedge including an abundance ofSpindle, Guelder-rose, Alder Buckthorn and Hazel. Thereis also a diverse ground flora to add to the diversity.- Species-rich boundary drain.- Many mature trees on the offside including themajestic White Willow (BN13-16 west bank).- Small wooded island (BN14) provides good cover forotters.- Wooded areas around Bella Vista Estate (not OPWproperty, on the east bank BN15) adds further to theoverall ecological diversity of the area.- A vegetation tunnel forms over the towpath along partof the stretch where trees of the bank and boundarymeet.
BAD FEATURES:- Giant Hogweed as found immediately south of MaganeyBridge (BN10) on the west bank in 1992; in two locationsin the wide east bank verge in 1992; on the west bank ofBN11 in 1992 and 1993; at the west bank at the lock inBN12 during 1993: at a location immediately south ofMaganey Lock (BN12) on the east bank during 1992 and atanother larger stand in the same area during both 1992and 1993 and on the west bank at the weir in BN16 in1993.- Spoil has been deposited along the river bank and thevegetation here and along much of the towpath is nowdominated by coarse, tall herbaceous species such asNettles, Docks, Hogweed and Cleavers. These competitivespecies thrive in the nutrient-rich conditions (suppliedby spoil) and their growth extends across the towpath.In sections the coarse, rank vegetation is interspersedwith nutrient-poor vegetation (as mentioned above). The
12
El
L
71
rl
LJ
LJ
rlu
urlu
r7u
srlv
El
r1v
rlL-1
1J
17
5
17
path between the two locks was not passable in June 1992prior to cutting (Plate 8).- The bankverge (BN12 and BN13) is quite wide and alsodominated by tall, coarse herbaceous species. As aresult, a view of the river from the towpath ishindered.- When the vegetation of the towpath was cut in earlyJuly 1992, the cuttings were not collected. The widthof maintained/cut towpath is too great.- Sportsmen with guns seen on the towpath in thevicinity of Bella Vista Estate.- Weir overgrown (Plate 26).
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects whichnutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.- To eliminate, in so far as is possible, Giant Hogweedfrom the system.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the island, boundary hedge and boundary drainin future canal operations.- The vegetation on the nutrient-rich spoil deposited onthe river bank, should be cut early in the year and asfrequently as possible during the first year. Thecuttings must be removed. The cutting and removal ofthe first growths of rank vegetation on the spoilhastens the process whereby nutrients are removed fromthe soil. As a result there will be an increase innon-competitive species and diversity (Contrast Plates 5and 21). Where the bankverge is sufficiently wide aband of the coarse, rank vegetation can remain, providedit is not near the towpath and does not interfere withviews of the river. This vegetation attracts its ownrange of insects.- Where the spoil has fallen on the towpath, a similarvegetation cutting regime should be put into operationas outlined for the banks. In the following year, thevegetation will be more diverse and not so vigorous.The number of cuttings can then be reduced. Allcuttings must be removed.- When the rank, coarse, competitive vegetation has beenremoved through frequent cutting in one year a singlecut at the end of each year should then suffice tomaintain ecological diversity. A single cut ensuresthat scrub species do not colonise the towpath and willalso ensure that the diversity of the seed bank will notbe reduced. Cutting of species before they set seedeliminates the seeds of that particular plant, thusreducing ecological diversity. If, for amenitypurposes, it is necessary to maintain a short vegetation
13
rlu
rl
url
rlu
rl
El
El
u
El
El
El
'-1u
EJ
EJ
u
El
El
El
Urlv
El
EJ
El
1J
sward for walkers, then a strip of 1-1.5m wide has beenresearched as being wide enough. This strip may then besubjected to frequent cuts, ensuring always that thecuttings are collected. In this way the only reductionin the seed bank will occur in this narrow strip. Theseeds of the plants at the edge of the 1-1.5m strip willensure that ecological diversity will be maintained.- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts thetowpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil, leading to the growth of competitivespecies. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soilenrichment does not take place (Contrast Plates 5 and21).- Bankside trees remain along some of this stretch.These should not be removed unnecessarily. Spoil may bedeposited between them.- The Giant Hogweed was sprayed in 1992 and 1993 (seePart 1 Ch 3) and its location mapped. The site shouldbe monitored in April/May 1994 to ascertain if furtherspraying is necessary.- Enlist the co-operation of the landowner of thewoodland at Bella Vista Estate in preserving the overallecological diversity of the area.- Clear the weir of excess vegetation. As each yearpasses, more vegetation becomes established, making itincreasingly difficult for salmon to move upstream(Plate 26).
14
17
rl
river 9 ra.
v Jtl(rw
irq
ri hpe- Iri
(U t iw%
WIN ayUioz
1P- w lcrs, ,io. -altt55da
cF Uha
El
L
;LJ
u
El
.J (cwt LK
V,
U
i- ta(I CL, k
Jews aNxI" ( 'N Llccta i uz()
BND.
@e 4 15th (, h(a CJ(ol(qIb1
i.AJ ee_CJ (-All
C"h - VIAQ*
S \«1yCV ry
Resedd,
a - c6l 1k) I1b W
V.mr V%
u"slmAw f,O\redg{
41933bg3;
, -l
18 93-
/ yG
U
' 404 .
k4'r-7o-l
LJ
LJ
L
El
r-
o
.ed '^ t9Y
i9l tip,
aolT1,1,2 .
Ado T
cf iu,jbw tugd
eAhQ Sap- c 1P
Se c hr,,,
C nkx,ug111I
sqc.
riC
I
s-
! 6 c,6rewaii,I
Vas
ElUks
I1
E1
El
El
El
El
L-j oaj V*w
E1 &t
El
El
E1
LJ
El
E1Scr,b 1
jc IoaE1
6qK
L-i
,, 3N:114..
7f - J(asb - tI lJ , \'' ^o ce
ZP - auesscA,ki (c
°
3'6
p,la .560
- W Al V3 .
I°czn bkV-&V
-1\-,ffe
willa eve./
°0. 06
-Sa1AxColaI ri5
r-l
Ft wv dCMajngtf4
0,4, a"J
NestG Pump
S.IQPD-11
Ir¢e5`'- Yiol
vjcu-is
cirglh sp ; - \C lrt a irtV
fLo
a I cier F
ONNvo I
2cM nG-
1
6 65O(-race M
cw(vl 14')-4
V
O10-A
'e.QS f Ga h .
a
A
C&
rulsn-s
121L(pc61 1 Iq2 .
Iq(39
P lv& LS
Tr -lLYCA" p1(Oj6
-f
El
E]
E]
E]
.7
L
E]
El
pp0
9
UW
A
ilex Derash
vTLL IT1
cl
eldef
\-1 -
0
%E
zkV , 1;Uiii(A
Oj
E1
v
17
!__I
E1
El
EJ
EJ
El
:__I
EJ
El
E1
El
El
E1
El
E1
E1
E1
BARROW NAVIGATION
BESTFIELD LOCK - CARLOW LOCK KM SECTIONS BN16-BN19approx. 3.5km on east bank
OBSERVATIONS:- Immediately south of the lock is an urban stretch ofriver and this contrasts greatly with the preceedingsection. There is the sugar factory, the high spoilheaps and settling ponds on the west bank, stagnantfoul-smelling ponding areas along by the towpath on theeast bank and the hustle and bustle of Carlow town. Thetowpath has been widened to 2m in early 1993 andbordered by coping stones.
GOOD FEATURES:- The towpath along this stretch, unlike that betweenMaganey and Bestfield Locks, is pleasant underfootthough uncut. The vegetation of the towpath consists oftrample-resistant and low growing meadow species whichdo not pose a problem for the walker (Plate 10). Thisstretch of towpath is frequently used both by workersfrom the sugar factory and by those swimming atBestfield Weir. The stretch between the sugar factoryand Carlow is surfaced.- Approaching the sugar factory from the north (alongthe east bank) there is a wide band of meadow grassescontrasting with the vegetation of the towpath. Therewas an abundance of moths, butterflies and other insectsalong this stretch.- Very mature trees along the boundary with a layer oflower growing flowering species in the bankverge.- Species-rich boundary drain for most of the length.- A wide range of undisturbed habitats in the vicinityof the lock and weir south of Graiguecullen Bridge(Plate 12).
BAD FEATURES:- Giant Hogweed (Plates 9 and 11) along most of the westbank opposite the sugar factory and immediately south ofthe sugar factory settling ponds (BN17-19) during 1992and 1993; on the island immediately north of Carlow(Graiguecullen) Bridge (BN19) during 1992 and 1993 andon the west bank immediately south of Carlow Lock (BN19)during 1992.- When the vegetation of the towpath was cut in earlyJuly 1992, the cuttings were not removed.- The buildings on the west bank south of GraiguecullenBridge (not OPW property) need a facelift to improve theamenity value of the area (Plate 12). Brady, Shipmanand Martin (1992) recommend likewise.- Much refuse accumulating (including cider bottles)along two short stretches of the east bank - at the OldGraves and immediately north of the bridge.
15
rl
E1
E1
El
E1
EJ
El
El
7EJ
EJ
El
El
EJ
El
El
EJ
17
EJ
El
EJ
EJ
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.- To eliminate, in so far as is possible, Giant Hogweedfrom the system.- To improve the amenity and ecological value of all ofthe east bank north of the bridge.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the island, boundary hedge, boundary drain andthe undisturbed habitats south of Graiguecullen Bridgein future canal operations.- Reduce both the width and number of cuttings ofgrasses and flowering species on either side of thesurfaced towpath - provided no nutrient-rich spoil isdeposited there. A narrow strip (0.5m) can befrequently cut on either side of the path. Theremainder of the bank and boundary verges can be cutlate in the year. Cutting late in the year allows theplants to grow, flower and set seed. The advantages ofthis from a wildlife point of view are many. Thediversity of the seed bank is maintained. Insects canpupate and feed off their host plant and move around thegeneral area. These in turn become a food source forbirds and other small mammals. There is also theaesthetic value which attaches to the presence of a herblayer of medium height contrasting with both the tallertree and shrub layer and the low ground layer of thetowpath.- The Giant Hogweed on the island was sprayed in 1992(see Part 1 Ch 3) and its location mapped. All knownlocations were sprayed and mapped during 1993. Sitesshould be monitored in April/May 1994 to ascertain iffurther spraying will be necessary.- Clear the weir of excess vegetation. As each yearpasses, more vegetation becomes established, making itincreasingly difficult for salmon to move upstream.- Plant some native thorny shrubs such as Gorse, Hollyand/or Hawthorn along the two areas of the east bankwhich require up-grading.
16
EJ
El
El
17
r-I
D
Cr
,mar'"40
71
1J
MC4
zso
wn(YOeL
1t
11 Itllllr/,.a1
ttt1 // ;1111 ds
., ,tling Be:Illfi//- 1 Set
q 3
.2 Y2. fv%r Ji Wor1e. n Progress\\\\\ _ /il\1
11tt \\\\111\\ '
t snt}. M
w1p /i`"' tta TPSC
I
11 111111111
11
- --= i 1I i
' f".ta.rc`.
rp _ W I o 2n .\ Ski ii
'111111 i/11 \
1111111\1111\\\\`\\11///, ` , -
1 /
a^KS 1'M
nk 4,Y114y41e111qrK]eVf tJ1t-hh
4L
t WV
1
E1
' \\ //III\\\\\\\\\
\\\- \\1.
1
1
LJ
E1
El
El
E1
E1
E1
\
i \\l ///ce/
r \\% \ \\\ ,ij J
P(t J . byt .
blp
III/,,
/llflflllll//
i sW
,bb
S
L
71
U
.`J
`Stone wa L
4%)';'
lWLxdv-uvI.
hw\ ct1OLUu.1
SegG
,\t,5 GSA/,\
0lp
/ .. a djc b
Vi k ,,. \51a d tlS
LJ
L
El
/-, d
'.',z v
(" W4is
, b4VA
:W d1c
.. (cyst is 5*,
2f
EI
E1
E1
D
EI
E1
:1
E1
E1
E1
E1
El
El
EI
EI
E1
BARROW NAVIGATION
CARLOW LOCK - FUSHOGE RIVER KM SECTIONS BN19-BN23approx. 3.5km west bank
OBSERVATIONS:Wide open views of undulating countryside immediatelysouth of Carlow. The lock-house at Clogrenan isbrightly coloured and attractive. The river widens outsouth of the lock and supports reed beds in the centrechannel.
GOOD FEATURES:- Stark contrast immediately south of Carlow Lockbetween town and countryside (Plate 13).- The towpath was accessible along the entire lengththroughout the year. Competitive species are not muchin evidence on it.- Good aquatic diversity including good patches of reedfringe.- Wide diversity of mature trees in the vicinity ofErindale House (east bank, not OPW property).- Diversity of trees along the west bank including Oak,Spindle and Guelder-rose.- On the approach to Clogrenan Lock and island, theboundary is an embanked woodland of Oak, Ash, Elder, andWhite Willow.- The island is heavily wooded with much mature Oak(Plates 15 and 16).- Towpath a pleasant vegetated track dominated by meadowgrasses and flowers (Plates 13 and 14). It also affordswide views to the low hills of the west of the BarrowValley.- South of Clogrenan Lock there is a rich floraldiversity on the bank, towpath and boundary verge. Thetowpath is dominated by trample resistant species. Itis used quite frequently by those swimming at a point inthe river immediately south of the lock.- Many damselflies and dragonflies along the stretch.
BAD FEATURES:- Giant Hogweed was found in the boundary verge alongthe west bank (BN19) in 1992 and on Clogrennan Island in1993 (BN22).- Spoil has been deposited in mounds along the banks ofthe canal cuts and on the island (Plates 13-16) and thevegetation is now dominated by coarse, tall herbaceousspecies such as Nettles, Docks, Hogweed and Cleavers.These competitive species thrive in the nutrient-richconditions (supplied by spoil).- The vegetation of the towpath was cut in July 1992 andthe cuttings not collected. The width of cut/maintainedpath is too great.
17
EJ
EJ
ET
EJ
EJ
E1
E1
E1
t__l
El
lJ
E1
LJ
E1
EJ
El
v
El
!I
EJ
tJ
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects whichnutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.- To eliminate, in so far as is possible, Giant Hogweedfrom the system.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the island, boundary hedge and trees in futurecanal operations.- Spoil heaps should be levelled.- The vegetation on the nutrient-rich spoil deposited onthe river bank, should be cut early in the year and asfrequently as possible during the first year. Thecuttings must be removed. The cutting and removal ofthe first growths of rank vegetation on the spoilhastens the process whereby nutrients are removed fromthe soil. As a result there will be an increase innon-competitive species and diversity (Contrast Plates 5and 21).- When the rank, coarse, competitive vegetation has beenremoved through frequent cutting in one year a singlecut at the end of each year should then suffice tomaintain ecological diversity. A single cut ensuresthat scrub species do not colonise the towpath and willalso ensure that the diversity of the seed bank will notbe reduced. Cutting of species before they set seedeliminates the seeds of that particular plant, thusreducing ecological diversity. If, for amenitypurposes, it is necessary to maintain a short vegetationsward for walkers, then a strip of 1-1.5m wide has beenresearched as being wide enough. This strip may then besubjected to frequent cuts, ensuring always that thecuttings are collected. In this way the only reductionin the seed bank will occur in this narrow strip. Theseeds of the plants at the edge of the 1-1.5m strip willensure that ecological diversity will be maintained.- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts thetowpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil, leading to the growth of competitivespecies. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soilenrichment does not take place (Contrast Plates 5 and21).- The Giant Hogweed was sprayed in 1992 and 1993 (seePart 1 Ch 3) and its location mapped. Sites should bemonitored in April/May 1994 to ascertain if furtherspraying will be necessary.
18
El
ti0
a
E
71
El
El
El
17
El
E1
D
i +t
hail-
`j
Oi
,
*-A
l OA
(S
P v
<,:
Srr
J<
oped
Fro
m M
aine
BA
esg
300
.an
dP
r'nte
d7_
10
Allr
eCto
rat
the
Oby
thr
eO
dfades are9luen i
rfa
nrdna
eS
na
Feeth
Alti
tude
si
d .,
ret
ndic
ated
a 'le
d to
0,,-
Urv
Fth
,,.
©" Ben,
ow
GOvefnn
sum
4
2 5,
Bird
f'°se
El
wAJC (Ed toc gA cf as)fe
L1M gviiQLL h+I1, # ewl1q
TN i s I swavdn -Wick
vu - l ka f
El
L- J'
El
El
rl
El
o
0
r1 gw 15
- 6l C,
El cls , Q two F;1.c.r r kot
11,
rlu
El
El
4o
TPasc
K 1
I El
El
El
-F,
I 1bc
1
ot r-D .5
hS
G1J"^i'^0.'
c
tvv.
wall
SL,Io 1,11)
c Q -1 `k k /I;wl `°
' - Vh. tty°J }f G
ElW Q- /4( Fn *mc, , ecla Nom,
0 \k\"' ,
a-f tqlawt& \-Nkk,
i wP(drv
Jla
4
El
El
7-1u
El
rlLJ
El
El
.7
LJ
"-1LJ
LJ
rlu
El
E1
'-1LJ
El
Urlurl
rlti
BARROW NAVIGATION
FUSHOGE RIVER - MILFORD LOCK KM SECTIONS BN23-BN27approx. 3.5km on west bank
OBSERVATIONS:A wide view of the countryside - the hills of the westof the valley and sweeping fields along the east - canbe had along by the river. The canal stretch isenclosed by trees on both sides. The three bridges atMilford, large mill buildings, fast flowing river, weir,slow moving canal and the surrounding large wooded areamake this a picturesque location with much wildlifeinterest.
GOOD FEATURES:- Many fine examples of reed fringe and reed beds incentre channel offering a high diversity of aquaticplants.- Abundance of dragonflies, damselflies and moorhens inthe vicinity of the reedbeds, attracted to the areabecause of cover and food supply.- Line of young Willow along the bankverge south of St.John's Church.- Many mature trees along the boundary of the west bankespecially in the vicinity of Milford including Holly,Oak, Hazel and Spindle (Plate 18).- The island on the approach to Milford Bridge isdominated by scrub/woodland and provides good cover forotters.
BAD FEATURES:- The vegetation along the towpath south of MilfordBridge is dominated by coarse, tall herbaceous speciessuch as Nettles, Docks, Hogweed and Cleavers. Thesecompetitive species thrive in the nutrient-richconditions (probably supplied by spoil deposited hereduring the last few years) and their growth extendsacross the towpath. This stretch is manually cut (Plate19).- When the vegetation of the towpath was cut in earlyJuly 1992, the cuttings were not removed. The width ofcut/maintained towpath is too great.- Weir overgrown.
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects whichnutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.
19
L
El
rl
7J
El
rJ
LJ
L7J
L
J
i
7
u
s
El
u
J
u
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the island, the reed beds, the young Willowand mature trees in future canal operations.- The vegetation on the nutrient-rich spoil deposited onthe river bank, should be cut early in the year and asfrequently as possible during the first year. Thecuttings must be removed. The cutting and removal ofthe first growths of rank vegetation on the spoilhastens the process whereby nutrients are removed fromthe soil. As a result there will be an increase innon-competitive species and diversity. Further cuts inthe first year will be necessary.- Where the spoil has fallen on the towpath, a similarvegetation cutting regime should be put into operationas outlined for the banks. In the following year, thevegetation will be more diverse and not so vigorous. Thenumber of cuttings can then be reduced. All cuttingsmust be removed (Contrast Plates 5 and 21).- When the rank, coarse, competitive vegetation has beenremoved through frequent cutting in one year a singlecut at the end of each year should then suffice tomaintain ecological diversity. A single cut ensuresthat scrub species do not colonise the towpath and willalso ensure that the diversity of the seed bank will notbe reduced. Cutting of species before they set seedeliminates the seeds of that particular plant, thusreducing ecological diversity. If, for amenitypurposes, it is necessary to maintain a short vegetationsward for walkers, then a strip of 1-1.5m wide has beenresearched as being wide enough. This strip may then besubjected to frequent cuts, ensuring always that thecuttings are collected. In this way the only reductionin the seed bank will occur in this narrow strip. Theseeds of the plants at the edge of the 1-1.5m strip willensure that ecological diversity will be maintained.- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts thetowpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil, leading to the growth of competitivespecies. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soilenrichment does not take place (Contrast Plates 5 and21).- Clear the weir of excess vegetation. As each yearpasses, more vegetation becomes established, making itincreasingly difficult for salmon to move upstream.
20
'-1u
L
rl
LJ
rl
'-1
LJ
7
'-1
El
r-I
LJ
rLJ
rtu
0y0
r-Iu
^r
CO OJtit
Tncs Nacam'
lf SS KDi
o
AY, Vl,av 5i a'
tk&-
3160
3
030321
4E30
321
Rte / t(;LIk,
r0
21
ctfa(Arh
Lnna..rptQatA
hai3ul I
Rectory:440
' 1J1`i(Ma I SOIf lri.
a ` P,(d 7P- ea a Ci5,
12580
wtlkw 1pkJt620
5.620
6.080
11.220
4.820
L-j cV,,j
EYf - OCWC(cv,-,(
/
IA
tK .
L 605
Pump
c,,
TC)
A1J21 PumprNOUS!
U
J
:iiii
t
3N
RoocL
CccIvl
—
1-77/ -
—
1-cLa
i/ + 'Wt
\V(L BN 26
eo
w OW (U-fL
C F
holb ro0, k r lv-o IAip
P - passable
ow
4,,eeo 5ycavu e
024
Aa
uJQa.
c\`9
(bC cC L l
; g0I 1y0
L.
` ao`o.oV
r
09\
1yo
%0
-0-
'Nhw,e-l&u(x OL u
c, LS
E1
E1
El
E1
1
j
El
J
iJ
El
JE1
iJ
E1
El
El
El
E1
E1
E1
EJ
EJ
BARROW NAVIGATION
MILFORD LOCK - RATHVINDON LOCK KM SECTIONS BN27 - BN31approx. 4km west bank
OBSERVATIONS:This is a wide river stretch bordered alternatively bywoodland and open stretches. There is high ground ofdisused gravel pits along the east bank. This is partof an esker ridge which runs on to Leighlinbridge. Thesmall fields along the west bank are grazed.
GOOD FEATURES:- Cloughristic wood, an old woodland on the east bankimmediately below Milford Lock, is an ASI of localimportance (National Parks & Wildlife Service, 1992).The predominant tree species is Willow with Oak andBeech. Hazel is abundant and coniferous species occur.There is a rich herb flora characteristic of wetland andwoodland habitats. It is not OPW property butnonetheless adds considerably to the wildlife value ofthe area.- An esker along the east bank, runs parallel to theriver. It has been declared an ASI because someprotected flowering species have been found in thedisused gravel pits. It is particularly close to theriver in BN29 at a point where the protected Acinosarvensis (Basil-thyme) plant has been found. Again thisesker is not OPW property. However, it adds to thewildlife value of the area and is part of the overallriver system.- The small island at Orchard Bridge is dominated byWillow scrub which offers good cover to otters.- Otters were seen in the river along this stretch.- There are large stands of reed fringe and reed/rushbeds. There is also a diversity of aquatic andsemi-aquatic flora in the boundary drain, all of whichattract large numbers of dragonflies and damselflies.
BAD FEATURES:- Giant Hogweed grows on the towpath of BN30.- Spoil has been deposited along the river bank and thevegetation of the bank and along much of the towpath isnow dominated by coarse, tall herbaceous species such asNettles, Docks, Hogweed and Cleavers (Plate 20). Thesecompetitive species thrive in the nutrient-richconditions (supplied by spoil) and their growth extendsacross the towpath. In sections the coarse, rankvegetation is interspersed with nutrient-poor vegetation(as mentioned above). This growth of rank vegetation isparticularly in evidence for 2km west of Milford Lock.- When the vegetation of the towpath was cut in earlyJuly 1992, the cuttings were not removed.
21
El
s
s
s
El
5
5
El
E1
L-1
5
El
s
5
5
E1
5
E1
5
5
EJ
5
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects whichnutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.- To eliminate, in so far as is possible, Giant Hogweedfrom the system.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the island, woodland, reed/rush beds, boundaryhedge and boundary drain in future canal operations.- The vegetation on the nutrient-rich spoil deposited onthe river bank, should be cut early in the year and asfrequently as possible during the first year. Thecuttings must be removed. The cutting and removal ofthe first growths of rank vegetation on the spoilhastens the process whereby nutrients are removed fromthe soil. As a result there will be an increase innon-competitive species and diversity. In the followingyears the vegetation of the bank should only be cutonce, after flowering.- Where the spoil has fallen on the towpath, a similarvegetation cutting regime should be put into operationas outlined for the banks. In the following year, thevegetation will be more diverse and not so vigorous. Thenumber of cuttings can then be reduced. All cuttingsmust be removed (Contrast Plates 5 and 21).- When the rank, coarse, competitive vegetation has beenremoved through frequent cutting in one year a singlecut at the end of each year should then suffice tomaintain ecological diversity. A single cut ensuresthat scrub species do not colonise the towpath and willalso ensure that the diversity of the seed bank will notbe reduced. Cutting of species before they set seedeliminates the seeds of that particular plant, thusreducing ecological diversity. If, for amenitypurposes, it is necessary to maintain a short vegetationsward for walkers, then a strip of 1-1.5m wide has beenresearched as being wide enough. This strip may then besubjected to frequent cuts, ensuring always that thecuttings are collected. In this way the only reductionin the seed bank will occur in this narrow strip. Theseeds of the plants at the edge of the 1-1.5m strip willensure that ecological diversity will be maintained.- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts thetowpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil, leading to the growth of competitivespecies. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soilenrichment does not take place (Contrast Plates 5 and21).
22
s
E1
E1
El
E1
E1
E1
E1
r-I
D
r-1UtL-j
El
E1
E1
E
E1
El
EJ
E1
- The Giant Hogweed was sprayed in 1992 (see Part 1 Ch3) and its location mapped. The site will be monitoredin April/May 1993 to ascertain if further spraying isnecessary.
El
E1 23
E1
El
2461 b
. .
63
-0
EJ
e
f\
cl/Wi SD4
ayis cccSS.
WIW
..... jrly .974 1.10
w 0>7
u(`VH
t90.
;9a
-C
t....
3-200
j}} jJ1 ((f-l .Ll. A
3.100
390
4950
2-540
1LvVAI/ll
1.24
4.870
4080
13.890
470
0.270
20.200
4354
14.327
OF .... I....
..........45
14
N
lg1'Ibl
14
"""'
Li
)O
'--"ala,VG,
EJ
EJ
El
17
17
EJ
El
wlllm
K
1
M10
), 1 T, /
e,4ecca
u VI,
El
E1
El
E1
E1
El
6 WO
Wilk, elm, It
4WW
T
s
, 1-1(SC -& ,vt(q , l r c, VL(euuA ,
PA"Oja
E1
El
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
17
El
17
E1
E1
E1
El
E1
E1
E1
El
u
E1
E1
El
BARROW NAVIGATION
RATHVINDON LOCK - RATHELLIN LOCK KM SECTIONS BN31-BN35approx. 4kms west and east bank
OBSERVATIONS:Brady, Shipman and Martin, in their report to Carlow Co.Council, January 1992, note that Leighlinbridge is anattractive small settlement with an interesting historyand that the surrounding landscape along this stretchhas a parkland appearance with much mature timber.South of Leighlinbridge is a large tract of meadow whichis liable to flooding in the winter and grazed duringthe summer. This rural scene contrasts with the urbansetting of Leighlinbridge. Further south yet anotherimage of the countryside is created by the presence ofwoodland in the boundary and a line of mature trees onBurgage Island. This island is grazed by cattle duringthe summer.
In February 1993 the Rathellin Canal was dredged, thespoil deposited on the wooded opposite bank and thefootbridge at Burgage Weir replaced.
GOOD FEATURES:- The towpath along this stretch is used quite often anddoes not require as much maintenance as a little-usedvegetated path.- The wide canal towpath both north and south ofLeighlinbridge is well maintained by the localcommunity. The vegetation of the central towpath isfrequently cut and the cuttings removed. There is anarrow strip of flowering vegetation includingButtercups, Clover, Meadowsweet and meadow grasses ateither side of the towpath which is not cut throughoutthe flowering period. This is visually attractive,while at the same time providing a source of food forthe invertebrates and maintaining the diversity of theseed bank (Plates 21-23).- There is a boundary drain rich in aquatic andsemi-aquatic vegetation.- There is an abundance of butterflies and dragonfliesin the area immediately north and south ofLeighlinbridge.- Immediately north of Leighlinbridge is a long lowisland covered in scrub. This is another habitat in thevicinity.- South of Leighlinbridge on the east bank are meadowswhich are liable to flooding (not OPW property). Thesemeadows are lightly grazed during the summer and thisoption prevents scrub encroaching and dominating. Thereis a wide range of flowering species in the meadows.- Further south is Burgage Island (most of it not OPWproperty) which was formed when the Rathellin Cut was
24
El
rl
El
El
E1
17
EJ
E1
E1
E1
17
E1
El
El
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
built. At the canal edge of this island (OPW property)is a mound upon which a line of mature Oak and Ash treesgrow. These trees provide an ecological niche for amultitude of invertebrates which in turn are a good foodsource for birds and small mammals (Plate 24).- An embanked Hazelwood along the east boundary(BN33/34) parallel to the canal and island adds to theoverall ecological diversity of the area (Plate 24).
BAD FEATURES:- Spoil deposited on the bank along the river stretchnorth of Burgage Island. The vegetation on the bank isnow dominated by coarse, tall herbaceous species suchas Nettles, Docks, Hogweed and Cleavers. Thesecompetitive species thrive in the nutrient-richconditions (supplied by spoil).- Spoil has been deposited at the north end of BurgageIsland during the summer of 1992. Hopefully the grazingcattle on the island next summer will have an impact onthis vegetation and be instrumental in getting rid ofit.
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects whichnutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the island, boundary drain, Hazelwood of theboundary and line of mature trees on the opposite canalbank on Burgage Island in future canal operations.- Continue maintaining the towpath in Leighlinbridge asit was maintained in 1992 - central cut and collectionallowing a strip either side of it to continue to growand flower. This outer strip can be cut at the end ofthe year to prevent encroachment by bramble and scrub.It might be advisable, on ecological grounds, to reducethe width of the maintained/cut towpath. If, foramenity purposes, it is necessary to maintain a shortvegetation sward for walkers, then a strip of 1-1.5mwide has been researched as being wide enough. Thisstrip may then be subjected to frequent cuts, ensuringalways that the cuttings are collected. In this way theonly reduction in the seed bank will occur in thisnarrow strip. The seeds of the plants at the edge ofthe 1-1.5m strip will ensure that ecological diversitywill be maintained.- The vegetation on the nutrient-rich spoil deposited onthe river bank, should be cut early in the year and asfrequently as possible during the first year. Thecuttings must be removed. The cutting and removal ofthe first growths of rank vegetation on the spoilhastens the process whereby nutrients are removed fromthe soil. As a result species diversity increases.
25
El
E1
El
-Q- - - -- ,I- -
El
E1
El
El
El
8j3,l S l6(gz,
ag
6(I{1ci3
erd e. ,I ryw
,El--
aa
wtlaa
JLr
mar,
El
El
g AGEAlSTCM I A
, .S ROAD
QlH
sfxmjmt`
-f I.5c
t`
i v .
D
El
C;.
,
1(
Y,
J4 ..A- ire;
0, i`'-r. -,
t;n ti~
L
rlU
9.,70
V,
U0 .990
1.040
OOCL
11.990
0 k
aN 34r
00
La vuu' ACV f F
3,4v
17A,NRo
Sa,,,g
350 `.
5800
2 720
'389
Qe ( L4Ltb &a,14
1.740
3o
1020
falthc
7-29(
ql,0̀40
,,470'-tkh.l',
4 386
V t &<V
f
El
El
El
Irlu
u
rlurlu
17
71
El
rlU
1__1
BARROW NAVIGATION
RATHELLIN LOCK - BAGENALSTOWN LOCK KM SECTIONS BN35-BN37approx. 2.5km east bank
OBSERVATIONS:The town of Bagenalstown lies entirely on the east bankof the river and on the west bank large meadows slopedown to the water. This, combined with the number ofindustrial buildings, mills and maltings along thewaterfront significantly contribute to the town'sparticular charm and attraction. Brady, Shipman andMartin (1992) recommend a general tidy-up and clean-upfor many buildings and walls addressing the waterfront.They also identify Bagenalstown as the most suitablelocation for a major visitor centre which will provide apositive focus for tourism within the county.
In late 1993 Carlow Co. Council extended a storm-waterpipe underneath the canal with the outfall into theriver near the weir. The canal was dammed with gravelbased material during this operation. It is intended toraise the freeboard of the osiary (island between thecanal and river) with the materials used in building thedam when the pipe-laying is complete. Soil status andplant growth should not be greatly affected by this fortwo reasons. The gravel material is nutrient-poor andany disturbance will occur during the dormancy period.
The west side of the weir and much of the debris andsoil which had accumulated on that side of the extendedisland was also cleared late in 1993. It was intendedthat this material be deposited on the slope on theriver side of the island.
There is a sewage improvement scheme - secondarytreatment - being built below the lock on the westbank. (See Joe Caffrey's Report on Bagenalstown(Muinebheag) Sewage Improvement Scheme which is aninternal report written in 1993).
GOOD FEATURES:- No evidence of spoil having been deposited along thislength in the recent past.- Wide species-rich boundary drain south of RathellinLock as far as the swimming-pool on the east bank. ManyAlder (trees of wetlands) grow in the area.- The island between the canal and river at BagenalstownLock is OPW property and is designated a bird sanctuary.- A diverse range of trees on the island.- High aquatic plant diversity in the canal stretch.- Many ducks swim in the canal stretch and roost on thelong, narrow island.
26
El
r_l
+_1
El
L
rlJ
1
U
El
El
17
7rll-J
rlu
El
El
El
El
El
u
BAD FEATURES:- There is too much vegetation growing on Burgage weir.- Grass cuttings remain along the bank verge south ofRathellin Lock.The freeboard on the island at Bagenalstown was very
low (1992).- Much algae in the canal channel.- The cement wall supporting the swimming pool should bescreened.
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the osiary (island), the trees on it andboundary drain in future canal operations.- When the vegetation along the towpath is cut thecuttings must be removed otherwise they form a mulchwhich will act as a soil fertiliser which in turn willencourage coarse, tough and rank vegetation to thrive.These types of species require soil rich in nutrients.- Reduce both the width and number of cuttings ofgrasses and flowering species on either side of thesurfaced towpath. A narrow strip (0.5m) can befrequently cut on either side of the path. Theremainder of the bank and boundary verges should be cutlate in the year. Cutting late in the year allows theplants to grow, flower and set seed. The advantages ofthis from a wildlife point of view are many. Thediversity of the seed bank is not reduced. Insects canpupate and feed off their host plant and move around thegeneral area. These in turn become a food source forbirds and other small mammals. There is also theaesthetic value which attaches to the presence of a herblayer of medium height contrasting with both the tallertree and shrub layer and the low ground layer of thetowpath.- Screen the supporting structures of the swimming poolwith vegetation such as Ivy.- If it is decided to create a path from the swimmingpool car-park down to the lower level towpath it shouldfollow the most gradual gradient. Otherwise a steeppath will allow run-off proceed at such a rate as tocause erosion at the base.
27
El
rl
rl
9.910
3-41U
L3303
D
0D
8-790
R\elhelGh
17Acq
kh, N2v
3-230
Sp,.g
12920
12 350
13300
4-670
4 740I'll 1,
2 720
2 550
38 7Try
\Po1
r4Ah,
10270
660D
0
1-Sao 1
111. -11,
,A-`-lqa r"
.800
050
rGra
F 1,
Wfht2o , 101....'J ( 3!
,38.9
1.740
30tY
s
s
s
El
El
El
U
El
El
El
3.360
10
AREAS SO
Jc
s-_
c-
pL.AN EDGEONLY
gfcw
.640
.300
1 r
Iri
li U
U U
L7
CJ
CJ
C.j
Li
L1
CJ
Li U
U U
C-]
Li
Ci
EA
U
Mill
s.
177)
LJ
EJ
ci
ci
EJ
EJ
El
_.J
r`-1
LJ
ci
El
EJ
El
El
EJ
ci
El
tJ
El
ci
BARROW NAVIGATION
BAGENALSTOWN LOCK - FENNISCOURT KM SECTIONS BN37-BN40approx. 3.5km east bank
OBSERVATIONS:This stretch of river is in a predominantly ruralsetting. South of Royal Oak Bridge are the Bagenalstowngravel eskers (Plate 25). Those on the north bank aregrazed by a large flock of sheep and those on the southbank - screened by trees - are being excavated.
GOOD FEATURES:- Good examples of reed and rush stands along thestretch.- Many dragonflies present.- Species-rich boundary drain of aquatic andsemi-aquatic species with large numbers of butterflieson the extensive growths of Hemp Agrimony (Eupatoriumcannabinum).- Scrub/woodland also forms the boundary and consists ofa diverse range of tree species.- Towpath a wide grassy track as far as Royal Oak Bridgeand south of the railway bridge.- Mature woodland in the vicinity of Glebe House (notOPW property on the east bank) which adds to the overallecological diversity of the area.- Mature trees in the vicinity of Holloden House on westbank. In addition to adding to the ecologicaldiversity, they also act as a screen between river andmeat factory.- Small scrub-covered islands provide a habitat forotters.- Extending from immediately south of Royal Oak Bridgebeyond Fenniscourt Lock on the west bank is an extensivearea of disused quarries and gravel pits which is nowgrazed by sheep and which can be viewed from thetowpath. It is also an ASI. Many rare floweringspecies are found here. It is not OPW property.However, it forms part of the river valley system andadds to the overall ecology of the area (Plate 25).- Similar habitat on the east bank curently underexcavation - again not OPW property.
BAD FEATURES:- There is a meat factory at the east side of the riverwhich is visible from the towpath.- There is a notable presence of non-native IndianBalsam (Impatiens glandulifera) (Plate 38) on the smallislands in the centre of the channel and in the boundarydrain.- The towpath south of Royal Oak bridge and extending asfar as the railway bridge was impassable in 1992. Thetowpath, under the railway bridge was damaged throughout
28
El
L
r]
D
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
E1
1992. This prevented the machinery used to cutvegetation from accessing the towpath between the twobridges. The path was impassable. The area was repairedin 1993.- In places, between these two bridges, the bank vergeis very wide and supports a tall, rank vegetation ofHogweed, Cleavers, Docks and coarse grasses. Theseplants spread on to the towpath if not kept in check.- Where the towpath vegetation along this stretch wascut it was not collected. The width of maintained/cuttowpath is too great.- The weir at Fenniscourt is over vegetated during thegrowing season (Plate 26).
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects whichnutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the islands, boundary hedge and boundary drainin future canal operations.- Where nutrient-rich spoil has been deposited on theriver bank, the vegetation should be cut early in theyear and as frequently as possible during the firstyear. The cuttings must be removed. The cutting andremoval of the first growths of rank vegetation on thespoil hastens the process whereby nutrients are removedfrom the soil. As a result there will be an increase innon-competitive species and diversity.- Where the bankverge is sufficiently wide a band of thecoarse, rank vegetation can remain, provided it is nottoo near the towpath and in danger of spreading on to itand provided it does not interfere with views of theriver. This vegetation attracts its own range ofinsects and where it does not interfere with the amenityvalue of the river towpath, should be allowed to grow.- Where the spoil has fallen on the towpath, a similarvegetation cutting regime should be put into operationas outlined for the banks. In the following year, thevegetation will be more diverse and not so vigorous.The number of cuttings can then be reduced. Allcuttings must be removed.- When the rank, coarse, competitive vegetation has beenremoved through frequent cutting in one year a singlecut at the end of each year should then suffice tomaintain ecological diversity. A single cut ensuresthat scrub species do not colonise the towpath and willalso ensure that the diversity of the seed bank will notbe reduced. Cutting of species before they set seedeliminates the seeds of that particular plant, thusreducing ecological diversity. If, for amenity
29
El
1
,I]
El
D
E1
E1
E1
E1
EJ
,J
E1
EJ
EJ
E1
El
E1
EJ
EJ
purposes, it is necessary to maintain a short vegetationsward for walkers, then a strip of 1-1.5m wide has beenresearched as being wide enough. This strip may then besubjected to frequent cuts, ensuring always that thecuttings are collected. In this way the only reductionin the seed bank will occur in this narrow strip. Theseeds of the plants at the edge of the 1-1.5m strip willensure that ecological diversity will be maintained.- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts thetowpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil, leading to the growth of competitivespecies. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soilenrichment does not take place (Contrast Plates 5 and21).- Enlist the co-operation of the landowner of thewoodland at Holloden House in preserving the overallecological diversity of the area.- Clear the weir of excess vegetation (Plate 26). Aseach year passes, more vegetation becomes established,making it increasingly difficult for salmon to moveupstream.
30
E1
woe(
1
, I(
Coy
oD
YtpiUW
`fir \' ( Rcad -,-F y m 1 ,- or ,
1 1 1 > VA VTO(A - wr\
EJ
El
El
a Ce`
.1
-u lkt)
"Illbii- Q:,
$KV
tar ha
Q- 1C
ti
m0
El
D
El
El
400
fi At 11
okWltl
rPfs 11111111ti11111 ``11u
1111I , 140
boo(21(V kldSu
{ a1 aUi llra c
cl a
ub /
El
1((uVuaC a (r
9
E1
E1
El
E1
E1
d-ashya(cr,aAa(vi
Si
D
zz.oLJ 0\0
L
El
n (R 6W14a'°6Lt, .
E1
BARROW NAVIGATION
El
E1
El
E1
El
El
E1
El
El
FENNISCOURT - UPPER BALLYELLLIN LOCK KM SECTIONS BN40-BN45approx. 5kms east bank
OBSERVATIONS:This is a stretch of river running through ruralterrain. There is an open aspect to the river. Thereis a very large quarry, presently worked, at BallyellinLock on the east bank. Parts of it are an ASI becauseof the presence of rare and protected species.
GOOD FEATURES:- Ballyellin Quarry at Ballyellin Lock (non OPWproperty), is an ASI of local importance (National Parks& Wildlife Service, 1992) because of the presence ofmany rare and protected species. Included among theseare Erigeron acer and Carduus nutans.- The vegetation on the towpath in the vicinity of UpperBallyellin Lock is characterised by a calcareous swardincluding Pyramidal Orchid. Much dust from thelimeworks falls on to the towpath and this changes thesoil status. Erigeron acer (Blue Fleabane) was alsofound on the towpath.- Spoil from the fast-flowing river stretches near Lock45 consists mostly of gravel and is nutrient-poor. Adiverse range of low growing plant species colonise suchareas (Plate 28).- Wide range of diversity in the channel and goodexamples of reed fringe and reed beds (Plate 28).- Diverse range of mature trees along the west bankincluding White Willow overhanging it.- Boundary drain rich in species. Diversity along thisstretch is enhanced by the presence of a rich boundaryhedge including Spindle, Willow, Alder and Oak.- Scrub dominated small islands in the channel with somerank vegetation also present. These islands providegood cover for otters if in undisturbed areas.- Stand of mature trees on the east bank immediatelynorth of Sliguff Lock.- South of Sliguff Lock on the west bank is a largestand of mature Beech trees - on land belonging toBarraghcore House.- Many ducks using the stretch of river immediatelysouth of Sliguff Lock. It is enclosed on both sides bytall trees.
BAD FEATURES:- Indian balsam (Impatiens glandulifera), a non-nativeplant, grows profusely along the boundary drain and onthe small islands (Plate 38). It colonises those areasalong river banks which have recently been disturbed orhad spoil deposited on them.- At the height of the summer, the towpath is impassable
31
E1
El
rl
IJ
IJ
El
11
D
IJ
IJ
IJ
J
IJ
El
El
IJ
El
IJ
between Sliguff and Upper Ballyellin Lock. The soilhere is nutrient-rich as a result of spoil deposition.It is dominated by coarse, tall herb species - Nettles,Docks, Hogweed, Cleavers and Thistles (Plate 27).- When the vegetation of the towpath was cut in earlyJuly 1992, the cuttings were not removed. The width ofthe maintained/cut towpath is too great.
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects whichnutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the islands, boundary hedge, boundary drainand towpath in the vicinity of Ballyellin Lock in futurecanal operations.- The vegetation on the nutrient-rich spoil deposited onthe river bank and spilling over on to the towpath,should be cut early in the year and as frequently aspossible during the first year. The cuttings must beremoved. The cutting and removal of the first growthsof rank vegetation on the spoil hastens the processwhereby nutrients are removed from the soil. As aresult there will be an increase in non-competitivespecies and diversity. Where the bankverge issufficiently wide a band of the coarse, rank vegetationcan remain, provided it is not near the towpath and doesnot interfere with views of the river. This vegetationattracts its own range of insects.- When the rank, coarse, competitive vegetation has beenremoved through frequent cutting in one year a singlecut at the end of each year should then suffice tomaintain ecological diversity. A single cut ensuresthat scrub species do not colonise the towpath and willalso ensure that the diversity of the seed bank will notbe reduced. Cutting of species before they set seedeliminates the seeds of that particular plant, thusreducing ecological diversity. If, for amenitypurposes, it is necessary to maintain a short vegetationsward for walkers, then a strip of 1-1.5m wide has beenresearched as being wide enough. This strip may then besubjected to frequent cuts, ensuring always that thecuttings are collected. In this way the only reductionin the seed bank will occur in this narrow strip. Theseeds of the plants at the edge of the 1-1.5m strip willensure that ecological diversity will be maintained.- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts thetowpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil, leading to the growth of competitive
32
El
El
Ll
D
iE1
L ,
E1
E1
D
El
EJ
E1
El
E1
E1
E1
E1
L71
El
E1
E1
E1
El
1
species. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soilenrichment does not take place (Contrast Plates 5 and21).- Bankside trees remain along some of this stretch.These should not be removed unnecessarily. Spoil may bedeposited between them.
33
El
t__(
N
oS It 4- Ick0
`PI'S
uM Q Qc
O
IPA - S& b
u
i to
M1
ry o 7Lj)y
U
1 P=
CUM' SP
cq (CV
se rM b
0
%
N
E1
E1
a'
Oo
,
E1
E
E1
M1cp
a
Q
l
e
.I
II _'1 I//lllll,
IS ti'(
wt
^lp
0
o,o
I-
0
0
a
190
l cf U
.r
G
11 c{a aqa
M
a.
iJGtnn d 'I honSe
Ak
17
1 o
71
D
r-I
/ ,
@10"sc
- <v - v"ke SSt j
I
CY
P.
8Ni13
lb
E\
L ,'
(ceJ(L .
lu m
tS
LJ!;,
h`GPAry
tom!
8N -44
I
tS q(Qy,1,
C/°C all% Am
-falI CCtL 1N .
Pl
Ell,, III
El
El
'9p
g V,to
,65,
oq(61 C bV,
-3 ti1A , R
El
El
El
El
El
.El
.El
El
El
E1
El
El
E1
El
'(qGQ tdc rlS
11
t14
8N4s6(uz
0021
'"'
u
Nrnru... (al(S
I- a.46 C.kinruunnrriiit lift
El
u
E1
E1
E1
El
El
El
E1
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
BARROW NAVIGATION
UPR. BALLYELLLIN LOCK - LR. BALLYELLIN LOCKKM SECTIONS BN45-BN48
approx. 2.5kms east bank
OBSERVATIONS:There is an open aspect to this stretch of river whichpasses through Goresbridge. South of the town, theriver and towpath become somewhat enclosed. This is dueto the presence of some trees on the bank and woodlandalong the boundary.
GOOD FEATURES:- Good examples of reed beds and fringing vegetation.- Many dragonflies attracted to the area because of theamount of fringing vegetation.- Many ducks and swans in the area feeding in the reedbeds.- Small island covered with trees immediately south ofGoresbridge provides a roosting area for the many ducksin the vicinity.- Species-rich boundary drain in association with aspecies-rich hedge including Spindle.- Large fields - grazed - sloping down to the west riverbank just north of Goresbridge form another habitat inthe area (non OPW property).- Spoil has been deposited along the stretch. Not allof it is nutrient-rich. Some of it is gravel whichcomes from the fast-flowing stretches of river. Thisgravel on the towpath is another habitat which adds tothe overall diversity of the area (Plate 28).- Extensive woodland area in the vicinity of Lr.Ballyellin Lock (non OPW property), again adds to theoverall diversity of the area.
BAD FEATURES:- When the vegetation of the towpath was cut in earlyJuly 1992, the cuttings were not removed. The width ofmaintained/cut towpath is too great.
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects whichnutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the island, boundary hedge and boundary drainin future canal operations.- Cuttings of all vegetation on the bank and towpathmust be removed. The cutting and removal of the firstgrowths of rank vegetation hastens the process whereby
34
El
El
7
L
U
El
El
El
El
.7
.J
rlu
'-1u
71
L
nutrients are removed from the soil. As a result therewill be an increase in non-competitive species anddiversity. Further cuts in the first year will benecessary. Where the bankverge is sufficiently wide aband of the coarse, rank vegetation can remain, providedit is not near the towpath and does not interfere withviews of the river. This vegetation attracts its ownrange of insects.- Bankside trees remain along some of this stretch.These should not be removed unnecessarily. Spoil may bedeposited between them.- When coarse, competitive vegetation has been removedthrough frequent cutting in one year a single cut at theend of each year should then suffice to maintainecological diversity. A single cut ensures that scrubspecies do not colonise the towpath and will also ensurethat the diversity of the seed bank will not be reduced.Cutting of species before they set seed eliminates theseeds of that particular plant, thus reducing ecologicaldiversity. If, for amenity purposes, it is necessary tomaintain a short vegetation sward for walkers, then astrip of 1-1.5m wide has been researched as being wideenough. This strip may then be subjected to frequentcuts, ensuring always that the cuttings are collected.In this way the only reduction in the seed bank willoccur in this narrow strip. The seeds of the plants atthe edge of the 1-1.5m strip will ensure that ecologicaldiversity will be maintained.- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts thetowpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil, leading to the growth of competitivespecies. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soilenrichment does not take place (Contrast Plates 5 and21).
35
L
LJ
L
LJ
lu
L
L
r- their.
L
r-I
L
L1
.El
r1U
El
r--y
LJ
71
LJ
El
/
l
,linntnlnnnnn
rlu
El
rJ
Clww-,
-yru NQV ' `A(QLiAAh,
rmui{nISck
El
r7L.-j
(c w vvwlq
El
LJ
El
Cops ea(0(sc VIAV,IQCiq
/1cL
1gP
,' A
.j
j
El
BN k7zWIP 13rtl2 'Ertli.840rr
?hrrrr5 3 i,;,
El
El
El
XX1.14
r-I
El
r-ILJ
LJ
`J
LJ
s
u
A Iri.,r3:
u
' J4'J(aIJ /( Sc
14d,a d
7;q q
suk .
tii
I o. "j,
L
BARROW NAVIGATION
D.
El
17
5
s
5
El
El
17
El
El
s
5
El
rlti
s
5
s
5
LR. BALLYELLLIN LOCK - BALLYNAGRANE LOCKKM SECTIONS BN48-BN55approx. 8kms east bank
OBSERVATIONS:This is a wonderful rural stretch of river enclosedalong some sections on both sides by steep, rocky andforested hills. Borris Demesne - a large wooded estate- is on the east bank south of Ballytiglea Bridge.
GOOD FEATURES:- old mixed deciduous woodland of Larch, Beech, Spindle,Oak, Hazel, Alder and Willow along the stretch betweenLr. Ballyellin and Ballytiglea Locks (east bank, not OPWproperty).- Species-rich boundary drain in association with adiverse hedgerow including Spindle, Oak and Hazel addsto the ecological diversity of the area.- Small islands (OPW property), covered in scrub providecover for otters (BN49, 50 and 52) and roosting groundfor ducks.- Mature mixed woodland along the west bank (BN51) onthe approach to Ballytiglea Bridge and south of it(BN52-54).- Many Herons and Swans in the area. The Herons roost inthe tall trees.- Species-rich pond on the boundary (east bank)immediately north of Ballytiglea Bridge (Plate 29)supports a wide range of aquatic species includingplants rarely seen on navigable waterways. Such speciesinclude Oenanthe fistulosa (Tubular Water-dropwort) andRumex hydrolopathum (Water Dock).- The woodland at Borris Estate (not OPW property),which borders the Barrow Navigation (BN52-54) is and ASIof Regional Importance. It is one of the largestdeciduous woods in the county and is predominantly ofOak with Hazel, Beech and Holly. It has acharacteristic ground flora including elements from wetclay soils. It also supports a diversity of passerinebirds with a typical woodland insect fauna (Plate 30).- Species which are on the decline nationally - Geraniumrotundifolium (Round-leaved Crane's-bill) and Carduusnutans (Musk Thistle) - grow on the lands of Borris GolfClub within Borris Estate.- The towpath is a short grassy sward south of BorrisLock and is walkable.
BAD FEATURES:- When the vegetation of the towpath was cut in earlyJuly 1992, the cuttings were not removed. The width ofmaintained/cut is too great.- Spoil deposited on the bank and towpath. Spoil acts
36
s
El
El
El
El
71
D
El
El
11
El
t__J
El
El
D
L
El
D
E1
as fertiliser which enriches the soil and encouragescoarse, rank vegetation to thrive. This vegetationconsists of Nettles, Cleavers, Hogweed, Docks and roughgrasses.- New house on the east river bank (not OPW property).There are no trees screening it from the towpath and italso detracts from the view north from the bridge.- Horses using the towpath south of Borris Lock as faras Bunmahon River.
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects whichnutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.- To curb the use of the towpath by horses.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the islands, the pond at Ballytiglea Bridge,the boundary hedge and boundary drain in future canaloperations.- The vegetation on the nutrient-rich spoil deposited onthe river bank (over flow on the towpath), should be cutearly in the year and as frequently as possible duringthe first year. The cuttings must be removed. Thecutting and removal of the first growths of rankvegetation on the spoil hastens the process wherebynutrients are removed from the soil. As a result therewill be an increase in non-competitive species anddiversity. Where the bankverge is sufficiently wide aband of the coarse, rank vegetation can remain, providedit is not near the towpath and does not interfere withviews of the river. This vegetation attracts its ownrange of insects (Contrast Plates 5 and 21).- When the rank, coarse, competitive vegetation has beenremoved through frequent cutting in one year a singlecut at the end of each of the following years - providedthere is no further deposition of spoil - should thensuffice to maintain ecological diversity. A single cutensures that scrub species do not colonise the towpathand will also ensure that the diversity of the seed bankwill not be reduced. Cutting of species before they setseed eliminates the seeds of that particular plant, thusreducing ecological diversity. If, for amenitypurposes, it is necessary to maintain a short vegetationsward for walkers, then a strip of 1-1.5m wide has beenresearched as being wide enough. This strip may then besubjected to frequent cuts, ensuring always that thecuttings are collected. In this way the only reductionin the seed bank will occur in this narrow strip. Theseeds of the plants at the edge of the 1-1.5m strip willensure that ecological diversity will be maintained.- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts the
37
E1
E1
L71
L-.I
L
EJ
El
EJ
El
EJ
El
El
El
Ei
Ei
s
El
sU
5ss
towpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil, leading to the growth of competitivespecies. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soilenrichment does not take place (Contrast Plates 5 and21).- Enlist the co-operation of the landowner of thewoodland of Borris Estate in preserving the overallecological diversity of the area.- Determine who the owner of the horses is and prohibitaccess on to OPW property. There may be a need toenter into negotiations with the owners of the adjacentproperty as it may be necessary to erect a fence betweenOPW and private property and so prevent access by thehorses.
38
5
El
:J
EJ
1El
3
1JL
1
1
1
3
D
,irL.O:W...... O.r.(911.A/nH/!o
P9tlf li
(lnlrn' .
,et "Ic.. ,
1
EJ
BN tig
L
', r..4_ 1 -
- SVA I cWcat r q, f c}
Lj 41(1 Tlks a lwa g0U
/t
ct(aai
-w--
lv
cpeM.
7
E1
D 1)
VICA tR
ti' icl s(Q (c
El
El
E1
EJ
El
E1
E1
L1
r,L-j
L1
3.745
v50\
'.181
.990
El
L
D
L
"I'l RrQ mt
W ACM
aIA/\
SLu ( kLXO
5
El
El
El
El
El
El
El
1' .
ctS / WI ltctiv , alcfe,.f
icv
a3
Sol
8N5,
-loo
Th - qra aUa. c 1.c4-
LI
c,e C \L"-Lz(c6
oc ie
reA .
690
pa
°' 4s.6.uuJ96'
ct
Xx
SotsWPIQ
4ceivtklpt
l(q(wQb&a IN
-'. c k- draIV
at
A1qN
S
c
i
3
a eyi
t
SG(x Ot(,q
1
T.
100
aQ
Q
s
O'Ll
s
aa
e
° ,, eD : 7D
0. o
5 0
s r 3
bkv_ Atni t
bi w
k
)sC
Oe'e I-ulc
L
SatL s
e4' .de
w
B
/
awl food - ` a.
c UkS P"
El
5
E1
El
VC"l, 1 yJ ,JBOV'J
iycur tST (No.6)
95
5
E]
I 1 T
29.70
KN _YW(ri
t1
Fr- YJ t
Al
TP-tivvde ,Q +10,
v ' 9c/c U1c
tP
EV'1A LX-1\t -
P (t,ji h t1su tii obr.,wro l ..vN
.
B.11-86,
Ad
-al
El
El
El
r-,L-J
El
El
D
CtS t
Tea ` s ward access yE~-
lx
MUC ,
D
L1
cuv4x
cra sicU (cci'
ClictCl
CLi-C9,1U
(%{ctSl i
B AJ&ok.ice o", s1
4p.nc,
ADO
' i tq 46,
3ID
D
7.190
L 10
0`f
3
3
D
3
3
D
,3
5370
17.870
3.400
7.890
0D
D
D
D
D
3340
EJ
t_J
BARROW NAVIGATION
El
E1
EJ
EJ
EJ
E1
EJ
E1
E1
El
EJ
EJ
EJ
E1
E1
BALLYNAGRANE LOCK - GRAIGUENAMANAGH KM SECTIONS BN55-BN61approx. 6kms east bank
OBSERVATIONS:This is another wonderful rural stretch of riverenclosed along some sections on both sides by steep,rocky and forested hills. There are also interestingviews to the Blackstairs Mountains and Brandon Hill.
GOOD FEATURES:- A large woodland - mature and mixed - along the eastbank as far as Cournellan House (end BN56) and south ofCournellan Lock (Clashganna) extending for three kms(BN58-BN60) (Plates 31 and 32), both non OPW property.There is an abundance of Oak, Hazel, Beech, and Spindlewith some conifers. These trees add to the overallecological value of the area. Remarkably, there arevery few Sycamores present.- This woodland is steeply embanked with many large rockformations evident at Clashganna and on the northeastern approach to Graiguenamanagh. The crevicesbetween the rocks are damp and shaded and provide anecological niche for rare ferns, and mountainousgrasses, rushes and sedges (Plate 34).- Mature trees on offside (west bank) as far asCournellan Lock and for a short stretch just north ofGraiguenamanagh. They are right down to the river edgeand include such species as Alder and White Willow.- Small islands (BN56, OPW property) are dominated byscrub.- The island at Ballykeenan Cut (Plates 31 and 32) (notOPW property) supports a diversity of habitats - wetmeadow which is grazed during the summer, a graduallysloping river edge and scrub.- Species-rich boundary drain.- Good aquatic diversity in the river and canal (Plate31).- Trees along the bankverge in BN60.
BAD FEATURES:- Spoil deposited on the bank. Spoil acts as fertiliserwhich enriches the soil and encourages coarse, rankvegetation to thrive. This vegetation consists ofNettles, Cleavers, Hogweed, Docks and rough grasses.- The wide towpath has been cut too frequently and thecuttings not removed. The frequent cutting has led to areduction in flowers during the summer. Uncollectedcuttings create a mulch which gradually builds up thesoil fertility to the stage where competitive, coarsespecies will dominate. The width of maintained/cuttowpath is too great.- There are old forestry tracks criss-crossing the steep
39
E1
rT
rl
J
E1
'-1U
71
E1
i]
i
El
E1
E1
El
E1
EJ
El
E1
E1
El
v
E1
E1
EJ
slopes of the woodland and allowing vehicular access onto the towpath. There is also the possibility oferosion due to increased run-off from these tracks.- Repair work to the accommodation bridge at BallykeenanLock has not yet been completed (commenced in Jan. 193).This bridge is used by cattle to gain access to theisland. It has been raised but the soil not built uparound it. It may be difficult for the cattle toactually get up on to it. Discussions with thelandowner are ongoing at the time of going to press.The bridge also needs to be finished off with naturalstone.
OBJECTIVES:- To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.- To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects whichnutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.- To erect barriers where old forestry tracks providevehicular access to the towpath.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the islands, boundary hedge and boundary drainin future canal operations.- The vegetation on the nutrient-rich spoil deposited onthe river bank, should be cut early in the year and asfrequently as possible during the first year. Thecuttings must be removed. The cutting and removal ofthe first growths of rank vegetation on the spoilhastens the process whereby nutrients are removed fromthe soil. As a result there will be an increase innon-competitive species and diversity. Where thebankverge is sufficiently wide a band of the coarse,rank vegetation can remain, provided it is not near thetowpath and does not interfere with views of the river.This vegetation attracts its own range of insects.- Enlist the co-operation of the landowner of thewoodlands in preserving the overall ecological diversityof the area. It might also be useful to discuss thepossibility of allowing the old tracks revert towoodland. This would go some way towards reducingrun-off and lessening the amount of slope erosion.- Erect barriers where the old-forestry tracks lead onto the towpath in order to prevent vehicular access.- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts thetowpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil, leading to the growth of competitivespecies. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soilenrichment does not take place.- Reduce both the width and number of cuttings of
40
rl
11
El
E1
EJ
EJ
El
u
El
El
El
LJ
EJ
El
EJ
EJ
EJ
grasses and flowering species on either side of thesurfaced towpath. A narrow strip (lm) can be frequentlycut. The remainder of the bank and boundary verges canbe cut late in the year. Cutting late in the yearallows the plants to grow, flower and set seed. Theadvantages of this from a wildlife point of view aremany. Insects can pupate and feed off their host plantand move around the general area. These in turn becomea food source for birds and other small mammals. Thereis also the aesthetic value which attaches to thepresence of a herb layer of medium height contrastingwith both the taller tree and shrub layer and the lowground layer of the towpath.
41
EJ
LJ
rl
L
'(/
t
\ 2.720
8.41.62.3\ 9.402
IN W 4.160
20(3 k.
Ueb61.460
/y /1
62
,rnellan Lock
OR-
3880
7 190
4350
6y.98 0
1340
El
71
ssEl
sEl
s
r-l
,.oeot;.. 24y
1P-
I cWMA
1014,
madeJ4,A
c° KILKENNY
8.d
ClashBr
3
Slu
490
1'' aCl.
64A
yo9p ..i
y 2.820
11
M. t6.?.-9,
$? MULLI
410
1341ugt . '.
/
4120
l -clal
_
11'
E1 El
17 E1
E1
71
[I[I
U U
U U
U U
(o3G
Q1
_i.r
r363
21Q
_ t C
,1I%
I-I
L1
El
71
El
El
r-I
L
El
L
El
L
r-I
r-I
rlu
LJ
rlLJ
LJ
L
El
LJ
eA c Cp tiv
AS
ilI GG
tia
C
t
piltw
a,w
C, I
uuv1 e cr(
BN 6O
r'- -14 '-A WIdL
C
oak
r. _L%o
tiv uk ends
here .
UT,
4v d
t aid ,
,9S" V,
VDU
TP cud iic--grays cail"cfe,
o sv``P9
71
El
L
Yt
(n
KC
0
0
v0
a
0
f
9'
Scl
r
i%AQ
U r hc diaica
Y(,i
r
4%
A'
00
0j
s
lo + (K bc1
t asst a((
1
RO
o
Uv f MU .
01 cuCC.
rA/J
U
U
r-I MAP
r-I
r,LJ
E1
E1
E1
p
El
v1lUtA ,(,LO
BARROW NAVIGATION
El
L.J
71
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
s
v
s
s
GRAIGUENAMANAGH - LR. TINNAHINCH LOCKKM SECTIONS BN61-BN63approx. 2kms east bank
OBSERVATIONS:The town of Graiguenamanagh, nestled as it is in theriver valley, is most picturesque. The wide, manyarched bridge, the weir and the quaint lock housesafford an added attraction. Again there are views tothe mountains.
GOOD FEATURES:- Rich aquatic diversity in the river and canal.- The island cut at Lower Tinnahinch Lock is dominatedby scrub which provides good cover for otters and aroosting ground for wildfowl.- Dense mature woodland on the west bank BN62/63 adds tothe ecological diversity of the area.- Graiguenamanagh Bridge is an old bridge of 7 arches.This extensive area of stonework provides an ecologicalniche for many wall plants.
BAD FEATURES:- Spoil deposited on the bank. Spoil acts as fertiliserwhich enriches the soil and encourages coarse, rankvegetation to thrive. This vegetation consists ofNettles, Cleavers, Hogweed, Docks and rough grasses.- The wide towpath has been cut too frequently and thecuttings not removed. The frequent cutting has led to areduction in flowers during the summer. Uncollectedcuttings create a mulch which gradually builds up thesoil fertility to the stage where competitive, coarsespecies will dominate.- Weir overgrown.
OBJECTIVES:To encourage and maintain ecological diversity.To reduce, as quickly as possible, the effects which
nutrient-rich spoil can have on vegetation.- To prevent soil enrichment as a result of vegetationcuttings remaining on the towpath.
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the island in future canal operations.- The vegetation on the nutrient-rich spoil deposited onthe river bank, should be cut early in the year and asfrequently as possible during the first year. Thecuttings must be removed. The cutting and removal ofthe first growths of rank vegetation on the spoilhastens the process whereby nutrients are removed fromthe soil. As a result there will be an increase innon-competitive species and diversity. Where the
42
El
El
rl
rl
'^1
--
E1
El
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
El
'-1v
El
E1
E1
El
E1
rlv
E1
E1
bankverge is sufficiently wide a band of the coarse,rank vegetation can remain, provided it is not near thetowpath and does not interfere with views of the river.This vegetation attracts its own range of insects.- At present a tractor with flail cutters cuts thetowpath vegetation to a width of 2.75m. Neither thismachine nor another is employed to collect the cuttings.Instead they remain on the path and form a mulch whichenriches the soil, leading to the growth of competitivespecies. For conservation purposes it is most importantthat the cuttings are collected so that this soilenrichment does not take place. (Contrast Plates 5 and21).- Reduce both the width and number of cuttings ofgrasses and flowering species on either side of thesurfaced towpath. A narrow strip (1m) can be frequentlycut. The remainder of the bank and boundary verges canbe cut late in the year. Cutting late in the yearallows the plants to grow, flower and set seed. Theadvantages of this from a wildlife point of view aremany. Insects can pupate and feed off their host plantand move around the general area. These in turn becomea food source for birds and other small mammals. Thereis also the aesthetic value which attaches to thepresence of a herb layer of medium height contrastingwith both the taller tree and shrub layer and the lowground layer of the towpath.- Clear the weir of excess vegetation which otherwisemight prevent salmon moving upstream.
43
E1
r1u
l_ J
El
El
E1
E1
E1
E1
:1
E1
11
-1
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
:1
I1
1'II` btC{ CUqt_CXa,UC1r1(Gl
s<< Fi_(Af(
5 fti( bl,(UL A U<<a L11(t (o Awo'lq
q
/7
A
ttfrq3
/
\
[si
/
E1
E1
El
E1
E1
E1
El
El
E1
BARROW NAVIGATION
LR. TINNAHINCH LOCK - ST. MULLINSKM SECTIONS BN63-69
approx. 5.5km east bank
OBSERVATIONS:The valley begins to open out but the imposing steepslopes on either bank still remain (Plates 35 and 36).
GOOD FEATURES:- Bahana Wood along the east of the river is an ASI ofRegional Importance (not OPW property) (Plate 37). Itis an extensive deciduous woodland amongst coniferousplantations and consists of Oak, Holly, Beech, Elder,Spindle and Whitebeam (Sorbus devoniensis). The grassMilium effusum (Wood Millet) is also present. Accordingto Webb (1977), this grass is rare in mountainousdistricts. The species Trichomanes speciosum (KillarneyFern) has also been found at the north end of this wood.- Species-rich wide boundary drain along most of thisstretch.- Good aquatic diversity in the river and canal (Plates35 and 37).- The opposite bank (slopes of Brandon Hill) is woodeddown to river level (Plate 38).- Scrub and saltmarsh/meadow on the island at St.Mullin's Lock. It is not OPW property but adds to theoverall ecology of the area.
BAD FEATURES:- Spoil deposited on the bank. Spoil acts as fertiliserwhich enriches the soil and encourages coarse, rankvegetation to thrive. This vegetation consists ofNettles, Cleavers, Hogweed, Docks and rough grasses.- The wide towpath has been cut too frequently and thecuttings not removed. This frequent cutting has led toa reduction in flowering varieties during the summer.Uncollected cuttings create a mulch which graduallybuilds up the soil fertility to the stage wherecompetitive, coarse species will dominate.- The width of maintained/cut towpath is too great.- There is an abundance of the non-native Impatiensglandulifera along the boundary verge and bank of thisstretch (Plate 38).
RECOMMENDATIONS:- Protect the island in future canal operations.- The vegetation on the nutrient-rich spoil deposited onthe river bank, should be cut early in the year and asfrequently as possible during the first year. Thecuttings must be removed. The cutting and removal ofthe first growths of rank vegetation on the spoilhastens the process whereby nutrients are removed from
44
E1
E1
E1
E1
E1
El
El
E1
E1
E1
E1
El
El
E1
E1
El
E1
E1
El
E1
the soil. As a result there will be an increase innon-competitive species and diversity. Where thebankverge is sufficiently wide a band of the coarse,rank vegetation can remain, provided it is not near thetowpath and does not interfere with views of the river.This vegetation attracts its own range of insects.- Reduce both the width and number of cuttings ofgrasses and flowering species along the towpath. Anarrow strip (1 - 1.5m) can be frequently cut. Theremainder of the bank and boundary verges can be cutonce late in the year - provided there is no depositionof spoil. Cutting late in the year allows the plants togrow, flower and set seed. The advantages of this froma wildlife point of view are many. The diversity of theseed-bank is not reduced. Insects can pupate and feedoff their host plant and move around the general area.These in turn become a food source for birds and othersmall mammals. There is also the aesthetic value whichattaches to the presence of a herb layer of mediumheight contrasting with both the taller tree and shrublayer and the low ground layer of the towpath.
45
E1
r1
E1
LJ
E1
E1
El
E1
El
r-I
El
E1
3
no Rora-.S7c
VINCH
E1
E1
r-I
.IiB
570
UA&ti Uedq
(4 n",Wittq
fie, ON VA 1 vv Sk U
SN 64 ,3.670
3.1
,El
7orrir
G- 6.
_&{fv,ScJ
es blCu .
El
bga
t o4't,
r:l
D
r :l
71
El
Ur:l
El
1-1
tj\
E1
E1
E1
E1
Li
E1
E C ( l1 v
bcLJ I ll (t U lulu
CA vta
1 fi t, OG
E1
E1
E1
t__{
E1
E1
E1
(c Atom eiedo
A ,{,JO
041,
leuOA
AMOI(C M(1VZ61Q
Guts riper .
lxt3d OQ K
S aw -ca bwl l\ , 1,0 (ly
1
OND
ya l
fU
36\fL.S
9
at
'n0
6`-
a,l((AT6Lb A
9a.
9a.
9?-
90.
Lt?
q0-
vo G! G .
O O' p
9?-
Lt?
9a
YLs?
I-a
0
o r r90 f)
9a YCt>L;?r
cam.
tt 4a3 `t,
O
oG
99
z
My5 '11'
X00 rN". L
PD-
Lit , , ntii
LY-
lei =: - Q.G3.
t.
90. O'.:,,
9n ego
; - -{=-
G! 1.p.
.9° .O cs-
7F- , h.Q. t-
qa. 'lei%: 'isO
99- .
oeo u'}. p' 9a'
o9
990
vtgy O' bi
utatW'Ly?r pqy ., o
\M?79 f
3f
PAM 41Gt . t
a
D
D
^,o (:;
rah
;.
C .3;,j?r
0 9a- ' o
yD 1.14.
Q
9a
w'ry'
osoe'
Le?
9o- L1?
3e1, rxt K,21w,a5ti:
;a o
o
r.
4
Q
(4t `J
r
0
.i7a 9o-
G9o- LsZ
a1Yta
Ls
:.... _ : _ G1.
9o-
P3
: b'L
t,,k
ca-:
.c`
.9°. :,GL
r __bt, L,,Jr
e
ca%:
Jr1.)%LF
L1
1L
o
pa
3.208
3.176
YT
2.271
7.088
Tan4
530
-400
4.199
40
1.650
v
2.153
540r,
500
22
21
ag,
3.781
.940
ll
1
700
4
ti6
bal c(AL&
ate,, 4lo. 5
21
3 N^CO\. Heel t
1O
11.750
Qn
ullin's Lock
a Qn
2Qn
C3,.¢Qs
C3
M stiQ wtAV4
¢Qn
A
a Qs
¢Qn
I llaL094
6 w1 clQ
L (S-/q38.797
f
Parochial House
899
#T
f
9.308f
11 71'PA8.230
1.420
k1.m
a
,o
cCl
k1 lnc,,, oll
r
f
Brandon View
GtS1 i!Cn few .. y
:.
0
IL
Q1
1
1
1
1
1
1
n
0
v
kti
SILL,1i 4C
wl4 U
C vvl4/wl
L
v
V `
UTA` n
i.3,..' n4nr. .
M.22.9 AQA
crJ
QI_
c^cr ti
Aga
'1 p
cr3 ' r t^,a QA
ti
1ces afo c b
1 ` ,c1(avd track
,Nyk}
A QAr
I
pQA ii
pj,f,ti,b
22 a
p QA
p QA -
;;nJ
_ {x,
17aQA Cr3
4 t(n »l , Okl tc,e(.J
-
fU
.; , x'1.1 .
G
D
D
1-420750
U 650
INv _ &,ww"ql
El C QC' c
KA
Rill
3
El
. S 64K w &
U\t
mote
CkVA
°\U,wk-/- Sp
O\ i , 0o'A
2-420
/040
3-890
200 ;ten
-TI
Tapic ",Z, tax\Grave Yard
1.790
ti(
2.410Spring
J Qls1
2.610
6.790
2.910St. Muffin 's\ 9. M.59 5
y rs\yylulliI 8 aII(tll
100040 1'070 BM 69.9 'V 74
095 > \
2 _.94.. 2.580
1
Bran=don View
... 094
,
't1 k: 4.940
1-050;if
9 '
7 -,
WD
0606.10.100.7
b gob" 0 -.0t4
-880 i
1w
)(66 ekit'v`
m, co
3Oe.c,;.n C,da.f7
ti . {ec
j +alcr
El
El
El
El
E1
El
El
El
El
El
E1
E1
__1
I E1i
El
6 INCH MAPS OF
THE BARROW NAVIGATION
El
El
rl
rl
71
INDEX FOR 6 INCH MAPS OF THE BARROW NAVIGATION
El
1-1
El
1-1
rl
El
rl
El
El
6"1 Athy and Ardreigh Lock6112 Bunberry Br. and Fenton's Br.6113 Bunberry Br., Fenton's Br. and Tankardstown Br.6114 Tankardstown Br. and Levitstown Lock6115 Maganey Br., Maganey Lock and Greese River6116 River Lerr and Bestfield Lock6127 Bestfield Lock6118 Carlow: Graiguecullen Br. and Carlow Lock6119 Clogrennan Lock and Fushoge River6"10 South of Fushoge River6"11 Milford Lock and Cloghristic Wood6"12 Milford Lock, Cloghristic Wood and Orchard Islands6"13 Rathvindon Lock and Leighlinbridge6"14 Rathellin Lock6"15 Rathellin Lock and Bagenalstown Lock6"16 Rail Bridge and Fenniscourt Lock6"17 Slyguff Lock6"18 Slyguff Lock and Upper Ballyellin Weir61'19 Upr Ballyellin Lock, Goresbridge & Lr Ballyellin Lock6"20 Ballytiglea Lock and Bridge61121 Ballytiglea Bridge, Borris Lock & Bunnahown Bridges6"22 Bunnahown Bridge and Ballingrane Lock61123 Clashganna Lock and Ballykeenan Lock6"24 Graiguenamanagh, Upr. and Lr. Tinnehinch Locks6"25 Lr. Tinnehinch Lock and Carriglead Lock6"26 St. Mullins Lock and St. Mullins
F]
L
rJ
rl
L
1
El
Tire
) \11 ar.tr,1 \ i /300\
LJI `JAI TTY(Urban Dist
..; \Ira-pal1 /1.
CHARACTERISTICS AND SYMBOLS
Townland.. .
Municipal Wards..Contours
Trigonometrical Station---
200------- Antiquities
L Antiquities (tlite or).-Q#J
; (raBk, or Footpath, is not evidence of theexistence of a right of way. Electricity Transmission Lines.1:10,560 scale.
A.Y.ttl.1
Lend CroNln
OR/0a
R;fhate arf - :: ./ \t7
Model Farm.(r Rathtle+yM eti
damt at,! XKheel'e i a\ I+A EL'S.V _ hogo
fr?C'!1 ] f 4 = ,I Y00 - I'EETEPV. r / r r " , . , ,J" : 6aets N el E+I
v. j! H71'} 1 \ Lclla 'As P` 71e5pb'. at Nir ,.
1 F,.8.2t t ouD r _I Sao'r 1 ` y .r1, Shed `
8. Y.?18 a a
5 0
- Je,{ Q.[t!r(9 t p fJg (? w LS a
TCLOL"
v riGe,a. cLiw
vw G +t Q
01- (.4t tq- ," j 1-r-.fiioL J pt1. 6/E,v
1 TArdre gh Island
water
-° j!'re,peet Ho.
,\\ Ardreigh Milk(Db-W)/z
r83g 5 f 27 water
Aughaboura
\ Bridge_
IE.Y.2?7.4
7715 I, IGK Gkb.v.?o1 t
fort
-t
----- x ------ x
.
61
.
AI ..
LJ
El
IJ
El
El
IJ
lw.bl. to Flood.
Farmhtll
1` k140F,in
f Z$NF,
+( mil, kf !YP. .LV 10
j I L X 0 it O' '1 L Ef s a 1,
IJ
Mr d I,LIF
BMWf _ 1
(loin eidye
llralh
A365balydly 0
a,
er
El
/ Irwes.YY\s0 .
frv!g..nlllon
r i + '
ary 9''nif
\f Y '
rr
'
Lr./b swa
--z F.
r 1 h a '.
lJ
U
L:abL roV od
I.I.I.l, S
jar. ,
I 71r1[.)f M
bn=labu ary::.\. BurraGk
El
J
71
/r4* 1 8.8.14
92 `
I"cludi\
oft
..-A' f°-"cam A. r t. :' + .. '\ cO '!
it,
` r' %*', rte .7oew '1; r ...
klf
totI
r t:,, ri4fSOY 0tV I j..(1),.{j]yyj 'Y,.
>. f f, 0 lit-_-:ILt f ei ' ' / Jl
A t.
OItON
_ v'D F E R7u5 'oaS1tit,tai s .Ccr,r,
sCcl/JBu 5_. 5 jZt.L
c SPat^eJa.wi,uut, e,+.rwsw
5 f'Od )V &tA, IC4,f l'Zeer %B
J_rdtmc
rI
L_ S I I Ii o. /6
r"r r1
:. 7U0
(E. D.
:356J..Ldu y a
am I
.x.P
O 's.111-3
Ld
u111L1 , ... 'e ,, .
-I-
cl) t-P -v . nl
8.0,45-t
noge)P
30
IF
uvtsC.. o o&fL`t;,
l
y30
8 wager
1
angen,elkn,)
ON6--/UG 7> Ft tu,e. , _
J7 viel-I m r p GNl4 .
ZL T 64- 08t1 vsv
1
i.lGL1 G,l.`J C iF.LIU /ifiYn
tit `......?ocr
NJRc-RNEy
4!vY.r
24 5
A R
I
gas 3 6t..iuMp Y ! !/
6'S
rc p F ITiu265
ui&rLVwlb a. r ce - o-- Sy.- tuP,
00,
f-- T ree4 .
,6&,b FoWva4as
/2 J& r04SPA day dbk. V'CjV
'-" no rev .1.
0Exr I
Wrti2
lwdrdfwy 0
`1r.wii
oll kn
r IIRe
,` TIII 1-lDlll
1 cZill.i' -x) I
QD.. AV J.c I!' , D4' 71' IPl
- ES7`iE[/" A&IMI Ey OR.
1
lo f
:`Lvl
lY!a '..1
r'.Lrrr Br.
Olbr!6
4)kit I-WNW 1 it- u iI
1 . .
t iUJ YI NIVMi1 4P )-Y A
11`, `1.r k 1' III u t '
t
/ t' huroh , p'
6U6
Ilp
P I'
24
'a0
.
i.i.n0 0
'. 2lel,/ my ' .
.a .1
.<
I.
Nl/IGAIVcy BC-8FS'r1=rE ,CCCK,
.
B sTFI' lE/ C1 GDW,t.oc, k
8N I(o- IR
G 2O,
Gu
u °y
a0 P o f need a
I
i
to'm
...A,.,
p'r
. . 1
o .
7
,
41
cy -,e," 4/. w.BAD FE9Tu2Es;
s
` f-- o- / 4s no,/elf" ill -
;,dFRtmlg
.L
t Rrart6un1,1 7
.
ei T1.1 i1 Crouo - (a 6LO(k t aw ; N F aT 7iT i _ _ _ r rn Col Cafes ty z i : f. r a... '4v U Fa`oTTt
' °'a`p`.-Ire,
II9 / s 167-I ,y ^- 8.r k _.F' 1 1 I / Co l 'fe r _} Ma ,e l'l[U 9q,L° ha at Qr` t... tw
is 9 f9 n..0 eemt / l! L L.,! 1fJ.! I tie -Barn,lr 11 LL .Up 6. nac_. s .` a SEf $f. err t 1 r 11
D ; - v°"t.i H o \ e rv Fre.b h A, th° Chipri y Afercy SCnnol..- ,>t: J .i m. ', . PresD S'a fBDv 728 < T 1 a ! N te. ca Convert I °hOrc 39'
° a r14clUarrg na L ,e T r a ' ler iey
\T` 41/ . f -: f6r I .V 0 Pa ,.. ,rr T` f
-9 r r.. aT c3icli tl° i. rr ° « < c 1 v ve!rAw r' G a _z r" C,\'tfar re ,'r 6e if +.f WorksDN-- I' t MFG W' L r 7 a``"L.3 N.w-4.Sa s r c'''
r / Town Ha!'x._.JHD6 .a`9iairrrrmoo- "r.
1a^" u lL,YV rParsonage.
-o c cerrouc . 3 jiCr F '' l)a{ ! t J ocerE== St p TRICKS.
L /C.dNn '%dJ oo?CLEG- .. r.naro is4e.^-,G1 LJ' .6d:i k. Jk.q
Ppaz Clare " twil iv . i-,+.c : tl 'i' i ` _.__Con tnt t, asrrnr ' r .- .,./ > - ' .. J,
.Q toy r
76P.0 T_l fu.n
cnacb .C.B C..K V (+ 4
:T/E: L z: c. Lrs'ir Kits SK :4' t 4 '[r
a oC YI; X" Liable to t
""1 'Va i' tFhood)
Peal
s- ar./E3 / 3fra wHe. V
a-ra 11 A
0
a6f°oLrI+ F p 4S J w.._--InT' °; r(TiBElgrl°n ht " l: 'call
Lat'mLI/,- KelvinGrove IZ C`.nrc
Sa
zo Q Z e'TmC
1r f -nOlt
t
(fAGcr Works'i'eNho\^rrr.r Lr:r 7..D_x,-/$y FAIR Fit LD.lTh alod,AJlort.7 `Q s7
d ack Ta,&t-v6
5,v
q wtealii.11" g,"13 _ j
1.
Rjlzil (edAt kxu. (c)4
f
a r '
= -- -fp
A ;
0 -p VV. T
Lode-; aJ- v \C\-
: .r `..
..
/ .: . n ,3' , .> 'Tar 8r. An p a .ei .!
kf]i' I .,t
.aa 1 - - -., ,T I'B.r a_Z / i 6 c Ii`'e
°0 1n /!/ I HAY
.aq F ! ° I r _ T--1D
, l .+.r..--44 C
U J .ate . tev s flcsale>$n
.\.: o ;o?,.ma;-- .,` i 6.x'3" L f { _
! J ';.
1
c r JJ Vle3ll.n > , .
1,. v fe. 1f
j.Z.
\Q ,hremon .\
1 lL " "gypC she yx:.-':.
m
r ggrLL_ pefa
reccA
We4vtlee" C.If le f Spvm - -r
I Ip
'8arlm Fo'
Recrtn;` ; p°Otrei Herr 9
oS.N 187
: __
C.fC.Ground! ,r
3irrromoor -
- `. '
r.. .i7cC
A,
18AD FeTUR-si:a H416
B ed ~ ,eS ti v 'ffi F
Hon
!7L5
k,.>
Lt
M l9 ''c..., d -r1 Rectory
6.1tG
N9
D F r Tu P.-G- Ae,a,4" i
U t r1, te
O eF( -. (et hoc) i
Bale , 5 p kweed ( a lTv nrt r f at.l., S -
JSv V I l V.,Nit n /
` y 2 f
8.1./51 5
\Hr,usr U Q ow ,(,d I-
v
c.-1lekoc cJ A.OC K rofit6doe'S eL-V
6N /,1- bN :z 3
lib aC
c
1
Including 6 " 1
Cti
1
L
/
D fi,& at-. 5 a
BMA FEATP-GS :f LL
Srtaar.n:cod:
County ..............Barony................................
f ! Parish_.........
Tho
CHARACTERISTICS AND SYMBOLS
Town land ...................... ..........................Municipal Wards ................ _ _ - - - -Contours .................. . .... .-
Trigonomctricnl Station..... ..................Antiquitiek
Antiquilitt (iie erg -
i
su./s/ a
MiLF1/c ocK
.._....-- I
.1
...
---
% F ./'r/llrttD= /
CLOGR E WWTV O LK
u1
r
o F
In61u 1n 1 /D waft.' %%
5 triage :.;/fro u
IL
BCi
FU5riocE ecv Yo Mi,Pj7 c #:SAJ
&VO,D F P-f 7 - 5 :A6 4W t dQa :r.Qaw /t `7' . b k (w o f
cvf wee lru. a, ind(2
t Prat 11Qcue
6,-7J> FsyvLC b k.
ufrGu, g r ve5 . Pe
-c-1 ever - -O
A
}ti
n210
f
200====_
====I
Covert rpBa.unree'' e
Wood^i
y_,
.C
/ B.Y. 161 1 w( I6Tabard
.200
//.
B
e.
r6a
Ive
114
4
1
O
\ p.fir Cro
:
o. , i
Milford
A
....117
- .G
-
H x
1
\I
p ,' ° IBI IP IIale I A R
Triduding 1S 988o.DEfuding 14 1
r-IP6ater
LEI
Rites
f FAR Z Or 708RD4t
9.....7,
1111 /Incl. 0 a 6
° r It
,!l
/,
uS
5 0 35neluding 1 1 32 water
trpr1g Sgroam Mi$... ptwo"
Id ridg.
0 \ Y
V e.r.,1s 1
m Ia'11 .
0
At
a ab%Kilford Mailings
t.
Lenham Lodge
1
p
200 i A
-_DMilford Lo ge .
Co. C s l o w
M.s
'use
l A / allinabrannaSehnol8 /
ue
L
L--P
AJ7
8.8.165.0
1L
M
Mcrow
-
x rrl
p
hriit
2k
0
1l!/
-_. "
re.
.
-7..
-rte. Y b .. POak
,uO;
'
is t.wl
.. t
.
t
-Ly
x
p I,,t'_-- I
0
T:
e.M
IsO,
s.r./v'0
C
if
t
%
'/ 2p0
K i ,,°8J.171 I
i µ, a)
III
p .111;ri _.
NJ, hi I1 K//
A..
, ', 4900
z}
X11
tw
/i.Foa '. a ' ht el
a
I.
NI 'a
a
-; rir. P la
D
r
o
.%l /.......u7? ...:'° t 0 °
vg,3 Off'! a a® W-2,
7e
1
O
V
t »r
e
L
xl
1
,.+c.:mue ctixlt
I I
I
I
L
1
I
m1-I
r
h 4--
r- zoo
ens
--A _.......... :.......fl P
7388/ 01 16\Ipfluding 14 / 22 water
Rises
lPd 0 Frl7 1 Ifs 11D LL -J A {t...;
Inclu// rn 18 water..R./Ir \ 5 BtiDorf r _ ,.s,r IIkll:-c:31
t
i. '
Fo f.D RUTH v,n15o,,1 LoBfJ
- c lit 141d.- 6A:t1
/ 17' d4cep-r r-o e.,5t;;
dam-
-ruRC-s
k1' .
I- sp ah, 6!e.fiv(i ,rt d ry VIC ,
No.
Pbwerst own Hofsex /
i r
r ,
C O . a' 1
la+^
/'.Ton and
W/lt7L LYL 1I1/ 1!n®WyE.
5 y 0 5_-32uding 1 1 wateI.I.r1e'I
200 '& I. . itI
1
fL4P
L
LJ /
i.oK -
XAS jr
F ,g
MLFoie ,C.oic
$/.- Ca4-(00
X1
yA5X1 . .ea,.e. e,
VLi
a. 0 /e/ a
°Gardr ,ncnana
n :g.9 Rer,aee In 199f ?9.1f9? Leren r.naed in ism.
Station - xe xc v
Ol.naodge
iLIEIV"SRIDGEfrom Mum 84eag
LEIGHLINBRIDG£ TD
CHARACTERISTICS AND SYMBOLS
Nil- Fo I-D -Oc-K- R11-tHv1AJD,Ji.oc.
BN;`j-i
'
zu- -scpl
);Ab FFR rui2cs
sp an,
4
L -y .. ................. .......---- Townland ................ . ,.......................Municipal Wards ..........................Contours........ ,....
lesertetion nn this Mnn of n Ro.c! T....1, .. . -
_
lnClkdine 3
gchoeirarl %
Trigonometrical Station ,......,._.............,.,- ,.Antiquities ...................................Antiquities (i o) .........................................i.
,elf TN v'jn1,119 ,( gk
Go - t
eAfit. .
vtJ lJ
' .fit iJL,1L Y E'Nor-y`e r
r.e a y A R, s ae.,r«
244 '. 2 2?t including 10, 2 38 water /
I'
ony. _......
- D"L l d- 4vt y
"> CP
Lr.nl tm".
.
.............................................
........................................
Cube
Bur 61 L4oe
8.8./66 6
8.Y /17 8
goat He.
8.1./33 9
0.91332\ /36
:ledge
I !a
HouBe
]illli nr Qaur '/}7l ( f cz /l EW/r!/
wafer
Fox Covert
Cu/mCrusher
l-J
ID
3
D
Town B:Y_
L
9. r ,06 .5
,
..I
e
RmaIt-Au eie4
loci'C
8.0135 5
IfZiiTH1./IV "e lc
n
d 4-
K T
v6N 3?-/
BA
D2wr. 4
&caa rza e
I
--
05pita
iso
..
SyncH
.bor man
1r i n
r--1
W.Crasher
e.r
Ion, r)
".106F
.r.N5
A R
P
, 0BI 3-----cludin/ 9 1 ST for
771
L
a_
urveyed in 1839. Revisedit in 1898. Levels rv
!J
,E1
G-vDD FEA-raivas:-E} Yeti. c
6edw fi IuQ VIe
6d,
tia HJ . ;4tJ ite,q,r> r-cRTapoeg ,
From Palace £u1
SL/CUFF TO
CHARACTERISTIC8 AND SYMBOL8
Townland ............. .:.......................- - - - - - - Municipal Wards...... ---- ao`------------ Contours_...................._
i Road, Track, or Footpath, is not evidence of the existence of a right of way.raoteristics: 1:10,660 scale.
Kd
..........
r-l
t zGCvti, Nor pi" c
jtrlit tC 7.'bf- /a/vvut CAE'.
M-Ce jam,
_
l.r.14
L
Ma+ l%ree WL
rv C tti .a(,
r-Sp Qa,l?e6d.v J
J FG ATu R,E S ;Svres dI , - k r
Ptv- grocat / -a - /?GctIc1
1 /.NI 1 ------------ - .-
727,IW,6&
f-6WA1454&RT 4PCK ?"v&CPR. BAL i ya u I ill 40"' GL3N -ftS
GA FF/ : u.P6g
t4tcl tt
C qg 0 LLA -
- 1.
lxz-y1te,
ltT;lgr
at,!Zs-
i
I
i l
i s
II/ t
b18 Li,/0 I
ttiPR. 1.. Cc
FENa6kp,T 46eK rc
FGAg 6/F % ,e :I - 1 Yw' '
U,/-t. It
- S,o cc!v Xct L I- o- arlra - -e5
x ' . lsLl,
l D pvFi A ru e,E S3 pv moo,
2,r- JSp Qa.Fe cz 49-- o
9 rC u GtLo
- lrt eix'J" o.- iJ
/7
i L
goes!
d R ?379 38nq 6 J 77 I
1
.j1. I/ SG.
j
d7164GWl ., ,
r_
I_
- C.I,Cv.o
1
.i.m.o iff Gw r
r" I19 S IM a
td,PP . c.c "<- _Lia, 3IFU.Nr1.c.)nl --OCK.
3P 4s---49
1 IL ' `Y X, -M- 11.1?. . re°'
w1
Iwci.iwa r. r y Lff9 !
i
4 94 1.
q R.c,c. E[Zi aK
t
. Ir
°o °o
R.n ACS in 1905- E.
- a- ©b D a cq RAIAI G ea.n
C"-AM
Tieee- C-Eo e-resL t . Sw
c)
8n,p FG R Tu,t ES :- S p lz e OYC fee su1.
to Hue ~r4c4w,
Q/3l 4'tAxei t- t V w / &"- t
r-1- n , n
C omniled and Printed by tk
I q I.
bI
t
9! .F t atee htE- re
i ko-
'ALA
S -C:t E rctH^t, ct t _ 6A) J-',
r"?` ,r.,,.$
o1 1Syrn.r, .u.yv`- D'
OVA-
vtz
bc(. fo 29v2 .G.e
GcoD F(T ESQFLO-
Lt w.t-G-4Gti(AMA
A Tr ztitJ
QaC I{ i
LP. ,.OGK -St?LLyN/jG2fq/VG ,GOO
66 `e
Itio c
',c,t:C urtiei
e 1LJ / ubt /vt pr f r Jl, 'sL r0 rlu
/l r-BC G.sc.:r,z 8e 4eIs
-`.x /
trees sheaW he Pt- L e
It IT.
GevD Fr lL
-4,} p 4cUUA cc, 8e-
a4 FI S 1. Tree/ a. Oak , j4a >
13e C a^ 1 F1 c (.(jA o c eJ edi t Zt_ -n_tto aoti- AStcL4 4 4 k
s p.- i!A bd
e V.
a . ;W.
fit-
at, A.(, de
lOf. V t'
b'22°N
1rd
2fwta.is 1 .2... J7 w,
GAD F ,11uR ;
Ame
z1 .tio 1J C
vcca,, arc d fee c -c F 9)- ;t .
a. ,1 C2 e /6-r ti s2r - --/),/ait
C j n On D W u
rye ,oar-t Z3( eOL`e ri}- 5 c .Q LGJ Qiti R f G e- ..
t' i
00 70 so C.wviw ,uolb.d Jdap
Woodlr
DALLY-XEENdN T'.
iVAon+oo
BILLYRO
.........
A
.ra,wp3s
00 wm .
kit-y4-(
.L Grw ,r/Jire- Ll/
Ztloo-
8.M1H
--t .rZ,/i
.1L"/ (iJLLtii l/
/ /x 4z,
ai - v :4G 1c aA N
aF /
f..if.GW b!/ .e t .v s2 GCl,. ,Gw
O,ij tilt ZtivJ -eA
A. FFfaTcfPc 5
Lam. LLat,(RG J iJ
3dl!l///SL.., IG
ve N.uu la r a.GGe aJ tt f-o f--e
s.r.ar j
..........'&*:M
C(aflwrRn4
:i.ASHG-ANNA LDUC
7. go
22;OUBNELL.IX T°:..PN
J L (La L#1i L C Ee
C END F,1Fqi uk4;-5;
&IA
our , ', , s CGz.pr,4, a,4f-ZI
r.,oavtd ! e orc,o
G'u,i n en, D W / /uPRo ci.t,er1(y p llG l!j i 21GycJ ,A Lpplr1 2GP' Ci
©C e11 v6v/ f tidlrye
,oei-G
aAa'..
.............6
.
...
;rw f0.
V
i L f ^ "7C'
J
tiIs,-
- U i .- ' L9 GCy f t/
-- Cu 5 ft O val. ,>
SPp;-C' fe posy / / va o
j iNN!_NINCN LOC KJ.u
Tu T A/N E M iJcH Ioc
3 . J,,l;1 ..v
ob
=PR:A
o'
fI
iI
1I
Brandon
1I
Id
80
ns
- n
LJ norQ'
I1
k :41G 2 /0 /:.
LJi r v im,sa , I I)
C:Ci-)iG-uEN!! M11NtGH
.fir
E1
8-A _ F E E s
--- -.-/ =-
Brawdi T
,s
/ B . A7J 83
4 0 M 6" 2
G TvrMINCNINGN doe K:
13tJ bi-6.3
1 "A vl w / !mot L
- euP - J Ot
,wlcaG' fa
TINNEN/,ICH Lvc K
.l......
r)C)
n
pie ................W.,
>-`3 161 Ilf ; ' .cC;
I_ _
. I81 lE
D B` '
r1
I
k
y
.; L
SL'k
ffirll
I
e.e.lea:e'
c°..
'1'sk& .j
.I
t,
1_1
r
_...
GavD FEnTccs;
:vl06,1 5 L r (s'(0 r Pg&-tir de-l eo v cN
1Jvk.d. IGCRdd
...........
. 6
26
.: +e1'uh/rshrct by rlW Gwua ul at the O, Iitcv
Sr. MULLIN'ST9
To A',, JZ..,
arry B.ddge
-J o.1,1
dliK, i
LJ Q7) n
f
.P . I jNNF N1 J I,OClc ra5-f. MU.U+i)S
tip! 63- bCl6`26
,00
Its(
p,;,.; . ;,, ;; , ,:` >._, Gam( .ear dtiwk, /.ee4I: C,t i q "i: ':. .s:' !'.... .. t 1.' ti-GLG d lc?t ,lh fJLCG'ti.,m 9cu . .. A - -
\1 : 4rw ,>,. ri-.o :. a Ir 7U /'lLZ Il. /4e C.CIL>f ('.'vate-0
A"t dl- e,
:_ \x,153 P2
rl 'r SDrk r-.La. vo24
.
i
G>> F +-cu,2F s
" 2G4CQeP S GO f-e-v 'TfG'ciP1Z f' i1/ o ,C h2ac, eLe
w fe c. cr
\ fMlin
P
/-2: ` /, /.I ma i
I LJ 11 11 n
Figure 1.1
Areas of
Scientific Interest
along The Barrow
Navigation
BA
RR
OW
NA
VIG
AT
ION
I m
BR
IDG
E
LO
CK
COUNTY BOUNDAR
RA
ILW
AY
TO
WN
denotes the end
of
a km
section
Area of Scientific
Interest
SCA
LE
oP
4.s
K M.
11 11 11 11 LJ M 13 11
