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Page 1: Part IV Effects on the Major Two Countries (US and Japan ... · - 121 - Part IV Effects on the Major Two Countries (US and Japan) and World Economy of Fiscal and Monetary Policy by

- 121 -

Part IV

Effects on the Major Two Countries (US and Japan)

and World Economy

of Fiscal and Monetary Policy by the Major Two Countries

Page 2: Part IV Effects on the Major Two Countries (US and Japan ... · - 121 - Part IV Effects on the Major Two Countries (US and Japan) and World Economy of Fiscal and Monetary Policy by
Page 3: Part IV Effects on the Major Two Countries (US and Japan ... · - 121 - Part IV Effects on the Major Two Countries (US and Japan) and World Economy of Fiscal and Monetary Policy by

A. Effects of fiscal policy: a sustained reduction of income tax by 1% of nominal GDP 1. Effects of a sustained reduction of US income tax by 1% of nominal GDP (a) US Economy

Changes in 30 variables of US model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL $ %

1 0.55 1.75 0.61 0.44 0.10 0.33 0.09 0.33 -1.39 0.42 2 0.88 3.48 1.69 0.99 0.23 0.88 0.23 0.91 -4.03 0.92 3 1.10 5.24 2.68 1.46 0.40 1.51 0.39 1.57 -6.98 1.34

90

4 1.29 7.08 3.51 1.85 0.50 2.10 0.48 2.15 -9.50 1.66

1 1.46 8.90 4.23 2.15 0.59 2.55 0.56 2.67 -11.54 1.92 2 1.62 9.80 4.55 2.27 0.64 2.81 0.62 3.04 -13.57 2.00 3 1.76 9.80 4.50 2.23 0.61 2.88 0.58 3.17 -14.99 1.94

91

4 1.90 9.45 4.26 2.18 0.50 2.87 0.46 3.22 -16.14 1.86

1 1.98 8.91 3.89 2.10 0.47 2.97 0.41 3.35 -17.33 1.76 2 2.05 8.14 3.14 2.00 0.48 2.91 0.40 3.38 -18.26 1.65 3 2.08 7.65 3.07 1.94 0.47 2.98 0.37 3.52 -19.73 1.56

92

4 2.07 6.54 2.75 1.86 0.43 3.05 0.34 3.64 -20.93 1.46

AGGREGATE

90 0.95 4.25 2.12 1.18 0.31 1.20 0.30 1.24 -5.48 1.08 91 1.68 9.49 4.38 2.21 0.59 2.78 0.55 3.03 -14.06 1.93 92 2.04 7.78 3.27 1.97 0.46 2.98 0.38 3.48 -19.06 1.61

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG SG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 0.42 0.05 -0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.00 -0.89 2 0.93 0.17 -0.13 0.08 0.01 -0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.03 -0.71 3 1.35 0.35 -0.26 0.14 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.09 -0.53

90

4 1.68 0.56 -0.41 0.21 -0.02 -0.01 0.02 -0.02 -0.19 -0.35

1 1.96 0.79 -0.57 0.28 -0.03 -0.01 0.04 -0.00 -0.31 -0.26 2 2.09 1.00 -0.71 0.39 -0.01 0.02 0.09 0.04 -0.41 -0.16 3 2.13 1.16 -0.82 0.53 0.03 0.10 0.19 0.05 -0.55 -0.12

91

4 2.16 1.28 -0.88 0.64 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.04 -0.70 -0.12

1 2.18 1.35 -0.91 0.75 0.18 0.27 0.41 0.02 -0.85 -0.15 2 2.20 1.37 -0.92 0.90 0.26 0.38 0.54 -0.02 -0.97 -0.21 3 2.25 1.36 -0.90 1.08 0.36 0.49 0.69 -0.08 -1.14 -0.25

92

4 2.28 1.33 -0.86 1.23 0.45 0.59 0.81 -0.04 -1.24 -0.33

AGGREGATE

90 1.10 0.28 -0.21 0.11 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 -0.02 -0.08 -0.62 91 2.09 1.06 -0.75 0.46 0.02 0.07 0.16 0.03 -0.49 -0.16 92 2.23 1.35 -0.90 0.99 0.31 0.43 0.61 -0.03 -1.05 -0.24

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

RS RL RRLIP M2 BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.19 0.03 0.03 0.07 -1.37 -2.35 -0.01 -0.03 -0.02 -0.06 2 0.51 0.09 -0.09 0.22 -3.48 -6.51 -0.04 -0.10 -0.07 -0.22 3 0.86 0.18 -0.14 0.41 -5.84 -11.17 -0.07 -0.17 -0.12 -0.49

90

4 1.14 0.28 -0.00 0.59 -7.92 -15.31 -0.10 -0.24 -0.18 -0.82

1 1.35 0.40 0.17 0.75 -8.49 -17.45 -0.12 -0.31 -0.23 -1.19 2 1.53 0.51 0.31 0.83 -9.09 -19.13 -0.13 -0.33 -0.27 -1.52 3 1.68 0.64 0.49 0.83 -9.02 -20.27 -0.12 -0.32 -0.29 -1.88

91

4 1.82 0.77 0.75 0.78 -8.93 -21.56 -0.12 -0.35 -0.32 -2.26

1 1.94 0.90 0.85 0.68 -8.77 -22.73 -0.11 -0.36 -0.34 -2.61 2 2.06 1.06 0.97 0.62 -8.53 -23.79 -0.10 -0.36 -0.35 -2.99 3 2.17 1.22 1.13 0.58 -8.62 -24.83 -0.09 -0.37 -0.38 -3.46

92

4 2.25 1.40 1.27 0.55 -8.49 -26.45 -0.09 -0.38 -0.40 -3.73

AGGREGATE

90 0.68 0.14 -0.05 0.32 -4.65 -8.84 -0.06 -0.14 -0.10 -0.41 91 1.59 0.58 0.43 0.79 -8.88 -19.60 -0.12 -0.33 -0.28 -1.71 92 2.10 1.15 1.06 0.61 -8.60 -24.45 -0.10 -0.36 -0.37 -3.20

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(b) Japanese Economy

Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M GDP GDPV

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % % %

1 0.00 -0.00 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.02 0.01 2 -0.00 -0.01 0.07 0.02 0.36 0.03 0.34 0.00 0.06 0.05 3 0.00 -0.01 0.15 0.04 0.71 0.06 0.69 0.01 0.13 0.10

90

4 0.00 -0.02 0.27 0.07 1.08 0.09 1.05 0.01 0.22 0.17

1 0.01 -0.01 0.40 0.12 1.46 0.12 1.44 0.00 0.32 0.27 2 0.02 -0.02 0.57 0.17 1.83 0.15 1.81 -0.08 0.43 0.37 3 0.04 -0.01 0.73 0.22 2.08 0.14 2.07 -0.14 0.53 0.49

91

4 0.06 -0.02 0.89 0.27 2.24 0.10 2.24 -0.25 0.62 0.61

1 0.08 -0.02 1.03 0.31 2.42 0.03 2.45 -0.36 0.71 0.73 2 0.11 -0.02 1.18 0.35 2.65 0.00 2.69 -0.50 0.80 0.86 3 0.13 -0.01 1.34 0.39 2.83 -0.08 2.89 -0.59 0.89 1.00

92

4 0.16 0.00 1.54 0.44 3.11 -0.16 3.15 -0.80 1.01 1.17

AGGREGATE

90 0.00 -0.01 0.13 0.03 0.58 0.04 0.55 0.01 0.11 0.08 91 0.03 -0.02 0.65 0.19 1.91 0.13 1.89 -0.11 0.47 0.44 92 0.12 -0.01 1.27 0.37 2.76 -0.05 2.80 -0.56 0.85 0.94

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV RS

YEAR Q % % PT % % % % % % % PT % PT

1 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.09 0.14 0.01 0.00 2 0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.02 0.26 0.41 0.03 0.01 3 0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.03 0.51 0.83 0.06 0.01

90

4 0.03 -0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 -0.05 0.83 1.36 0.09 0.03

1 0.05 -0.05 0.05 0.03 0.05 -0.05 1.12 1.90 0.13 0.05 2 0.08 -0.08 0.08 0.05 0.08 -0.05 1.40 2.50 0.18 0.08 3 0.12 -0.11 0.13 0.08 0.12 -0.04 1.72 3.05 0.20 0.12

91

4 0.15 -0.14 0.19 0.12 0.16 -0.01 2.01 3.50 0.23 0.17

1 0.19 -0.18 0.28 0.17 0.22 0.03 2.35 4.08 0.26 0.22 2 0.23 -0.21 0.37 0.22 0.28 0.05 2.68 4.61 0.29 0.27 3 0.27 -0.24 0.48 0.29 0.35 0.10 3.14 5.34 0.33 0.33

92

4 0.31 -0.27 0.61 0.36 0.44 0.16 3.34 5.81 0.39 0.39

AGGREGATE

90 0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.03 0.42 0.69 0.05 0.01 91 0.10 -0.10 0.12 0.07 0.11 -0.04 1.56 2.72 0.18 0.11 92 0.25 -0.22 0.44 0.26 0.32 0.08 2.87 4.95 0.32 0.30

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

RL RRLPIF M2 BFR BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % BIL ¥ MIL $ MIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.01 0.01 0.01 58.64 168.06 193.04 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.12 2 0.02 0.01 0.03 188.26 474.66 318.92 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.37 3 0.03 0.02 0.07 373.63 880.60 683.80 0.04 0.03 0.09 0.79

90

4 0.05 0.02 0.14 591.66 1257.70 1145.71 0.06 0.05 0.15 1.32

1 0.07 0.00 0.23 818.77 1459.06 1535.32 0.09 0.08 0.20 1.88 2 0.09 -0.01 0.34 1070.70 1624.44 1953.64 0.11 0.11 0.26 2.43 3 0.11 -0.01 0.46 1290.98 1750.95 2388.51 0.13 0.13 0.31 2.99

91

4 0.14 -0.01 0.57 1486.15 1764.54 2747.88 0.15 0.16 0.35 3.53

1 0.18 -0.01 0.68 1692.93 1723.05 3191.72 0.17 0.19 0.39 4.12 2 0.22 0.01 0.79 1906.68 1829.76 3901.40 0.19 0.24 0.44 4.72 3 0.28 0.03 0.89 2118.55 1845.21 4668.89 0.21 0.26 0.49 5.51

92

4 0.31 0.04 1.01 2413.77 1938.73 5511.55 0.23 0.32 0.56 5.98

AGGREGATE

90 0.03 0.01 0.06 303.05 695.25 585.24 0.04 0.03 0.08 0.63 91 0.10 -0.01 0.40 1166.65 1649.75 2156.33 0.12 0.12 0.28 2.70 92 0.25 0.02 0.84 2032.98 1834.19 4318.39 0.20 0.25 0.47 5.07

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(c) World Economy

Changes in 8 variables of Trade-Linkage model

TW& PTW& PXIND& PCOMW& XG9& MG9& GDP9 PGDP9

YEAR Q % % % % % % % %

1 0.10 -0.01 -0.04 0.22 0.12 0.11 0.22 -0.08 2 0.27 -0.07 -0.13 0.52 0.31 0.29 0.50 -0.23 3 0.47 -0.18 -0.28 0.82 0.56 0.49 0.74 -0.46

90

4 0.65 -0.29 -0.44 1.15 0.78 0.69 0.94 -0.71

1 0.81 -0.41 -0.60 1.32 0.98 0.85 1.12 -0.93 2 0.94 -0.45 -0.68 1.53 1.13 0.98 1.20 -1.06 3 1.02 -0.55 -0.80 1.54 1.23 1.07 1.21 -1.18

91

4 1.06 -0.66 -0.93 1.48 1.26 1.13 1.21 -1.32

1 1.12 -0.77 -1.06 1.42 1.32 1.18 1.19 -1.43 2 1.22 -0.89 -1.22 1.51 1.44 1.25 1.18 -1.57 3 1.29 -1.07 -1.41 1.50 1.51 1.33 1.17 -1.76

92

4 1.39 -1.03 -1.42 1.53 1.62 1.44 1.17 -1.69

AGGREGATE

90 0.38 -0.14 -0.23 0.68 0.44 0.40 0.60 -0.38 91 0.96 -0.52 -0.75 1.47 1.15 1.01 1.18 -1.12 92 1.26 -0.94 -1.28 1.49 1.47 1.30 1.18 -1.61

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2. Effects of a sustained reduction of Japanese income tax by 1% of nominal GDP (a) US Economy

Changes in 30 variables of US model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL $ %

1 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 -0.00 0.18 0.00 2 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.08 -0.00 0.45 0.01 3 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.13 0.01 0.14 -0.01 0.76 0.02

90

4 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.02 0.19 0.01 0.20 -0.01 1.08 0.04

1 0.01 0.06 0.10 0.03 0.24 0.02 0.26 -0.01 1.40 0.06 2 0.01 0.09 0.14 0.04 0.29 0.02 0.31 -0.01 1.77 0.07 3 0.02 0.11 0.18 0.05 0.33 0.02 0.36 -0.01 2.06 0.09

91

4 0.03 0.14 0.21 0.06 0.36 0.01 0.39 -0.02 2.29 0.11

1 0.03 0.16 0.23 0.07 0.39 0.00 0.42 -0.03 2.58 0.12 2 0.04 0.17 0.23 0.07 0.40 -0.01 0.44 -0.04 2.73 0.13 3 0.05 0.19 0.23 0.07 0.42 -0.03 0.45 -0.06 2.97 0.13

92

4 0.05 0.19 0.23 0.08 0.41 -0.05 0.46 -0.07 3.16 0.14

AGGREGATE

90 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.11 0.01 0.12 -0.00 0.62 0.02 91 0.02 0.10 0.16 0.04 0.31 0.02 0.33 -0.01 1.88 0.08 92 0.04 0.18 0.23 0.07 0.41 -0.02 0.44 -0.05 2.86 0.13

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG SG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 2 0.01 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.04 0.00 3 0.02 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.03 0.07 0.01

90

4 0.03 0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.04 0.11 0.01

1 0.05 0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 -0.01 0.06 0.14 0.02 2 0.06 0.02 -0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.07 0.18 0.02 3 0.08 0.03 -0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.08 0.20 0.03

91

4 0.10 0.05 -0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 -0.01 0.09 0.21 0.04

1 0.11 0.06 -0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 -0.00 0.10 0.23 0.04 2 0.13 0.07 -0.05 0.04 0.02 0.03 -0.00 0.11 0.24 0.05 3 0.14 0.08 -0.05 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.12 0.24 0.05

92

4 0.15 0.08 -0.06 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.13 0.25 0.06

AGGREGATE

90 0.01 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.02 0.06 0.00 91 0.07 0.03 -0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.07 0.18 0.03 92 0.13 0.07 -0.05 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.12 0.24 0.05

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

RS RL RRLIP M2 BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.06 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 2 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.13 0.28 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.14 3 0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.19 0.44 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.20

90

4 0.02 0.00 -0.02 0.01 0.28 0.61 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.25

1 0.03 0.01 -0.02 0.01 0.40 0.79 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.28 2 0.04 0.01 -0.02 0.02 0.51 0.99 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.30 3 0.06 0.02 -0.02 0.03 0.63 1.17 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.31

91

4 0.07 0.02 -0.01 0.04 0.76 1.35 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.31

1 0.08 0.03 -0.00 0.04 0.94 1.59 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.30 2 0.10 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.99 1.67 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.30 3 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.05 1.15 1.90 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.30

92

4 0.12 0.05 0.02 0.06 1.31 2.06 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.28

AGGREGATE

90 0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.17 0.37 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.17 91 0.05 0.01 -0.02 0.02 0.58 1.07 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.30 92 0.10 0.04 0.01 0.05 1.10 1.81 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.29

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(b) Japanese Economy

Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M GDP GDPV

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % % %

1 0.30 0.54 0.16 0.23 0.00 0.14 -0.01 0.19 0.21 0.22 2 0.52 1.00 0.40 0.43 -0.00 0.35 -0.02 0.42 0.37 0.39 3 0.68 1.35 0.58 0.59 -0.01 0.57 -0.03 0.67 0.49 0.54

90

4 0.81 1.69 0.73 0.72 -0.02 0.81 -0.05 0.95 0.58 0.65

1 0.93 1.99 0.84 0.84 -0.03 1.02 -0.07 1.22 0.66 0.75 2 1.02 2.30 0.93 0.93 -0.05 1.27 -0.09 1.52 0.71 0.84 3 1.10 2.48 1.01 0.99 -0.07 1.43 -0.10 1.68 0.74 0.93

91

4 1.16 2.68 1.08 1.06 -0.09 1.61 -0.11 1.90 0.77 1.00

1 1.22 2.78 1.14 1.10 -0.11 1.77 -0.14 2.03 0.80 1.09 2 1.28 2.74 1.20 1.15 -0.14 1.78 -0.17 2.10 0.83 1.18 3 1.31 2.78 1.26 1.19 -0.17 1.84 -0.20 2.17 0.85 1.26

92

4 1.35 2.87 1.30 1.21 -0.21 1.94 -0.23 2.30 0.85 1.34

AGGREGATE

90 0.58 1.15 0.47 0.50 -0.01 0.46 -0.03 0.56 0.42 0.45 91 1.05 2.35 0.97 0.95 -0.06 1.33 -0.09 1.58 0.72 0.88 92 1.29 2.79 1.22 1.16 -0.16 1.83 -0.18 2.15 0.83 1.22

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV RS

YEAR Q % % PT % % % % % % % PT % PT

1 0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.21 -0.26 -0.94 -0.00 2 0.04 -0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 -0.33 -0.44 -0.87 -0.00 3 0.08 -0.08 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.04 -0.42 -0.61 -0.83 0.00

90

4 0.12 -0.11 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.07 -0.49 -0.76 -0.82 0.01

1 0.17 -0.15 0.13 0.02 0.03 0.10 -0.51 -0.82 -0.80 0.03 2 0.20 -0.18 0.19 0.04 0.05 0.14 -0.50 -0.88 -0.78 0.04 3 0.24 -0.20 0.26 0.06 0.08 0.18 -0.49 -0.92 -0.79 0.07

91

4 0.26 -0.22 0.33 0.09 0.11 0.23 -0.44 -0.88 -0.77 0.10

1 0.28 -0.23 0.41 0.12 0.16 0.29 -0.41 -0.89 -0.77 0.13 2 0.30 -0.23 0.50 0.17 0.21 0.34 -0.38 -0.88 -0.74 0.17 3 0.31 -0.23 0.59 0.22 0.26 0.41 -0.38 -0.93 -0.74 0.21

92

4 0.32 -0.23 0.69 0.27 0.33 0.48 -0.28 -0.86 -0.70 0.25

AGGREGATE

90 0.06 -0.06 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04 -0.36 -0.52 -0.87 0.00 91 0.22 -0.19 0.23 0.05 0.07 0.16 -0.49 -0.87 -0.79 0.06 92 0.30 -0.23 0.55 0.20 0.24 0.38 -0.36 -0.89 -0.74 0.19

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

RL RRLPIF M2 BFR BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % BIL ¥ MIL $ MIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.13 0.13 0.12 -114.51 -182.86 -477.66 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.26 2 0.12 0.12 0.31 -268.60 -444.49 -827.99 -0.03 -0.04 -0.06 -0.47 3 0.13 0.12 0.50 -418.35 -726.34 -1219.08 -0.05 -0.05 -0.10 -0.66

90

4 0.13 0.11 0.67 -586.69 -1137.23 -1744.22 -0.07 -0.07 -0.14 -0.82

1 0.15 0.11 0.80 -739.35 -1413.78 -2126.44 -0.09 -0.09 -0.18 -0.92 2 0.17 0.11 0.91 -902.50 -1696.43 -2457.12 -0.11 -0.12 -0.22 -0.98 3 0.19 0.10 1.01 -1032.36 -1896.56 -2717.26 -0.12 -0.13 -0.25 -1.03

91

4 0.20 0.08 1.10 -1156.41 -2130.49 -3003.36 -0.13 -0.14 -0.28 -1.02

1 0.23 0.09 1.17 -1248.47 -2332.63 -3232.18 -0.14 -0.15 -0.30 -1.03 2 0.26 0.10 1.26 -1286.50 -2371.55 -3313.49 -0.14 -0.16 -0.31 -1.04 3 0.29 0.11 1.32 -1358.39 -2608.25 -3653.59 -0.15 -0.16 -0.33 -1.09

92

4 0.32 0.12 1.38 -1450.90 -2558.07 -3626.43 -0.15 -0.18 -0.35 -1.04

AGGREGATE

90 0.13 0.12 0.41 -347.04 -622.73 -1067.24 -0.04 -0.05 -0.08 -0.54 91 0.18 0.10 0.96 -957.65 -1784.31 -2576.04 -0.11 -0.12 -0.23 -0.99 92 0.28 0.10 1.28 -1336.07 -2467.62 -3456.42 -0.15 -0.16 -0.32 -1.05

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(c) World Economy

Changes in 8 variables of Trade-Linkage model

TW& PTW& PXIND& PCOMW& XG9& MG9& GDP9 PGDP9

YEAR Q % % % % % % % %

1 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06 2 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.11 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.11 3 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.19 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.16

90

4 0.11 0.07 0.07 0.28 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.21

1 0.14 0.09 0.10 0.36 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.24 2 0.18 0.11 0.11 0.45 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.28 3 0.21 0.12 0.13 0.52 0.19 0.21 0.20 0.30

91

4 0.23 0.12 0.14 0.56 0.21 0.24 0.22 0.31

1 0.25 0.13 0.15 0.60 0.23 0.26 0.23 0.33 2 0.26 0.13 0.15 0.63 0.23 0.25 0.24 0.35 3 0.27 0.13 0.15 0.66 0.23 0.26 0.25 0.38

92

4 0.28 0.15 0.17 0.67 0.23 0.27 0.25 0.40

AGGREGATE

90 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.15 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.13 91 0.19 0.11 0.12 0.47 0.18 0.20 0.19 0.28 92 0.27 0.14 0.16 0.64 0.23 0.26 0.24 0.37

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B. Effects of monetary policy: a sustained increase in money supply by 1% 1. Effects of a sustained increase in US money supply (M2) by 1% (a) US Economy

Changes in 30 variables of US model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL $ %

1 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 2 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.05 3 0.11 0.23 0.30 0.13 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.08 -0.01 0.13

90

4 0.20 0.46 0.56 0.24 0.13 0.20 0.17 0.17 -0.07 0.24

1 0.29 0.78 0.90 0.37 0.21 0.31 0.26 0.27 -0.09 0.37 2 0.37 1.10 1.21 0.49 0.29 0.42 0.37 0.36 -0.03 0.49 3 0.43 1.36 1.47 0.58 0.36 0.49 0.45 0.42 0.05 0.59

91

4 0.46 1.56 1.65 0.64 0.39 0.51 0.50 0.44 0.25 0.65

1 0.48 1.73 1.70 0.65 0.42 0.49 0.54 0.40 0.73 0.67 2 0.49 1.90 1.65 0.65 0.44 0.40 0.58 0.33 1.28 0.68 3 0.51 2.18 1.62 0.64 0.46 0.30 0.60 0.23 2.04 0.68

92

4 0.53 2.32 1.59 0.64 0.44 0.20 0.61 0.16 2.64 0.69

AGGREGATE

90 0.09 0.19 0.26 0.11 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.07 -0.02 0.11 91 0.39 1.21 1.31 0.52 0.32 0.43 0.40 0.38 0.04 0.52 92 0.50 2.04 1.64 0.64 0.44 0.34 0.58 0.28 1.67 0.68

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG SG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 0.01 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 2 0.05 0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.03 0.06 0.02 3 0.12 0.02 -0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.06 0.14 0.05

90

4 0.22 0.05 -0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 -0.02 0.11 0.25 0.11

1 0.35 0.10 -0.07 0.04 0.01 0.01 -0.02 0.17 0.38 0.17 2 0.46 0.16 -0.12 0.06 0.01 0.02 -0.03 0.22 0.50 0.24 3 0.56 0.23 -0.17 0.10 0.02 0.03 -0.02 0.28 0.60 0.31

91

4 0.63 0.30 -0.21 0.13 0.03 0.05 -0.01 0.34 0.68 0.36

1 0.68 0.36 -0.25 0.16 0.05 0.07 0.01 0.39 0.75 0.39 2 0.71 0.41 -0.29 0.21 0.08 0.11 0.03 0.45 0.81 0.41 3 0.75 0.45 -0.31 0.26 0.11 0.15 0.07 0.52 0.90 0.43

92

4 0.80 0.48 -0.33 0.33 0.14 0.20 0.11 0.55 0.96 0.45

AGGREGATE

90 0.10 0.02 -0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.05 0.12 0.05 91 0.50 0.20 -0.14 0.08 0.02 0.03 -0.02 0.25 0.54 0.27 92 0.74 0.42 -0.29 0.24 0.10 0.13 0.05 0.48 0.86 0.42

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

RS RL RRLIP M2 BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.25 -0.03 -0.03 0.20 -0.07 0.98 -0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 2 -0.48 -0.09 -0.10 0.40 -0.29 1.94 -0.00 0.04 0.00 0.15 3 -0.67 -0.16 -0.19 0.60 -0.72 2.43 -0.01 0.05 0.00 0.33

90

4 -0.81 -0.23 -0.30 0.80 -1.33 2.67 -0.02 0.05 0.00 0.55

1 -0.93 -0.30 -0.41 1.00 -1.86 2.80 -0.03 0.05 -0.00 0.81 2 -0.77 -0.33 -0.48 1.00 -2.47 1.61 -0.04 0.03 0.00 1.01 3 -0.62 -0.35 -0.51 1.00 -2.90 0.41 -0.04 0.01 0.00 1.19

91

4 -0.49 -0.36 -0.49 1.00 -3.12 -0.13 -0.04 0.00 0.01 1.34

1 -0.45 -0.38 -0.51 1.00 -2.91 0.15 -0.04 0.01 0.02 1.45 2 -0.38 -0.41 -0.53 1.00 -2.82 0.15 -0.03 0.01 0.03 1.59 3 -0.31 -0.45 -0.56 1.00 -2.60 0.32 -0.03 0.02 0.05 1.78

92

4 -0.24 -0.48 -0.61 1.00 -2.23 0.44 -0.02 0.02 0.06 1.87

AGGREGATE

90 -0.55 -0.13 -0.16 0.50 -0.60 2.01 -0.01 0.04 0.00 0.27 91 -0.70 -0.33 -0.47 1.00 -2.58 1.17 -0.04 0.02 0.00 1.09 92 -0.35 -0.43 -0.55 1.00 -2.64 0.26 -0.03 0.01 0.04 1.67

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(b) Japanese Economy

Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M GDP GDPV

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % % %

1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.00 -0.00 3 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 -0.00 -0.00

90

4 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.07 -0.00 -0.00

1 0.01 0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.12 0.08 0.06 0.13 -0.01 -0.01 2 0.01 0.04 -0.02 -0.00 0.15 0.13 0.08 0.23 -0.02 -0.02 3 0.01 0.05 -0.05 -0.00 0.16 0.19 0.09 0.32 -0.03 -0.04

91

4 0.01 0.08 -0.07 -0.00 0.15 0.25 0.08 0.42 -0.05 -0.06

1 0.01 0.10 -0.10 -0.01 0.10 0.31 0.03 0.51 -0.07 -0.08 2 0.02 0.12 -0.13 -0.01 0.03 0.34 -0.04 0.60 -0.10 -0.11 3 0.02 0.14 -0.17 -0.02 -0.07 0.38 -0.13 0.65 -0.12 -0.14

92

4 0.02 0.16 -0.22 -0.03 -0.17 0.42 -0.23 0.76 -0.16 -0.19

AGGREGATE

90 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 -0.00 -0.00 91 0.01 0.05 -0.04 -0.00 0.15 0.16 0.08 0.28 -0.03 -0.03 92 0.02 0.13 -0.15 -0.02 -0.03 0.36 -0.10 0.63 -0.11 -0.13

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV RS

YEAR Q % % PT % % % % % % % PT % PT

1 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.04 -0.05 -0.00 -0.00 2 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.12 -0.14 -0.00 -0.00 3 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.26 -0.31 -0.01 -0.01

90

4 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.43 -0.56 -0.01 -0.01

1 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.00 -0.60 -0.81 -0.02 -0.02 2 -0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.00 -0.73 -1.07 -0.03 -0.03 3 -0.00 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.00 -0.87 -1.31 -0.03 -0.04

91

4 -0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.05 -0.01 -0.96 -1.47 -0.03 -0.05

1 -0.01 0.02 -0.04 -0.05 -0.06 -0.01 -1.06 -1.67 -0.04 -0.07 2 -0.02 0.02 -0.05 -0.06 -0.08 -0.01 -1.17 -1.83 -0.04 -0.08 3 -0.03 0.03 -0.07 -0.07 -0.09 -0.02 -1.34 -2.10 -0.05 -0.09

92

4 -0.04 0.04 -0.10 -0.09 -0.11 -0.02 -1.35 -2.21 -0.06 -0.11

AGGREGATE

90 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.21 -0.27 -0.01 -0.00 91 -0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.00 -0.79 -1.15 -0.03 -0.04 92 -0.03 0.03 -0.07 -0.07 -0.09 -0.02 -1.23 -1.95 -0.05 -0.09

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

RL RRLPIF M2 BFR BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % BIL ¥ MIL $ MIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -1.03 21.21 3.12 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.06 2 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 -4.56 98.94 35.62 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.19 3 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -8.70 274.72 131.61 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.41

90

4 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -17.76 594.16 342.82 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.71

1 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 -37.93 965.35 594.10 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -1.04 2 -0.03 -0.01 0.00 -85.26 1345.98 860.47 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -1.35 3 -0.04 -0.00 -0.00 -129.82 1642.59 1076.45 -0.00 -0.01 -0.03 -1.63

91

4 -0.05 -0.01 -0.01 -197.07 1833.00 1229.15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.05 -1.85

1 -0.06 -0.01 -0.03 -278.72 2070.17 1396.41 -0.01 -0.02 -0.07 -2.08 2 -0.07 -0.02 -0.05 -364.35 2027.90 1211.86 -0.02 -0.04 -0.09 -2.29 3 -0.08 -0.03 -0.07 -451.94 2089.83 1044.82 -0.03 -0.05 -0.11 -2.59

92

4 -0.09 -0.03 -0.10 -572.94 2042.01 762.86 -0.04 -0.07 -0.13 -2.73

AGGREGATE

90 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -8.01 247.26 128.29 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.33 91 -0.04 -0.01 -0.00 -112.52 1446.73 940.04 -0.00 -0.01 -0.03 -1.47 92 -0.08 -0.02 -0.06 -416.99 2057.48 1103.99 -0.03 -0.04 -0.10 -2.42

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(c) World Economy

Changes in 8 variables of Trade-Linkage model

TW& PTW& PXIND& PCOMW& XG9& MG9& GDP9 PGDP9

YEAR Q % % % % % % % %

1 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 2 0.02 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.07 3 0.05 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.16

90

4 0.08 0.25 0.27 0.31 0.09 0.09 0.12 0.27

1 0.12 0.36 0.39 0.47 0.14 0.14 0.18 0.38 2 0.16 0.43 0.47 0.66 0.18 0.18 0.24 0.47 3 0.19 0.50 0.55 0.79 0.21 0.21 0.28 0.55

91

4 0.19 0.56 0.62 0.86 0.22 0.22 0.30 0.63

1 0.19 0.61 0.68 0.91 0.21 0.21 0.31 0.70 2 0.17 0.69 0.77 0.97 0.19 0.18 0.30 0.80 3 0.15 0.79 0.89 1.03 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.93

92

4 0.13 0.82 0.94 1.03 0.11 0.12 0.29 0.99

AGGREGATE

90 0.04 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.13 91 0.17 0.46 0.51 0.70 0.19 0.19 0.25 0.51 92 0.16 0.73 0.82 0.99 0.17 0.17 0.30 0.85

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2. Effects of a sustained increase in Japanese money supply (M2) by 1% (a) US Economy

Changes in 30 variables of US model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL $ %

1 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.02 0.00 2 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 -0.07 0.00 3 -0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.05 -0.17 -0.00

90

4 -0.00 -0.02 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.08 -0.29 -0.01

1 -0.01 -0.05 0.00 -0.00 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.13 -0.44 -0.01 2 -0.01 -0.08 -0.01 -0.01 0.08 0.07 0.04 0.16 -0.66 -0.02 3 -0.02 -0.10 -0.04 -0.02 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.17 -0.83 -0.04

91

4 -0.02 -0.11 -0.08 -0.04 0.02 0.08 -0.01 0.15 -0.92 -0.05

1 -0.02 -0.10 -0.10 -0.04 -0.01 0.08 -0.03 0.13 -0.91 -0.06 2 -0.02 -0.08 -0.10 -0.04 -0.02 0.09 -0.03 0.11 -0.80 -0.06 3 -0.02 -0.04 -0.08 -0.04 -0.01 0.10 -0.01 0.09 -0.66 -0.05

92

4 -0.02 -0.00 -0.04 -0.02 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.09 -0.50 -0.03

AGGREGATE

90 -0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 -0.13 -0.00 91 -0.01 -0.09 -0.03 -0.02 0.06 0.07 0.02 0.15 -0.71 -0.03 92 -0.02 -0.05 -0.08 -0.04 -0.01 0.09 -0.01 0.11 -0.72 -0.05

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG SG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 2 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.04 0.00 3 0.01 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 -0.04 -0.10 0.00

90

4 0.01 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 0.01 -0.06 -0.16 0.00

1 0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.02 -0.08 -0.22 0.00 2 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 -0.09 -0.24 -0.00 3 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.01 -0.09 -0.22 -0.01

91

4 -0.05 -0.02 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 -0.07 -0.16 -0.02

1 -0.07 -0.02 0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.05 -0.10 -0.02 2 -0.07 -0.03 0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 3 -0.07 -0.03 0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 0.02 -0.03

92

4 -0.05 -0.03 0.02 -0.03 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.00 0.04 -0.02

AGGREGATE

90 0.01 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 -0.03 -0.08 0.00 91 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.01 -0.08 -0.21 -0.01 92 -0.06 -0.03 0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

RS RL RRLIP M2 BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 -0.23 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.12 2 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.20 -0.46 0.00 -0.01 -0.00 -0.28 3 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.42 -0.73 0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.51

90

4 0.00 -0.00 0.02 0.01 0.66 -0.62 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.71

1 -0.00 -0.00 0.03 0.01 0.81 -0.38 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.83 2 -0.01 -0.00 0.03 0.01 0.81 0.03 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.77 3 -0.02 -0.00 0.02 -0.00 0.59 0.31 0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.59

91

4 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.21 0.32 0.00 0.01 -0.02 -0.38

1 -0.04 -0.01 -0.00 -0.03 -0.19 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 -0.02 -0.23 2 -0.04 -0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.53 -0.39 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.10 3 -0.03 -0.01 -0.03 -0.04 -0.75 -0.73 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.09

92

4 -0.02 -0.01 -0.04 -0.04 -0.82 -0.84 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.12

AGGREGATE

90 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.33 -0.51 0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.41 91 -0.02 -0.00 0.02 -0.00 0.61 0.07 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.65 92 -0.03 -0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -0.57 -0.49 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.14

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(b) Japanese Economy

Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M GDP GDPV

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % % %

1 -0.00 0.08 0.11 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 -0.01 0.04 0.03 2 0.03 0.18 0.29 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.10 -0.02 0.12 0.10 3 0.08 0.31 0.56 0.21 0.15 0.06 0.20 -0.04 0.24 0.22

90

4 0.17 0.40 0.82 0.34 0.28 0.12 0.34 -0.05 0.39 0.37

1 0.27 0.46 1.06 0.46 0.44 0.17 0.51 -0.05 0.54 0.55 2 0.37 0.42 1.18 0.54 0.59 0.22 0.64 -0.12 0.64 0.68 3 0.43 0.29 1.15 0.55 0.67 0.22 0.68 -0.11 0.66 0.74

91

4 0.44 0.17 1.06 0.52 0.67 0.21 0.65 -0.11 0.62 0.75

1 0.43 0.17 0.97 0.47 0.63 0.18 0.59 -0.07 0.56 0.76 2 0.41 0.21 0.87 0.43 0.56 0.18 0.51 -0.02 0.50 0.74 3 0.39 0.34 0.86 0.42 0.48 0.20 0.44 0.07 0.47 0.76

92

4 0.38 0.50 0.86 0.42 0.42 0.25 0.39 0.17 0.45 0.80

AGGREGATE

90 0.07 0.25 0.45 0.17 0.13 0.05 0.17 -0.03 0.20 0.18 91 0.38 0.34 1.11 0.52 0.59 0.21 0.62 -0.10 0.62 0.68 92 0.40 0.31 0.89 0.44 0.52 0.20 0.48 0.04 0.50 0.76

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV RS

YEAR Q % % PT % % % % % % % PT % PT

1 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.33 0.41 0.03 -0.81 2 0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.02 0.69 0.92 0.07 -0.64 3 0.03 -0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 -0.02 1.21 1.67 0.13 -0.89

90

4 0.06 -0.06 0.05 0.03 0.05 -0.02 1.63 2.35 0.19 -0.52

1 0.10 -0.09 0.09 0.06 0.09 0.01 1.81 2.71 0.25 -0.41 2 0.14 -0.14 0.15 0.09 0.13 0.04 1.53 2.54 0.27 0.34 3 0.18 -0.17 0.22 0.13 0.17 0.08 1.10 1.97 0.23 0.42

91

4 0.22 -0.20 0.30 0.17 0.20 0.13 0.68 1.26 0.20 0.08

1 0.23 -0.21 0.39 0.21 0.24 0.19 0.47 0.80 0.17 -0.14 2 0.23 -0.20 0.47 0.24 0.27 0.24 0.30 0.41 0.17 0.10 3 0.23 -0.18 0.54 0.28 0.31 0.29 0.40 0.41 0.18 -0.29

92

4 0.21 -0.16 0.62 0.31 0.35 0.34 0.56 0.54 0.22 -0.15

AGGREGATE

90 0.02 -0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 -0.02 0.96 1.34 0.10 -0.72 91 0.16 -0.15 0.19 0.11 0.15 0.06 1.28 2.14 0.24 0.11 92 0.23 -0.18 0.51 0.26 0.29 0.26 0.43 0.54 0.18 -0.12

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

RL RRLPIF M2 BFR BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % BIL ¥ MIL $ MIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.21 -0.21 0.21 22.52 -180.58 -70.45 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.40 2 -0.33 -0.34 0.38 67.97 -527.48 -268.35 -0.00 0.00 0.02 0.92 3 -0.47 -0.51 0.63 135.95 -1060.08 -565.34 -0.00 -0.00 0.04 1.69

90

4 -0.48 -0.55 0.80 223.48 -1655.19 -936.12 -0.01 -0.01 0.06 2.37

1 -0.45 -0.56 0.99 323.29 -1975.60 -1101.19 -0.00 0.00 0.08 2.77 2 -0.19 -0.34 1.00 430.82 -1739.10 -891.62 0.00 0.02 0.10 2.57 3 0.01 -0.15 0.95 464.40 -1132.52 -443.89 0.01 0.02 0.11 1.98

91

4 0.08 -0.08 0.98 452.65 -296.16 226.36 0.01 0.02 0.10 1.30

1 0.03 -0.11 1.03 399.20 433.47 870.64 0.01 0.03 0.09 0.82 2 0.04 -0.08 0.98 318.70 978.24 1428.22 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.41 3 -0.06 -0.17 1.02 230.12 1106.37 1759.00 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.39

92

4 -0.09 -0.19 1.02 148.06 896.44 1751.30 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.51

AGGREGATE

90 -0.37 -0.40 0.51 112.48 -855.83 -460.07 -0.00 -0.00 0.03 1.31 91 -0.14 -0.28 0.98 417.79 -1285.84 -552.59 0.00 0.01 0.10 2.16 92 -0.02 -0.14 1.01 274.02 85363 1452.29 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.54

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(c) World Economy

Changes in 8 variables of Trade-Linkage model

TW& PTW& PXIND& PCOMW& XG9& MG9& GDP9 PGDP9

YEAR Q % % % % % % % %

1 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 -0.08 2 0.02 -0.03 -0.05 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 -0.18 3 0.04 -0.07 -0.10 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.04 -0.33

90

4 0.07 -0.11 -0.17 0.02 0.08 0.05 0.07 -0.48

1 0.10 -0.14 -0.22 0.02 0.12 0.07 0.09 -0.55 2 0.11 -0.15 -0.23 0.02 0.15 0.09 0.10 -0.51 3 0.11 -0.13 -0.20 0.00 0.15 0.09 0.10 -0.38

91

4 0.09 -0.09 -0.14 -0.02 0.12 0.09 0.08 -0.22

1 0.07 -0.05 -0.07 -0.02 0.10 0.08 0.07 -0.10 2 0.05 -0.00 -0.01 -0.00 0.08 0.07 0.06 -0.01 3 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.01

92

4 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 -0.01

AGGREGATE

90 0.03 -0.06 -0.09 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.03 -0.27 91 0.10 -0.13 -0.20 0.00 0.14 0.08 0.09 -0.42 92 0.05 -0.00 -0.01 0.02 0.08 0.07 0.06 -0.03

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Supplement: Effects of a sustained increase in German money supply (M2) by 1% (a) US Economy

Changes in 30 variables of US model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL $ %

1 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.08 -0.00 2 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.00 -0.02 0.00 -0.03 0.00 -0.18 -0.00 3 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.04 0.01 -0.05 0.01 -0.30 -0.01

90

4 -0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.04 0.01 -0.05 0.01 -0.34 -0.01

1 -0.00 -0.03 -0.03 -0.01 -0.05 0.01 -0.06 0.02 -0.41 -0.02 2 -0.01 -0.04 -0.04 -0.01 -0.03 0.02 -0.04 0.02 -0.33 -0.02 3 -0.01 -0.05 -0.04 -0.01 -0.02 0.03 -0.03 0.03 -0.31 -0.02

91

4 -0.01 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 -0.00 0.04 -0.01 0.03 -0.27 -0.02

1 -0.01 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 -0.00 0.05 -0.01 0.04 -0.32 -0.02 2 -0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.06 -0.27 -0.01 3 -0.01 -0.03 -0.00 -0.00 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.07 -0.38 -0.01

92

4 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 -0.01 0.03 0.08 0.02 0.08 -0.34 -0.01

AGGREGATE

90 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.03 0.00 -0.04 0.01 -0.22 -0.01 91 -0.01 -0.04 -0.04 -0.01 -0.02 0.02 -0.03 0.02 -0.33 -0.02 92 -0.01 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 0.02 0.07 0.01 0.06 -0.33 -0.01

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG SG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 2 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.04 -0.00 3 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.04 -0.07 -0.00

90

4 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.05 -0.08 -0.00

1 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.05 -0.09 -0.00 2 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.00 -0.04 -0.08 -0.01 3 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.04 -0.06 -0.01

91

4 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.04 -0.06 -0.01

1 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.05 -0.07 -0.01 2 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.05 -0.07 -0.01 3 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.07 -0.09 -0.00

92

4 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.06 -0.09 -0.00

AGGREGATE

90 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.03 -0.05 -0.00 91 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.04 -0.07 -0.01 92 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.06 -0.08 -0.01

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

RS RL RRLIP M2 BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.08 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.02 2 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.15 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.04 3 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 -0.23 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.07

90

4 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 -0.00 0.03 -0.20 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.07

1 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 -0.00 -0.03 -0.26 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.07 2 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.13 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.05 3 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.05 -0.16 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.05

91

4 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.06 -0.11 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.05

1 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.11 -0.19 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.06 2 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.06 -0.06 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.06 3 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.11 -0.11 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.08

92

4 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.08 0.02 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.07

AGGREGATE

90 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 -0.00 0.01 -0.16 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.05 91 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.04 -0.16 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.05 92 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.09 -0.08 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.07

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(b) German Economy

Changes in 30 variables of German model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL DM %

1 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.01 0.02 -0.01 0.02 -0.02 0.26 0.02 2 0.04 0.09 0.14 0.04 0.06 -0.02 0.06 -0.04 0.71 0.07 3 0.07 0.16 0.26 0.09 0.12 -0.02 0.12 -0.05 1.30 0.14

90

4 0.11 0.21 0.36 0.14 0.16 0.01 0.16 -0.03 1.61 0.19

1 0.16 0.29 0.48 0.19 0.22 0.04 0.23 -0.01 2.04 0.25 2 0.17 0.31 0.52 0.21 0.23 0.09 0.24 0.04 1.82 0.27 3 0.20 0.35 0.56 0.23 0.23 0.15 0.25 0.09 1.57 0.28

91

4 0.20 0.38 0.57 0.24 0.23 0.21 0.25 0.15 1.22 0.27

1 0.21 0.41 0.58 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.18 1.06 0.26 2 0.20 0.40 0.58 0.23 0.26 0.30 0.28 0.25 0.71 0.24 3 0.19 0.41 0.55 0.22 0.28 0.34 0.30 0.29 0.64 0.23

92

4 0.16 0.37 0.49 0.19 0.29 0.36 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.19

AGGREGATE

90 0.06 0.12 0.21 0.07 0.09 -0.01 0.10 -0.03 0.97 0.11 91 0.18 0.33 0.53 0.22 0.23 0.12 0.24 0.07 1.66 0.27 92 0.19 0.40 0.55 0.22 0.27 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.69 0.23

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Changes in 30 variables of German model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 0.01 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.04 0.12 0.01 2 0.06 0.04 -0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 -0.01 0.09 0.23 0.05 3 0.13 0.09 -0.08 0.07 0.03 0.03 -0.01 0.13 0.32 0.10

90

4 0.21 0.16 -0.14 0.16 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.12 0.26 0.16

1 0.30 0.22 -0.19 0.27 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.13 0.29 0.23 2 0.37 0.24 -0.20 0.35 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.16 0.21 3 0.41 0.26 -0.20 0.44 0.13 0.16 0.14 0.10 0.18 0.20

91

4 0.45 0.24 -0.17 0.51 0.16 0.20 0.18 0.09 0.17 0.17

1 0.47 0.23 -0.14 0.55 0.19 0.24 0.21 0.12 0.26 0.14 2 0.52 0.26 -0.16 0.58 0.22 0.29 0.27 0.11 0.18 0.14 3 0.52 0.25 -0.13 0.59 0.25 0.33 0.29 0.13 0.28 0.13

92

4 0.53 0.24 -0.13 0.59 0.27 0.36 0.34 0.11 0.18 0.11

AGGREGATE

90 0.10 0.07 -0.07 0.07 0.03 0.02 -0.00 0.10 0.23 0.08 91 0.38 0.24 -0.19 0.39 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.20 0.20 92 0.51 0.24 -0.14 0.58 0.23 0.31 0.28 0.12 0.23 0.13

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Changes in 30 variables of German model (cont.)

RS RL RRLPC M3 BPTDOL BPCDOL BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.42 -0.13 -0.13 0.20 -0.26 -0.18 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.19 2 -0.30 -0.19 -0.20 0.40 -0.40 -0.17 -0.01 0.00 0.02 0.39 3 -0.39 -0.25 -0.28 0.60 -0.49 0.05 -0.01 0.02 0.04 0.56

90

4 -0.04 -0.19 -0.24 0.80 -0.15 0.52 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.50

1 -0.52 -0.26 -0.33 1.00 -0.11 1.11 0.01 0.06 0.06 0.55 2 0.16 -0.09 -0.18 1.00 0.24 0.89 0.01 0.06 0.05 0.34 3 -0.49 -0.17 -0.27 1.01 -0.06 0.70 -0.01 0.04 0.04 0.36

91

4 -0.01 -0.09 -0.20 1.00 -0.24 0.53 -0.02 0.03 0.03 0.35

1 -0.51 -0.19 -0.31 1.01 -0.71 0.23 -0.04 0.01 0.02 0.51 2 0.23 -0.03 -0.15 1.00 -0.51 0.32 -0.04 0.02 0.01 0.42 3 -0.51 -0.16 -0.28 0.99 -1.12 0.09 -0.05 0.01 0.01 0.61

92

4 0.31 0.00 -0.12 1.00 -0.60 0.24 -0.04 0.01 0.00 0.46

AGGREGATE

90 -0.29 -0.19 -0.21 0.51 -0.32 0.06 -0.00 0.01 0.03 0.41 91 -0.22 -0.15 -0.25 1.00 -0.04 0.81 -0.00 0.05 0.04 0.40 92 -0.12 -0.09 -0.22 1.00 -0.73 0.22 -0.04 0.01 0.01 0.50

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(c) World Economy

Changes in 8 variables of Trade-Linkage model

TW& PTW& PXIND& PCOMW& XG9& MG9& GDP9 PGDP9

YEAR Q % % % % % % % %

1 -0.01 -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 2 -0.02 -0.08 -0.08 -0.06 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 -0.04 3 -0.02 -0.12 -0.13 -0.10 -0.02 -0.02 0.00 -0.06

90

4 -0.02 -0.12 -0.13 -0.11 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.07

1 -0.01 -0.13 -0.14 -0.13 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 -0.07 2 0.01 -0.09 -0.10 -0.09 0.02 0.01 0.01 -0.04 3 0.02 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 0.03 0.03 0.01 -0.04

91

4 0.04 -0.09 -0.09 -0.04 0.05 0.04 0.01 -0.04

1 0.05 -0.11 -0.13 -0.03 0.05 0.05 0.02 -0.05 2 0.07 -0.12 -0.13 0.01 0.08 0.08 0.02 -0.06 3 0.08 -0.16 -0.17 0.00 0.09 0.08 0.02 -0.08

92

4 0.09 -0.13 -0.14 0.03 0.10 0.10 0.02 -0.06

AGGREGATE

90 -0.02 -0.09 -0.10 -0.07 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.05 91 0.02 -0.10 -0.11 -0.08 0.02 0.02 0.01 -0.05 92 0.07 -0.13 -0.14 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.02 -0.06

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Page 38: Part IV Effects on the Major Two Countries (US and Japan ... · - 121 - Part IV Effects on the Major Two Countries (US and Japan) and World Economy of Fiscal and Monetary Policy by

C. Effects of monetary policy: a sustained decrease in official discount rate by 1% point 1. Effects of a sustained decrease in US official discount rate by 1% point (a) US Economy

Changes in 30 variables of US model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL $ %

1 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.04 2 0.09 0.17 0.24 0.10 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.06 -0.01 0.10 3 0.15 0.35 0.43 0.18 0.11 0.15 0.13 0.13 -0.06 0.19

90

4 0.22 0.56 0.66 0.29 0.16 0.24 0.20 0.21 -0.15 0.28

1 0.26 0.80 0.88 0.36 0.21 0.32 0.26 0.28 -0.14 0.36 2 0.28 0.99 1.01 0.40 0.25 0.35 0.31 0.30 0.01 0.41 3 0.31 1.14 1.10 0.42 0.28 0.34 0.35 0.29 0.22 0.43

91

4 0.34 1.27 1.16 0.44 0.28 0.31 0.37 0.27 0.51 0.45

1 0.36 1.42 1.19 0.45 0.30 0.27 0.39 0.22 0.96 0.47 2 0.40 1.57 1.20 0.47 0.32 0.22 0.43 0.17 1.40 0.50 3 0.43 1.84 1.28 0.51 0.35 0.19 0.48 0.14 1.90 0.55

92

4 0.46 1.99 1.38 0.57 0.37 0.17 0.52 0.14 2.20 0.61

AGGREGATE

90 0.13 0.27 0.36 0.15 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.11 -0.05 0.15 91 0.30 1.06 1.04 0.41 0.26 0.33 0.32 0.29 0.15 0.41 92 0.41 1.71 1.26 0.50 0.34 0.21 0.46 0.17 1.62 0.54

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG SG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 0.03 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.02 0.04 0.01 2 0.09 0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.05 0.12 0.04 3 0.17 0.04 -0.03 0.02 0.00 0.01 -0.01 0.09 0.21 0.08

90

4 0.27 0.08 -0.06 0.03 0.01 0.01 -0.02 0.13 0.28 0.14

1 0.34 0.12 -0.09 0.05 0.01 0.01 -0.02 0.16 0.35 0.17 2 0.39 0.17 -0.12 0.07 0.01 0.02 -0.01 0.19 0.41 0.21 3 0.43 0.21 -0.15 0.10 0.03 0.04 -0.00 0.23 0.46 0.24

91

4 0.47 0.25 -0.18 0.13 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.27 0.51 0.26

1 0.50 0.29 -0.20 0.15 0.06 0.08 0.03 0.31 0.58 0.29 2 0.56 0.31 -0.22 0.19 0.08 0.11 0.05 0.37 0.66 0.31 3 0.63 0.34 -0.24 0.24 0.11 0.14 0.07 0.44 0.76 0.35

92

4 0.71 0.38 -0.26 0.29 0.13 0.17 0.10 0.47 0.84 0.39

AGGREGATE

90 0.14 0.03 -0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 0.07 0.16 0.07 91 0.41 0.19 -0.14 0.09 0.02 0.03 -0.00 0.22 0.43 0.22 92 0.60 0.33 -0.23 0.22 0.10 0.13 0.06 0.40 0.71 0.33

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

RS RL RRLIP M2 BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.64 -0.08 -0.09 0.51 -0.18 2.49 -0.00 0.05 0.00 0.11 2 -0.56 -0.14 -0.17 0.49 -0.56 2.42 -0.01 0.05 0.00 0.27 3 -0.50 -0.17 -0.24 0.52 -1.08 1.16 -0.02 0.02 0.00 0.44

90

4 -0.46 -0.19 -0.28 0.57 -1.59 0.68 -0.02 0.02 -0.00 0.58

1 -0.44 -0.21 -0.31 0.65 -1.78 0.50 -0.03 0.01 -0.00 0.70 2 -0.43 -0.22 -0.33 0.70 -1.93 0.38 -0.03 0.01 0.00 0.78 3 -0.42 -0.25 -0.34 0.75 -1.94 0.43 -0.03 0.01 0.01 0.88

91

4 -0.41 -0.28 -0.34 0.79 -1.91 0.63 -0.03 0.01 0.01 1.01

1 -0.40 -0.32 -0.40 0.80 -1.75 0.97 -0.02 0.02 0.02 1.14 2 -0.39 -0.36 -0.46 0.84 -1.84 1.02 -0.02 0.03 0.03 1.31 3 -0.38 -0.40 -0.52 0.90 -1.98 1.11 -0.02 0.03 0.04 1.54

92

4 -0.36 -0.44 -0.58 0.98 -2.04 1.03 -0.02 0.03 0.05 1.65

AGGREGATE

90 -0.54 -0.15 -0.19 0.52 -0.85 1.68 -0.01 0.03 0.00 0.36 91 -0.43 -0.24 -0.33 0.72 -1.89 0.49 -0.03 0.01 0.00 0.84 92 -0.38 -0.38 -0.49 0.88 -1.90 1.03 -0.02 0.03 0.04 1.41

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(b) Japanese Economy

Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M GDP GDPV

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % % %

1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.00 -0.00 2 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 -0.00 -0.00 3 0.00 0.01 -0.00 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.06 -0.00 -0.00

90

4 0.00 0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.10 -0.01 -0.00

1 0.01 0.02 -0.02 0.00 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.15 -0.01 -0.01 2 0.01 0.04 -0.03 -0.00 0.12 0.13 0.07 0.23 -0.02 -0.02 3 0.01 0.05 -0.05 -0.00 0.11 0.17 0.06 0.29 -0.03 -0.04

91

4 0.01 0.08 -0.06 -0.00 0.07 0.21 0.03 0.36 -0.05 -0.06

1 0.01 0.09 -0.08 -0.01 0.02 0.25 -0.03 0.41 -0.07 -0.08 2 0.01 0.11 -0.11 -0.01 -0.04 0.27 -0.09 0.47 -0.09 -0.10 3 0.01 0.12 -0.14 -0.02 -0.10 0.30 -0.15 0.52 -0.11 -0.13

92

4 0.01 0.12 -0.19 -0.02 -0.16 0.33 -0.21 0.61 -0.14 -0.16

AGGREGATE

90 0.00 0.01 -0.00 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.05 -0.00 -0.00 91 0.01 0.05 -0.04 -0.00 0.10 0.15 0.05 0.26 -0.03 -0.03 92 0.01 0.11 -0.13 -0.01 -0.07 0.29 -0.12 0.50 -0.10 -0.12

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV RS

YEAR Q % % PT % % % % % % % PT % PT

1 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.11 -0.12 -0.00 -0.00 2 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.21 -0.26 -0.01 -0.00 3 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.33 -0.42 -0.01 -0.01

90

4 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.43 -0.61 -0.01 -0.01

1 -0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.00 -0.50 -0.72 -0.02 -0.02 2 -0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.00 -0.56 -0.86 -0.02 -0.03 3 -0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.04 -0.01 -0.65 -1.00 -0.02 -0.04

91

4 -0.01 0.01 -0.03 -0.03 -0.05 -0.01 -0.73 -1.12 -0.02 -0.05

1 -0.01 0.01 -0.04 -0.04 -0.06 -0.01 -0.85 -1.32 -0.03 -0.06 2 -0.02 0.02 -0.05 -0.05 -0.07 -0.02 -0.98 -1.51 -0.04 -0.07 3 -0.03 0.03 -0.07 -0.06 -0.08 -0.02 -1.16 -1.80 -0.05 -0.08

92

4 -0.03 0.03 -0.09 -0.08 -0.10 -0.02 -1.20 -1.93 -0.06 -0.09

AGGREGATE

90 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.27 -0.35 -0.01 -0.01 91 -0.00 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.00 -0.61 -0.92 -0.02 -0.03 92 -0.02 0.02 -0.06 -0.06 -0.08 -0.02 -1.04 -1.63 -0.04 -0.07

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

RL RRLPIF M2 BFR BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % BIL ¥ MIL $ MIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 -2.68 54.22 8.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.14 2 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -9.19 200.44 86.34 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.33 3 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 -15.15 434.65 238.29 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.55

90

4 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -26.74 740.60 470.21 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.77

1 -0.02 -0.00 0.01 -47.81 964.54 647.52 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.93 2 -0.03 0.00 0.00 -91.26 1110.46 763.83 0.00 -0.00 -0.02 -1.08 3 -0.03 -0.00 -0.01 -132.17 1184.91 806.48 -0.00 -0.01 -0.03 -1.25

91

4 -0.04 -0.01 -0.02 -189.03 1226.01 802.84 -0.01 -0.01 -0.04 -1.42

1 -0.05 -0.02 -0.03 -254.80 1393.47 853.45 -0.02 -0.02 -0.06 -1.64 2 -0.06 -0.02 -0.05 -321.31 1442.54 707.35 -0.03 -0.04 -0.08 -1.89 3 -0.07 -0.03 -0.07 -387.70 1637.36 649.92 -0.03 -0.05 -0.09 -2.21

92

4 -0.08 -0.03 -0.09 -479.77 1765.84 549.45 -0.04 -0.06 -0.11 -2.39

AGGREGATE

90 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -13.44 357.48 200.71 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.44 91 -0.03 -0.00 -0.00 -115.07 1121.48 755.17 -0.00 -0.00 -0.03 -1.17 92 -0.07 -0.02 -0.06 -360.89 1559.80 690.04 -0.03 -0.04 -0.08 -2.03

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(c) World Economy

Changes in 8 variables of Trade-Linkage model

TW& PTW& PXIND& PCOMW& XG9& MG9& GDP9 PGDP9

YEAR Q % % % % % % % %

1 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.06 2 0.03 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.13 3 0.06 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.21

90

4 0.09 0.26 0.28 0.37 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.27

1 0.12 0.31 0.33 0.47 0.14 0.13 0.17 0.32 2 0.13 0.33 0.36 0.57 0.15 0.15 0.19 0.36 3 0.13 0.37 0.41 0.62 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.42

91

4 0.13 0.43 0.48 0.65 0.14 0.15 0.21 0.49

1 0.12 0.49 0.55 0.68 0.13 0.13 0.21 0.58 2 0.11 0.58 0.66 0.75 0.11 0.12 0.22 0.69 3 0.11 0.69 0.78 0.83 0.10 0.11 0.24 0.82

92

4 0.11 0.72 0.83 0.89 0.10 0.11 0.26 0.87

AGGREGATE

90 0.05 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.17 91 0.13 0.36 0.39 0.58 0.15 0.14 0.19 0.40 92 0.11 0.62 0.71 0.79 0.11 0.12 0.23 0.74

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2. Effects of a sustained decrease in Japanese official discount rate by 1% point (a) US Economy

Changes in 30 variables of US model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL $ %

1 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.02 0.00 2 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 -0.06 0.00 3 -0.00 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.05 -0.16 -0.00

90

4 -0.00 -0.02 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.08 -0.28 -0.01

1 -0.01 -0.05 0.00 -0.00 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.13 -0.44 -0.01 2 -0.01 -0.08 -0.01 -0.01 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.18 -0.70 -0.02 3 -0.02 -0.10 -0.03 -0.02 0.10 0.09 0.05 0.21 -0.95 -0.04

91

4 -0.02 -0.13 -0.06 -0.03 0.08 0.11 0.03 0.24 -1.21 -0.06

1 -0.03 -0.14 -0.08 -0.04 0.08 0.14 0.02 0.27 -1.46 -0.07 2 -0.03 -0.14 -0.10 -0.05 0.08 0.16 0.03 0.29 -1.61 -0.08 3 -0.04 -0.14 -0.11 -0.05 0.09 0.19 0.03 0.32 -1.80 -0.09

92

4 -0.04 -0.13 -0.11 -0.06 0.09 0.21 0.04 0.33 -1.87 -0.09

AGGREGATE

90 -0.00 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 -0.13 -0.00 91 -0.01 -0.09 -0.02 -0.02 0.09 0.08 0.04 0.19 -0.82 -0.03 92 -0.04 -0.14 -0.10 -0.05 0.08 0.17 0.03 0.30 -1.69 -0.09

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG SG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 0.00 2 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.04 0.00 3 0.01 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 -0.03 -0.09 0.00

90

4 0.01 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 0.01 -0.06 -0.16 0.00

1 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.02 -0.09 -0.23 0.00 2 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.02 -0.11 -0.27 0.00 3 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.02 -0.12 -0.31 -0.00

91

4 -0.04 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 0.02 -0.13 -0.33 -0.01

1 -0.06 -0.02 0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 0.01 -0.14 -0.34 -0.02 2 -0.07 -0.03 0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.03 0.01 -0.15 -0.32 -0.02 3 -0.09 -0.04 0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 0.01 -0.15 -0.31 -0.03

92

4 -0.10 -0.05 0.04 -0.04 -0.03 -0.04 -0.00 -0.14 -0.29 -0.03

AGGREGATE

90 0.01 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 -0.03 -0.08 0.00 91 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.02 -0.11 -0.28 -0.00 92 -0.08 -0.04 0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 0.01 -0.14 -0.32 -0.03

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

RS RL RRLIP M2 BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 -0.21 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.11 2 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.19 -0.46 0.00 -0.01 -0.00 -0.28 3 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.41 -0.70 0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.49

90

4 0.00 -0.00 0.02 0.01 0.65 -0.65 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.71

1 -0.00 -0.00 0.03 0.01 0.84 -0.48 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.89 2 -0.01 -0.00 0.03 0.01 0.96 -0.35 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -1.02 3 -0.02 -0.00 0.03 0.00 0.99 -0.34 0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -1.11

91

4 -0.03 -0.01 0.03 -0.00 0.92 -0.49 0.02 -0.01 -0.03 -1.15

1 -0.04 -0.01 0.03 -0.02 0.78 -0.66 0.01 -0.01 -0.03 -1.18 2 -0.05 -0.01 0.02 -0.03 0.64 -0.81 0.01 -0.01 -0.03 -1.19 3 -0.05 -0.02 0.01 -0.04 0.45 -1.02 0.01 -0.02 -0.04 -1.23

92

4 -0.06 -0.02 -0.00 -0.05 0.21 -1.15 0.00 -0.02 -0.04 -1.19

AGGREGATE

90 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.33 -0.51 0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.40 91 -0.02 -0.00 0.03 0.00 0.93 -0.42 0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -1.04 92 -0.05 -0.01 0.01 -0.03 0.52 -0.91 0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -1.20

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(b) Japanese Economy

Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M GDP GDPV

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % % %

1 0.00 0.07 0.10 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 -0.01 0.03 0.03 2 0.02 0.18 0.28 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.09 -0.02 0.11 0.10 3 0.08 0.30 0.54 0.20 0.15 0.06 0.20 -0.04 0.23 0.22

90

4 0.16 0.41 0.82 0.33 0.27 0.11 0.33 -0.05 0.39 0.36

1 0.27 0.50 1.10 0.47 0.44 0.17 0.52 -0.06 0.55 0.56 2 0.38 0.60 1.41 0.61 0.63 0.24 0.71 -0.14 0.73 0.76 3 0.49 0.67 1.69 0.74 0.81 0.28 0.88 -0.15 0.88 0.95

91

4 0.60 0.75 1.97 0.86 0.95 0.32 1.00 -0.18 1.02 1.15

1 0.69 0.84 2.20 0.97 1.10 0.36 1.14 -0.16 1.15 1.34 2 0.79 0.91 2.42 1.07 1.23 0.44 1.27 -0.15 1.26 1.52 3 0.87 1.01 2.67 1.17 1.32 0.48 1.35 -0.08 1.36 1.71

92

4 0.95 1.16 2.91 1.25 1.42 0.55 1.43 -0.06 1.46 1.91

AGGREGATE

90 0.07 0.24 0.44 0.16 0.13 0.05 0.16 -0.03 0.19 0.18 91 0.43 0.63 1.54 0.67 0.71 0.25 0.78 -0.13 0.80 0.86 92 0.83 0.98 2.54 1.11 1.27 0.46 1.30 -0.11 1.31 1.62

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV RS

YEAR Q % % PT % % % % % % % PT % PT

1 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.31 0.38 0.02 -0.74 2 0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.02 0.69 0.92 0.06 -0.74 3 0.03 -0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 -0.02 1.16 1.60 0.12 -0.73

90

4 0.06 -0.05 0.05 0.03 0.05 -0.02 1.64 2.35 0.19 -0.72

1 0.10 -0.09 0.09 0.06 0.09 0.01 1.97 2.90 0.26 -0.70 2 0.15 -0.14 0.15 0.09 0.13 0.03 2.16 3.37 0.32 -0.68 3 0.21 -0.19 0.23 0.14 0.18 0.07 2.36 3.73 0.34 -0.66

91

4 0.27 -0.25 0.34 0.20 0.24 0.12 2.45 3.85 0.38 -0.64

1 0.33 -0.30 0.47 0.26 0.31 0.20 2.58 4.03 0.41 -0.61 2 0.39 -0.35 0.62 0.33 0.38 0.26 2.65 4.09 0.45 -0.60 3 0.44 -0.38 0.78 0.41 0.47 0.35 2.82 4.28 0.49 -0.58

92

4 0.49 -0.41 0.97 0.50 0.57 0.45 2.75 4.16 0.57 -0.56

AGGREGATE

90 0.02 -0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 -0.02 0.94 1.32 0.10 -0.73 91 0.18 -0.17 0.20 0.12 0.16 0.06 2.23 3.45 0.33 -0.67 92 0.41 -0.36 0.71 0.37 0.43 0.31 2.70 4.14 0.48 -0.59

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

RL RRLPIF M2 BFR BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % BIL ¥ MIL $ MIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.19 -0.20 0.19 20.82 -166.04 -64.52 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.37 2 -0.34 -0.35 0.39 66.65 -517.91 -259.74 -0.00 0.00 0.02 0.92 3 -0.44 -0.48 0.59 131.49 -1026.77 -550.48 -0.00 -0.00 0.04 1.62

90

4 -0.50 -0.57 0.82 219.81 -1639.74 -921.26 -0.01 -0.01 0.06 2.37

1 -0.55 -0.66 1.08 329.42 -2072.00 -1144.38 -0.00 0.01 0.08 2.96 2 -0.54 -0.69 1.37 482.82 -2194.99 -1094.42 0.01 0.03 0.11 3.40 3 -0.53 -0.72 1.64 598.29 -2231.88 -970.07 0.02 0.04 0.14 3.73

91

4 -0.51 -0.73 1.93 700.12 -2108.74 -633.28 0.03 0.06 0.16 3.91

1 -0.50 -0.75 2.16 785.76 -2038.69 -327.06 0.04 0.07 0.18 4.06 2 -0.49 -0.76 2.38 852.36 -1722.52 203.75 0.05 0.09 0.19 4.14 3 -0.47 -0.76 2.60 878.93 -1616.68 580.97 0.05 0.09 0.19 4.31

92

4 -0.46 -0.78 2.76 922.76 -1223.78 1122.33 0.05 0.11 0.20 4.19

AGGREGATE

90 -0.37 -0.40 0.50 109.69 -837.61 -448.99 -0.00 -0.00 0.03 1.29 91 -0.53 -0.70 1.51 527.66 -2151.90 -960.54 0.01 0.03 0.12 3.50 92 -0.48 -0.76 2.48 859.95 -1650.42 395.00 0.04 0.09 0.19 4.17

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(c) World Economy

Changes in 8 variables of Trade-Linkage model

TW& PTW& PXIND& PCOMW& XG9& MG9& GDP9 PGDP9

YEAR Q % % % % % % % %

1 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 -0.07 2 0.02 -0.03 -0.05 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 -0.18 3 0.04 -0.06 -0.10 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.04 -0.32

90

4 0.07 -0.10 -0.16 0.02 0.08 0.05 0.07 -0.48

1 0.10 -0.15 -0.23 0.02 0.13 0.07 0.09 -0.59 2 0.13 -0.17 -0.27 0.02 0.16 0.10 0.12 -0.68 3 0.15 -0.19 -0.30 0.02 0.19 0.12 0.14 -0.74

91

4 0.16 -0.20 -0.31 0.01 0.21 0.13 0.16 -0.76

1 0.17 -0.21 -0.33 0.00 0.23 0.15 0.17 -0.77 2 0.18 -0.19 -0.31 0.02 0.26 0.17 0.18 -0.76 3 0.19 -0.19 -0.30 0.05 0.27 0.19 0.20 -0.77

92

4 0.21 -0.18 -0.29 0.08 0.29 0.21 0.21 -0.73

AGGREGATE

90 0.03 -0.05 -0.08 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.03 -0.27 91 0.13 -0.18 -0.28 0.01 0.17 0.10 0.13 -0.69 92 0.19 -0.19 -0.31 0.04 0.26 0.18 0.19 -0.76

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Part V

Effects of Exchange Rate Changes

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A. Effects of a depreciation of the US dollar against the other currencies by 10% on the US, Japan, Germany, and World Economy 1. US Economy

Changes in 30 variables of US model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL $ %

1 -0.02 0.04 0.06 -0.07 0.75 -0.30 1.25 -0.56 9.39 0.12 2 0.04 0.34 0.41 0.05 1.41 -0.65 2.13 -1.17 17.58 0.40 3 0.19 1.05 1.06 0.32 1.99 -0.90 2.80 -1.60 23.36 0.80

90

4 0.35 2.16 1.96 0.69 2.41 -1.10 3.27 -1.77 26.87 1.25

1 0.47 3.25 2.85 1.01 2.77 -1.30 3.67 -1.99 29.80 1.63 2 0.58 3.65 3.41 1.20 2.96 -1.64 3.86 -2.29 33.68 1.90 3 0.70 3.55 3.64 1.28 2.93 -2.15 3.82 -2.64 36.01 2.02

91

4 0.81 3.27 3.54 1.27 2.59 -2.80 3.49 -3.09 37.63 2.05

1 0.89 2.99 3.07 1.15 2.23 -3.72 3.12 -3.88 40.58 1.98 2 0.96 2.82 2.43 1.03 1.86 -4.49 2.75 -4.53 43.23 1.91 3 1.03 2.84 2.03 0.98 1.63 -4.80 2.49 -4.75 43.97 1.87

92

4 1.04 2.54 1.76 0.95 1.41 -4.75 2.33 -4.63 43.01 1.81

AGGREGATE

90 0.14 0.84 0.87 0.25 1.65 -0.74 2.37 -1.27 19.30 0.64 91 0.64 3.43 3.36 1.19 2.81 -1.99 3.71 -2.51 34.28 1.90 92 0.98 2.79 2.31 1.03 1.78 -4.45 2.67 -4.46 42.70 1.89

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG SG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 -0.13 -0.01 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.06 -0.25 1.73 3.55 -0.04 2 0.07 0.02 -0.02 0.04 0.11 0.19 -0.33 2.31 5.64 -0.00 3 0.54 0.12 -0.10 0.13 0.19 0.29 -0.26 2.61 5.89 0.12

90

4 1.10 0.29 -0.23 0.24 0.27 0.38 -0.15 2.76 6.01 0.31

1 1.58 0.51 -0.39 0.36 0.34 0.46 -0.05 2.88 6.12 0.44 2 1.90 0.73 -0.55 0.51 0.39 0.53 0.00 2.89 6.16 0.60 3 2.13 0.94 -0.69 0.69 0.46 0.64 0.10 2.97 6.12 0.72

91

4 2.28 1.12 -0.81 0.86 0.54 0.75 0.23 3.07 5.98 0.79

1 2.33 1.25 -0.88 1.01 0.64 0.86 0.34 3.10 5.86 0.80 2 2.39 1.33 -0.92 1.19 0.74 1.00 0.48 3.15 5.74 0.80 3 2.52 1.38 -0.94 1.40 0.86 1.14 0.63 3.23 5.59 0.80

92

4 2.61 1.39 -0.94 1.61 0.98 1.28 0.78 3.13 5.46 0.78

AGGREGATE

90 0.40 0.11 -0.08 0.10 0.15 0.23 -0.25 2.35 5.28 0.10 91 1.97 0.83 -0.61 0.61 0.43 0.60 0.07 2.95 6.09 0.64 92 2.46 1.34 -0.92 1.30 0.81 1.07 0.56 3.15 5.66 0.79

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

RS RL RRLIP M2 BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.01 0.01 -0.45 -0.08 -7.17 -4.30 -0.13 -0.08 0.19 10.00 2 0.16 0.04 -0.71 -0.14 -10.54 -9.32 -0.19 -0.17 0.36 10.00 3 0.45 0.10 -0.74 -0.07 -7.55 -7.40 -0.12 -0.12 0.48 10.00

90

4 0.82 0.19 -0.69 0.12 -4.01 -4.00 -0.05 -0.05 0.55 10.00

1 1.16 0.29 -0.54 0.37 0.16 -1.30 0.03 -0.03 0.61 10.00 2 1.39 0.40 -0.30 0.61 2.68 0.30 0.07 0.01 0.69 10.00 3 1.54 0.49 -0.06 0.80 5.36 1.30 0.12 0.04 0.73 10.00

91

4 1.63 0.58 0.33 0.95 8.93 2.73 0.19 0.06 0.76 10.00

1 1.69 0.67 0.37 0.98 13.46 5.14 0.26 0.10 0.81 10.00 2 1.77 0.76 0.52 1.02 16.55 6.10 0.32 0.14 0.87 10.00 3 1.85 0.87 0.62 1.05 18.45 6.06 0.35 0.14 0.88 10.00

92

4 1.84 0.99 0.73 1.10 18.33 4.11 0.34 0.11 0.85 10.00

AGGREGATE

90 0.36 0.08 -0.65 -0.04 -7.32 -6.26 -0.12 -0.11 0.40 10.00 91 1.43 0.44 -0.14 0.68 4.28 0.76 0.10 0.02 0.70 10.00 92 1.81 0.82 0.56 1.04 16.70 5.35 0.32 0.12 0.85 10.00

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2. Japanese Economy

Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M GDP GDPV

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % % %

1 0.01 0.14 -0.02 -0.00 0.08 0.20 -0.35 0.37 -0.11 -0.11 2 0.04 0.19 -0.24 -0.04 -0.10 0.33 -0.61 0.86 -0.26 -0.11 3 0.06 0.18 -0.52 -0.10 -0.23 0.44 -0.68 1.24 -0.38 -0.23

90

4 0.06 0.15 -0.78 -0.16 -0.36 0.57 -0.72 1.59 -0.50 -0.33

1 0.03 0.30 -0.89 -0.18 -0.38 0.70 -0.71 1.89 -0.54 -0.51 2 0.03 0.54 -0.88 -0.14 -0.50 0.90 -0.75 2.42 -0.57 -0.58 3 0.02 0.68 -0.82 -0.11 -0.74 1.01 -0.90 2.51 -0.59 -0.66

91

4 0.02 0.69 -0.80 -0.10 -1.12 1.07 -1.17 2.67 -0.63 -0.76

1 0.02 0.62 -0.85 -0.12 -1.63 1.06 -1.65 2.55 -0.70 -0.87 2 0.03 0.49 -0.99 -0.16 -2.23 0.85 -2.20 2.45 -0.80 -1.00 3 0.03 0.34 -1.18 -0.22 -2.64 0.70 -2.59 2.19 -0.89 -1.14

92

4 0.01 0.19 -1.39 -0.28 -2.96 0.57 -2.89 2.16 -1.00 -1.32

AGGREGATE

90 0.04 0.17 -0.40 -0.08 -0.16 0.38 -0.59 1.01 -0.31 -0.19 91 0.03 0.54 -0.85 -0.13 -0.69 0.92 -0.89 2.37 -0.58 -0.63 92 0.02 0.41 -1.10 -0.19 -2.37 0.80 -2.33 2.34 -0.85 -1.08

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV RS

YEAR Q % % PT % % % % % % % PT % PT

1 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.05 0.00 -6.51 -7.02 -0.30 -0.09 2 -0.03 0.03 -0.03 -0.06 -0.15 0.15 -4.30 -6.52 -0.27 -0.14 3 -0.05 0.05 -0.07 -0.12 -0.22 0.15 -3.24 -6.11 -0.23 -0.21

90

4 -0.09 0.09 -0.14 -0.18 -0.28 0.17 -2.89 -6.24 -0.10 -0.30

1 -0.12 0.13 -0.22 -0.24 -0.33 0.03 -3.02 -5.84 -0.16 -0.38 2 -0.16 0.16 -0.32 -0.31 -0.39 -0.01 -2.98 -5.92 -0.19 -0.45 3 -0.19 0.19 -0.42 -0.38 -0.45 -0.07 -3.09 -5.92 -0.19 -0.49

91

4 -0.21 0.21 -0.54 -0.43 -0.51 -0.12 -3.15 -5.87 -0.21 -0.50

1 -0.23 0.22 -0.66 -0.48 -0.57 -0.17 -3.12 -6.07 -0.23 -0.50 2 -0.26 0.23 -0.78 -0.54 -0.63 -0.20 -3.18 -6.12 -0.27 -0.48 3 -0.28 0.24 -0.90 -0.61 -0.70 -0.26 -3.26 -6.30 -0.31 -0.48

92

4 -0.31 0.26 -1.05 -0.68 -0.78 -0.32 -3.26 -6.32 -0.38 -0.49

AGGREGATE

90 -0.04 0.04 -0.06 -0.09 -0.18 0.12 -4.26 -6.47 -0.23 -0.19 91 -0.17 0.17 -0.38 -0.34 -0.42 -0.04 -3.06 -5.89 -0.19 -0.45 92 -0.27 0.24 -0.85 -0.58 -0.67 -0.24 -3.20 -6.20 -0.30 -0.49

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

RL RRLPIF M2 BFR BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % BIL ¥ MIL $ MIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.33 -0.28 -0.04 -408.52 2503.74 1088.72 -0.11 -0.12 -0.11 -9.09 2 -0.24 -0.09 0.02 -859.19 6798.49 6826.65 0.03 0.11 -0.22 -9.09 3 -0.17 0.09 -0.06 -1110.65 9013.16 8977.62 0.08 0.18 -0.28 -9.09

90

4 -0.16 0.16 -0.15 -1342.52 10140.45 10512.31 0.10 0.21 -0.33 -9.09

1 -0.23 0.08 -0.30 -1487.44 8968.18 10330.46 0.03 0.14 -0.36 -9.09 2 -0.30 -0.05 -0.35 -1787.16 8430.43 11372.67 -0.02 0.11 -0.43 -9.09 3 -0.34 -0.16 -0.39 -1974.92 7448.07 10095.37 -0.07 0.07 -0.47 -9.09

91

4 -0.39 -0.22 -0.43 -2231.52 6513.15 9059.30 -0.12 0.01 -0.53 -9.09

1 -0.44 -0.25 -0.51 -2458.36 6240.19 8761.28 -0.14 -0.02 -0.58 -9.09 2 -0.44 -0.22 -0.62 -2713.21 4481.16 6750.38 -0.18 -0.09 -0.64 -9.09 3 -0.42 -0.18 -0.76 -2843.22 3733.33 5614.15 -0.19 -0.11 -0.67 -9.09

92

4 -0.42 -0.15 -0.93 -3018.95 3337.04 5020.72 -0.21 -0.15 -0.71 -9.09

AGGREGATE

90 -0.23 -0.03 -0.06 -930.22 7113.96 6851.32 0.02 0.10 -0.24 -9.09 91 -0.32 -0.09 -0.37 -1870.26 7839.95 10214.45 -0.05 0.08 -0.45 -9.09 92 -0.43 -0.20 -0.70 -2758.44 4447.93 6536.63 -0.18 -0.09 -0.65 -9.09

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3. German Economy

Changes in 30 variables of German model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % % %

1 0.06 0.01 0.41 0.10 -0.63 0.17 -0.61 0.31 -6.50 -0.17 2 0.07 0.01 0.27 0.08 -1.07 0.29 -1.08 0.52 -11.28 -0.38 3 0.03 -0.00 0.08 0.02 -1.33 0.34 -1.34 0.63 -14.88 -0.57

90

4 -0.03 -0.04 -0.05 -0.06 -1.55 0.33 -1.52 0.69 -17.46 -0.73

1 -0.10 -0.07 -0.27 -0.15 -1.93 0.25 -1.81 0.68 -20.28 -0.92 2 -0.15 -0.11 -0.37 -0.21 -2.07 0.14 -1.85 0.62 -21.05 -0.99 3 -0.20 -0.16 -0.45 -0.26 -2.32 -0.00 -2.06 0.52 -22.36 -1.09

91

4 -0.24 -0.22 -0.54 -0.30 -2.61 -0.19 -2.27 0.35 -23.28 -1.16

1 -0.27 -0.26 -0.55 -0.32 -2.90 -0.38 -2.47 0.14 -24.22 -1.20 2 -0.27 -0.30 -0.67 -0.34 -3.28 -0.60 -2.78 -0.13 -24.92 -1.25 3 -0.25 -0.31 -0.65 -0.33 -3.50 -0.81 -2.92 -0.38 -24.14 -1.21

92

4 -0.21 -0.31 -0.56 -0.28 -3.58 -0.96 -2.91 -0.57 -22.08 -1.09

AGGREGATE

90 0.03 -0.00 0.17 0.03 -1.15 0.28 -1.15 0.54 -12.53 -0.47 91 -0.17 -0.14 -0.41 -0.23 -2.24 0.05 -2.00 0.54 -21.74 -1.04 92 -0.25 -0.30 -0.61 -0.32 -3.31 -0.69 -2.77 -0.24 -23.84 -1.19

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Changes in 30 variables of German model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 0.07 0.15 -0.14 0.06 -0.08 -0.04 0.24 -0.39 -1.80 0.09 2 -0.18 -0.12 0.12 -0.04 -0.15 -0.09 0.19 -0.45 -1.90 -0.16 3 -0.42 -0.38 0.35 -0.29 -0.23 -0.17 0.15 -0.38 -1.94 -0.37

90

4 -0.66 -0.52 0.48 -0.60 -0.34 -0.28 0.07 -0.33 -1.89 -0.49

1 -1.01 -0.73 0.65 -1.00 -0.47 -0.44 -0.09 -0.30 -1.81 -0.71 2 -1.22 -0.74 0.62 -1.28 -0.60 -0.61 -0.23 -0.32 -1.85 -0.60 3 -1.47 -0.84 0.67 -1.65 -0.73 -0.79 -0.39 -0.25 -1.83 -0.64

91

4 -1.71 -0.86 0.63 -1.95 -0.87 -0.98 -0.55 -0.25 -1.88 -0.59

1 -1.88 -0.87 0.59 -2.18 -1.00 -1.15 -0.69 -0.23 -1.94 -0.54 2 -2.18 -1.05 0.70 -2.44 -1.15 -1.41 -0.94 -0.31 -2.00 -0.62 3 -2.34 -1.13 0.74 -2.60 -1.32 -1.62 -1.15 -0.29 -2.00 -0.66

92

4 -2.43 -1.09 0.65 -2.75 -1.48 -1.83 -1.36 -0.40 -2.11 -0.56

AGGREGATE

90 -0.31 -0.22 0.20 -0.22 -0.20 -0.15 0.16 -0.39 -1.89 -0.23 91 -1.36 -0.79 0.64 -1.47 -0.67 -0.71 -0.32 -0.28 -1.84 -0.64 92 -2.21 -1.03 0.67 -2.50 -1.24 -1.50 -1.04 -0.31 -2.01 -0.59

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Changes in 30 variables of German model (cont.)

RS RL RRLPC M3 BPTDOL BPCDOL BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.02 -0.05 0.03 0.03 9.52 6.76 0.06 0.01 -0.25 -9.09 2 -0.05 -0.09 0.06 -0.01 7.76 3.22 -0.06 -0.17 -0.43 -9.09 3 -0.08 -0.15 0.09 -0.12 7.15 -0.54 -0.10 -0.26 -0.55 -9.09

90

4 -0.14 -0.24 0.12 -0.24 5.81 -3.71 -0.13 -0.34 -0.63 -9.09

1 -0.20 -0.35 0.05 -0.35 4.06 -12.93 -0.22 -0.49 -0.72 -9.09 2 -0.26 -0.44 0.03 -0.42 3.57 -5.25 -0.22 -0.44 -0.74 -9.09 3 -0.32 -0.51 0.01 -0.51 4.00 -7.06 -0.24 -0.48 -0.78 -9.09

91

4 -0.37 -0.58 -0.03 -0.61 4.95 -6.89 -0.26 -0.51 -0.80 9.09

1 -0.39 -0.60 -0.05 -0.72 4.40 -7.88 -0.28 -0.51 -0.83 -9.09 2 -0.42 -0.72 -0.14 -0.80 3.85 -8.76 -0.33 -0.55 -0.86 -9.09 3 -0.45 -0.76 -0.15 -0.86 4.20 -10.37 -0.32 -0.53 -0.83 -9.09

92

4 -0.47 -0.75 -0.12 -1.02 3.37 -9.10 -0.30 -0.48 -0.77 -9.09

AGGREGATE

90 -0.07 -0.13 0.07 -0.09 7.56 1.43 -0.06 -0.19 -0.47 -9.09 91 -0.29 -0.47 0.02 -0.47 4.14 -8.03 -0.23 -0.48 -0.76 -9.09 92 -0.43 -0.71 -0.11 -0.85 3.95 -9.03 -0.31 -0.52 -0.82 -9.09

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4. World Economy

Changes in 8 variables of Trade-Linkage model

TW& PTW& PXIND& PCOMW& XG9& MG9& GDP9 PGDP9

YEAR Q % % % % % % % %

1 0.13 5.57 6.10 2.11 0.07 0.25 0.02 5.56 2 0.20 5.73 6.28 3.38 0.14 0.25 0.10 5.53 3 0.35 5.85 6.40 4.49 0.25 0.26 0.26 5.62

90

4 0.40 5.88 6.49 5.65 0.30 0.26 0.42 5.65

1 0.47 5.99 6.44 6.53 0.39 0.23 0.57 5.56 2 0.44 5.94 6.37 7.17 0.37 0.14 0.66 5.45 3 0.27 5.91 6.36 6.96 0.17 -0.06 0.69 5.41

91

4 0.01 5.83 6.31 6.45 -0.14 -0.37 0.65 5.43

1 -0.30 5.77 6.31 5.82 -0.52 -0.72 0.57 5.43 2 -0.68 5.67 6.28 5.15 -0.97 -1.16 0.49 5.45 3 -0.86 5.65 6.28 4.66 -1.22 -1.38 0.44 5.48

92

4 -0.96 5.42 6.11 4.16 -1.37 -1.51 0.40 5.31

AGGREGATE

90 0.27 5.76 6.32 3.90 0.19 0.26 0.20 5.59 91 0.29 5.92 6.37 6.77 0.19 -0.02 0.64 5.46 92 -0.71 5.63 6.24 4.95 -1.03 -1.19 0.47 5.42

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B. Effects of a depreciation of the yen against the US dollar by 10% on Japan and World Economy 1. Japanese Economy

Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M GDP GDPV

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % % %

1 -0.01 -0.20 0.07 0.02 0.35 -0.36 0.66 -0.66 0.21 0.12 2 -0.06 -0.27 0.44 0.09 0.88 -0.61 1.23 -1.16 0.44 0.28 3 -0.09 -0.24 0.92 0.20 1.41 -0.80 1.68 -1.55 0.66 0.57

90

4 -0.07 -0.17 1.41 0.33 1.86 -1.00 2.04 -1.90 0.90 0.84

1 -0.01 -0.37 1.67 0.40 2.22 -1.22 2.38 -2.22 1.04 1.16 2 0.03 -0.69 1.77 0.40 2.56 -1.53 2.68 -2.78 1.14 1.35 3 0.06 -0.87 1.74 0.38 2.77 -1.74 2.83 -2.94 1.19 1.51

91

4 0.09 -0.88 1.72 0.38 2.90 -1.95 2.93 -3.19 1.23 1.66

1 0.11 -0.77 1.71 0.39 3.06 -2.10 3.10 -3.21 1.26 1.81 2 0.11 -0.58 1.76 0.40 3.22 -1.92 3.26 -3.12 1.29 1.95 3 0.11 -0.37 1.88 0.44 3.26 -1.89 3.31 -2.96 1.32 2.10

92

4 0.13 -0.15 2.03 0.48 3.34 -1.86 3.38 -3.01 1.38 2.31

AGGREGATE

90 -0.06 -0.22 0.72 0.16 1.14 -0.69 1.41 -1.32 0.56 0.46 91 0.04 -0.69 1.73 0.39 2.62 -1.61 2.71 -2.78 1.15 1.42 92 0.11 -0.47 1.84 0.43 3.22 -1.94 3.26 -3.07 1.31 2.04

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV RS

YEAR Q % % PT % % % % % % % PT % PT

1 0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.03 0.08 -0.10 8.19 10.15 0.37 0.10 2 0.04 -0.04 0.05 0.09 0.22 -0.16 6.61 9.91 0.41 0.16 3 0.09 -0.09 0.12 0.17 0.34 -0.09 5.94 9.70 0.43 0.27

90

4 0.16 -0.16 0.22 0.27 0.42 -0.05 5.80 9.75 0.30 0.40

1 0.23 -0.23 0.36 0.38 0.52 0.12 5.96 9.54 0.39 0.53 2 0.30 -0.30 0.53 0.49 0.63 0.21 5.92 9.66 0.43 0.65 3 0.36 -0.36 0.72 0.60 0.73 0.31 6.01 9.71 0.40 0.72

91

4 0.41 -0.40 0.93 0.71 0.83 0.42 6.04 9.58 0.42 0.76

1 0.45 -0.42 1.15 0.80 0.96 0.55 6.12 9.65 0.44 0.78 2 0.47 -0.42 1.36 0.91 1.06 0.65 6.19 9.58 0.48 0.77 3 0.49 -0.41 1.57 1.02 1.18 0.77 6.27 9.65 0.50 0.77

92

4 0.51 -0.40 1.80 1.15 1.32 0.91 6.29 9.62 0.58 0.79

AGGREGATE

90 0.08 -0.08 0.10 0.14 0.27 -0.10 6.65 9.87 0.38 0.23 91 0.33 -0.32 0.64 0.55 0.68 0.27 5.98 9.62 0.41 0.67 92 0.48 -0.41 1.47 0.97 1.13 0.72 6.22 9.62 0.50 0.78

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

RL RRLPIF M2 BFR BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % BIL ¥ MIL $ MIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.48 0.41 0.03 752.79 -3252.41 -2125.21 0.09 0.08 0.20 10.00 2 0.35 0.12 0.09 1390.07 -4614.79 -5093.79 0.02 -0.08 0.35 10.00 3 0.24 -0.15 0.31 1846.09 -4552.14 -4996.02 0.04 -0.09 0.46 10.00

90

4 0.21 -0.30 0.56 2276.95 -3535.18 -4178.69 0.08 -0.05 0.56 10.00

1 0.34 -0.18 0.85 2636.14 -1652.53 -2917.57 0.17 0.05 0.63 10.00 2 0.42 -0.01 1.02 3085.59 -27.55 -2366.88 0.26 0.12 0.73 10.00 3 0.50 0.15 1.15 3359.21 1098.32 -619.93 0.30 0.18 0.79 10.00

91

4 0.57 0.25 1.24 3582.41 2033.72 787.67 0.35 0.25 0.83 10.00

1 0.67 0.31 1.35 3714.30 2618.58 1877.91 0.37 0.29 0.86 10.00 2 0.66 0.27 1.45 3734.83 3127.63 2988.46 0.38 0.34 0.86 10.00 3 0.65 0.22 1.55 3730.25 3578.27 4156.90 0.37 0.35 0.86 10.00

92

4 0.66 0.21 1.70 3803.25 3574.73 4733.29 0.38 0.40 0.88 10.00

AGGREGATE

90 0.32 0.02 0.25 1566.48 -3988.63 -4098.43 0.06 -0.03 0.39 10.00 91 0.46 0.05 1.06 3165.84 362.99 -1279.18 0.27 0.15 0.75 10.00 92 0.66 0.25 1.51 3745.66 3224.80 3439.14 0.38 0.35 0.87 10.00

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2. World Economy

Changes in 8 variables of Trade-Linkage model

TW& PTW& PXIND& PCOMW& XG9& MG9& GDP9 PGDP9

YEAR Q % % % % % % % %

1 0.05 -0.27 -0.40 -0.12 0.07 -0.01 0.03 -1.82 2 0.10 -0.46 -0.68 -0.24 0.15 0.01 0.05 -1.78 3 0.11 -0.57 -0.83 -0.39 0.19 0.02 0.05 -1.82

90

4 0.11 -0.63 -0.91 -0.55 0.23 0.02 0.04 -1.90

1 0.07 -0.64 -0.91 -0.73 0.21 0.00 0.02 -1.90 2 0.01 -0.65 -0.90 -0.92 0.18 -0.03 0.00 -1.92 3 -0.03 -0.66 -0.89 -1.03 0.15 -0.05 -0.02 -1.92

91

4 -0.07 -0.65 -0.87 -1.06 0.13 -0.07 -0.04 -1.91

1 -0.08 -0.65 -0.88 -1.06 0.14 -0.06 -0.04 -1.91 2 -0.05 -0.62 -0.85 -0.98 0.19 0.01 -0.03 -1.89 3 -0.04 -0.60 -0.83 -0.94 0.22 0.03 -0.02 -1.88

92

4 -0.04 -0.60 -0.84 -0.86 0.24 0.05 -0.00 -1.90

AGGREGATE

90 0.09 -0.49 -0.71 -0.33 0.16 0.01 0.04 -1.83 91 -0.01 -0.65 -0.89 -0.94 0.17 -0.04 -0.01 -1.91 92 -0.05 -0.62 -0.85 -0.96 0.20 0.01 -0.02 -1.90

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C. Effects of a depreciation of the Deutschmark against the US dollar by 10% on Germany and World Economy 1. German Economy

Changes in 30 variables of German model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL DM %

1 -0.23 -0.05 -1.07 -0.30 0.88 -0.61 0.91 -0.62 10.57 0.14 2 -0.30 -0.08 -0.60 -0.29 1.89 -1.04 1.99 -0.94 20.68 0.56 3 -0.24 -0.06 -0.18 -0.15 2.59 -1.23 2.77 -1.06 29.30 1.01

90

4 -0.12 -0.00 -0.03 -0.02 3.00 -1.27 3.26 -1.08 34.82 1.33

1 0.00 0.02 0.23 0.13 3.82 -1.18 4.08 -0.98 41.83 1.73 2 0.06 0.04 0.33 0.20 4.01 -0.97 4.23 -0.78 43.51 1.83 3 0.16 0.09 0.45 0.29 4.17 -0.69 4.54 -0.54 44.85 1.97

91

4 0.20 0.13 0.54 0.34 4.28 -0.33 4.68 -0.19 44.20 1.99

1 0.20 0.17 0.45 0.32 4.31 0.06 4.67 0.31 41.51 1.84 2 0.13 0.15 0.46 0.26 4.42 0.42 4.81 0.74 39.18 1.72 3 0.02 0.10 0.18 0.14 4.53 0.73 4.90 1.10 37.06 1.52

92

4 -0.12 0.03 -0.18 -0.02 4.54 0.96 4.89 1.36 34.15 1.26

AGGREGATE

90 -0.22 -0.05 -0.46 -0.19 2.12 -1.05 2.27 -0.93 23.84 0.77 91 0.10 0.07 0.39 0.24 4.08 -0.79 4.39 -0.62 43.60 1.88 92 0.05 0.11 0.23 0.18 4.45 0.54 4.81 0.87 37.97 1.58

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Changes in 30 variables of German model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 -0.40 -0.51 0.47 -0.20 0.26 0.15 -0.54 2.09 5.92 -0.38 2 0.34 0.24 -0.26 0.07 0.47 0.30 -0.21 2.51 5.79 0.33 3 1.08 0.94 -0.91 0.73 0.74 0.54 0.07 2.66 5.75 0.93

90

4 1.74 1.18 -1.10 1.50 1.07 0.87 0.40 2.76 5.68 1.18

1 2.55 1.51 -1.36 2.45 1.43 1.29 0.81 2.72 5.58 1.61 2 3.07 1.48 -1.26 3.11 1.78 1.74 1.21 2.71 5.57 1.33 3 3.64 1.65 -1.33 3.95 2.11 2.19 1.64 2.68 5.50 1.38

91

4 4.10 1.58 -1.17 4.61 2.45 2.65 2.07 2.69 5.51 1.19

1 4.30 1.44 -0.94 5.01 2.75 3.05 2.41 2.66 5.51 0.93 2 4.69 1.57 -0.97 5.35 3.07 3.56 2.93 2.74 5.47 0.90 3 4.86 1.61 -0.94 5.44 3.36 3.95 3.30 2.67 5.36 0.87

92

4 4.95 1.45 -0.74 5.50 3.62 4.29 3.64 2.68 5.28 0.66

AGGREGATE

90 0.71 0.47 -0.45 0.53 0.64 0.47 -0.07 2.50 5.79 0.51 91 3.35 1.55 -1.28 3.53 1.95 1.97 1.44 2.70 5.54 1.38 92 4.70 1.52 -0.90 5.33 3.20 3.72 3.07 2.69 5.41 0.84

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Changes in 30 variables of German model (cont.)

RS RL RRLPC M3 BPTDOL BPCDOL BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.06 0.18 -0.08 -0.19 -11.39 -9.09 -0.27 -0.24 0.42 10.00 2 0.15 0.31 -0.18 -0.14 -5.18 -1.12 0.20 0.31 0.80 10.00 3 0.26 0.46 -0.30 0.17 -1.28 6.43 0.43 0.68 1.07 10.00

90

4 0.43 0.71 -0.39 0.46 1.63 11.61 0.55 0.90 1.24 10.00

1 0.58 0.99 -0.21 0.71 4.94 22.23 0.73 1.26 1.46 10.00 2 0.72 1.19 -0.16 0.83 4.98 15.23 0.70 1.16 1.49 10.00 3 0.85 1.33 -0.09 1.02 4.50 17.28 0.68 1.23 1.53 10.00

91

4 0.93 1.45 0.02 1.20 3.14 17.09 0.62 1.20 1.49 10.00

1 0.94 1.45 0.09 1.38 2.00 16.11 0.51 1.07 1.39 10.00 2 0.95 1.59 0.27 1.51 1.42 16.13 0.47 1.03 1.32 10.00 3 0.95 1.54 0.28 1.66 0.84 17.87 0.41 0.98 1.26 10.00

92

4 0.91 1.41 0.23 2.07 0.53 15.66 0.37 0.92 1.19 10.00

AGGREGATE

90 0.22 0.42 -0.24 0.09 -4.05 1.96 0.23 0.41 0.88 10.00 91 0.77 1.24 -0.11 0.94 4.39 17.96 0.68 1.21 1.49 10.00 92 0.94 1.50 0.22 1.66 1.20 16.44 0.44 1.00 1.29 10.00

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2. World Economy

Changes in 8 variables of Trade-Linkage model

TW& PTW& PXIND& PCOMW& XG9& MG9& GDP9 PGDP9

YEAR Q % % % % % % % %

1 -0.51 -1.74 -1.89 -1.48 -0.39 -0.46 -0.09 -0.85 2 -0.55 -1.79 -1.90 -1.86 -0.43 -0.50 -0.15 -0.87 3 -0.64 -1.87 -1.98 -2.26 -0.48 -0.54 -0.21 -0.90

90

4 -0.74 -1.87 -1.97 -2.82 -0.56 -0.63 -0.27 -0.89

1 -0.80 -1.93 -1.97 -3.17 -0.63 -0.68 -0.32 -0.86 2 -0.74 -1.90 -1.93 -3.31 -0.60 -0.62 -0.34 -0.83 3 -0.66 -1.91 -1.96 -3.19 -0.51 -0.55 -0.35 -0.82

91

4 -0.50 -1.91 -1.98 -2.98 -0.35 -0.41 -0.33 -0.83

1 -0.37 -1.93 -2.02 -2.78 -0.20 -0.27 -0.33 -0.86 2 -0.23 -1.93 -2.03 -2.58 -0.06 -0.11 -0.31 -0.88 3 -0.14 -1.98 -2.09 -2.39 0.05 -0.00 -0.32 -0.93

92

4 -0.06 -1.95 -2.07 -2.23 0.12 0.07 -0.32 -0.91

AGGREGATE

90 -0.61 -1.82 -1.94 -2.10 -0.46 -0.54 -0.18 -0.88 91 -0.67 -1.91 -1.96 -3.16 -0.52 -0.56 -0.33 -0.84 92 -0.20 -1.95 -2.05 -2.50 -0.02 -0.08 -0.32 -0.90

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- 193 -

Part VI

Effects on the Major Three Countries (US, Japan, and Germany)

of a Sustained Oil Price Increase by 20%

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Effects on the Major Three Countries (US, Japan, and Germany) of a Sustained Oil Price Increase by 20% 1. US Economy

Changes in 30 variables of US model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL $ %

1 -0.12 -0.22 -0.09 -0.09 0.29 0.01 0.39 -0.01 2.03 -0.05 2 -0.20 -0.42 -0.31 -0.19 0.01 -0.13 0.16 -0.18 1.83 -0.15 3 -0.24 -0.55 -0.52 -0.27 -0.22 -0.29 -0.05 -0.34 1.71 -0.24

90

4 -0.31 -0.64 -0.71 -0.36 -0.46 -0.41 -0.28 -0.44 1.01 -0.34

1 -0.40 -0.63 -0.92 -0.48 -0.54 -0.58 -0.35 -0.63 1.59 -0.45 2 -0.40 -0.52 -1.05 -0.50 -0.80 -0.69 -0.63 -0.77 0.91 -0.49 3 -0.41 -0.45 -1.05 -0.48 -1.00 -0.71 -0.82 -0.80 0.12 -0.48

91

4 -0.47 -0.53 -1.06 -0.48 -1.02 -0.72 -0.82 -0.79 -0.06 -0.49

1 -0.47 -0.62 -1.10 -0.49 -1.20 -0.78 -1.00 -0.88 -0.55 -0.50 2 -0.41 -0.61 -1.04 -0.43 -1.44 -0.76 -1.24 -0.88 -1.70 -0.46 3 -0.39 -0.67 -1.04 -0.41 -1.78 -1.04 -1.59 -1.12 -2.26 -0.45

92

4 -0.44 -0.83 -1.10 -0.44 -1.81 -1.12 -1.63 -1.18 -2.25 -0.48

AGGREGATE

90 -0.22 -0.45 -0.41 -0.23 -0.10 -0.20 0.05 -0.24 1.64 -0.20 91 -0.42 -0.53 -1.02 -0.48 -0.84 -0.68 -0.66 -0.75 0.64 -0.47 92 -0.43 -0.69 -1.07 -0.44 -1.56 -0.93 -1.37 -1.02 -1.69 -0.48

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG SG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 0.05 -0.00 0.00 0.07 0.28 0.21 0.11 0.52 1.41 -0.04 2 -0.02 -0.02 0.01 0.14 0.36 0.31 0.13 0.77 2.26 -0.08 3 -0.03 -0.06 0.02 0.21 0.45 0.41 0.21 0.89 2.57 -0.14

90

4 0.03 -0.10 0.05 0.31 0.63 0.57 0.37 0.96 2.77 -0.20

1 0.01 -0.15 0.08 0.40 0.69 0.65 0.46 1.00 2.88 -0.26 2 -0.04 -0.21 0.12 0.46 0.65 0.66 0.45 1.00 2.91 -0.31 3 0.06 -0.26 0.16 0.51 0.74 0.74 0.53 1.02 2.89 -0.33

91

4 0.16 -0.29 0.19 0.58 0.89 0.86 0.65 1.06 2.96 -0.35

1 0.16 -0.32 0.20 0.63 0.89 0.88 0.66 1.08 3.05 -0.36 2 0.13 -0.35 0.22 0.64 0.81 0.83 0.60 1.11 3.12 -0.36 3 0.17 -0.36 0.23 0.63 0.84 0.86 0.63 1.13 3.12 -0.38

92

4 0.23 -0.37 0.24 0.65 0.95 0.94 0.71 1.14 3.13 -0.39

AGGREGATE

90 0.01 -0.04 0.02 0.18 0.43 0.37 0.21 0.79 2.26 -0.11 91 0.05 -0.23 0.14 0.49 0.74 0.73 0.52 1.02 2.91 -0.31 92 0.17 -0.35 0.22 0.64 0.87 0.88 0.65 1.12 3.11 -0.37

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

RS RL RRLIP M2 BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.25 0.07 -0.13 -0.16 -4.22 -4.60 -0.08 -0.08 0.04 0.05 2 0.38 0.12 -0.18 -0.29 -7.74 -9.28 -0.14 -0.17 0.04 0.02 3 0.48 0.15 -0.16 -0.39 -9.16 -11.26 -0.16 -0.20 0.03 -0.05

90

4 0.62 0.20 -0.13 -0.49 -10.14 -13.05 -0.18 -0.23 0.02 -0.16

1 0.62 0.19 -0.12 -0.48 -9.23 -12.11 -0.16 -0.22 0.03 -0.19 2 0.48 0.17 -0.08 -0.39 -10.19 -12.64 -0.18 -0.22 0.02 -0.15 3 0.44 0.15 -0.06 -0.33 -10.96 -13.22 -0.19 -0.23 -0.00 -0.08

91

4 0.49 0.15 -0.00 -0.29 -11.51 -13.93 -0.20 -0.24 -0.00 0.01

1 0.48 0.15 -0.02 -0.22 -12.22 -14.97 -0.20 -0.25 -0.01 0.11 2 0.37 0.12 -0.01 -0.14 -14.30 -17.02 -0.24 -0.28 -0.04 0.20 3 0.32 0.11 -0.02 -0.09 -14.71 -17.71 -0.24 -0.29 -0.05 0.25

92

4 0.36 0.14 0.05 -0.08 -14.63 -18.14 -0.23 -0.29 -0.05 0.22

AGGREGATE

90 0.43 0.14 -0.15 -0.33 -7.82 -9.55 -0.14 -0.17 0.03 -0.04 91 0.51 0.17 -0.06 -0.37 -10.47 -12.98 -0.18 -0.23 0.01 -0.10 92 0.38 0.13 -0.00 -0.13 -13.96 -16.96 -0.23 -0.28 -0.04 0.19

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Effects on the Major Three Countries (US, Japan, and Germany) of a Sustained Oil Price Increase by 20% 2. Japanese Economy

Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M GDP GDPV

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % % %

1 -0.00 -0.08 0.03 0.01 0.46 -0.17 0.39 -0.28 0.10 -0.25 2 -0.03 -0.12 0.10 0.02 0.53 -0.19 0.45 -0.18 0.11 -0.18 3 -0.06 -0.13 0.15 0.02 0.47 -0.16 0.41 -0.08 0.09 -0.12

90

4 -0.07 -0.13 0.21 0.04 0.25 -0.16 0.22 -0.03 0.07 -0.09

1 -0.07 -0.24 0.19 0.02 0.19 -0.13 0.19 0.07 0.04 -0.03 2 -0.07 -0.42 0.12 -0.02 0.14 -0.20 0.15 -0.00 0.00 0.01 3 -0.07 -0.57 0.01 -0.07 0.08 -0.30 0.10 -0.11 -0.04 -0.01

91

4 -0.09 -0.67 -0.10 -0.12 0.09 -0.41 0.11 -0.21 -0.07 -0.01

1 -0.11 -0.72 -0.20 -0.16 0.07 -0.51 0.10 -0.31 -0.10 0.00 2 -0.14 -0.69 -0.28 -0.19 0.03 -0.59 0.06 -0.37 -0.13 -0.02 3 -0.17 -0.66 -0.35 -0.23 -0.13 -0.62 -0.09 -0.39 -0.19 -0.04

92

4 -0.20 -0.65 -0.43 -0.26 -0.28 -0.67 -0.23 -0.44 -0.23 -0.05

AGGREGATE

90 -0.04 -0.12 0.13 0.02 0.43 -0.17 0.37 -0.14 0.09 -0.16 91 -0.08 -0.47 0.06 -0.05 0.12 -0.26 0.14 -0.06 -0.02 -0.01 92 -0.16 -0.68 -0.31 -0.21 -0.08 -0.60 -0.04 -0.38 -0.16 -0.03

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV RS

YEAR Q % % PT % % % % % % % PT % PT

1 0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 -0.36 -0.07 4.22 0.04 0.00 2 0.01 -0.01 0.02 0.04 0.09 -0.29 0.19 4.32 0.04 0.02 3 0.02 -0.02 0.04 0.07 0.15 -0.21 0.53 4.80 0.08 0.06

90

4 0.02 -0.03 0.07 0.12 0.19 -0.16 0.89 5.15 0.08 0.11

1 0.02 -0.03 0.11 0.16 0.24 -0.07 1.05 5.19 0.08 0.17 2 0.02 -0.03 0.15 0.21 0.28 0.00 1.12 5.13 0.04 0.22 3 0.01 -0.03 0.19 0.25 0.31 0.03 1.13 5.37 0.02 0.25

91

4 0.00 -0.02 0.23 0.28 0.34 0.06 1.11 5.38 -0.00 0.25

1 -0.01 -0.01 0.27 0.31 0.37 0.10 1.12 5.31 -0.02 0.24 2 -0.02 0.01 0.30 0.33 0.39 0.11 1.11 5.43 -0.03 0.21 3 -0.04 0.02 0.32 0.35 0.41 0.15 1.18 5.31 -0.05 0.18

92

4 -0.05 0.04 0.34 0.37 0.42 0.18 1.32 5.53 -0.06 0.15

AGGREGATE

90 0.01 -0.01 0.03 0.06 0.12 -0.25 0.38 4.62 0.06 0.05 91 0.02 -0.03 0.17 0.23 0.29 0.01 1.10 5.26 0.03 0.22 92 -0.03 0.01 0.31 0.34 0.40 0.14 1.18 5.39 -0.04 0.20

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

RL RRLPIF M2 BFR BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % BIL ¥ MIL $ MIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.20 0.18 -0.20 377.16 -7815.37 -8464.46 -0.29 -0.31 0.10 -0.29 2 0.15 0.05 -0.17 355.31 -7216.34 -8339.74 -0.26 -0.30 0.09 -0.31 3 0.10 -0.06 -0.14 271.89 -7927.38 -9396.29 -0.27 -0.31 0.07 -0.16

90

4 0.08 -0.14 -0.14 142.65 -9240.34 -10927.11 -0.28 -0.34 0.04 0.15

1 0.11 -0.12 -0.14 67.25 -9032.51 -10760.52 -0.27 -0.32 0.02 0.34 2 0.13 -0.05 -0.15 84.57 -7645.29 -9389.84 -0.22 -0.27 0.02 0.47 3 0.16 0.03 -0.20 123.67 -8307.60 -10204.67 -0.23 -0.29 0.03 0.52

91

4 0.19 0.10 -0.25 185.76 -7956.71 -10086.57 -0.21 -0.28 0.04 0.52

1 0.21 0.13 -0.28 235.67 -7427.73 -9655.87 -0.19 -0.26 0.06 0.47 2 0.20 0.13 -0.31 244.81 -7806.09 -10157.35 -0.20 -0.27 0.06 0.43 3 0.17 0.11 -0.34 162.21 -8150.29 -10546.99 -0.20 -0.26 0.04 0.51

92

4 0.17 0.11 -0.35 104.58 -7899.47 -10289.59 -0.19 -0.26 0.03 0.67

AGGREGATE

90 0.13 0.01 -0.16 286.76 -8049.86 -9281.90 -0.27 -0.32 0.07 -0.16 91 0.15 -0.01 -0.19 115.31 -8235.53 -10110.40 -0.23 -0.29 0.03 0.46 92 0.19 0.12 -0.32 186.82 -7820.90 -10162.45 -0.19 -0.26 0.05 0.52

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Effects on the Major Three Countries (US, Japan, and Germany) of a Sustained Oil Price Increase by 20% 3. German Economy

Changes in 30 variables of German model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL DM %

1 -0.04 -0.01 -0.20 -0.05 0.23 -0.09 0.25 -0.04 2.10 0.04 2 -0.07 -0.02 -0.16 -0.07 -0.05 -0.21 0.05 -0.09 0.95 -0.03 3 -0.11 -0.04 -0.15 -0.10 -0.26 -0.32 -0.09 -0.15 0.29 -0.08

90

4 -0.15 -0.06 -0.22 -0.13 -0.55 -0.44 -0.32 -0.23 -1.17 -0.17

1 -0.20 -0.10 -0.33 -0.18 -0.74 -0.56 -0.51 -0.31 -2.12 -0.26 2 -0.25 -0.16 -0.45 -0.24 -0.88 -0.66 -0.66 -0.41 -2.93 -0.34 3 -0.31 -0.23 -0.58 -0.30 -1.04 -0.78 -0.85 -0.53 -3.76 -0.42

91

4 -0.36 -0.32 -0.72 -0.35 -1.06 -0.91 -0.89 -0.66 -3.36 -0.46

1 -0.40 -0.40 -0.85 -0.40 -1.11 -0.98 -0.96 -0.75 -3.34 -0.50 2 -0.43 -0.48 -0.98 -0.45 -1.16 -1.11 -1.03 -0.89 -2.90 -0.53 3 -0.45 -0.55 -1.04 -0.47 -1.27 -1.24 -1.14 -1.03 -2.88 -0.54

92

4 -0.47 -0.60 -1.09 -0.48 -1.34 -1.35 -1.21 -1.16 -2.28 -0.54

AGGREGATE

90 -0.09 -0.03 -0.18 -0.09 -0.17 -0.27 -0.04 -0.13 0.54 -0.06 91 -0.28 -0.20 -0.52 -0.27 -0.94 -0.73 -0.73 -0.48 -3.04 -0.37 92 -0.44 -0.51 -0.99 -0.45 -1.22 -1.17 -1.08 -0.95 -2.85 -0.53

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Changes in 30 variables of German model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 -0.07 -0.09 0.09 -0.04 0.04 0.02 -0.11 0.25 0.94 -0.07 2 -0.10 -0.07 0.05 -0.05 0.08 0.05 -0.07 0.43 1.11 -0.06 3 -0.10 -0.04 0.02 -0.03 0.13 0.09 -0.02 0.55 1.24 -0.04

90

4 -0.14 -0.10 0.07 -0.02 0.19 0.13 0.03 0.61 1.24 -0.09

1 -0.17 -0.19 0.14 -0.04 0.24 0.17 0.08 0.61 1.17 -0.16 2 -0.22 -0.25 0.18 -0.08 0.27 0.20 0.11 0.59 1.14 -0.18 3 -0.28 -0.36 0.27 -0.15 0.29 0.21 0.14 0.58 1.08 -0.25

91

4 -0.32 -0.42 0.30 -0.24 0.30 0.21 0.14 0.59 1.11 -0.26

1 -0.39 -0.49 0.35 -0.33 0.29 0.19 0.11 0.61 1.16 -0.29 2 -0.47 -0.55 0.38 -0.45 0.26 0.14 0.05 0.63 1.24 -0.32 3 -0.54 -0.57 0.37 -0.53 0.22 0.08 0.00 0.65 1.26 -0.33

92

4 -0.59 -0.59 0.36 -0.60 0.19 0.02 -0.05 0.67 1.29 -0.32

AGGREGATE

90 -0.10 -0.07 0.06 -0.03 0.11 0.07 -0.04 0.46 1.13 -0.07 91 -0.25 -0.30 0.22 -0.13 0.27 0.20 0.12 0.59 1.12 -0.21 92 -0.50 -0.55 0.37 -0.48 0.24 0.11 0.03 0.64 1.24 -0.32

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Changes in 30 variables of German model (cont.)

RS RL RRLPC M3 BPTDOL BPCDOL BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.01 0.03 -0.01 -0.03 -0.68 -0.60 -0.04 -0.04 0.08 0.03 2 0.02 0.05 -0.03 -0.09 -1.28 -1.13 -0.08 -0.07 0.04 0.05 3 0.04 0.08 -0.06 -0.12 -1.88 -1.53 -0.11 -0.09 0.02 0.04

90

4 0.06 0.10 -0.09 -0.18 -2.66 -2.27 -0.16 -0.14 -0.03 0.02

1 0.07 0.11 -0.09 -0.24 -2.83 -2.63 -0.17 -0.17 -0.06 -0.05 2 0.07 0.10 -0.09 -0.31 -2.89 -2.84 -0.18 -0.18 -0.09 -0.12 3 0.05 0.08 -0.08 -0.36 -3.00 -3.13 -0.19 -0.20 -0.11 -0.16

91

4 0.03 0.05 -0.06 -0.38 -2.74 -2.93 -0.16 -0.18 -0.09 -0.17

1 0.00 0.01 -0.04 -0.39 -3.00 -3.20 -0.16 -0.19 -0.09 -0.14 2 -0.04 -0.07 -0.05 -0.37 -3.06 -3.16 -0.15 -0.18 -0.07 -0.09 3 -0.07 -0.12 -0.04 -0.33 -3.50 -3.50 -0.14 -0.18 -0.07 -0.04

92

4 -0.10 -0.14 -0.03 -0.31 -3.14 -2.93 -0.13 -0.17 -0.05 0.02

AGGREGATE

90 0.03 0.06 -0.05 -0.11 -1.62 -1.38 -0.10 -0.09 0.03 0.04 91 0.05 0.09 -0.08 -0.32 -2.87 -2.88 -0.17 -0.18 -0.09 -0.13 92 -0.05 -0.08 -0.04 -0.35 -3.18 -3.20 -0.15 -0.18 -0.07 -0.06

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Part VII

Effects of Self-Restraint of

Export in Japan on the Major Two Countries

(US and Japan)

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Effects of self-restraint of export in Japan on the major two countries (US and Japan) 1. US Economy

Changes in 30 variables of US model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M BFR GDP

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % BIL $ %

1 -0.01 0.00 -0.05 -0.01 -0.30 -0.11 -0.24 -0.10 -0.64 -0.02 2 0.00 0.04 -0.10 -0.03 -0.36 -0.27 -0.28 -0.27 0.10 -0.03 3 0.02 0.14 -0.07 -0.01 -0.42 -0.45 -0.31 -0.42 0.83 0.01

90

4 0.05 0.33 0.01 0.04 -0.49 -0.64 -0.36 -0.55 1.22 0.06

1 0.07 0.53 0.11 0.08 -0.53 -0.81 -0.39 -0.72 1.87 0.12 2 0.10 0.62 0.29 0.14 -0.17 -0.87 -0.09 -0.76 3.74 0.22 3 0.11 0.58 0.44 0.20 -0.17 -0.89 -0.10 -0.75 3.73 0.28

91

4 0.11 0.43 0.46 0.20 -0.20 -0.97 -0.14 -0.78 3.79 0.28

1 0.11 0.22 0.34 0.16 -0.27 -1.14 -0.21 -0.91 4.09 0.25 2 0.11 0.06 0.18 0.12 -0.34 -1.26 -0.30 -1.02 4.52 0.21 3 0.11 -0.00 0.02 0.07 -0.48 -1.30 -0.43 -1.05 4.03 0.16

92

4 0.11 -0.03 -0.12 0.03 -0.49 -1.26 -0.45 -1.02 3.75 0.10

AGGREGATE

90 0.02 0.12 -0.05 -0.00 -0.39 -0.37 -0.30 -0.34 0.38 0.01 91 0.10 0.54 0.32 0.16 -0.27 -0.89 -0.17 -0.75 3.28 0.22 92 0.11 0.06 0.10 0.10 -0.40 -1.24 -0.35 -1.00 4.10 0.18

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

GDPV LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG SG@GDPV

YEAR Q % % % PT % % % % % % % PT

1 -0.07 -0.01 0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.02 -0.04 0.32 0.80 -0.02 2 -0.09 -0.02 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.05 -0.06 0.49 1.39 -0.04 3 -0.04 -0.02 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.08 -0.05 0.62 1.63 -0.04

90

4 0.03 -0.01 0.00 0.03 0.08 0.11 -0.03 0.74 1.90 -0.03

1 0.12 0.01 -0.01 0.06 0.11 0.14 -0.00 0.81 2.04 -0.01 2 0.28 0.05 -0.04 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.06 0.48 1.18 0.04 3 0.36 0.09 -0.07 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.09 0.41 0.79 0.08

91

4 0.36 0.12 -0.09 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.08 0.40 0.78 0.10

1 0.34 0.14 -0.11 0.15 0.11 0.14 0.09 0.37 0.66 0.10 2 0.31 0.16 -0.11 0.16 0.11 0.14 0.10 0.32 0.50 0.09 3 0.27 0.15 -0.11 0.18 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.36 0.57 0.08

92

4 0.23 0.14 -0.09 0.19 0.12 0.16 0.12 0.37 0.59 0.06

AGGREGATE

90 -0.04 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.06 -0.04 0.54 1.43 -0.03 91 0.28 0.07 -0.05 0.10 0.11 0.14 0.06 0.53 1.20 0.05 92 0.28 0.15 -0.10 0.17 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.36 0.58 0.08

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Changes in 30 variables of US model (cont.)

RS RL RRLIP M2 BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % PT % BIL $ BIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.01 -0.00 -0.10 -0.03 -3.47 -3.90 -0.07 -0.07 -0.01 -0.01 2 -0.01 0.00 -0.16 -0.06 -5.15 -5.76 -0.09 -0.11 0.00 -0.02 3 0.03 0.01 -0.18 -0.08 -5.33 -6.22 -0.10 -0.11 0.02 -0.02

90

4 0.08 0.02 -0.21 -0.08 -5.46 -6.85 -0.10 -0.12 0.03 -0.02

1 0.15 0.03 -0.20 -0.05 -4.77 -6.61 -0.08 -0.12 0.04 -0.04 2 0.21 0.05 -0.04 0.02 -0.22 -1.86 0.00 -0.03 0.08 -0.05 3 0.24 0.06 0.03 0.12 1.52 -0.40 0.03 -0.00 0.08 -0.09

91

4 0.23 0.07 0.10 0.18 1.86 -0.25 0.04 -0.00 0.08 -0.15

1 0.19 0.06 0.13 0.21 2.93 0.72 0.05 0.01 0.08 -0.20 2 0.15 0.06 0.16 0.22 4.09 1.75 0.07 0.03 0.09 -0.25 3 0.13 0.06 0.12 0.20 3.72 1.06 0.07 0.02 0.08 -0.29

92

4 0.12 0.07 0.10 0.17 3.33 0.45 0.06 0.01 0.07 -0.32

AGGREGATE

90 0.02 0.01 -0.16 -0.06 -4.85 -5.68 -0.09 -0.10 0.01 -0.02 91 0.21 0.05 -0.03 0.07 -0.40 -2.28 -0.00 -0.04 0.07 -0.08 92 0.15 0.06 0.13 0.20 3.52 0.99 0.06 0.02 0.08 -0.27

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Effects of self-restraint of export in Japan on the major two countries (US and Japan) 2. Japanese Economy

Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model

C IHP IFP A XG MG X M GDP GDPV

YEAR Q % % % % % % % % % %

1 -0.00 -0.00 -0.15 -0.03 -1.00 -0.15 -1.23 -0.14 -0.18 0.39 2 0.00 0.01 -0.35 -0.07 -2.00 -0.37 -2.12 -0.32 -0.32 0.36 3 0.01 0.00 -0.54 -0.12 -3.00 -0.62 -3.02 -0.54 -0.46 0.29

90

4 0.01 -0.01 -0.75 -0.18 -4.00 -0.95 -3.93 -0.81 -0.62 0.25

1 0.01 -0.05 -0.98 -0.27 -5.00 -1.29 -4.82 -1.12 -0.78 0.11 2 -0.02 -0.13 -1.11 -0.34 -5.00 -1.55 -4.51 -1.34 -0.78 -0.42 3 -0.08 -0.26 -1.22 -0.42 -5.00 -1.70 -4.58 -1.48 -0.86 -0.47

91

4 -0.14 -0.41 -1.36 -0.49 -5.00 -1.85 -4.60 -1.64 -0.92 -0.57

1 -0.21 -0.54 -1.46 -0.55 -5.00 -1.98 -4.62 -1.76 -0.97 -0.71 2 -0.27 -0.64 -1.55 -0.60 -5.00 -1.98 -4.65 -1.81 -1.02 -0.84 3 -0.31 -0.71 -1.66 -0.63 -5.00 -2.02 -4.75 -1.89 -1.06 -0.87

92

4 -0.34 -0.78 -1.72 -0.65 -5.00 -2.10 -4.77 -2.00 -1.08 -0.96

AGGREGATE

90 0.01 -0.00 -0.45 -0.10 -2.52 -0.52 -2.59 -0.45 -0.39 0.32 91 -0.06 -0.20 -1.17 -0.38 -5.00 -1.59 -4.63 -1.40 -0.84 -0.34 92 -0.28 -0.67 -1.60 -0.61 -5.00 -2.02 -4.70 -1.86 -1.03 -0.84

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

LE UR W PC PA PGDP PXG PMG BG@GDPV RS

YEAR Q % % PT % % % % % % % PT % PT

1 -0.01 0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.00 0.57 5.33 0.27 0.17 0.00 2 -0.02 0.02 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.68 6.28 0.39 0.19 0.01 3 -0.06 0.05 -0.03 -0.00 0.01 0.75 7.13 0.47 0.10 0.01

90

4 -0.10 0.09 -0.07 -0.01 0.00 0.87 8.25 0.48 -0.04 0.00

1 -0.15 0.14 -0.12 -0.02 -0.01 0.90 8.58 0.51 -0.12 -0.01 2 -0.20 0.18 -0.17 -0.04 -0.03 0.36 3.25 0.25 -0.35 -0.03 3 -0.25 0.22 -0.25 -0.06 -0.07 0.39 3.82 0.22 -0.42 -0.07

91

4 -0.29 0.25 -0.33 -0.10 -0.11 0.35 3.89 0.21 -0.40 -0.11

1 -0.32 0.27 -0.43 -0.14 -0.16 0.26 3.52 0.22 -0.34 -0.15 2 -0.35 0.28 -0.54 -0.19 -0.22 0.19 3.27 0.22 -0.36 -0.20 3 -0.37 0.29 -0.65 -0.25 -0.28 0.20 4.12 0.30 -0.36 -0.25

92

4 -0.39 0.29 -0.78 -0.32 -0.36 0.12 4.05 0.35 -0.38 -0.30

AGGREGATE

90 -0.05 0.05 -0.03 -0.00 0.00 0.72 6.73 0.40 0.11 0.00 91 -0.22 0.20 -0.22 -0.05 -0.05 0.50 4.90 0.30 -0.33 -0.05 92 -0.36 0.28 -0.60 -0.23 -0.25 0.19 3.74 0.27 -0.36 -0.22

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Changes in 30 variables of Japanese model (cont.)

RL RRLPIF M2 BFR BPT BPC BPT@GDPV BPC@GDPV BFR@GDP FXS

YEAR Q % PT % PT % BIL ¥ MIL $ MIL $ % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.02 -0.02 0.31 -586.14 10791.17 11066.16 0.39 0.40 -0.15 0.04 2 -0.03 -0.03 0.27 -977.23 11149.16 11753.91 0.40 0.42 -0.25 0.07 3 -0.02 -0.02 0.18 -1346.01 11828.86 12763.64 0.39 0.42 -0.34 0.06

90

4 -0.01 0.00 0.10 -1751.50 13398.30 14709.33 0.41 0.46 -0.44 0.02

1 -0.02 0.01 -0.05 -2113.75 12188.89 13889.18 0.37 0.42 -0.52 -0.01 2 -0.02 0.05 -0.53 -1808.87 -1906.99 -110.19 -0.05 0.01 -0.44 -0.04 3 -0.03 0.08 -0.62 -1833.19 124.71 2034.34 0.02 0.07 -0.44 -0.03

91

4 -0.05 0.09 -0.72 -1823.45 581.16 2656.05 0.04 0.09 -0.43 0.01

1 -0.10 0.08 -0.83 -1788.97 -666.02 1529.67 0.01 0.07 -0.42 0.08 2 -0.13 0.07 -0.93 -1792.18 -1660.71 481.91 -0.01 0.05 -0.42 0.16 3 -0.17 0.05 -0.94 -1848.06 1019.18 3195.70 0.07 0.12 -0.43 0.23

92

4 -0.21 0.03 -0.99 -1829.03 488.21 2720.11 0.06 0.12 -0.43 0.28

AGGREGATE

90 -0.02 -0.02 0.21 -1165.22 11791.87 12573.26 0.40 0.42 -0.30 0.05 91 -0.03 0.06 -0.48 -1894.82 2746.94 4617.35 0.09 0.15 -0.46 -0.02 92 -0.15 0.06 -0.92 -1814.56 -204.83 1981.85 0.03 0.09 -0.42 0.19

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Annex:

Domestic Effects of

Fiscal and Monetary Policy by

Isolated Country Model

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1. United States (1) Effects of fiscal policy: a sustained increase in real government expenditure by 1% of real GDP

Changes in 10 variables of US model

C IFP X M GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.03 1.40 -0.00 0.75 0.95 -0.02 0.44 0.06 -0.10 0.0 2 0.11 3.03 0.00 1.61 1.54 -0.05 0.85 0.15 -0.22 0.0 3 0.20 3.78 0.00 2.24 1.76 -0.09 1.15 0.26 -0.31 0.0

90

4 0.30 4.13 -0.00 2.54 1.87 -0.10 1.28 0.37 -0.36 0.0

1 0.39 4.40 -0.02 2.72 1.97 -0.09 1.37 0.48 -0.42 0.0 2 0.50 4.11 -0.04 2.67 1.78 -0.04 1.45 0.58 -0.40 0.0 3 0.60 3.59 -0.07 2.47 1.60 0.04 1.56 0.69 -0.38 0.0

91

4 0.67 3.22 -0.10 2.31 1.54 0.14 1.70 0.82 -0.40 0.0

1 0.72 2.96 -0.12 2.32 1.53 0.23 1.85 0.96 -0.42 0.0 2 0.77 2.70 -0.15 2.32 1.51 0.32 2.00 1.12 -0.43 0.0 3 0.80 2.64 -0.18 2.43 1.56 0.42 2.13 1.29 -0.46 0.0

92

4 0.80 2.64 -0.18 2.58 1.59 0.50 2.24 1.46 -0.49 0.0

AGGREGATE

90 0.16 3.08 0.00 1.78 1.53 -0.07 0.93 0.21 -0.25 0.0 91 0.54 3.84 -0.06 2.54 1.72 0.02 1.52 0.64 -0.40 0.0 92 0.77 2.73 -0.16 2.41 1.55 0.37 2.05 1.21 -0.45 0.0

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(2) Effects of monetary policy: a sustained decrease in short-term interest rate by 1% point

Changes in 10 variables of US model

C IFP X M GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.05 0.12 -0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 -0.86 -0.11 0.06 0.0 2 0.13 0.33 0.00 0.12 0.13 0.00 -0.86 -0.20 0.07 0.0 3 0.22 0.58 0.00 0.25 0.24 0.00 -0.86 -0.27 0.05 0.0

90

4 0.33 0.89 -0.00 0.41 0.36 -0.00 -0.86 -0.32 0.04 0.0

1 0.38 1.19 -0.00 0.56 0.45 -0.00 -0.86 -0.36 0.02 0.0 2 0.42 1.36 -0.00 0.67 0.50 -0.00 -0.86 -0.40 0.01 0.0 3 0.46 1.46 -0.01 0.72 0.51 0.00 -0.86 -0.45 0.01 0.0

91

4 0.49 1.51 -0.01 0.74 0.52 0.02 -0.86 -0.51 0.01 0.0

1 0.51 1.52 -0.02 0.76 0.51 0.03 -0.86 -0.58 0.02 0.0 2 0.54 1.51 -0.03 0.77 0.53 0.05 -0.86 -0.66 0.03 0.0 3 0.57 1.57 -0.04 0.82 0.55 0.08 -0.86 -0.74 0.03 0.0

92

4 0.60 1.66 -0.04 0.89 0.59 0.10 -0.86 -0.82 0.03 0.0

AGGREGATE

90 0.18 0.48 0.00 0.20 0.19 0.00 -0.86 -0.22 0.05 0.0 91 0.44 1.38 -0.01 0.67 0.49 0.00 -0.86 -0.43 0.01 0.0 92 0.56 1.57 -0.03 0.81 0.55 0.07 -0.86 -0.70 0.03 0.0

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2. Japan

(1) Effects of fiscal policy: a sustained increase in real government expenditure by 1% of real GDP

Changes in 10 variables of Japanese model

C IFP X M GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.01 1.05 -0.03 0.59 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.12 -0.08 -0.35 2 0.05 1.68 -0.07 1.06 1.22 0.01 0.02 0.13 -0.11 -0.60 3 0.10 1.78 -0.12 1.43 1.25 0.03 0.05 0.13 -0.13 -0.80

90

4 0.18 1.82 -0.19 1.77 1.28 0.06 0.08 0.15 -0.15 -0.97

1 0.27 1.86 -0.27 2.04 1.31 0.10 0.13 0.23 -0.18 -1.16 2 0.33 1.90 -0.37 2.35 1.32 0.15 0.18 0.27 -0.21 -1.30 3 0.38 1.92 -0.46 2.51 1.31 0.21 0.24 0.29 -0.22 -1.38

91

4 0.43 1.95 -0.54 2.75 1.30 0.28 0.30 0.32 -0.24 -1.39

1 0.47 1.92 -0.64 2.92 1.28 0.36 0.36 0.41 -0.27 -1.50 2 0.51 1.90 -0.75 2.96 1.27 0.45 0.41 0.46 -0.28 -1.62 3 0.53 1.91 -0.85 3.05 1.24 0.55 0.47 0.49 -0.29 -1.73

92

4 0.54 1.87 -0.95 3.22 1.20 0.65 0.52 0.51 -0.32 -1.66

AGGREGATE

90 0.09 1.59 -0.10 1.21 1.22 0.03 0.04 0.13 -0.12 -0.67 91 0.35 1.91 -0.41 2.41 1.31 0.18 0.21 0.28 -0.21 -1.31 92 0.51 1.90 -0.80 3.03 1.25 0.50 0.44 0.47 -0.29 -1.63

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(2) Effects of monetary policy: a sustained decrease in short-term interest rate by 1% point

Changes in 10 variables of Japanese model

C IFP X M GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 -0.00 0.13 0.03 -0.01 0.04 0.00 -1.00 -0.26 0.00 0.50 2 0.03 0.38 0.10 -0.04 0.15 0.01 -1.00 -0.46 -0.00 1.23 3 0.11 0.72 0.22 -0.06 0.31 0.02 -1.00 -0.60 -0.01 2.20

90

4 0.22 1.09 0.37 -0.09 0.51 0.04 -1.00 -0.69 -0.02 3.23

1 0.36 1.48 0.58 -0.11 0.73 0.08 -1.00 -0.76 -0.01 4.09 2 0.51 1.90 0.80 -0.25 0.97 0.13 -1.00 -0.76 0.02 4.76 3 0.67 2.30 1.00 -0.28 1.19 0.19 -1.00 -0.76 0.04 5.32

91

4 0.82 2.72 1.18 -0.35 1.40 0.27 -1.00 -0.77 0.06 5.71

1 0.96 3.08 1.39 -0.36 1.59 0.36 -1.00 -0.78 0.08 6.10 2 1.10 3.46 1.58 -0.37 1.78 0.46 -1.00 -0.78 0.12 6.41 3 1.23 3.87 1.73 -0.30 1.95 0.57 -1.00 -0.77 0.13 6.88

92

4 1.36 4.30 1.87 -0.30 2.13 0.70 -1.00 -0.78 0.16 6.89

AGGREGATE

90 0.09 0.59 0.18 -0.05 0.26 0.02 -1.00 -0.50 -0.01 1.75 91 0.59 2.10 0.89 -0.25 1.07 0.17 -1.00 -0.76 0.03 4.97 92 1.17 3.67 1.65 -0.33 1.86 0.52 -1.00 -0.78 0.12 6.56

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3. Germany

(1) Effects of fiscal policy: a sustained increase in real government expenditure by 1% of real GDP

Changes in 10 variables of German model

C IFP X M GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.14 0.18 -0.02 0.23 0.95 -0.00 0.02 0.01 -0.10 -0.12 2 0.34 0.55 -0.04 0.52 1.20 -0.00 0.04 0.03 -0.18 -0.20 3 0.53 1.04 -0.08 0.82 1.28 0.03 0.08 0.14 -0.25 -0.33

90

4 0.67 1.42 -0.13 1.15 1.32 0.10 0.14 0.26 -0.33 -0.45

1 0.77 1.71 -0.22 1.48 1.30 0.22 0.23 0.41 -0.37 -0.51 2 0.77 1.72 -0.25 1.76 1.20 0.36 0.32 0.52 -0.54 -0.43 3 0.76 1.67 -0.25 2.04 1.11 0.49 0.39 0.57 -0.62 -0.23

91

4 0.71 1.57 -0.19 2.27 1.01 0.63 0.41 0.59 -0.67 0.04

1 0.63 1.36 -0.09 2.38 0.91 0.74 0.39 0.58 -0.68 0.37 2 0.54 1.20 0.06 2.50 0.85 0.86 0.36 0.58 -0.68 0.67 3 0.46 0.97 0.26 2.53 0.82 0.95 0.32 0.49 -0.62 1.10

92

4 0.41 0.82 0.46 2.51 0.83 1.02 0.28 0.41 -0.54 1.36

AGGREGATE

90 0.42 0.81 -0.07 0.70 1.19 0.03 0.07 0.11 -0.22 -0.27 91 0.75 1.67 -0.23 1.89 1.15 0.43 0.34 0.52 -0.55 -0.28 92 0.51 1.09 0.17 2.48 0.85 0.90 0.34 0.51 -0.63 0.86

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(2) Effects of monetary policy: a sustained decrease in short-term interest rate by 1% point

Changes in 10 variables of German model

C IFP X M GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.03 0.11 0.08 -0.04 0.06 0.02 -1.00 -0.29 -0.01 0.45 2 0.09 0.35 0.23 -0.10 0.20 0.05 -1.00 -0.52 0.01 1.05 3 0.19 0.68 0.43 -0.14 0.39 0.10 -1.00 -0.67 0.05 1.52

90

4 0.32 1.05 0.61 -0.14 0.60 0.17 -1.00 -0.75 0.10 1.77

1 0.46 1.47 0.87 -0.08 0.83 0.26 -1.00 -0.75 0.23 1.81 2 0.56 1.74 0.93 0.03 0.95 0.37 -1.00 -0.70 0.20 1.65 3 0.68 2.01 1.01 0.19 1.05 0.48 -1.00 -0.66 0.20 1.64

91

4 0.75 2.22 1.06 0.36 1.11 0.62 -1.00 -0.62 0.16 1.75

1 0.79 2.28 1.09 0.53 1.10 0.75 -1.00 -0.62 0.12 1.93 2 0.81 2.46 1.16 0.73 1.10 0.92 -1.00 -0.54 0.08 2.15 3 0.78 2.43 1.30 0.91 1.08 1.09 -1.00 -0.55 0.07 2.58

92

4 0.75 2.43 1.40 1.04 1.04 1.25 -1.00 -0.57 0.09 2.66

AGGREGATE

90 0.16 0.56 0.35 -0.11 0.31 0.08 -1.00 -0.56 0.04 1.18 91 0.61 1.86 0.97 0.13 0.99 0.43 -1.00 -0.68 0.19 1.71 92 0.78 2.40 1.24 0.80 1.08 1.00 -1.00 -0.57 0.09 2.32

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4. France

(1) Effects of fiscal policy: a sustained increase in real government expenditure by 1% of real GDP

Changes in 10 variables of French model

C IP XGS MGS GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.27 0.39 -0.02 1.37 0.86 0.25 0.23 0.15 -0.22 -0.17 2 0.50 0.83 -0.06 1.70 0.99 0.25 0.28 0.18 -0.27 -0.29 3 0.67 1.24 -0.10 1.96 1.08 0.34 0.37 0.24 -0.32 -0.39

90

4 0.78 1.60 -0.15 2.19 1.13 0.52 0.48 0.36 -0.36 -0.54

1 0.84 1.93 -0.23 2.41 1.14 0.80 0.58 0.51 -0.36 -0.77 2 0.90 2.08 -0.31 2.69 1.11 1.05 0.71 0.60 -0.41 -0.93 3 0.94 2.21 -0.40 2.84 1.07 1.31 0.80 0.73 -0.42 -1.14

91

4 0.93 2.24 -0.52 3.06 0.98 1.57 0.85 0.83 -0.44 -1.35

1 0.89 2.14 -0.65 3.14 0.86 1.83 0.87 0.89 -0.44 -1.48 2 0.82 1.95 -0.74 3.29 0.72 2.07 0.89 0.91 -0.47 -1.58 3 0.75 1.70 -0.84 3.25 0.60 2.28 0.89 0.92 -0.45 -1.62

92

4 0.63 1.43 -0.95 3.20 0.47 2.48 0.88 0.91 -0.50 -1.46

AGGREGATE

90 0.56 1.01 -0.08 1.81 1.01 0.34 0.34 0.23 -0.29 -0.34 91 0.90 2.11 -0.37 2.75 1.08 1.19 0.74 0.67 -0.41 -1.05 92 0.77 1.81 -0.79 3.22 0.66 2.17 0.88 0.91 -0.47 -1.53

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(2) Effects of monetary policy: a sustained decrease in short-term interest rate by 1% point

Changes in 10 variables of French model

C IP XGS MGS GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.02 0.01 0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.02 -1.00 -0.17 -0.02 0.20 2 0.06 0.12 0.05 -0.02 0.08 0.04 -1.00 -0.30 -0.04 0.45 3 0.11 0.28 0.08 -0.02 0.15 0.05 -1.00 -0.38 -0.05 0.63

90

4 0.17 0.46 0.11 0.00 0.22 0.06 -1.00 -0.44 -0.05 0.73

1 0.23 0.64 0.14 0.03 0.28 0.08 -1.00 -0.50 -0.06 0.81 2 0.29 0.81 0.17 0.08 0.35 0.12 -1.00 -0.59 -0.07 0.91 3 0.34 1.00 0.18 0.12 0.40 0.16 -1.00 -0.58 -0.07 0.97

91

4 0.38 1.17 0.19 0.18 0.44 0.21 -1.00 -0.56 -0.07 0.97

1 0.42 1.29 0.19 0.24 0.47 0.27 -1.00 -0.55 -0.07 0.95 2 0.45 1.40 0.18 0.31 0.48 0.35 -1.00 -0.53 -0.08 0.94 3 0.47 1.48 0.16 0.37 0.48 0.43 -1.00 -0.51 -0.08 0.93

92

4 0.48 1.53 0.14 0.44 0.47 0.51 -1.00 -0.50 -0.08 0.82

AGGREGATE

90 0.09 0.22 0.06 -0.01 0.12 0.04 -1.00 -0.32 -0.04 0.49 91 0.31 0.90 0.17 0.10 0.37 0.14 -1.00 -0.56 -0.07 0.92 92 0.45 1.43 0.17 0.34 0.47 0.39 -1.00 -0.52 -0.08 0.91

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5. United Kingdom

(1) Effects of fiscal policy: a sustained increase in real government expenditure by 1% of real GDP

Changes in 10 variables of UK model

C IP XGS MGS GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.19 1.27 0.02 1.34 0.98 -0.06 0.15 0.00 -0.35 0.01 2 0.32 2.10 0.04 1.61 1.14 -0.12 0.29 0.06 -0.43 0.01 3 0.41 2.29 0.05 1.70 1.20 -0.16 0.40 0.15 -0.45 -0.01

90

4 0.45 2.28 0.03 1.74 1.21 -0.14 0.46 0.26 -0.47 -0.11

1 0.48 2.22 -0.04 1.82 1.19 -0.08 0.48 0.35 -0.49 -0.29 2 0.51 2.19 -0.15 1.86 1.15 0.01 0.49 0.42 -0.55 -0.50 3 0.55 2.22 -0.29 1.89 1.12 0.10 0.49 0.45 -0.60 -0.76

91

4 0.62 2.19 -0.45 1.93 1.09 0.18 0.49 0.46 -0.64 -1.05

1 0.70 2.16 -0.62 1.96 1.08 0.25 0.50 0.47 -0.68 -1.25 2 0.76 2.09 -0.77 1.97 1.05 0.32 0.50 0.47 -0.71 -1.48 3 0.81 1.99 -0.88 2.03 1.03 0.39 0.50 0.48 -0.76 -1.54

92

4 0.83 1.92 -0.91 2.02 1.02 0.44 0.51 0.47 -0.82 -1.42

AGGREGATE

90 0.34 1.97 0.04 1.59 1.13 -0.12 0.32 0.12 -0.42 -0.02 91 0.54 2.21 -0.24 1.88 1.14 0.06 0.49 0.42 -0.57 -0.66 92 0.78 2.04 -0.80 2.00 1.04 0.35 0.50 0.47 -0.74 -1.42

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(2) Effects of monetary policy: a sustained decrease in short-term interest rate by 1% point

Changes in 10 variables of UK model

C IP XGS MGS GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.06 0.12 0.02 0.06 0.05 -0.00 -1.00 -0.23 0.00 0.06 2 0.18 0.38 0.07 0.18 0.15 -0.01 -1.00 -0.42 0.01 0.25 3 0.33 0.82 0.19 0.35 0.30 -0.02 -1.00 -0.58 0.02 0.58

90

4 0.52 1.45 0.36 0.57 0.50 -0.04 -1.00 -0.72 0.02 1.07

1 0.68 2.08 0.63 0.79 0.71 -0.05 -1.00 -0.83 0.04 1.72 2 0.82 2.72 0.86 0.97 0.91 -0.06 -1.00 -0.88 0.09 2.19 3 0.96 3.33 1.11 1.14 1.08 -0.05 -1.00 -0.87 0.13 2.69

91

4 1.09 3.72 1.35 1.28 1.24 -0.02 -1.00 -0.87 0.16 3.17

1 1.22 4.11 1.56 1.43 1.40 0.02 -1.00 -0.86 0.21 3.38 2 1.35 4.44 1.72 1.54 1.54 0.07 -1.00 -0.85 0.22 3.76 3 1.47 4.69 1.79 1.67 1.63 0.13 -1.00 -0.85 0.22 3.79

92

4 1.57 4.85 1.71 1.75 1.68 0.20 -1.00 -0.84 0.23 3.48

AGGREGATE

90 0.27 0.68 0.16 0.29 0.25 -0.02 -1.00 -0.49 0.01 0.47 91 0.89 2.95 0.99 1.05 0.99 -0.04 -1.00 -0.86 0.11 2.45 92 1.40 4.52 1.70 1.60 1.56 0.11 -1.00 -0.85 0.22 3.59

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6. Italy

(1) Effects of fiscal policy: a sustained increase in real government expenditure by 1% of real GDP

Changes in 10 variables of Italian model

C IP XGS MGS GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.13 0.86 0.01 0.35 1.18 0.01 0.10 0.01 -0.06 -0.02 2 0.23 1.53 0.02 0.70 1.31 0.03 0.18 0.04 -0.14 -0.07 3 0.31 1.93 0.04 1.04 1.35 0.06 0.26 0.08 -0.21 -0.13

90

4 0.38 1.96 0.06 1.34 1.32 0.10 0.32 0.12 -0.26 -0.21

1 0.41 1.91 0.07 1.59 1.26 0.18 0.37 0.19 -0.28 -0.30 2 0.42 1.79 0.06 1.76 1.19 0.27 0.40 0.26 -0.27 -0.41 3 0.42 1.67 0.03 1.87 1.13 0.37 0.44 0.34 -0.27 -0.56

91

4 0.42 1.59 -0.02 1.93 1.08 0.48 0.48 0.40 -0.26 -0.72

1 0.41 1.55 -0.09 1.91 1.03 0.61 0.52 0.46 -0.27 -0.83 2 0.40 1.48 -0.18 2.00 0.97 0.74 0.56 0.51 -0.26 -0.94 3 0.40 1.41 -0.26 2.03 0.91 0.88 0.60 0.55 -0.24 -1.01

92

4 0.39 1.32 -0.35 2.14 0.85 1.01 0.64 0.59 -0.27 -1.07

AGGREGATE

90 0.26 1.57 0.03 0.86 1.29 0.05 0.22 0.06 -0.17 -0.10 91 0.42 1.74 0.03 1.79 1.17 0.33 0.42 0.30 -0.27 -0.50 92 0.40 1.44 -0.22 2.02 0.94 0.81 0.58 0.53 -0.26 -0.97

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(2) Effects of monetary policy: a sustained decrease in short-term interest rate by 1% point

Changes in 10 variables of Italian model

C IP XGS MGS GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.01 0.06 0.02 -0.01 0.03 0.00 -1.00 -0.24 0.01 0.29 2 0.04 0.17 0.06 -0.03 0.09 0.01 -1.00 -0.44 -0.01 0.75 3 0.07 0.35 0.13 -0.06 0.17 0.03 -1.00 -0.60 -0.03 1.24

90

4 0.12 0.56 0.23 -0.07 0.27 0.06 -1.00 -0.72 -0.04 1.59

1 0.16 0.77 0.34 -0.07 0.38 0.10 -1.00 -0.82 -0.03 1.85 2 0.21 0.94 0.47 -0.06 0.47 0.15 -1.00 -0.89 -0.02 2.00 3 0.25 1.09 0.60 -0.03 0.55 0.21 -1.00 -0.94 -0.01 2.21

91

4 0.29 1.22 0.68 -0.01 0.62 0.29 -1.00 -0.97 0.00 2.39

1 0.32 1.35 0.74 0.03 0.67 0.39 -1.00 -0.97 0.02 2.41 2 0.34 1.43 0.81 0.08 0.70 0.50 -1.00 -0.96 0.05 2.43 3 0.35 1.49 0.82 0.13 0.72 0.64 -1.00 -0.96 0.07 2.38

92

4 0.36 1.52 0.82 0.18 0.71 0.78 -1.00 -0.96 0.05 2.35

AGGREGATE

90 0.06 0.29 0.11 -0.05 0.14 0.03 -1.00 -0.50 -0.02 0.95 91 0.23 1.01 0.52 -0.04 0.50 0.19 -1.00 -0.90 -0.01 2.12 92 0.34 1.44 0.80 0.10 0.70 0.58 -1.00 -0.96 0.05 2.39

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7. Canada

(1) Effects of fiscal policy: a sustained increase in real government expenditure by 1% of real GDP

Changes in 10 variables of Canadian model

C IP XGS MGS GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.34 0.10 -0.01 0.53 1.06 0.06 0.11 0.02 -0.05 -0.07 2 0.59 0.30 -0.01 0.97 1.10 0.07 0.23 0.05 -0.17 -0.22 3 0.78 0.54 -0.02 1.40 1.13 0.04 0.34 0.08 -0.27 -0.42

90

4 0.91 0.78 -0.04 1.73 1.15 -0.02 0.44 0.11 -0.34 -0.63

1 1.07 0.94 -0.07 2.00 1.17 -0.00 0.54 0.13 -0.34 -0.89 2 1.14 1.03 -0.09 2.21 1.16 0.01 0.62 0.16 -0.37 -1.13 3 1.21 1.12 -0.12 2.31 1.13 0.01 0.69 0.19 -0.37 -1.39

91

4 1.26 1.15 -0.16 2.51 1.10 0.00 0.75 0.22 -0.37 -1.69

1 1.36 1.23 -0.19 2.76 1.07 0.07 0.82 0.24 -0.39 -1.91 2 1.42 1.28 -0.23 2.95 1.03 0.13 0.87 0.26 -0.44 -2.11 3 1.46 1.29 -0.26 3.06 0.99 0.16 0.92 0.28 -0.46 -2.33

92

4 1.48 1.31 -0.29 3.19 0.95 0.18 0.95 0.29 -0.52 -2.41

AGGREGATE

90 0.65 0.42 -0.02 1.15 1.11 0.03 0.28 0.07 -0.21 -0.34 91 1.17 1.06 -0.11 2.26 1.14 0.01 0.65 0.17 -0.36 -1.27 92 1.43 1.28 -0.24 2.99 1.01 0.13 0.89 0.27 -0.45 -2.20

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(2) Effects of monetary policy: a sustained decrease in short-term interest rate by 1% point

Changes in 10 variables of Canadian model

C IP XGS MGS GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.10 0.02 0.01 -0.04 0.08 0.02 -1.00 -0.14 -0.01 0.37 2 0.28 0.10 0.04 -0.10 0.23 0.06 -1.00 -0.24 -0.06 0.95 3 0.46 0.23 0.08 -0.19 0.40 0.14 -1.00 -0.28 -0.08 1.49

90

4 0.64 0.43 0.12 -0.25 0.58 0.23 -1.00 -0.27 -0.09 1.83

1 0.84 0.63 0.16 -0.25 0.75 0.34 -1.00 -0.26 -0.09 2.05 2 1.02 0.85 0.18 -0.19 0.89 0.44 -1.00 -0.25 -0.08 2.04 3 1.19 1.11 0.19 -0.07 1.01 0.53 -1.00 -0.25 -0.09 2.02

91

4 1.33 1.32 0.21 0.06 1.10 0.62 -1.00 -0.25 -0.10 2.05

1 1.46 1.60 0.21 0.22 1.17 0.70 -1.00 -0.26 -0.12 2.01 2 1.56 1.84 0.20 0.39 1.22 0.80 -1.00 -0.26 -0.16 1.98 3 1.64 2.03 0.19 0.53 1.26 0.90 -1.00 -0.26 -0.20 2.01

92

4 1.71 2.24 0.19 0.68 1.28 1.01 -1.00 -0.25 -0.20 1.95

AGGREGATE

90 0.37 0.19 0.06 -0.14 0.32 0.11 -1.00 -0.23 -0.06 1.16 91 1.10 0.98 0.18 -0.11 0.94 0.48 -1.00 -0.25 -0.09 2.04 92 1.59 1.93 0.20 0.46 1.23 0.86 -1.00 -0.26 -0.17 1.99

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8. Australia

(1) Effects of fiscal policy: a sustained increase in real government expenditure by 1% of real GDP

Changes in 10 variables of Australian model

C IP XGS MGS GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.34 0.76 -0.04 0.78 1.18 0.00 0.16 0.04 -0.05 -0.17 2 0.60 1.37 -0.09 1.51 1.30 0.02 0.34 0.10 -0.19 -0.34 3 0.75 1.65 -0.14 2.05 1.33 0.05 0.49 0.16 -0.30 -0.49

90

4 0.84 1.63 -0.17 2.54 1.31 0.08 0.61 0.22 -0.41 -0.55

1 0.89 1.65 -0.19 2.65 1.30 0.12 0.67 0.28 -0.47 -0.62 2 0.91 1.60 -0.20 2.70 1.28 0.17 0.72 0.34 -0.52 -0.67 3 0.90 1.51 -0.21 2.75 1.24 0.22 0.75 0.38 -0.56 -0.69

91

4 0.88 1.44 -0.22 2.77 1.20 0.27 0.77 0.41 -0.60 -0.69

1 0.85 1.34 -0.22 2.79 1.17 0.32 0.79 0.43 -0.63 -0.63 2 0.80 1.22 -0.22 2.86 1.09 0.38 0.81 0.46 -0.68 -0.61 3 0.75 1.16 -0.20 2.75 1.07 0.45 0.83 0.48 -0.71 -0.54

92

4 0.71 0.99 -0.20 2.64 1.05 0.53 0.86 0.49 -0.75 -0.46

AGGREGATE

90 0.63 1.35 -0.11 1.70 1.28 0.04 0.40 0.13 -0.24 -0.39 91 0.90 1.55 -0.21 2.72 1.26 0.19 0.73 0.35 -0.54 -0.67 92 0.78 1.17 -0.21 2.76 1.10 0.42 0.82 0.46 -0.69 -0.56

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(2) Effects of monetary policy: a sustained decrease in short-term interest rate by 1% point

Changes in 10 variables of Australian model

C IP XGS MGS GDP PC RS RL BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT % PT %

1 0.01 0.15 0.05 -0.05 0.05 0.01 -1.00 -0.12 0.01 0.21 2 0.04 0.43 0.10 -0.09 0.13 0.03 -1.00 -0.22 0.04 0.37 3 0.09 0.78 0.14 -0.09 0.23 0.06 -1.00 -0.30 0.07 0.51

90

4 0.15 1.16 0.17 -0.04 0.32 0.10 -1.00 -0.36 0.10 0.58

1 0.21 1.59 0.18 0.04 0.41 0.15 -1.00 -0.42 0.12 0.66 2 0.27 1.95 0.18 0.14 0.48 0.21 -1.00 -0.46 0.13 0.69 3 0.32 2.20 0.16 0.25 0.51 0.26 -1.00 -0.48 0.13 0.70

91

4 0.35 2.34 0.15 0.33 0.52 0.30 -1.00 -0.48 0.13 0.69

1 0.36 2.30 0.14 0.41 0.51 0.34 -1.00 -0.49 0.13 0.65 2 0.36 2.25 0.13 0.47 0.49 0.38 -1.00 -0.49 0.13 0.65 3 0.35 2.23 0.11 0.49 0.46 0.42 -1.00 -0.49 0.13 0.60

92

4 0.35 1.93 0.10 0.52 0.44 0.45 -1.00 -0.49 0.14 0.56

AGGREGATE

90 0.07 0.62 0.12 -0.07 0.18 0.05 -1.00 -0.25 0.05 0.41 91 0.29 2.01 0.17 0.19 0.48 0.23 -1.00 -0.46 0.13 0.69 92 0.36 2.17 0.12 0.47 0.47 0.40 -1.00 -0.49 0.13 0.61

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9. Korea

(1) Effects of fiscal policy: a sustained increase in real government expenditure by 1% of real GDP

Changes in 10 variables of Korean model

C IP XGS MGS GDP PC RS BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT %

1 0.12 0.48 -0.02 0.40 1.05 0.11 0.15 -0.12 0.0 2 0.24 0.88 -0.05 0.77 1.08 0.22 0.29 -0.21 0.0 3 0.36 1.15 -0.09 1.07 1.10 0.32 0.40 -0.33 0.0

90

4 0.46 1.29 -0.12 1.29 1.09 0.38 0.48 -0.37 0.0

1 0.55 1.31 -0.15 1.37 1.09 0.46 0.52 -0.38 0.0 2 0.62 1.25 -0.15 1.46 1.04 0.55 0.56 -0.41 0.0 3 0.69 1.19 -0.21 1.54 0.98 0.62 0.59 -0.42 0.0

91

4 0.74 1.04 -0.22 1.65 0.92 0.68 0.62 -0.49 0.0

1 0.79 0.93 -0.23 1.70 0.87 0.74 0.64 -0.52 0.0 2 0.83 0.90 -0.27 1.72 0.87 0.80 0.66 -0.55 0.0 3 0.86 0.80 -0.31 1.84 0.81 0.86 0.68 -0.58 0.0

92

4 0.88 0.70 -0.33 1.85 0.76 0.91 0.69 -0.61 0.0

AGGREGATE

90 0.30 0.96 -0.07 0.89 1.08 0.26 0.33 -0.26 0.0 91 0.65 1.20 -0.18 1.51 1.01 0.58 0.58 -0.42 0.0 92 0.84 0.84 -0.28 1.78 0.83 0.83 0.67 -0.57 0.0

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(2) Effects of monetary policy: a sustained decrease in short-term interest rate by 1% point

Changes in 10 variables of Korean model

C IP XGS MGS GDP PC RS BPC@GDPV FXS

YEAR Q % % % % % % % PT % PT %

1 0.01 0.22 -0.00 0.02 0.06 0.01 -1.00 -0.01 0.0 2 0.03 0.46 -0.00 0.07 0.13 0.02 -1.00 -0.02 0.0 3 0.06 0.70 -0.01 0.14 0.21 0.04 -1.00 -0.04 0.0

90

4 0.10 0.97 -0.02 0.23 0.28 0.06 -1.00 -0.06 0.0

1 0.14 1.11 -0.03 0.30 0.32 0.09 -1.00 -0.08 0.0 2 0.18 1.21 -0.03 0.36 0.33 0.12 -1.00 -0.10 0.0 3 0.22 1.32 -0.05 0.41 0.34 0.14 -1.00 -0.11 0.0

91

4 0.25 1.30 -0.05 0.47 0.35 0.16 -1.00 -0.14 0.0

1 0.28 1.33 -0.06 0.51 0.35 0.19 -1.00 -0.15 0.0 2 0.31 1.45 -0.07 0.54 0.36 0.21 -1.00 -0.17 0.0 3 0.34 1.54 -0.08 0.60 0.37 0.24 -1.00 -0.19 0.0

92

4 0.36 1.57 -0.09 0.63 0.37 0.26 -1.00 -0.20 0.0

AGGREGATE

90 0.05 0.60 -0.01 0.12 0.17 0.03 -1.00 -0.03 0.0 91 0.20 1.23 -0.04 0.39 0.33 0.13 -1.00 -0.11 0.0 92 0.32 1.47 -0.08 0.57 0.36 0.23 -1.00 -0.18 0.0

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