TSM 241Voice and Data Networking

Cellular Communications Applications

Wireless Economics

Since the first Cellphone, no wireless provider has turned a profit.

In order to make money, the operators must provide attractive tariffed services

The future of wireless economy hinges on unique wireless applications (unique in that the wireless technology makes them possible)

Let's look at some emerging unique applications....

Applications for 3G

IMT-2000 has specified at least ...

VoiceA variety of voice servicesDifferent capacities, different pricesAll at least as good as wired voice

Messaging ServicesVariety of services - from simple paging to broadcast information subscriptions

Wireless WebSpecialized wireless web systems that allow high-speed browsing and other Internet capabilities

3G Messaging

Messaging System Support

New Applications of Messaging

• Voice Mail Notification• Reprogramming - like download new ring tones• Advertising - not spam, but new features and billing

reminders• Broadcast Information Services. News, finance,

sports, etc. Only problem, these are broadcast, not selective - if you subscribe to one, you get all.

• Specialized Information Services. Particular events. This is the non-broadcast info. Such as a stock price reaching a threshold level, or plane flights being delayed. These are normally 'extra tariff' services.

• Person-to-Person Messaging. Fastest growing area of messaging. Popular among school kids. Cheaper than voice.

The Wireless Web

Current Issues

Low Capacity: 9.6-14.4kbps

Small screens, and text only

The Wireless Web

HTML doesn't work. It is being replaced

C-HTML (compact)

HDML (Handheld Device ML)

XML (Extensible ML)

WML and WMLScript (wireless version of Javascript).

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) used between Internet and wireless user. TCP/IP translated to/from WAP at a Gateway.

Where are the ‘Killer Apps’?

3G 'expansions' are not enough

In order to turn a profit operators must determine how to derive additional income from content and services.

In order to sell a service or product, it must:Entertain orReduce Costs or Save Time orIncrease Profits

What are the new capabilities that can be utilized?It’s all about InformationLocation, Motion, Interaction, Co-relationsCombination of technologies: wireless and data-mining

Let's take a look at some of the innovative uses of wireless technology.

Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL)

SOURCE: TRIMBLE NAVIGATION

Benefits of AVL• Fast dispatch• Customer service• Safety, security• Digital messaging• Dynamic route optimization• Driver compliance

Sample AVL Users• Chicago 911• Inkombank, Moscow• Taxi companies

GPS and Auto Insurance

• Need to rate drivers accurately– age, residence and driving record not enough– driving after midnight is 10 TIMES as risky as at 8:00

a.m.– commuting is the safest kind of driving– parking in high-crime neighborhoods increases

payout• Progressive Insurance (Mayfield, Ohio)• “Autograph” policy: car is outfitted with GPS, cellular

modem, microprocessor + 256KB memory

• When ignition is turned on, car records location every six minutes

• Once a month, uploaded to Progressive by cellphone

• Customer is billed retrospectively every month

• 25-50% savings in premiums

• Increases Progressive’s share but also gives them the right share (safe drivers)

GPS and Auto Insurance

Location-Aware Applications

• Vehicle tracking

• Firemen in buildings, vital signs, oxygen remaining

• Asset tracking

• Baggage

• Shoppers assistance

• Robots

• Corporate visitors

Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC)

Problem: how to obtain data from physical objectsExamples: product ID, price, serial number

Bar code

Two-dimensional Magnetic stripe card

Smart card

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Real-Time Locating Systems (RTLS)

RFID CIRCUIT

TAG

WAND READER

AIDC Applications

• Highway toll collection

• Freight containers

• Animal identification

• Theft detection

• Inventory, asset management

• Traffic control

• Gas station billing

Java Ring

• Java-enabled i-Button

• Communicates by contact at 142 Kbps

• 64 KB ROM and 134 KB RAM

• Stores 30 digital certificates with 1024-bit keys

• Uses: authentication, e-payment, access

• Cost: $15-30 in unit quantity

iButton Link Thermocron Button Video

Bluetooth

A standard permitting wireless connection of:– Personal computers– Printers– Mobile phones– Hands-free headsets– LCD projectors– Modems– Wireless LAN devices– Notebooks– Desktop PCs– PDAs

Bluetooth Characteristics

• Operates in the 2.4 GHz Industrial-Scientific-Medical (ISM) (unlicensed) band. Packet switched. 1 milliwatt. Low cost.

• 10m to 100m range • Uses Frequency Hop (FH) spread spectrum, which divides the frequency band into a number of hop channels. During connection, devices hop from one channel to another 1600 times per second

• Bandwidth 1-2 megabits/second• Supports up to 8 devices in a piconet (two or more Bluetooth units sharing a channel).

• Built-in security. • Non line-of-sight transmission through walls and briefcases.

• Easy integration of TCP/IP for networking.

Bluetooth Devices

NOKIA 9110 + FUJIDIGITAL CAMERA

ERICSSONCOMMUNICATOR

ERICSSON R520GSM 900/1800/1900

ALCATELOne TouchTM 700

GPRS, WAP

ERICSSONBLUETOOTHCELLPHONE

HEADSET

Home and Office of the Future

Internet Pipe

Mobile display padElectronic Program guideRead & set security systemHome Theater controlDisplay News headlines

Grandma’sGrandma’s3 cups flour3 cups flour1 cup grated chocolate1 cup grated chocolate1 cup sugar1 cup sugar1 stick butter1 stick butter1/2 cup chopped walnuts1/2 cup chopped walnutsminutes.minutes.

HOMEHOME INDEXINDEX

Fridge PadFamily CalendarRecipe DisplayBuild shopping listsVoice messagingIntercom

Cordless PhoneRemote Speech recognitionCall by nameBuild shopping listsHome PBX

Office LaptopConnect to office LANEmailHome Printer accessSurf from anywhereShare files

Grandma’s Brownies3 cups flour1 cup grated chocolate1 cup sugar1 stick butter

Kids Room PCPrinter accessInternet accessFile access

Ethernet orHomePNA

Broadband

Main Home PC

Additional PC(s)

Family CarTrip Navigation downloadsDownload News/Entertainment

SOURCE: IEEE

Wireless Application Support

• WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) and iMode

• High-level protocols that use cellular transport

• WAP:

– Uses WML (Wireless Markup Language)– Divides content into “cards” equal to one telephone

screen– Simplified but incompatible form of HTML– To send to a WAP phone, must broadcast WML content

WAP Applications

Web ContentServer

MobileTerminal

MobileNetwork

Internet

WAP Gateway

Non Mobile Internet User

DatabaseServer

SOURCE: DANETWAP simulator

iMode

• Telephone, pager, email, browser, location tracking, banking, airline tickets, entertainment tickets, games

• NTT DoCoMo (In Japanese means “anywhere”) • Japan is the wireless Internet leader:

SOURCE: EUROTECHNOLOGY JAPAN K.K.

iMode

• Sits on top of packet voice/data transport• As of January 2001, > 18 million subscribers

– 50,000 new ones per day• 15% of Japan, 40% of DoCoMo users• 1380 “official” sites, 665 application partners• 37,000 unofficial sites• Fee based on data transmitted• Phonetic text input (better for Japanese)• SLOW: 9.6 Kbps, but 3G will raise to 384 K in 2001• Uses cHTML (compact HTML)

– same rendering model as HTML (whole page at a time)

– low memory footprint (no tables or frames)• Java port coming• Standby time: 400 min., device weight 2.4 oz. (74g)

SOURCES: XML.COM, NTT

iMode Operation

IP

DoCoMoDoCoMoPacketPacket

Network Network (PDC-P)(PDC-P)IP

INFOPROVIDER

INTERNET

iMode Servers

BILLINGDB

USERDB

PACKET DATAHTTP

SOURCE: SAITO & SHIN

Java Concept Car: Putting it all together

Visit the Site

Web-based, wireless-accessed Service

Wireless car ‘re-programming

On-the-fly downloaded mapping information

JavaRing ‘policy-programmed’ keys

Differently levels of wireless communications with the ‘fixed world’