KRÓTKA HISTORIA WIETNAMUKRÓTKA HISTORIA WIETNAMUKRÓTKA HISTORIA WIETNAMUKRÓTKA HISTORIA WIETNAMU- Wczesne KrólestwaWczesne Królestwa

- Okres dominacji ChinkiOkres dominacji Chinki- Feudalny dynastie średniowieczneFeudalny dynastie średniowieczne

- Kolonizacja FrancjiKolonizacja Francji- Wojna Indochinska ( 1945-1954)Wojna Indochinska ( 1945-1954)- Wojna Wietnamska (1954-1975)Wojna Wietnamska (1954-1975)

- Wietnam dzisiejszyWietnam dzisiejszy

Wczesne Królestwa

179 P.N.E

Okres dominacji Chinki

938 N.E

Feudalny dynastie średniowieczne

1858

Kolonizacja Francji

Wojna Indoch-inska

1954

Wojna Wietna-mska

1975

Dziszaj

1945

Chart of History of Vietnam

Od Wczesnego Królestwa Do 179 pne

• Według wietnamskich mitów, pierwsze ludzie wietnamskie (100 osób) zóstały urodzony przez pary smokowego i aniołowego (Imię tego pary po Wietnamsku: Lac Long Quan (Smok) i Au Co (Anioł)).

• Ta para postanowiła rozstać: 50 dzieci poszli z ich matką do góry; resta z ich ojciecem poszła do morza, tworząc nasz kraj (Wietnam dziś)

• Ich najstarszy syn stał się pierwszym królem Wietnamski z pierwszym panśtwem znane pod imiem jako Van Lang.

Powiedzienie “Do widzenia!”

Świątynia Króla Hunga

• W trzecim wieku p.n.e, ostatni król dynastii Hunga został obalony przez Thuc Phan (An Duong Vuong), znany jako inna grupa Wietnamski w tym czasie.

• W 179 roku p.n.e, wojsko chiny pokonało króla An Duong Vuong, rozpoczynając okres chińskiej dominacji przeciw Wietnamu (179 p.n.e - 938 n.e)

Od Wczesnego Królestwa Do 179 pne

Świątynia Króla Ana Duong Vuong

Feudalny dynastie średniowieczne

• W 938 r, Ngo Quyen, znany jako cnotliwy Pan, pokonał wojska Południowej dynastii Hana (dominował Wietnam w tym czasie) w bitwie nad rzeką znana jako Bach Dang, zaczął okres niepodległości dla Wietnamu.

• Po jego śmierci, feudalizm zaczął z Dynastii (968-980) Dinha (nazwa Wietnamu: Dai Co Viet). Następne dynastie: Ly (1009-1225) (nazwa Wietnamu: Dai Viet); Tran (1225-1400); Ho (1400-1407) (nazwa Wietnamu: Dai Ngu); Le (1428 – 1527) (nazwa Wietnamu: Dai Viet); Tay Son (1778-1802); Nguyen (1802-1945)

Stakes in Bach dang river

Kolonizacja Francji

• W 1858 roku, wojsko Francji zaatakowali stanowisko Da Nang, rozpocznąc inwazję Francji do Wietnamu, a to zostało kompletowane w 1887 roku.

• In October 1887, French Indochina was formed from Annam (central Vietnam), Tonkin (Northern Vietnam), Cochinchina (Southern Vietnam) and then added Cambodia, Laos

• Politically, Cochinchina had the status of a French colony. Annam was a protectorate where the Nguyen Dynasty still ruled, and Tonkin had a French Governor yet local governments were run by Vietnamese officials.

Schema of French

Expansion in Indochina

• After pacification of Vietnam, French colonialism carried out a set of colonial exploitation policies. They invested capital in building railways, factories, mines…that changed the Vietnamese economy and Vietnamese society into the orbit of capitalism.

• During the French colonization happened many Vietnamese uprisings against French colonists. There were 5 main socio-political movements.

• The first, Can Vuong movement was led by former court officers and confucianists, trying to rally the people to resist the French. It went to the end in the last XIX century

• The second, Dong Du movement (Go East) was led by Phan Boi Chau. He sent many Vietnamese students to Japan to learn modern skill, organized a few Vietnamese society in Japan. Due to French pressure, Japan later deported Phan Boi Chau to China.

Phan Chau Trinh Phan Boi Chau

• The forth, The Vietnam Quoc Dan Dang (Vietnam National Party) consisted of a sort of patriots (students, bourgeois, soldiers…). It was modeled after the Guo Ming Tang in China.

• The firth, Marxism movement. Before the starting Marxism movement, the Vietnamese revolution were lack of outline and leadership.Marxism in beginning was introduced into Vietnam with the emergence of three separate communist groups (Indochinese communists, Annamese communists and Indo chinese communist Union). In 1930 Nguyen Ai Quoc co-ordinated unification of 3 groups into the Vietnamese Communist Party.

• In 1941, Ho Chi Minh (formally known as Nguyen Ai Quoc) arrived in Northern Vietnam to form Vietnam Front fighting for Vietnam’s independence.

• In August 1945, the Japanese surrendered to the Allies creating a power vaccum in Vietnam. The Viet Minh launched “the August Revolution” to seize power, ending the Nguyen Dynasty and Japanese domination. On September 2, 1945 Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam independent founding the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. (DRV).

IndoChina war 1945-1954

• According to Alta conference among three Powers, the USA, Soviet union and British Kingdom, Chiang Kaishek’s army and the British forces would disarm the Japanese in Vietnam.

• Yet, August Revolution already occurred before the Allies forces entered Vietnam. So Ho Chi Minh government had to face the dangerous situation: 20.000 British troops in the South , and about the same quantity of Chang Kaishek’s troops in the North , and in addition was French colonists; all of them planned squeezing the Revolution to death.

• Ho Chi Minh had to negotiate with Chang Kaishek’s army, deported them back to China; then he signed a temporary agreement with the French, in March 1946 to get time for preparing the war against the French.

• 1946-1950: Viet Minh troops were resisting against the French without any international helps, just in the end of 1950, Viet Minh successfully opened the border with China and began to receive some assistance from Mao Zedong government.

Battle in Hanoi 1946

• Dien Bien Phu battle in 1954 led to the collapse of French colonism in Vietnam.

• During the period of Indo china war, two governments were established in Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh’s government (1945) and Bao Dai’s government (1949)

• In 1950, Bao Dai’s government gained recognition from the United Kingdom and the US

• In 1954, the Geneva conference was held for peace and recognition of Vietnam independence. But the powers purposely ignored the Vietnamese willing, taking 17th parallel to split the country into 2 states.

Occupying French commander’s tunel at Dien Bien Phu

Former EmperorBao Dai

Vietnam War(The Resistance against the

American’s invasion)• According to Geneva Accord, Vietnam has

temporarily to partition into two states at the 17th parallel. But supported from the US government, Ngo Dinh Diem, a former mandarin of Nguyen Dynasty was selected as Premier of Bao Dai’s state of Vietnam in 1954.

• Using the referendum in 1955, Diem deposed Bao Dai and declared him as President of the Republic of Vietnam (RVN). Since then the USA began to provide military and economic aids to the RVN, training RVN personnels, sending US advisors to assist Diem’s government. They destroyed the Geneva Accords, stopping the process of unification of Vietnam.

Ngo Dinh Diem

Periods of War

Eisenhower

1954

Kennedy

1960

Johson

1965

Nixon

1968

Ford

1973 1975

• 1954-1960, The US helped Diem Government to build an army , developed South Vietnam’s economy.

• 1961-1964, The strategy “Special War” supplied Dollars, military advisor to RVN.

• 1965-1968, the strategy “Local War”. 500,000 troops directly taking apart in war; Tet offensive.

• 1969-1973, the strategy “Vietnamization War”.-Jan-1973, Paris peace Agreement, the US troops had to withdraw from Vietnam, civil war rebegan.-May/30th/1975 victory.

Occupying the Palace” Independence”April 30th 1975

Vietnam Today

• After the resistence against the American’s invasion, Vietnam freely implemented reunification of country.

• In 1976, Vietnam was renamed Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRVN)

• SRVN was of a centralized command economy. For a decade, Vietnam’s economy was plagued with inefficiency and corruption in state programs, poor quality and underproduction and restriction on economic activites and trade. It also suffered from the trade embargo from the US and most of European countries.

• In 1986, Vietnam began economic reform with market economy mechanism. Private ownership was encouraged in industries, commerce and agriculture.Since then, Vietnam achieved around 7-8% annual GDP growth from 1990 to 2007.

• In 1995, Vietnam officially became a number of ASEAN and it was accepted into WTO in November 7th ,2006.

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