Part 5 (Pumban Bridge) Setu Samudram Project Ramavaradhi Adams Bridge

Disaster After Sethu Opened

For Navigation

Part 5

Causeway

Sethu was cut for navigation of boats across Palk bay and Gulf of Mannar by

Krishnania Naick in 15th Century. A Causeway was Constructed by making a small cut in Sethu of few feet wide and less than 4 feet deep at high tide of sea.

Boats pass through canal at High tide time and Land Vehicles move across the

canal at Low tide time.

Sea Bottom

Sri LankaSea

The Sethu was cut, a Causeway was Constructed for navigation by Krishnania Naick in 15th Century AD

Boats pass through at High Tides of the sea and Land Vehicles move across the canal at Low Tides.

India

Causeway

Boats crossing the Causeway At High Tide Of The Sea

Ramnad

Rameswaram

Causeway Constructed By Krishnana Naik Connecting The Two Sea

Gulf Of Mannar

Palk Strait/ Bay

Causeway

Causeway

Canal

Canal

Road

Road

Vehicles crossing the Causeway At Low Tide Of The Sea

Ramnad

Rameswaram

Causeway Constructed By Krishnana Naik Connecting The Two Sea

Gulf Of Mannar

Palk Strait/ Bay

Road

Road

Cause

way

CausewayCanal

Canal

This Causeway was washed off by a storm in 1480 AD

making the opening a part of Sea to a width of about 2 km, isolating Rameswaram,

to become an island.

Disaster After Sethu Opened For Navigation

Ramnad

Rameswaram

Causeway Constructed By Krishnania Naick was washed off by a storm in 1480 AD

Gulf Of Mannar

Palk Strait/ Bay

Sea Bottom

Sri LankaSea

This Causeway was washed off by a storm in 1480 AD

India


Isolating Rameswaram to become an island.

Making the Opening a part of Sea to a width of 2.3 KM

Drifting Sand and Silt from Palk bay into

Gulf of Mannar

Pumban Canal

The British ships moving between Bombay on west coast and Madras, Calcutta in the east coast had to go round the Ceylon. To cut down the

distance, opening made by Krishnania Naick was deepened for navigation at the present Pumban Canal linking the

Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Bay.

Sea Bottom

Sri LankaSea


Pumban Canal

Sand washed off from Palk bay falls into Gulf of Mannar Increased.

India

Sand washed off from Palk bay falls into deep sea

Boat Mail

The British linked Madras and Colombo in Ceylon by a train called

“Boat Mail” in 1914. The train starting from Egmore passes through

Ramanadu, steams over the Pumban Bridge, Rameswaram and reaches the Jetty at Dhanuskodi. Then by steamer to Talaimannar in Ceylon and finally

reaches Colombo.

The railway bridge at Pumban is 2.3 KM long constructed across the sea. This bridge opens over Pumban canal to give way to the ships. While the bridge served as land link, the canal was a link between west coast and east coast of India for British ships.

Pumban Bridge

Pumban Bridge

The Sethu was cut for navigation around 15th

Century AD near the present Pumban

bridge


Pamban bridge

Sri Lanka

Palk bay


The Sethu was cut for navigation around 15th Century AD near the present Pumban bridgeIndia


Pamban bridge

India

Sri Lanka

Palk bay


The sand deposits were washed into deep sea and attained the present shape


Pamban bridge

India

Sri Lanka

Palk bay


The sand deposits were washed into deep sea and attained the present shape


Sri Lanka

Indian SideNotice The Sand Movement Towards Deep Sea.

Notice The Huge Deposit Of Sand

Space images taken by NASA

ADAMS BRIDGE

Pamban bridge

Rameswaram

Dhanushkodi


Disaster After Sethu Opened For Navigation Sand Movement Calculations

At Pumban Bridge Area

Dredged Depth of Pumban Bridge 3 Mts

Dredged length of Pumban Bridge 100 Mts

Area Dredged at Pumban Bridge300 Sq Mts

3 Height x 100 Length

Average velocity of under currents 1.5 Mts/Sec

Average time span of under currents Due to Tides 3 Hrs

No of Tides per Day 2 No

Days in a Year 365 days

Percentage of sand carried by sea currents 2 %

Apprx Sand Drifting into Indian Ocean/ year

70,956,000 Cu Mts(Dredged area x Current velocity x Tide span

x Tides per year x % sand washed)

Truck Loads in Lakhs per year 355 Lakhs

Sea Bottom

India Sri LankaSea

What is visible from Satellite and attained the name Adams Bridge is the shoal of rocks used as anchors for the floating bridge by Rama.

On passage of time the wooden floating bridge perished.


Aerial View Of Adams Bridge (Floating Bridge In Ramayanam)

Sea Bottom

Sri LankaSea


The Sethu was cut for navigation around 15th Century AD near the present Pumban bridge


India

Deep formation before Pamban bridge,

Eroded Indian Coast

Sand Formation Below Sea Surface


Disaster After Sethu Opened For Navigation This picture shows the erosion in Palk bay in the last four centuries and attained equilibrium.

The Sethu was cut for navigation around 15th Century AD.

The Palk bay and the east coast attained the present shape after the sand deposits were washed into deep sea of Indian Ocean.


Many places on east coast were effected. The erosion of the east coast in some places

may be up to 5 KM.

Kavaripoombokar patnam near Nagapatnam submerged in sea,

Mahabalipuram lost 5 Temples out of 7, Visakhapatnam lost Visakha Temple,

Chilka Lake turned salty from fresh water.

Many other places on the east coast were washed off in the last 400 years.


The sand washed off from the east coast formed into small islands south west of Pumban Bridge

Sand Movement


A small part of the washed off silt, soil and sand formed into small islands South West of Pumban Canal in gulf of Mannar.


Space images taken by Google EarthNotice The Sand Movement Towards Gulf of Manar


A part of Setu has a shape like Dhanush (bow) preventing sand from drifting into deep sea

Dhanushkodi

Rameswaram

Pamban bridge

India

Sri Lanka

Palk bay

Present Picture Of Sethu

Shallow Waters

Indian Ocean

Deep Sea

A part of Dhanushkodi submerged by sea in 1964

During a Big Cyclone.

One More Disaster In 1964

See Part 6 For

Vehicles crossing the Causeway At Low Tide Of The Sea

Ramnad

Rameswaram

Gulf Of Mannar

Palk Strait/ Bay

Canal

CanalRoad

Road

Cause

way

Causeway

Deep formation before Pamban bridge,

Eroded Indian Coast

Sand Formation Below Sea Surface


Many places on east coast were effected. The erosion of the east coast in some places

may be up to 5 KM.

Kavaripoombokarpatnam near Nagapatnam submerged in sea,

Mahabalipuram lost 5 Temples out of 7, Visakhapatnam lost Visakha Temple,

Chilka Lake turned salty from fresh water.

Many other places on the east coast were washed off in the last 400 years.


The sand washed off from the east coast formed into small islands south west of Pumban Bridge

Sand Movement


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Part 5 (Pumban Bridge) Setu Samudram Project Ramavaradhi Adams Bridge

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