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APPENDIX A
Comparison of Subject Material Describing the Queen of Sheba’s Visit to Solomon’s Court
Sheba-Menelik Cycle
Josephus 1 Kings 10: 1-13
Came with gifts Came with gifts Came with large retinue and gifts
Took up residence in the palace
Amazed at the palace
Questioned Solomon
Description of the wonderful food
Amazed at sumptuous apartments
Solomon answered all her questions
Was given beautiful clothes
Was shown the house known as the Forest of Lebanon
Impressed by Solomon’s wisdom, palace, food, seating arrangements, attendants’ clothes’ wine’ burnt offerings
Experienced Solamon’s wisdom
Desription of the daily food and its preparation
Declared she was deeply impressed
Had her questions aswered
Saw beautiful clothes of the servants
Gave gifts of gold and spices
Daily given food and clothes
Witnessed Solomon’s administration
Acknowledged benign influence of Solomon’s God
Saw how table was prepared
Witnessed daily sacrifices
Solomon reciprocated in official and other ways
Amazed at the palace
Believed things were better tham expected
256
Amazed at sumptuous apartments
Believed that the Hebrew were a blessed people
Witnessed daily burning of incense
Converted to Solomon’s religion
Tricked by Solomon into bearing his child
257
APPENDIX B The Ge’ez (Ethiopic) Alphabet
258
APPENDIX C The Ge’ez (Ethiopic) Numerals
259
APPENDIX D Ge’ez transcript of sections of the Sheba-Menelik Cycle of the Kebra Nagast
CHAPTER 53 260 CHAPTER 55 263 CHAPTER 58 266 CHAPTER 59 268
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
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INDEX ‘Arb, 229 ‘Azd dialect, 188 ‘Umara, 89 ‘wnywt, 205 ’Abesa, 123 ’Afir, 100 ’Arami, 229 Aaron, 7, 10, 149, 234, 237,
238 Abha, 191, 204, 228 Abraham, 2, 4, 5, 36, 44, 66,
69, 70, 80, 104, 106, 147, 150, 181, 184, 186, 204, 206, 225, 226, 229, 231, 232,
Abreha, 154 Abu Arish and nearby wadi,
193 Abu Duhur, 229 Abu Lahab, 179 Abu Talib, 179 Abun/Abuna, Abuna Garima Acropolis (Athens), 43 Acts of Solomon, Book of the,
55, 92 Adam, 143, 147, 148, 150,
221 Adde Kawerh, 128, 130 Addis Ababa, 249, 251 Adigrat, 129 Adrami, 148, 149 Adulis, 129 Adwa, 129 Afghan women, 20 African Americans, 4 Africans in Arabia, 176, 184,
185 Afrikaans, 189 AfroAsiatic, 4 Agaw, 62, 128, 156, 159, 160,
236, 244 Agriculture, 14, 56, 57, 79,
91, 134, 135, 164, 193 Ahasuerus, 196
Ahmad Gran, 151 Ai (At Tall), 35, 36 Akhdam, 88 Akhenaton, 8, 203 Akkadian, 8, 44 Aksum, 14, 61, 75, 78, 79,
86-89, 96, 112, 114, 118, 131-137, 139, 141, 142-157, 173, 175, 217, 223, 233-235, 241, 244, 246-248, 264
Al Junaynah, 195, 207 Al Kisa’I, 99, 100 Al Luhayyah, 217 Al Muktar ibn Ubaid Allah,
229 Albright Institute, 113 Albright, William F., 32-35 Alexander III (the Great), 22 Alexandria, 127, 135-138,
157, 215, 216, 222, 223, 243
Algeria, 2 Al Hadhad ibn Sharah ibn
Dhu Sahar, 90, 98 Aliyeh (New Jerusalem), 21,
57, 70, 71 Alla Amidas, 152 Allah, 83 Almaqah, 84 Alt, Albrecht, 32 Al Tha’labi, 184 Amalekites, 162, 188 Amarna letters, 44 Amda Seyon, 145, 157 Amdaman Islands, 88 America, 8, 48, 64 American University of
Beirut, 193, 199 Amhara, 5, 128, 237, 240,
244 Amharic, 62, 190, 236, 269 Ammon. Temple of, 45, 170 Ammonites, 10 Amnon, 107 Amorites, 81
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
An Nimas 195, 198, 208, 231 Anastasius, 138 Anatolia, 139, 141 Ancient Egyptians and
language, 40, 74, 64, 88, 189
Anglo Saxons and language, 22, 47, 64, 88, 189
Anthony of Egypt, 150 Antigonus, 24 Antipater, 24 Antiquities of the Jews, 93 Anti Semitism, 26, 28 Antseba, 250 Aphek, 36 Apocalypse of Baruch, 140 Apocrypha, 55, 115 Appleyard, David, 72, 159 Aqaba and Gulf, 42 Arab traditions, 80, 81, 87,
162, 185 Arabia, 1, 4-6, 10, 12, 14, 17,
25, 32, 44, 51, 61, 66, 69, 72, 74-76, 80-90, 111, 112, 117-120, 125, 127, 128, 132-135, 137, 139-141, 144, 151-156, 158, 161, 162, 164-166, 169-173, 175-178, 180, 181, 183-190, 192-194, 196-208, 216-221, 223, 224, 229, 231-233, 235-237, 241, 243, 245, 246, 248, 250-253
Arabian Gulf, 14 Arabic, 4, 29, 63, 68, 70, 82,
93, 98, 108, 109, 112, 116, 118, 124, 126, 136, 142, 157, 158, 161, 162, 175, 188-190, 200, 202, 208, 209, 220, 231, 232, 234, 238, 243, 248, 253
Arabic dialects, 4, 188, 189, 192
Arabs, 5, 28, 66, 75, 80, 98, 149, 153-155, 161,-163, 180, 183-186, 188, 225, 228, 229, 231
Aramaeans, 13, 16, 30, 75
Aramaic, 8, 16, 22, 48, 56, 62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 96, 107, 108, 185, 231-233, 238, 247
Ararat, Mount, 70, 195 Archaeology/archaeologists
and evidence, 18, 29-50, 69, 71, 75, 76, 78, 80, 82, 85, 87, 108, 112, 113, 117, 127-129, 132, 134, 158, 161, 165, 168, 171, 173, 185, 188, 192, 193, 195, 197-200, 203, 205, 206, 208, 222, 236, 241, 245, 246, 250, 252, 253
Argentina, 27 Arians, 137 Aristobulus II, 24 Arius, 137, 149 Ark of Noah, 69, 70, 147,
149 Ark of the Covenant, 7, 11,
53, 70, 86, 105, 106, 110, 116, 117, 119, 121, 122-125, 127, 130, 131, 142, 143, 147, 149, 151, 152, 158, 161, 209, 211, 218, 220, 222-224, 226, 235, 241, 243, 250, 253, 259
Ark of Zion, 122, 235 Arks in Arabia, 228, 229 Armenia and Armenians, 25,
50, 65, 137-141, 145, 148, 240
Armstrong, Karen, 174 Arnaiz Villena, Antonio, 30,
50 Arthur, King of Britons, 2 Artxerxes I, 19 Arwe, 86, 101 Asa, 206 Asba (Asfa), 75 Ashdod, 230 Asherah, 13 Ashkenazi Jews, 50, 241 Asia Minor, 108 Asir, 82, 111, 173, 193, 195,
198, 201, 202, 205, 207, 209, 217, 220, 226, 231
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Asmara, 77, 134, 235, 249-251
Assyria/Assyrians, 7, 13, 15, 16, 18, 25, 36, 38, 48, 53, 81, 111, 125, 129, 146, 168-171, 173, 187, 243
Astar, 134 Aswan, 134, 223 Atang, 233 Atbara, 216, 218 Atlas of Jewish History, 171 Austro-Hungarian Empire, 26 Awash, 74 Awgi, 159 Azariah, 87, 121-124, 127,
131, 133, 222, 234, 241, 243
Azariah (Abednego), 104 Azqir, 140 Azvar-nahara, 21 Ba’al, 9, 225 Babylon/Babylonians/Babylo
nian inscriptions, 6, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 25, 40, 45, 48, 53, 57, 59, 61-63, 65, 66, 69, 71, 79, 96, 107, 109, 125, 148, 164, 170-174, 176, 183-185, 187, 194, 208, 236, 242, 248
Badr, battle of, 180 Baghdad, 4, 156, Bahn, Paul, 40 Bala Zadisareya, 118 Balfour Declaration, 28 Bani al Hamwiyya, 156 Bani Yusuf, 208 Banu Hillal, 81 Banu Salaim, 81 Baptisteries, 76, 239 Baq’ah valley, 166 Bar Kokhba, Simeon, 25, 31 Barbaria, 134 Barre, Siad, 130 Baruch, 45, 140 Bathsheba, 11, 148 Bayna Lekhem (Menelik), 78,
118 Bede, 50
Bedouin, 81, 155, 162, 175-178, 183, 229, 230
Beher (Ge’ez word), 216 Beher, 134 Beitin, 35 Beja, 134, 135 Belontos, 212, 215 Belshazzar, 17 Ben Asher, 68 Ben Dor, Shoshana, 47 Ben Gurion, David, 33, 176,
224 Ben Sira, 115 Ben Yehuda, 68 Benaiah, 102, 119, 122 Bene Israel, 133 Benin, 168 Benjamin tribe, 10, 12, 164,
194 Beowulf, 22, 88 Berbers, 4, 153 Berenson, Bernhard, 61 Bet Israel, 12 Beta Giyorgis, 75 Beta Israel, 8, 56, 62, 159,
224, 236-238, 240, 244-250, 253
Beth Shan, 36 Bethel, 13, 16 Beth-shemesh, 229 Bezold, Carl, 116, 216, 217 Bible, 33, 35, 38, 39, 42, 47,
49, 55, 65, 76, 158, 194-198, 201, 204, 252
Biblical Hebrew, 8, 47, 67, 68, 112, 189, 198
Bibliotheque Nationale Paris, 251
Bilen, 160 Bilqis, 87-89 Black Jews, 12, 62, 236 Black Stone, 228 Blacksmiths, 17, 130, 145,
247 Blessings of Jacob, 22, 48, 65 Blessings of Moses, 22, 48,
65 Blue Nile, 156, 190 Bonobos, 74
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Book of the Himyarites, 132 Boswelli (plant), 85 Br, unvocalized Hebrew
word for Hebrew(s), 2, 44, 45, 62, 128-131, 226, 245, 250
Britain/British/Britons, 2, 28, 29, 31, 34, 47, 50, 52, 62, 153, 167, 169, 189, 251
British Airways, 50 British Israel movement, 47 Bronze Age, 3, 8, 10, 15, 34,
36, 37, 46, 47, 80, 86, 108, 135, 203, 204
Buba clan, 242 Buba, 242 Budge, E. A.Wallis, 32, 216,
217 Burning Bush, 42, 149 Buzi, 17 Byzantium/Byzantines, 135,
138-142, 144-146, 148, 149, 155, 158, 175, 180
Cain, 225 Cairo, 127, 167, 215, 216,
222 Caleb (Aksumite king), 86,
132, 137, 141-146, 151, 152, 154,, 155, 158, 233, 234, 243
Caleb (Hebrew leader), 10, 62
Caleb Cycle of the Kebra Nagast, 132, 139-150, 157, 181
Caligula, 25 Camel and camel trains, 10,
84, 85, 91, 117, 163-165, 207, 209, 210, 230
Camelot, 2 Canaan/Canaanite
language/Canaanites, 2, 5, 8-13, 15, 29, 34, 42-44, 46, 49, 53-56, 62, 63, 134, 135, 147, 162, 169, 189, 192, 220
Canada, 4, 29, 173 Caucasus, 190
Cedars of Lebanon, 207 Cerulli, Enrico, 116 Chalcedonian definition, 137 Chaldeans, 30 Chapel of the Tablet, 234 Charcoal, 165 Charles I, King (Britain), 109 Chaucer, Geoffrey, 64 Chimpanzees, 74 China/Chinese, 90, 190 Chosen People, 8, 59, 68, 123 Christ, 1, 19, 59, 60, 79, 82,
101, 107, 132, 136, 137, 142, 143, 147-152, 174, 178, 181-183, 206, 240, 247, 248, 250
Christians/Christianity/ Christian sources and traditions, 1, 25, 26, 31, 32, 41, 45, 47, 52, 59, 60, 61, 65, 75-77, 81, 86, 90, 109, 115, 120, 124, 132, 135-137, 140-144, 146, 148-152, 155-157, 175, 177-183, 193, 199, 200, 205, 209, 224, 233-241, 243-250, 252
Chromosomes, 74, 241, 242, 253
Chronicles, Book of, 45, 55, 56, 79, 188, 206, 231
Church of Mary of Zion Aksum, 234
Circumcision, 25, 59, 105, 130, 225, 237, 239, 241
City of David, 70, 195, 208, 230, 231
City of Zion, 195, 208 Climate/Climatic change, 5,
36, 37, 73, 74, 128 Clube, Victor, 29 Cochin Jews, 133 Code of Hammurabi, 109 Cohaito, 78 Coins/coinage, 31, 135, 136,
166, 241 Colchis, 145
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Colonialism/colonies, 2, 11, 27, 49, 50, 202, 203, 205, 242
Comoros, 242 Consonants, 64, 68, 76, 82, Constantine, Emperor, 60,
136, 137, 146, 240 Constantinople, 138, 153,
157 Copper, 42, 135, 168 Coptic Church/Coptic
language/Copts, 40, 136, 138, 235, 238
Council of Chalcedon, 136-138, 145, 149, 181
Council of Nicaea, 60, 137, 139, 144, 146, 149, 150, 181, 235
Cretans, 50 Culture, 23, 26, 33, 34, 36,
61, 75-77, 84, 112, 129, 131, 151, 154, 161, 165, 167, 168, 175, 181, 185, 224, 232, 234, 236, 239, 242
Cush/Kush (Africa), 134, 165, 217, 207
Cush/Kush (Arabia), 195, 207, 217, 220
Cushite dynasty of Egypt, 15, 172
Cushites, 15, 172, 206 Cushitic languages, 4, 62, 80,
81, 128, 129, 156, 157, 159, 190, 236, 239, 244
Cyril of Alexandria, 157 Cyrus the Great, 17, 19 D’mt, 76, 128, 133, 156, 220,
239 Da Bassano, Francesco, 251 Dabra Makeda, 75 Dahlak archipelago, 220 Dahlberg, Bruce, 198 Dahomey, 168 Damascus, 28, 156, 178, 248 Damot, 156, 190 Dan, 13, 194, 205 Danakil, 135
Daniel, Book of, 17, 56, 104, 196,
Darius III, 22 Darius, 196 Daughter of Jerusalem, 18 Daughter of Zion, 18 David of Ethiopia, King, 239 David/Daud, King (Menelik),
118 David, King of Judah and
Israel, 8, 10, 11, 13, 26, 31, 34, 36, 38, 40, 41, 48, 49, 54, 119, 123, 148, 165, 169, 188, 194, 230, 247
Davidic royal line, 16, 19, 45, 54, 58, 59, 133, 136, 137, 142, 148, 248
Day, John, 197 Dead Sea, 41, 43, 58, 204 Dead Sea Scrolls, 55, 58, 65 Death of Moses, 253 Debra Bizen, 250 Debra Damo, 141 Delilah, 148 Demographic change, 3, 6,
34, 37, 39, 80, 81, 88, 130, 153, 169, 171, 176, 236
Demon, Queen of Sheba as, 51, 150
Denmark, 205 Der Judenstaat, 26 Deuteronomist (Old
Testament writers), 39, 54
Deuteronomy, Book of, 2, 16, 48, 54-57, 65, 110, 115, 142, 227, 235
Dhat Ba’adan, 134 Dhat Himyam, 134 Dhofar, 85 Dhu Nuwas (Yusuf As’ar
Yuth’ar), 86, 139-141, 145, 149, 152, 154, 155, 175, 208, 233, 234, 243
Dhu Sharkh ibn Hudad, 89, 98
Diaspora (Jews), 25, 174, 178
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Diaspora (Palestinians), 49 Dibon, 43 Dietary laws, 8, 25, 56, 59,
133, 237, 238, 241 Dillmann, August, 116 Djibouti, 73, 156 DNA, 12, 39, 88, 194, 241,
243 Domitius, 157 Dozy, Reinhart, 184, 187,
188 Dragon princess (So Chieluo),
107 Dreyfus case, 27 Dutch, 127, 189 Dynastic marriages, 12, 180,
187 Eagle, 213, 214 East Africa, 74, 85, 127, 163,
189 Eban, Abba, 29 Eben, 230 Ecclesiasticus, Book of, 56,
110 Edras, Book of, 19 Egypt/Egyptians/Ancient
Egyptian language/Egyptian Coptic Church, 4-10, 12-15, 17, 22, 25, 36-40, 42, 44-46, 49, 53, 56, 62, 65, 70, 74, 81, 84, 86, 93, 108, 11, 123, 125, 127, 132, 135-138, 141, 150, 153, 156, 162, 164, 165, 168-172, 176, 185, 194, 195, 198, 201-203, 206, 207, 210-212, 214-216, 218, 223, 226, 227, 235, 237, 238, 240, 243
Ekeye Azeb, 88 Ekron, 230 El Elyon, 208 El Sabaoth, 208 El Shaddai, 208 El Shalom, 208 El, 9, 13
Elephantine (Aswan), 134, 223
Elijah, 66, 98, 104 Ella Amida, 135 Ella Atsbeha (Caleb of
Aksum), 143 Elmeyas, 123, 127 Elohist (Old Testament
writers), 54 Emerton, John, 197 England, 109, 205 English, 4, 50, 64, 67, 127,
165, 188, 189, 198 Enoch, Book of, 55, 115, 253 Environment, 74, 165, 178 Eritrea/Eritrean Orthodox
Church, 5, 55, 73, 77, 78, 82, 87,112,115, 117, 125, 128, 131, 133-135, 159, 160, 192, 209, 212, 214, 215, 220, 221, 224, 235, 236, 240, 244, 248-252
Error analysis, 189 Esau, 148, 177 Esperanto, 68 Esther, Book of, 96, 97, 102,
105, 107, Esther, Queen, 65, 195 Estifanos, 240 Ethiopia/Ethiopians, 5, 7, 8,
12, 14, 42, 47, 55, 56, 61, 62, 70, 72-78, 81, 82, 86, 87, 93. 96, 110-112, 114, 115, 117-121, 123-125, 127-134, 136, 144, 147, 152,153, 156-159, 172, 178, 83, 190, 192, 195, 196, 200, 206, 207, 209-213, 215-217, 220, 222-224, 226, 227, 231-141, 243-247, 249, 251-254
Judaic/Hebraic elements in Ethiopia, 47, 62, 120, 133, 136, 142, 178, 224, 226-253
Ethiopian Orthodox Church, 55, 76, 129, 136, 226, 233-238, 246, 248, 249, 252
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Ethiopian Semitic speakers, 4, 75
Ethiopian traditions, 87, 110, 227, 245
Ethnic mysticism, 47 Ethnomusicology, 39, 245 Etruscans, 40 Euphrates, 21, 207 Europe/Europeans, 3, 26-28,
46, 47, 50, 63, 68, 129, 130, 165-167, 237, 239, 241, 245
Evagrius Scholasticus, 153 Eve, tomb of, 205 Ewostatewos, 240, 249 Exilarchs, 60 Exodus, Book of, 2, 48, 55,
56, 65, 100, 204 Exodus, The, 6, 7, 9, 15, 40-
42, 49, 56, 62, 81, 115, 171, 194. 202-204,221, 239
Ezana, 135, 136, 143 Ezekiel, 17, 18, 20 Ezekiel, Book of, 17, 55 Ezra, 2, 10, 20-23, 48, 54-56,
61, 65, 69-71, 109, 131-133, 136, 142, 143, 163, 174, 177, 186, 187, 208, 242, 245, 248, 251
Fadak, 175 Faisal, Hashemite prince
(later king), 28 Faisal, Saudi prince (later
king), 193 Falasha (see Beta Israel), Famine, 5, 6, 9, 38 Farasan, 220 Fatimid Egypt, 156 Fattovich, Rodolfo, 112, 128,
159 Fertile crescent, 177 Festivals, 112, 128, 159 Fetha Nagast, 238 Finkelstein, Israel, 49, 50 First temple, 3, 11, 40, 41, 43,
57, 100, 176, 186, 230, 231, 243
Flad, Martin, 244
Flemish, 189 Forced labor, 11, 13, 14, 176 Fourth cataract, 207 Frankincense, 74, 85, 91 French, 2, 28, 127, 167 Frumentius/Abba Salama,
135, 136, 241, 246, 251 Fulani, 167 Fundamentalism, 3, 50, 73 Gadd, C.J., 172, 224 Gafat, 190 Galilee, 24, 63, 66, 69, 140,
141, 174, 247 Gamst, Frederick, 244, 254,
263 Garden of Eden, 195` Gash delta, 74-76 Gath, 230 Gaul, 153 Gaza, 119, 125, 127, 210,
211, 213-216, 220 Gazette of Place Names, 193,
205, 207, 224 Gdrt (Gadarat), 139 Ge’ez (Ethiopic) 32, 55, 65,
75, 79, 93, 112, 114,116, 124, 131, 136, 157, 189, 190, 209, 210, 216, 217, 220, 225, 231, 232, 236, 251,-253, Appendices
Gebes, 210-218 Gender blurring, 107, 108,
224 Genetic mutation, 74 Genetics, 12, 30, 49, 50, 74,
186 Genfel river, 128 Gentiles (Goyim/non-Jews),
20, 59, 148 German/Germanic
tribes/Germans, 4, 28, 32, 50, 54, 61, 63, 198, 231, 244
Gezer, 35-37 Ghana, 230 Gibeah, 230 Gibeon, 36 Gilbert, Martin, 171, 176
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Glanzman, Bill, 87 Glock, Al, 112, 113 Glory of the Kings (see
Kebra Nagast), Gnostics/Gnostic Gospels, 62,
107 Gob (Somali caste), 130 Gobedra, 75, 76 God the Father, 60 Gog Magog hills, 205 Gojjam, 135 Gold, 11, 37, 42, 65, 74, 85,
86, 92, -95, 100, 111, 134, 135, 164, 166, 167, 179, 222, 227, 234, 235, 250, 255
Golden altar, 100 Golden Calf, 9, 104, 106, 227 Goliath, 40 Gomorrah, 42, 195 Gondar, 244, 247 Goren, 230 Gorillas, 74 Great Famine, 247 Great Zimbabwe, 242 Greece, 5, 23 Greek Orthodox Church, 136 Greeks and Greek language,
4, 23, 39, 40, 59, 65, 74, 87, 93, 135, 136, 174, 175, 217, 253
Greenfield, Jonas, 199 Gregory of Nyssa, 115 Gregory Thaumaturgus, 157 Gregory the Illuminator, 144,
146 Grendel, 88 Grierson, Roderick, 130, 233 Guidi, I., 116 Gulo Makeda, 79, 87 Gurage, 5, 128 Habas, 134 Hadiyya, 196 Hadramawt, 140, 242 Hadrian, 25 Hagar (Ge’ez word), 216 Hagar, 5, 80, 226
Haile Selaisse, 76, 78, 115, 151, 235, 249, 251, 252
Haiti, 109 Hajar, 229 Hamasien, 192, 248, 249 Hamdani, 88, 118 Hammond, Philip, 197, 199-
201 Hancock, Graham 129, 222,
223 Handmaiden of Queen of
Sheba, 110, 111, 244 Hapiru, 44 Hasel, Michael, 44 Hashim (Meccan clan), 178 Hasmoneans, 24, 50, 72, 174,
177 Hassan (Tubba king), 140 Hassidic sect, 8 Hayes, J., 46 Hazega, 249 Hazor, 35, 36 Hebraic groups, 8, 45, 112,
117, 131, 136, 221, 224, 226-251
Hebrew Scholars (Masoretes), 53, 63, 66-70, 195
Hebrew people, 2-12, 14, 15, 22, 44, 46, 53, 56, 62, 64, 75, 81, 86, 95, 102, 117, 120, 129-131, 156, 176, 185-187, 189, 190, 194, 200-203, 206, 221, 225-227, 229, 244, 256
Hebrew, Ancient/archaic, 22, 49, 200, 232
Hebrew, Biblical, 8, 47, 67, 68, 112, 189, 198
Hebrew, Modern, 62, 67, 68 Hebron, 5, 36, 197 Helena, Queen of Adiabene,
59 Hellenism, 23-25 Hellenized Jews, 59 Henotican doctrine, 138 Herod the Great, 25, 69, 71,
177 Herod, House of, 24, 177 Herod, son of Antipater, 24
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Herodotus, 146, 174, 207 Hertzog, Ze’ev, 49 Herzl, Theodore, 26, 27, 29,
51 Hezekiah, 15, 16, 42, 43 High priesthood,
disappearance of, 124, 131
Hijaz, 42, 81, 99, 141, 162, 163, 172, 173, 175,-177, 183, 186, 188, 189, 193, 194, 196, 202, 203, 205, 247
Hilkiah, 16, 54, 241, 243 Himbirti, 249 Himyar/Himyarites, 61, 71,
86, 87, 89, 132, 135, 139-142, 144-146, 152, 154, 175, 189, 233, 234, 270
Hinzat, 79, 87 Hiram, 207 Historiography, Islamic, 182 Hittites, 3, 6, 15 Holiness Code (Leviticus),
109 Holocaust, 28, 33 Holocausts (Solomon), 36 Holy Land, 33, 61, 113, 177 Holy Spirit, 59, 137, 182 Holy Writ, 1, 21, 22, 31, 57,
60, 184 Homelands (proposed
Jewish), 173 Hominids, 73 Homo sapiens, 73 Homoousios, 137 Hood, Robin, 2 Hoopoe, 96-100 Horn of Africa, 76, 249, 250,
253 Horns of the Altar, 149 House of David, 45, 54, 58,
59, 136, 142, 148, 247, 248
House of God, 236 House of Levi, 248 House of the Forest of
Lebanon, 43, 94, 255
House of Zadok, 11, 16, 58, 242
Hubbard, David, 159, 252 Hudhail dialect, 189, 192 Hudhud, 98 Hungary, 109 Hussein, 229 Hyksos, 203 Hyrcanus II, 24 Hyrdn (The Jordan), 69, 70,
195, 204 Ibrit, 62 Ibro (Yibir), 130 Idumeans, 177 Ilmuqah, 134 Immunity to disease, 7 Inadan, 8 Incense, 1 India/Indians, 8, 12, 85, 88,
100, 109, 113, 133, 135, 147, 154, 155, 161, 178, 180, 193, 196
Indian Ocean, 181 Indo-European, 4, 15, 68,
190 Instructions for Merikare,
202 Internet, 201, 254 Inuit, 4 Iranians, 50 Iraq, 13, 28, 146, 229 Iron/Iron Age/ Iron working,
2, 3, 8, 10, 13-15, 34, 37, 46, 47, 51, 72, 74, 75, 80, 86, 90, 105, 132, 135, 150
Isa, son of Virgin Miriam of Najran, 182, 248
Isaac Isaac of Aksum and redactors of the Kebra Nagast, 157, 158
Isaiah, 16, 43 Isaiah, Book of, 18, 55, 140,
237 Ishmael, 5, 80, 226 Islam/Islamic traditions and
writing, 5, 7, 8, 26, 29, 61, 79, 81, 82, 85, 90, 96-100,
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
112, 115, 130, 139, 153, 155, 156, 159, 163, 167, 168, 175, 177, 178, 180-184, 187, 188, 199, 221, 224, 226, 228-231, 244, 245
Ismenie, 87 Israel
(concept)/Israelites/Israelite states, 1, 5-13, 15, 19-21, 30, 35, 38, 39, 43-49, 51-54, 57, 58, 62, 63, 71, 78, 92, 93, 106, 108, 111, 113, 117, 119-121, 123, 127, 130, 132, 133, 139, 142, 143, 147, 148, 150, 152, 157, 162, 163, 177, 183, 184, 186-188, 194, 198, 201, 204-206, 208, 211, 212, 218, 222-224, 228-230, 235, 237, 241, 243, 244, 246-248, 250, 254
Israel, (northern kingdom), 12-15, 41, 43, 44, 54, 61, 63, 78, 125, 129, 133, 163, 164, 169-173, 176, 185, 196, 208, 224
Israel, State of, 2, 8, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 41, 45, 47, 53, 69, 133, 168, 197, 227, 236,
Israelis, 47, 49-51, 249, 253 Israelite religion, 7, 10-12,
108, 117, 121, 123, 132, 155, 176, 177, 184, 208
Italian/Italians, 77, 128, 249-251
Italy, 153 Ithiopis, 75 Ivory, 43, 74, 100, 135, 164 Ivrit (see also Ibrit), 62, 68 Iyo’as, 247 Jacob Baradaeus, Bishop of
Edessa, 138 Jacob, 5, 147 Jamaica, 109 James, brother of Christ, 240
Jane Eyre, 22 Japan, 109 Jashar, Book of, 55 Jebel al Nabi Shu’ayb, 221,
222 Jebel Fayfa, 162 Jebel Hadi, 209 Jebusites, 11, 54 Jeddah, 165, 170, 194, 205 Jedoiada, 102 Jehoichin, 17 Jehovah’s Witnesses, 60 Jeremiah, 45, 236 Jeremiah, Book of, 55 Jericho, 35, 36, 49, 227 Jeroboam, 13, 16 Jerusalem priesthood, 54, 70,
177, 248 Jerusalem, 1, 2, 10, 12-15,
17-25, 30, 32, 36, 37, 39, 42, 53, 45, 46, 48, 49, 54, 55, 57, 58, 65, 68-71, 84, 92, 94, 99, 113, 116-119, 121, 124, 125, 127, 131, 138, 147, 156, 170, 171, 173, 174, 177, 183, 184, 195, 197, 198, 201, 208, 210, 214, 218, 220, 224, 231, 232, 237, 245, 248
Jesus (see Christ), Jethro/Shuyab, prophet, 8,
221, 225 Jewish sources/traditions, 1,
107, 115, 181 Jews, 12, 20, 22, 24-26, 28,
31, 33, 35, 39, 47, 48, 50, 51, 55, 59-63, 65, 68, 69, 71, 90, 93, 96, 114, 133, 143, 147, 149, 150, 162, 163, 171-174, 17-178, 180, 182-188, 208, 226, 232, 236, 239-241, 246, 249, 250, 254
Jihad, 167, 180 Jinn, 88-90 Jizan, 82, 162, 192, 193, 195,
201, 205, 220, 222 John Hyrcanus (see Hyrcanus
II),
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
John the Baptist, 59 Joint rule (D’mt/Aksum), 89,
128 Jordan (hyrdn = escarpment),
70, 204 Jordan (river), 70, 166, 195 Jordan, Kingdom of, 32, 50,
199, 200 Joseph /Yusuf, Ben
(Messiah), 140 Joseph tribe, 17 Joseph, father of Christ, 58,
248 Joseph, John, 200 Joseph, son of Jacob, 5, 6, 9,
40, 181, 205 Josephus, Flavius, 65, 70, 79,
87, 92, 93, 96, 100, 102, 108, 115, 116, 124, 144, 207, 208, 217, 255
Joshua, 8, 10, 12, 35, 36, 38, 40, 46-48, 53, 62, 69, 194, 228
Joshua, Book of, 55 Josiah, King, 16, 17, 54, 57,
141, 142, 223 Jubilees, Book of, 55, 253 Judaea/Judaeans, 17, 19, 39 Judah tribe, 10, 164, 194, 225 Judah, House of, 19 Judah, kingdom of, 1, 10-19,
21, 22, 40, 41, 45, 52, 54, 60, 63, 78, 90, 120, 125, 141, 163, 164, 169-173, 181, 185-187, 194. 196, 206, 208, 218, 224, 232, 242, 248
Judah, Persian province of, 19, 20
Judaic/Hebraic elements in Ethiopia, 47, 62, 120, 133, 136, 142, 178, 224, 226-253
Judaism, 10, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 47, 49-51, 59-62, 80, 132, 133, 140, 142, 143, 155, 163, 168, 174-176, 181-183, 186, 224, 227,
237, 239-243, 245-247, 249, 251, 253
Judas Maccabeus, 23 JudeoArabic, 188 Judeo-Christianity, 240 Judges, 10, 21 Judges, Book of, 48, 55, 65 Judgment Day, 1, 147 Julian, 145 Julius Caesar, 24 Junipers, 165, 207 Jurhum, 228, 233, 241 Just Master, 150 Justin I, 138, 144, 145 Justin II, 138, 145 Justinian, 138, 145, 153 Ka’bah, 5, 228, 230, 233 Kansha, 249 Kaplan, Steven, 245, 246 Karaites, 62 Karnak, 170 Kassala, 74, 75 Keall, Edward, 203, 204 Kebra Nagast, 32, 79, 83, 91-
93, 96, 100, 102, 108, 109, 111, 112, 114-159, 161, 181, 209, 217, 218, 220, 222, 235, 252, 258
Keller, Werner, 42 Kenites, 225 Kenya, 27, 163, 173, 242 Kenyon, Kathleen, 35, 200,
227 Keren, 160 Keturah, 225 Khadijah, 178 Khamis Mushait, 81, 195,
202, 207, 217, 226 Khamtanga, 160 Khartoum, 165 Khaybar, 81, 175, 176, 184,
185 Khoury, Chris, 201 Kings, Book of, 12, 18, 42, 45,
55, 79, 92, 114, 255 Kitab al Aghani, 162 Kitor, 98 Knauf, Axel, 206, 224
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Knights Templar, 130 Kohenin, 241-243, Korea, South, 91 Korean, 190 Krauthammer, Charles, 31 Krbym/Cherubim, 195, 227,
234, 235 Ksm, 134 Ku’bar, 156 Kubbe, 229 Kureishi, Hanif, 73 Kush (person), 75 Kush/Cush (see Cush), Kushi (Samaritan/African),
12, 130, 176, 185 Kushm, 221 Kuthah, 196 Kws, 7, 70, 195, 196, 207,
217, 218, 231, 231, 237 Lachish, 36 Ladino, 63 Lake Hayq, 156 Lalibela (New Jerusalem in
Ethiopia), 156, 157, 216 Lalibela, King (Gabra
Maskal), 156, 157, 245 Land grants, 114 Latin, 65, 116, 136, 227 Latos, 224, 248-250 Law of Moses (Torah), 4, 53 Lbyn, 207 Lebanon, 28, 43, 50, 94, 194,
207 Lemba, 8, 133, 224, 241-243 Lemche, N.P., 38, 51 Leslau, Wolf, 72, 190, 192 Lesotho, 109 Levant, 14, 37, 164, 168, 202 Levi (tribe), 7, 194, 222, 225,
248 Levites, 17, 94, 133, 222, 227,
229 Leviticus, Book of, 2, 55, 109 Liberals, 73 Libya/Libyans, 3, 138, 168,
170, 180 Lihyanic, 81 Liliths, 99
Linguistics/Linguistic evidence, 5, 32, 39, 48, 76, 81, 117, 161, 162, 188-190, 193, 197-200, 221, 253
Linguists, 162 Luke, Gospel of, 1, 79 Luxor, 6, 44, 170 Maasai, 189 Madagascar, 74, 173, 242 Mahmal, 230, 235 Mahoza, 60, 61, 71, 145 Mahrem, 134, 135, 137 Mai Bela, 77-79 Maimonides, Moses, 8 Makari, 123 Makeda (see Queen of
Sheba), 75, 79, 86, 87, 116, 118
Makharam, 131 Malagasy, 242 Malawi, 241 Malaysia, 88 Male dominated religions and
society, 90, 91, 106, 151 Mali, 166, 167 Manasseh, 16, 243 Mansa Musa, 167 Mapungubwe, 242 Mar Zutra II, 60 Marcian, 145 Margoliouth, David S., 186 Marib/ Marib dam, 79-82, 84,
85, 111, 154, 195 Mark Antony, 24 Markab, 230 Marsden, Peter, 20, 30 Marxist Ethiopia, 252 Mary, sister of Christ’s
mother, 183 Mary, Virgin, 147, 163, 181,
182, 241, 154 Mary/Miriam, Virgin
(Najran), 182, 222, 249 Masoretes/ Masoretic
scholars, 53, 63, 66-70, 195
Masruq, 152, 233, 234
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Mattathias, 23 Matthew, Gospel of, 1, 79,
115 Maxentius, 60 May Qoho, 75 Mazar, Benjamin, 30 Mazber, 75 Mazrui, Ali, 246 McGovern, Patrick, 47, 165,
166 Mdyam, 212, 215 Mecca, 5, 99, 154, 155, 164,
167, 175, 178-180, 184, 185, 188, 192, 194, 218, 228, 229, 231-233
Medina/Yathrib, 85, 162, 172, 175, 176, 179, 180, 185, 188, 202, 218, 231
Mediterranean, 12, 15, 25, 30, 49, 50, 59, 84, 134, 153, 169, 174, 178, 193, 205, 207
Medyam, 148 Megaliths, 203, 204, 222 Megiddo, 35, 36, 45 Mekele, 89, 112, 118, 128,
189 Menelaus, 23 Menelik II, 249 Menelik, 78, 87, 118-123,
125, 127, 137, 143, 148, 209-211, 215-218, 220, 222, 223, 235-237, 241, 142
Merneptah stela, 44 Meroe, 40, 165, 172 Meroitic, 40 Mesopotamia, 4, 5, 10, 17, 18,
23, 25, 37, 38, 59, 70, 81, 85, 140, 141, 153, 164, 171, 172, 205
Mesr, 125, 214, 216-218 Mesrin, 125, 210, 211, 215,
216, 218 Messiah, 16, 19, 68, 104, 140,
142, 237 Metal working, 7, 242 Metathesis, 67, 193 Meteorites, 5, 228
Metera, 79, 134 Micah, Book of, 18, 55 Michael of Fuwa, 223 Michael, Archangel, 125 Midgan, 130, 159 Midianites, 225 Midrash ha Hefez, 102, 106 Midrash Mishle, 102, 106 Midrashim, 115 Miller, J.M., 46, 52 Milvian Bridge, Battle of, 60 Minaen and inscriptions, 161,
186 Minerals, 111 Minor prophets, Books of, 55 Miracles of the Virgin Mary,
253 Miriam, sister of Moses, 7 Missionaries, 32, 137, 141,
142, 150, 233, 244, 247 Mizpah, 20 Mkrb/Mkrbm, 83, 84, 128,
134, 195 Mlk, 83, 128, 134, 139 Moab/Moabites, 38, 43, 63,
148, 196 Moabite stone, 44 Modern Hebrew (Ivrit), 62,
67, 68 Monarchy and kingship, 1,
11, 19, 28, 43, 48, 51, 54, 56, 57, 89, 108, 115, 132, 133, 136, 137, 140, 142, 145, 148, 157, 158, 187, 202, 206-208, 223, 243, 244, 247
Monasticism, 58, 138, 141, 150, 152-154, 246, 247, 250, 251
Mondale, Walter, 31 Monophysites, 137-139, 141-
146, 150-152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 175, 181, 199, 223, 237
Monotheism, 7-9, 11, 166, 168, 179, 208
Mormah, 36 Mormons, 48 Morocco, 166
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Moses, 2, 4, 6-10, 21, 22, 29, 40, 45, 48, 53, 56, 57, 62, 65, 69, 71, 110, 149, 155, 156, 162, 171, 181, 185, 186, 194, 203, 204, 207, 208, 221, 225, 227, 238, 241, 244, 245, 253
Mot, 9 Motu, 205 Mount Gerezim, 24 Mount Horab, 208 Mount Nebo, 204 Mount Sinai and Sinai
peninsular, 4, 7, 37, 38, 42, 71, 125, 212, 215, 217, 220, 221, 227
Mount Zion, 18 Msrm, 7, 70, 195, 202, 207,
220, 226 Msrym, 202, 207 Muhammad, Prophet, 83, 99,
152, 175, 178-184, 186, 188, 221, 226, 228, 229
Munro-Hay, Stuart, 233, 234 Mycenaean civilisation, 38 Myrrh, 85 Nabodinus, 17, 171, 172 Nabopolassar, 16 Nadab, 104 Nabad (place), 230 Nadir, 176 Najran, 85, 86, 140, 152, 182,
207, 222, 233, 234, 248 Napata, 172 Napoleon, 39 Nashwan ibn Sa’id alHimyari,
89 Nasrani, 248 Nazarenes, 56, 136 Nazareth, 248 Nazarite, 56, 237 Nazis, 28 Nazret, 157 Neaderthals, 88 Nebuchadnezzar, 17, 40, 170 Necho, 243 Negev, 37 Negus (king) of Aksum, 37
Nehemiah, 19, 20 Nehemiah, Book of, 56 Nestorius/ Nestorian heresy,
149 New Jerusalem (Palestine),
21, 22, 24, 57, 58, 69-71, 173, 174, 184
New Kingdom (Egypt), 9 New technology, 203 New Testament, 31, 60, 79,
115, 136, 144, 150, 181, 183, 238, 247, 248, 253
New York Times, 42 Newby, Gordon D., 162 Nicaea, (see Council of
Nicaea) Nicaean Creed, 60, 115 Nigeria, 167 Nikaule (see Queen of
Sheba), 87 Nile 4, 6, 14, 74, 125, 134,
153, 156, 168, 170, 172, 190, 192, 202, 207, 216-218, 222, 223
Nine Saints, 137, 141, 143, 233, 243
Nisibis, 140, 149 Noah, 147 Nöldeke, Theodore, 116, 231,
232 North Africa, 61, 153, 155,
173, 178, 180, 241 North Yemen dialect, 189 Northern Arabia, 14, 81, 224 Noth, Martin, 54, 194 Noural Rouz, 87 Nubia, 6, 192, 202, 203, 207 Occupational castes, 130 Octavian (Augustus), 24 Ofer, Avi, 36 Ofte, 230 Old Testament, 1-30, 32, 34-
41, 43-46, 48-51, 53-56, 62-72, 79, 80, 82, 91, 96, 98, 100, 102, 106, 109-112, 115-117, 127, 128, 131, 136, 142, 144, 147-150, 158, 159, 161-164,
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
168, 170, 172, 174, 181, 185-190, 192-196, 200, 202, 204-208, 217, 221, 224-233, 236, 237, 242-246, 250-253
Oman, 85, 161 Omri, 14, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44,
163, 165, 171 One substance (humoousios),
137 One True God, 66, 83, 97, 98,
110, 221, 225, 229, Oniads, 23 Oracles of Baarlam, 48, 65 Orangutans, 74 Origen, 115 Oromo, 128 Oxford Bible Atlas, 197 Oxus river, 180 Pagans/Paganism, 9, 16, 59,
60, 76, 86, 127, 132, 135, 143, 154, 156, 166, 167, 178, 179, 182, 186, 228, 232, 236, 237, 240, 241, 243, 244, 254
Palestine/Palestinians, 5, 6 , 17, 18, 23-30, 32-34, 36-38, 41, 43-46, 48-51, 58, 59, 66, 69, 71, 72, 111, 113, 129, 130, 132, 133, 138, 141, 153, 158, 159, 161, 162, 164, 165, 168-178, 181, 182, 15, 186, 189, 193, 199, 202-204, 206, 208, 222, 224, 231-234, 250
Palmyra’ 108, 149 Papua New Guinea, 88, 153,
205 Parfitt, Tudor, 197, 254 Parthians, 23 Paul/Saul of Tarsus, 25, 40,
59, 60, 70, 144, 178, 240, 248
Pemba Island, 163 People of the land
(Samaritans), 12 Perez, 148
Peri, 90 Persia/Persians, 17-21, 25, 48,
57, 59-61, 74, 90, 133, 135, 138-141, 145, 146, 148, 149, 153, 155, 156, 161, 171, 172, 174, 175, 180, 195, 196, 231
Petra, 85, 149 Pharaoh’s daughter
(Solomon’s wife), 43, 127, 148
Pharaohs, 5, 6, 9, 40, 41, 43, 44, 74, 127, 148, 170, 215, 216, 243
Pharisees, 24, 62, 174 Philby, H. St John, 81 Philippines, 88 Philistines, 7, 10, 104, 148,
207, 228, 230, Phoenicia/Phoenicians, 9, 11,
14, 36, 38, 169, 174 Piracy, 69, 168 Pirenne, Jacqueline, 129 Plague of Justinian, 153-155 Plagues, 7, 15, 16, 171, 228,
244 Poem of Moses, 48, 65 Poles, 28 Polis, 22 Pompey, 24 Portuguese, 163, 246 Praetorius, F., 116 Precious stones, 85, 92-95,
100 Prester John, 245 Priests/priesthood, 1, 3, 6, 7,
10, 11, 15-17, 19-24, 48, 53-54. 56-58, 61, 62, 64, 68, 70, 71, 76, 80, 83, 87, 91, 94, 107, 108, 110, 120-124, 127, 128, 131, 133, 134, 141, 148, 152, 158, 163, 169, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182, 187, 195, 206, 222, 223, 230, 231, 237-239, 241-244, 248, 249
Pritchard, James, 35, 37, 38 Procopius of Caesarea, 153
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Promised Land, 2, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 26, 29, 31, 36, 38, 40, 41, 46, 47, 53, 54, 56, 62, 68, 69, 71, 72, 204-208, 227, 228
Psalm 68, 48, 65 Psamtik II, 172 Ptolemy I Soter, 22 Public works, 6, 7, 11, 34, 41,
43, 171, 207, 247 Punt, 74, 250 Pygmies, 74 Qaba’il, 88 Qades, 212, 215 Qarmatians, 229 Qebuta (ark), 233 Qemant, 159, 224, 237, 244,
249, 254 Qemanteney, 159 Qes, 249 Qosh, 87 Quaraiza, 176 Queen of Sheba, 1, 11, 14, 40,
51, 72-114, 116-121, 124, 125, 127-130, 132, 133, 136, 139, 147, 149-151, 158, 181, 184, 196, 194, 206, 207, 218, 224, 226, 241, 244, 250, 253, Appendix
Queen of Sheba’s baths, 79, 151
Quiran, James, 245-247 Qumran, 58, 67 Qur’an, 97, 100, 107, 108,
115, 144, 165, 181, 183, 184, 188, 298, 209, 226, 230, 248
Qwarenya, 62, 72, 159 Rabaul, Papua New Guinea,
153 Rabbinical Judaism, 61, 62,
115, 162 Rabin, Chaim, 85, 112, 162,
189, 190, 192, 194, 199, 200, 218, 224, 232, 233
Race purity, 20, 23, 25, 155
Racial superiority, 27, 129, 249
Racism, 12, 129 Radium, 74 Radon gas, 74 Rahman, 83, 221, 222 Ramses I, 203 Ramses II, 6, 7, 9 Ramses III, 14, 15 Ravens, 66, 98 Raydan, 140 Rechabites, 225 Red Sea, 4, 42, 74, 76, 78, 80,
85-87, 125, 134, 135, 139, 154, 156, 165, 175, 176, 181, 195, 202, 203, 206, 212, 216, 217, 20, 221, 236, 243
Reds and Blacks, 128 Rehoboam, 13, 111, 120, 143,
148, 170 Reuben, 194 Revivalist Christianity, 205 Riddles, 90, 92, 101-106 Rift valley, 74 Ring of fire, 201, 206, 220,
227 River of Egypt, 127 River of Ethiopia, 125, 210 Robinson, Edward, 29, 231 Rod of Aaron, 149 Rod of Moses, 149 Rodinson, Maxime, 233, 245,
253 Roman Catholicism, 55, 249 Roman Empire, 25, 26, 60,
125, 137, 139, 140, 141, 143, 153, 178
Roman women, 62 Romans, 7, 23-26, 39, 55, 59,
60, 62, 69, 70, 72, 82, 108, 135-141, 143-145, 148, 149, 153, 174, 175, 177, 178, 182, 186, 206, 233, 239, 250
Rome, 24, 108, 135-138, 147 Rosetta Stone, 39 Ruah (Holy Spirit), 182
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Rub al Khali, 85 Russia/Russians, 27, 28 Ruth, 11, 40, 43, 55, 115 Rwala, 162 Saadiah Ben Joseph, 88 Sab, 129,-131 Saba (Sheba), 80, 84, 140 Sabaea/Sabaeans
(Sheba/Shebans), 14, 75, 76, 80-86, 89-91, 101, 106, 108, 111, 112, 117, 118, 120, 127-131, 134, 139, 151, 161, 169, 172, 173, 175, 186, 189, 190, 193, 195, 206, 218, 220, 223, 234
Sabaean alphabet, 82 Sabaean inscriptions 89, 117,
118, 120, 128, 131, 151, 206
Sabbath, 34, 57, 214, 232, 240
Sacred land, 99 Sadducees, 24 Saho, 129 Salibi, Kamal, 47, 158, 193-
209, 217, 218, 220-224, 231, 146
Salome, 24 Samaria/Samaritans, 4, 12,
14, 16, 19, 22 ,24, 41, 56, 63, 130, 163, 176, 185, 196, 243
Samson, 104, 106, 148, 237 Samuel, 10, 55 San (Bushmen), 77, 88 Sana’a, 88 Sarah/Serai, wife of Abraham,
5 Sarwat (Tehama), 165, 195,
203, 204, 206, Sasu, 134, 135 Satan, 150, 237 Saudi Arabia, 32, 81, 82, 165,
193, 194, 196-198, 202, 205, 224
Saudi Arabian government, 198, 205
Sauer, James, 197 Saul (Benjamite king), 10, 48,
162, 194 Saul of Tarsus (see Paul), Savannah belt, 167, 168 Sayhut, 242 Sb, 83, 84, 128-131 Schneider, Roger, 127-129,
159 Scribes, 1, 3, 20, 62, 63, 125,
209, 216 Sea of Eritrea, 125, 212, 214,
215, 220 Sea Peoples, 13, 15, 168 Second cataract, 202 Second temple, 19, 72, 177 Seleucids, 23 Semien Mountains, 246, 247 Semites, 5, 80 Semitic languages/speakers,
2, 4, 5, 9, 13, 27, 32, 45, 53, 62, 67, 68, 75, 80-82, 89, 112, 128, 129, 148, 155, 157, 159, 181, 183, 189, 190, 192, 199, 202, 224, 225, 231, 236, 239, 241, 242, 244, 253
Senna, 242 Sennacherib, 15, 18, 79, 170 Sephardic Jews, 241 Septuagint, 65, 217 Sesostris I, 202 Sesostris III, 202 Seti I, 6 Sexual temptress, Queen of
Sheba as, 150 Shabako, 15, 79 Shahid, Irfan, 199, 200 Shams, 84 Shar Habil, 88, 89 Sharahbil Yakkuf, 140 Sharakh ibn Sharahil, 89 Sharia, 183 Sheba, City of, 195 Sheba-Menelik Cycle of the
Kebra Nagast, 92, 93, 109-112, 115-118, 120, 122, 24, 125, 18, 128, 130-132, 137, 142, 144,
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
147, 149, 150, 157-159, 161-224, 231-236, 239, 241, 243-245, 250, 251, 253-255, Appendix
Sheban kings, 88, 89, 128, 152
Shelemay, Kay, 245, 246, 250, 254, 276
Sheshonk/Shishak, 13, 45, 170, 208
Shiloh, 218, 230, 231 Ships, 122, 207, 220, 230 Shurab el Gash, 75, 76 Sibley Towner, W., 198 Silberman, Neil, 49-51 Siloam, 42 Simeon of Taima, 183 Simeon tribe, 194, 206 Single divine nature, 137 Slm, 42 Snake cult and snakes, 86,
101 Socotra, 96, 88, 161 Sodom, 42, 195 Solomon, 1-3, 8, 10-14, 21,
34-38, 40-43, 45-46, 48, 49, 51, 53-55, 57, 63, 65, 69, 71, 78-81, 85, 92-102, 105-111, 114-125, 127, 131-133, 136, 139, 142, 143, 148, 150, 158, 163, 165, 168-171, 181, 186, 187, 195, 196, 204, 207, 209, 211-213, 215, 216, 218, 220, 222, 223, 226, 228, 230, 231, 234-237, 241, 244, 250, 252, Appendix
Solomonid dynasty (Ethiopia), 71, 156, 157, 235, 244, 246, 252
Somalia/Somalis, 8, 45, 85, 112, 117, 128, 130, 131, 134, 159, 176, 239, 244
Song of Deborah, 22, 48, 65 Song of Moses, 22, 48, 65,
110 Songhai, 166, 167 South Africa, 2, 241, 242
South Arabia/South Arabian, 5, 83, 85, 128, 186
South Korea, 91 Southern Africa, 8, 88, 133,
224, 226, 241 Southern Arabia, 1, 5, 14, 25,
61, 76, 80, 83, 85-87, 90, 111, 118, 120, 132, 133, 135, 137, 139, 140, 151, 154, 156, 171, 175, 190, 205, 221, 232, 240, 244, 246, 247
Spain, 61, 153-155 Station of Abraham, 228 Stelae, 43, 44, 86, 96, 250 Suakin, 74 Sudan, 70, 74, 75, 165, 207,
216, 217, 236 Suicide (early Christians),
182 Sumerian, 8, 190 Sun worship, 8, 83, 84, 86,
91, 135 Susa/Shusha, 196 Swadesh, Morris, 190 Swahili, 189, 205 Syncreticism, 15, 57, 132,
167, 244 Syria/Syrians, 4-6, 13, 14, 28,
37, 38, 50, 108, 120, 135, 137, 138, 141, 142, 153, 164, 178, 180
Syriac, 137, 146, 231, 233, 238
T’wy, 202 Tabot (ark), 131, 213, 231-
235, 253 Tabotat (arks), 235 Tabuh (ark), 232 Tabut (ark), 232, 251, 253,
274 Taif, 195, 203, 208 Taima, 14, 17, 81, 85, 169-
172, 175, 176, 183, 196 Takezze, 125, 216-218 Taliban, 20, 30 Talmud, 62, 115, 176 Tamar, 104,106, 107, 148
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Tamil, 85, 113 Tamrin, 117, 119, 123 Tanis, 169 Tanzania, 88, 163, 242 Targum, 96, 100 Targum Sheni, 96-100, 102,
105-108 Tarim, 242 Taxation, 11, 13, 14, 21, 61,
110, 138, 164, 166, 187 Tayyi’ dialect, 189, 192 Teacher of Righteousness, 24 Tebhah (ark), 231, 232 Tebhotha (arks), 232 Tehama/Sarwat (see Sarwat), Tel Aviv, 34, 36, 49, 224 Tell Abu Hawan, 36 Tell Dan, 45 Tell el Kheleifeh (Ezion-
geber), 42 Tell Mor, 36 Temple of Ammon, 45, 170 Ten Commandments, 8, 53,
109, 123, 227 Ten tribes, 10, 12, 13, 176,
194 Tesfamariam, Tiberh, 250 The Bible came from Arabia,
158, 194, 201, 204 The Sign and the Seal, 222 Thebes, 44, 45, 169, 202 Theocracy, 10, 18, 19, 21, 48,
55, 58, 68, 69, 174 Theodora, Empress, 138 Thomas, Gospel of, 107 Thompson, Thomas, 48, 49,
69, 199, 206, 246, 251 Thutmose III, 6 Tiban Asad Abu Karib, 140 Tigre area of Ethiopia, 221,
240, 245, 249, Tigré language (Eritrea), 5 Tigrinya, 5, 77, 128, 189, 236,
237, 244, 247, 250 Tizrah, 13 Tobiah clan, 23 Torah (see Law of Moses) Torrey, Charles C., 83
Towner, W. Sibley (see Sibley),
Trade/Trade routes, 1, 10, 12 ,14, 27, 35, 37, 41, 42, 45, 74, 79, 81, 84, 85, 90, 91, 100, 113, 117, 120, 134, 135, 139, 155, 161, 164-175, 178, 193-197, 202, 251
Trans-Jordan, 28, 37, 44, 47 Trimingham, J. Spencer, 185,
199 Trinity, 137, 149 Tsa’edakristyan, 77 Tse’azega, 249 Tubba, 140 Tuck, Friar, 2 Tumal, 130 Tunisia, 166 Turkey, 5, 15, 27, 70, 140,
146 Turkish Empire, 26, 28 Turks, 28, 31, 50 Tuscany, 15 Tuwa valley, 209 Tw, 209 Twelve tribes, 5, 9, 12, 17, 22,
187, 204 Twenty first dynasty, 169 Two natures, 137 Tyre, 207 Ugaritic civilisation, 38 Ullendorf, Edward, 217, 244,
254, 278 United Israelite kingdoms, 1,
10, 12, 35, 48, 170, 187 United Nations, 29, 34 United States of America, 8,
48, 64, 51, 173, 254 University of Asmara, 77 University of Pennsylvania,
47, 254 Unknown True God, 5, 11 Upper Nile, 6, 172 Ur, 4, 70, 231 Van der Graaf accelerator,
228 Vietnam, 173
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Vietnamese, 190 Vocalization, 7, 42, 45, 64,
66, 68-70, 98, 134, 193-195, 208
Volcanoes/Volcanic activity, 6-8, 39, 41, 42, 153, 193-195, 201, 204, 206, 209, 220, 221, 227, 242
Vowels, 2, 22, 53, 64, 65, 67-69, 75
Vulcan, 7 Wadi Bishah, 194, 207, 217,
220 Wahb ibn Munabbihi, 90 Wahhabis, 230, 231 Wales, 88 Waraqah ibn Nawfal, 178 Ward, Bill, 199 Weizmann, Chaim, 28 Wellhausen, Julius, 54 West Africa, 167, 169, 188,
223 West Arabian language, 189,
192, 199, 224, 232, 251 West Bank settlement, 51 Western Arabia, 4, 12, 51, 69,
81, 132, 158, 161-226, 232, 233, 234, 242, 244, 252, 254
Western Arabian mountain deities, 208
Whitelam, Keith, 39, 51 Wild Jews, 176 Wilkens, Iman J., 205 Winckler, Hugo, 188 Wisdom, 1, 12, 86, 91-95, 97,
100-102, 106, 110, 117, 151, 186, 214, 231, 255
Women, 19-21, 51, 62, 80,
87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 106, 107, 108, 110, 117, 130, 148, 150, 151, 158, 178, 183, 184, 229, 230, 238 247
World War, First, 28 World War, Second, 33, 77,
251
Writing on the Wall, 17 Wuqro, 128 Xi Wang Mu, 90 Y chromosome, 241, 254 Ya’fur, 99 Yabika Egzi, 157 Yadin, Yigael, 35 Yadir, 175 Yahweh, 208 Yahwist (Old Testament
writers), 54 Yanuf Dhu Shanatir, 139 Yeha, 76, 78, 87, 129, 239 Yehud, Persian province of,
174 Yekunno Amlak, 157, 235 Yemen, 4, 7, 10, 79-82, 84-
85, 88-90, 96, 99-101, 111, 112, 118, 120, 139-141, 145, 155, 161, 162, 172, 175, 176, 178, 180, 182, 186-189, 192-195, 201, 203, 206, 207, 217, 220-222, 227, 233, 242, 248, 252
Yersina pestis (plague bacterium), 153
Yeshu (Son of Joseph), 248 Yhwh, 7, 9, 10, 13, 23, 92, 93 Yibir, 8, 45, 130, 131, 159,
176, 221, 239, 244, 151 Yiddish, 63 Yudit, Queen, 156, 190, 244 Yurco, Frank, 44 Za Besi Angabo, 86 Za Sebado, 87 Zadok, 3, 11, 53, 54, 121,
123, 124 Zadok, House of (Priesthood),
11, 16, 58, 141, 242, Zadokites, 3, 4, 11, 17, 21, 24,
54, 56-58, 62, 107, 141, 142, 173, 243
Zafar, 140, 152 Zagwe, 156-158, 223, 244,
245
QUEEN OF SHEBA AND ISRAEL
Zar’a Ya’eqob, 240 Zechariah, Book of, 18, 55 Zedekiah, 17 Zen Buddhism, 107 Zeno, 138 Zenobia, 108 Zephaniah, Book of, 55, 237 Zerah, 207 Zerubbabel, 19, 57, 58, 71 Zimbabwe, 241, 242 Zion (Ark and concept), 18,
27, 80, 121, 122, 143, 147, 212-214, 236, 242
Zionism/Zionist movement/ Zionists, 2, 26-28, 31, 34, 49-51,
Zipporah, 221 Zohar, 115 Zoltenberg, H., 116 Zoroastrianism, 90, 139, 140,
175