PARTICIPANT SOURCEBOOK – SPECIAL TOPICS REGULATION 216
A Training Workshop for USAID/Afghanistan Staff & Partners 24 July-2 August 2016
This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by The Cadmus Group, Inc.
7/11
/201
6`1
FOO
TER
GO
ES H
ERE
1
Proc
urem
ent
and
Envi
ronm
enta
l Com
plia
nce
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/Aug
ust
2016
•How
to
inco
rpor
ate
appr
opri
ate
lang
uage
on
envi
ronm
enta
l com
plia
nce
into
USA
ID s
olic
itatio
ns
and
awar
ds
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E2
OBJ
ECT
IVE
–YO
U W
ILL
KN
OW
:
AzizullahKarimi.
7/11
/201
63
2. P
RO
CU
RE
ME
NT
4. E
VA
LUA
TIO
N
1. A
NA
LYSI
S A
ND
D
ESI
GN
1. In
clud
e en
viro
nmen
tal c
ompl
ianc
e la
ngua
ge in
th
e R
eque
st fo
r App
licat
ions
/Pro
posa
ls
(incl
udin
g cr
iteri
a)*
2. F
acto
r in
com
plia
nce
issu
es
whe
n re
view
ing
pro
posa
lsan
d ap
plic
atio
ns*
3. In
clud
e ap
prop
riat
e la
ngua
ge in
the
aw
ards
USA
ID L
IFE
OF
PRO
JEC
T E
NV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L C
OM
PLIA
NC
E M
ILES
TON
ES
Onl
y ap
plie
s to
pro
ject
s w
ith
a ne
gati
ve d
eter
min
atio
n w
ith
cond
itio
ns o
r a
posi
tive
det
erm
inat
ion
*
3. IM
PLE
ME
NTA
TIO
N
7/11
/201
64
STE
P-B
Y-S
TE
P G
UID
AN
CE
AN
D
BO
ILE
RP
LAT
E L
AN
GU
AG
E
A T
OO
L TO
HEL
P --
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L C
OM
PLIA
NC
E:
LAN
GU
AG
E FO
R U
SE IN
SO
LIC
ITAT
ION
S A
ND
AW
AR
DS
7/11
/201
65
At
your
tab
les,
revi
ew t
he fi
rst
shee
t of
3 d
iffer
ent
Req
uest
fo
r C
ateg
oric
al E
xclu
sion
s / I
nitia
l Env
ironm
enta
l Ex
amin
atio
ns a
nd d
eter
min
e w
hich
par
agra
phs
from
AD
S 20
4sac
sho
uld
go in
to t
he s
olic
itatio
n an
d/ o
r aw
ard.
Wri
te w
hich
par
agra
phs
(exa
mpl
e “1
a th
roug
h 1c
”) in
you
r bo
oks
and
read
tho
se p
arag
raph
s.
7/11
/201
66
EXER
CIS
E :
1. W
hat
form
at /
styl
es o
f the
Initi
al E
nviro
nmen
tal
Exam
inat
ions
mak
e it
easi
er fo
r pr
ocur
emen
t sp
ecia
list
and
othe
rs t
o in
clud
e th
e ri
ght
lang
uage
into
sol
icita
tion
and
awar
ds?
2. W
hat
are
som
e ex
peri
ence
s pe
ople
hav
e w
ith
envi
ronm
enta
l com
plia
nce
and
proc
urem
ent?
7/11
/201
67
QU
EST
ION
S:
•Sol
icita
tions
•Aw
ards
7/11
/201
68
ATTA
CH
IEE
TO:
•Sc
ope
of W
ork
•Pr
ogra
m D
escr
iptio
n•
Cri
teri
a (w
hen
activ
ity h
as
cond
ition
s)
7/11
/201
69
FAC
TOR
IEE
IN
DEV
ELO
PMEN
T O
F:
•C
ompl
ianc
e la
ngua
ge is
incl
uded
in R
eque
st fo
r A
pplic
atio
ns/P
ropo
sals
(RFA
s/R
FPs)
incl
udin
g cr
iteri
a (if
ne
cess
ary)
•If
appr
opri
ate,
Tec
hnic
al E
valu
atio
n C
omm
ittee
s ar
e as
sess
ing
envi
ronm
enta
l com
plia
nce
in t
heir
rev
iew
s of
bid
s (in
clud
ing
budg
ets)
•C
ompl
ianc
e la
ngua
ge is
incl
uded
in t
he a
war
ds•
Reg
ulat
ion
216
is h
ighl
ight
ed in
the
pos
t aw
ard
conf
eren
ce
7/11
/201
610
IND
ICAT
OR
S FO
R P
ROC
UR
EMEN
T
7/11
/201
611
FOO
TER
GO
ES H
ERE
Tha
nk y
ou
7/11
/201
61
G2G
+ IF
Is
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
GO
VER
NM
ENT
TO
GO
VER
NM
ENT
AG
REE
MEN
TS
(G2G
): BA
CK
GRO
UN
D
USA
ID In
crea
sing
ly m
ovin
g to
war
d di
rect
ly fu
ndin
g lo
cal g
over
nmen
ts,
…..w
hich
tri
gger
s an
ass
essm
ent
of t
he fi
duci
ary
risk
whe
n us
ing
host
cou
ntry
sy
stem
s.
Publ
ic F
inan
cial
Man
agem
ent
Ris
k A
sses
smen
t Fr
amew
ork
(PFM
RA
F) a
nd A
ppro
val o
f Use
of
Par
tner
Cou
ntry
Sys
tem
s (A
DS
220)
2
G2G
Exa
mpl
es:
Phar
mac
eutic
alw
areh
ouse
co
nstr
uctio
n
Hea
lthsy
stem
s st
reng
then
ing
Elec
tion
supp
ort
and
mon
itori
ng
Min
istr
y su
ppor
t fo
r fie
ld le
vel
patr
ols
Per
AD
S 22
0.1:
“Po
licy
mus
t su
ppor
t lo
ng t
erm
su
stai
ned
prog
ress
, ulti
mat
ely
mak
ing
assi
stan
ce
unne
cess
ary
by p
artn
erin
g w
ith c
ount
ries
to
use
thei
r ow
n in
tern
al s
yste
ms,
bui
ld t
heir
ca
paci
ty, s
tren
gthe
n th
eir
core
inst
itutio
ns a
nd
prov
ide
for
thei
r ow
n pe
ople
.”
WH
AT A
BOU
T T
HE
CA
PAC
ITY
OF
HO
ST
GO
VER
NM
ENT
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
SYST
EMS?
USA
ID E
nviro
nmen
tal P
roce
dure
s (A
DS
204)
app
ly t
o al
l act
iviti
es
rega
rdle
ssof
the
mec
hani
sm b
eing
use
d.
All
pre-
oblig
atio
n re
quire
men
ts m
ust
be m
et p
rior
to
the
oblig
atio
n of
U
SAID
fund
s (in
clud
ing
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
ass
essm
ent)
.
If w
e ar
e us
ing
host
cou
ntry
sys
tem
s, th
en w
e m
ust
also
ass
ess
the
envi
ronm
enta
l reg
ulat
ory
syst
ems
for
cons
iste
ncy
and
adeq
uacy
with
22
CFR
216
.
3
Env
iron
men
tal M
anag
emen
t C
apac
ity
Ass
essm
ent
(EM
CA
)
FAC
TOR
S A
FFEC
TIN
G E
MC
A O
UT
CO
ME
4
M&
EEM
CA
Scop
e of
ac
tiviti
es
Nat
iona
l Le
vel L
aws
Prom
ulga
ted
Proc
edur
es
Man
date
s of
M
inis
trie
s
Type
of a
war
d
Leve
l of
Gov
ernm
ent
Tech
nica
l C
apac
ity
Ove
rsig
ht
Des
ign
Gov
erna
nce
Mon
itori
ng
Impl
emen
tatio
n
Tim
ing
TIM
ING
DU
RIN
G P
ROJE
CT
CY
CLE
5
Idea
l:EM
CA
and
IEE
deve
lope
d ea
rly
•IE
E st
ates
con
ditio
ns/m
itiga
tion
nece
ssar
y fo
r G
2G b
ased
on
EMC
A•
Proj
ect
desi
gn in
clud
es b
uild
ing
capa
city
in
nece
ssar
y ar
eas
iden
tifie
d by
EM
CA
Typi
cal (
for
curr
ent
proj
ects
):IE
E al
read
y de
velo
ped
but
no E
MC
A•
Con
duct
EM
CA
bas
ed o
n ne
w p
roje
ct•
Am
end
the
IEE
cond
ition
s/m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s an
d an
ticip
ate
futu
re a
ctiv
ities
•C
halle
nge
to a
ntic
ipat
e fu
ture
act
iviti
es
Exam
ple
IEE
Con
ditio
ns:
•Pa
rtne
r m
ust
follo
w t
heir
ow
n en
vre
gula
tions
•M
inis
try
will
be
resp
onsi
ble
for
mon
itori
ng c
ompl
ianc
e (a
nd/o
r co
ntra
ctor
)•
Reg
ular
rep
ortin
g w
ill
incl
ude
env
man
agem
ent
repo
rts
•U
SAID
may
aud
it or
co
nduc
t fie
ld e
valu
atio
ns
INT
ERN
ATIO
NA
L FI
NA
NC
E IN
STIT
UT
ION
S (IF
IS) A
ND
U
SAID
’S R
EVIE
W O
F IF
I PRO
JEC
TS
•C
onte
xt
•U
SAID
’s R
ole
•R
evie
w P
roce
ss
•Q
uest
ions
•T
he e
ight
Per
form
ance
Sta
ndar
ds e
stab
lish
stan
dard
s th
at t
he c
lient
is
to m
eet
thro
ugho
ut t
he li
fe o
f an
inve
stm
ent
by IF
C
7/11
/201
67
IFC
Per
form
ance
Sta
ndar
ds
8
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
Saf
egua
rd S
tand
ards
•T
he E
SES
Fram
ewor
k id
entif
ies
key T
hem
atic
Saf
egua
rds
and
prov
ides
re
leva
nt m
inim
um r
equi
rem
ents
und
er e
ach
The
mat
ic S
afeg
uard
St
anda
rd t
o co
nsid
er a
t di
ffere
nt s
tage
s th
roug
hout
the
life
cycl
e of
pr
ojec
ts
9
DEF
INIT
ION
S•
MD
B-M
ultil
ater
al D
evel
opm
ent
Bank
•C
ateg
ory
A p
roje
cts-
Proj
ects
tha
t ar
e “l
ikel
y to
hav
e si
gnifi
cant
adv
erse
en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts
that
are
sen
sitiv
e, d
iver
se, o
r un
prec
eden
ted.
The
se im
pact
s m
ay a
ffect
an
area
bro
ader
tha
n th
e si
tes
or fa
cilit
ies
subj
ect
to p
hysi
cal w
orks
.”
(Wor
ld B
ank)
•FI
-1 p
roje
cts-
Proj
ects
tha
t “in
volv
e in
vest
men
t of
Ban
k fu
nds
thro
ugh
a fin
anci
al
inte
rmed
iary
, in
subp
roje
cts
that
may
res
ult
in a
dver
se e
nviro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts.”
(W
orld
Ban
k)
•E
SIA
-Env
ironm
enta
l and
Soc
ial I
mpa
ct A
sses
smen
t
•M
BD
PA
D-P
roje
ct A
ppra
isal
Doc
umen
t: D
ocum
ent
that
incl
udes
rel
evan
t ba
ckgr
ound
on
the
coun
try
and
sect
or a
nd a
det
aile
d de
scri
ptio
n of
the
pro
ject
s ob
ject
ives
, ris
ks, f
inan
cing
, con
ditio
n, a
nd im
plem
entin
g ar
rang
emen
ts. U
SAID
and
M
DB
use
PAD
as
an a
cron
ym fo
r di
ffere
nt d
ocum
ents
. MD
B PA
Ds
are
crea
ted
at
the
end
of t
he p
roce
ss.
Why
USA
ID in
put?
•En
sure
USA
ID’s
expe
rtis
e is
use
d to
pro
mot
e su
stai
nabl
e de
velo
pmen
t o
f MD
B pr
ojec
ts
•K
now
ledg
eabl
e ab
out
coun
try
cont
ext
•K
now
ledg
eabl
e ab
out
loan
re
cipi
ents
U.S
. IN
FLU
ENC
E IN
MU
LTIL
ATER
AL
DEV
ELO
PMEN
T B
AN
KS
Sour
ce: D
ept.
of T
reas
ury
FY 2
013
Budg
et Ju
stifi
catio
n
ROLE
OF
USA
ID R
EGA
RD
ING
MD
B PR
OPO
SALS
•Tw
o fu
nctio
ns:
•M
DB
Proj
ect A
ppra
isal
Doc
umen
t (P
AD
) re
view
and
dev
elop
men
t of
a r
ecom
men
ded
votin
g po
sitio
n (n
ot r
equi
red
by la
w, b
ut
requ
ired
by U
SAID
pol
icy
that
was
sig
ned
Nov
5, 2
013
and
is
outli
ned
in A
genc
y N
otic
e 12
153)
•T
his
is t
he fo
cus
of t
oday
’s tr
aini
ng•
Titl
e X
III e
arly
pro
posa
l rev
iew
s, an
d A
ffirm
ativ
e In
vest
igat
ions
(r
equi
red
by la
w)
•Pe
rfor
med
by
E3•
Clo
se c
oord
inat
ion
betw
een
E3 a
nd t
he r
egio
nal b
urea
us o
n th
e T
itle
XIII
act
iviti
es is
req
uire
d as
the
se r
evie
ws
can
cont
ribu
te t
o th
e vo
ting
reco
mm
enda
tion
dete
rmin
atio
n
INT
ERSE
CT
ION
OF
MD
B PR
OJE
CT
DEV
ELO
PMEN
T,
USA
ID M
DB
REV
IEW
AN
D T
ITLE
XIII
PRO
CES
SES
Boa
rd
Vote
USAID
Mul
tilat
eral
Dev
elop
men
t Ban
k P
ropo
sal R
evie
w
Votin
g P
ositi
on
Rec
omm
enda
tion
Multilateral Development Bank
Ad
Hoc
ES
IA R
evie
wTi
tle X
III P
roce
ss
Proj
ect
App
rais
al
Doc
umen
t (P
AD
)
Envi
ronm
enta
l &
Soci
al Im
pact
A
sses
smen
t (ES
IA)
ROLE
S O
F U
SAID
REP
RES
ENTA
TIV
ES
USA
ID R
evie
w o
f MD
B Pr
ojec
t Pro
posa
ls
15
Region
al Bureau PO
Cs•
Desig
nates c
ountry‐le
vel reviewers
•Co
ordinates regional review,
compiles feedb
ack
•De
cide
s the
final voting recommen
datio
n and subm
its
to Treasury
Coun
try De
velopm
ent O
fficer (CD
O)
•May be the prim
ary contact a
t the
cou
ntry level,
respon
siblefor soliciting
inpu
t and
expertise from
the
Mission and
•Po
tentially re
spon
sible fo
r con
solidating commen
ts
and de
veloping
the votin
g mem
orandu
m
PPL Bu
reau
Rep
resentative
•Process m
anager
•Prim
ary PO
C to
receive projects and
inqu
iries from
Treasury and
arbitrates inter b
ureau and interagency
diffe
rences
USA
ID US ExecutiveDirector Advisor
•Will re
ceivecomments and
final voting
recommen
datio
n •
Ensures U
SAID
position is commun
icated
with
in USED
office
•Cu
rrent P
OC: Ju
n Jin
Environm
ental staff tasked
to work on
Title
XIII re
view
s•
Perfo
rm re
view
s and
AIson
select num
ber o
f projects
early
in propo
sal develop
ment p
rocess
VOT
ING
PO
SIT
ION
MEM
OR
AN
DU
M
USA
ID R
evie
w o
f MD
B Pr
ojec
t Pro
posa
ls16
Mem
o is
del
iber
ativ
e, in
tern
al (n
ot s
ubje
ct t
o FO
IA)
and
inte
nded
to
desc
ribe
U
SAID
act
ion
duri
ng t
he r
evie
w
MEM
OR
AN
DU
MM
UST
INC
LUD
E T
HE
FOLL
OW
ING
:
•Pr
ovid
e a
votin
g po
sitio
n
•Pr
ovid
e co
mm
ents
app
ropr
iate
for
incl
usio
n in
a T
reas
ury
Act
ion
Mem
o
•Pr
ovid
e qu
estio
ns, a
s ap
prop
riat
e, t
hat
may
pro
vide
insi
ght
into
U
SAID
con
cern
s
•D
ocum
ent
that
the
mem
o is
for
inte
rnal
USG
del
iber
atio
n an
d is
not
fo
r di
stri
butio
n
•D
ocum
ent
that
the
vot
ing
reco
mm
enda
tion
was
dev
elop
ed b
ased
on
a de
sk t
op r
evie
w a
nd is
not
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
rev
iew
of t
he p
roje
ct
•Id
entif
y w
hat
aspe
cts
of d
evel
opm
ent
(gen
der,
envi
ronm
ent,
econ
omic
s) w
ere
revi
ewed
CIT
ATIO
NS/
RES
OU
RC
ES
•C
FR T
itle
31, P
art
26. E
nviro
nmen
tal R
evie
w o
f Act
ions
by
Mul
tilat
eral
Dev
elop
men
t Ba
nks
(MD
Bs).
http
://w
ww
.gpo
.gov
/fdsy
s/pk
g/C
FR-2
002-
title
31-v
ol1/
htm
l/CFR
-200
2-tit
le31
-vol
1-pa
rt26
.htm
•In
trod
uctio
n to
USA
ID E
nviro
nmen
tal P
roce
dure
s. ht
tp://
pdf.u
said
.gov
_doc
s/PN
AC
T38
3.pd
f
•U
SAID
’s En
viro
nmen
tal P
roce
dure
s in
Bri
ef (p
ower
poin
t).
http
://w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
/meo
_res
ourc
es/U
SAID
%20
Env%
20Pr
oc%
20St
aff%
20Br
iefin
g%
2010
Dec
08-c
omp.
KELLY RAMUNDO, USAID
7/11
/201
619
Tha
nk y
ouT
hank
you
7/11
/201
61
Afg
hani
stan
Rec
onst
ruct
ion
Trus
t Fu
nd
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
•T
he A
fgha
nist
an R
econ
stru
ctio
n Tr
ust
Fund
(ART
F) is
a m
ulti-
dono
r tr
ust
fund
sup
port
ed b
y 33
don
ors
and
adm
inis
tere
d by
the
Wor
ld B
ank
•Pr
ovid
es b
udge
t su
ppor
t an
d fin
anci
ng o
f gra
nts
for
natio
nal g
over
nmen
t pr
ojec
ts s
uppo
rted
by
a gl
obal
par
tner
ship
•Su
ppor
ts in
vest
men
ts th
at p
rom
ote
core
nat
iona
l pri
oriti
es
•Is
in r
espo
nse
to t
he e
cono
mic
and
soc
ial c
halle
nges
bro
ught
abo
ut b
y al
mos
t 30
yea
rs o
f con
flict
afte
r th
e fa
ll of
the
Tal
iban
•A
RTF
is t
he la
rges
t co
ntri
buto
r to
the
Afg
han
budg
et in
ope
ratin
g co
sts
and
deve
lopm
ent
prog
ram
s
•H
as h
elpe
d m
illio
ns o
f Afg
hans
in t
he h
ealth
, edu
catio
n, r
ural
dev
elop
men
t, an
d pu
blic
fina
nce
man
agem
ent
sect
ors
•C
over
s 5
prio
rity
sec
tors
: Agr
icul
ture
, Rur
al D
evel
opm
ent,
Infr
astr
uctu
re,
Hum
an D
evel
opm
ent,
and
Gov
erna
nce/
Publ
ic S
ecto
r C
apac
ity
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E2
AFG
HA
NIS
TAN
REC
ON
STRU
CT
ION
TRU
ST F
UN
D
•U
se t
he n
atio
nal b
udge
t to
the
alig
n th
e re
cons
truc
tion
prog
ram
with
na
tiona
l dev
elop
men
t ob
ject
ives
•En
cour
age
tran
spar
ency
and
acc
ount
abili
ty in
the
rec
onst
ruct
ion
field
•En
cour
age
capa
city
bui
ldin
g
•D
ecre
ase
depe
nden
ce o
n lim
ited
gove
rnm
ent c
apac
ity
•In
crea
se d
onor
invo
lvem
ent
in fi
nanc
ing
and
polic
y di
scus
sion
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E3
OBJ
ECT
IVES
•T
he fi
st A
RTF
Fina
ncin
g St
rate
gy c
ame
abou
t at
the
Lon
don
2010
C
onfe
renc
e
•It
set
out
a 3-
year
allo
catio
n pl
an p
er s
olar
yea
r
•It
is r
evie
wed
reg
ular
ly in
ART
F St
rate
gy G
roup
mee
tings
•C
over
s th
e al
loca
tion
of t
he fu
nd, i
nves
tmen
t fin
anci
ng, a
nd h
ow t
o m
onito
r an
d re
port
res
ults
•Im
plem
enta
tion
of t
he S
trat
egy
is c
ontin
gent
on
dono
r co
ntri
butio
ns
and
min
istr
ies’
abi
lity
to im
plem
ent
appr
oved
pro
ject
s de
velo
ped
with
th
e W
orld
Ban
k
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E4
FIN
AN
CIN
G S
TR
ATEG
Y
•H
as 7
.9 m
illio
n be
nefic
iari
es (3
9% b
eing
fem
ale)
•In
crea
se in
acc
ess
to:
–Ed
ucat
ion:
7.7
mill
ion
–El
ectr
icity
: 3.2
mill
ion
–R
oads
: 5.7
mill
ion
–W
ater
and
San
itatio
n Se
rvic
es: 4
.8 m
illio
n
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E5
RES
ULT
S/ST
ATIS
TIC
S
•In
crea
sed
acce
ss t
o:
–Em
ploy
men
t: 1,
596
EG m
embe
rs
–Sh
ort-
term
Em
ploy
men
t: 38
.5 m
illio
n la
bor
days
–Sa
ving
s an
d en
terp
rise
sup
port
: 35,
231
–A
gric
ultu
ral s
ervi
ces:
178,
000
–Ir
riga
tion
serv
ices
: 3.3
mill
ion
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E6
RES
ULT
S/ST
ATIS
TIC
S C
ON
TIN
UED
•A
llow
ed fo
r th
e en
hanc
emen
t of
the
gov
ernm
ent’s
nat
iona
l edu
catio
n pr
ogra
m—
The
Edu
catio
n Q
ualit
y Im
prov
emen
t Pr
ogra
m (E
QU
IP)—
whi
ch in
crea
ses
acce
ss t
o ed
ucat
ion
(mai
nly
girl
s) t
hrou
gh s
choo
l gr
ants
and
tea
cher
tra
inin
g
•Fu
nded
the
con
stru
ctio
n of
ove
r 2,
800
clas
sroo
ms
•Su
ppor
ted
the
recu
rren
t co
sts
of g
over
nmen
t (fin
ance
s $2
00-$
300
mill
ion/
year
in t
each
ers’
sal
arie
s)
•In
vest
ed in
the
uni
vers
ity p
artn
ersh
ip s
chem
e an
d th
e N
atio
nal
Inst
itute
for
Man
agem
ent
and
Adm
inis
trat
ion
(NIM
A)
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E7
PRO
JEC
TS:
EDU
CAT
ION
•Su
ppor
ts t
he N
atio
nal R
ural
Acc
ess
Prog
ram
(gov
ernm
ent’s
mai
n w
ay
of d
eliv
erin
g el
ectr
icity
to
rura
l are
as t
hrou
gh p
ublic
wor
ks)
•H
as h
elpe
d fu
nd t
he r
econ
stru
ctio
n an
d m
aint
enan
ce o
f ~13
,000
km
of
rura
l roa
ds w
hich
con
nect
vill
ages
in t
he m
ount
aino
us a
reas
of
Afg
hani
stan
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E8
PRO
JEC
TS:
INFR
AST
RUC
TU
RE
•In
vest
s in
the
Cap
acity
Bui
ldin
g fo
r R
esul
ts P
roje
ct (C
BR),
whi
ch is
a 5
-ye
ar p
roje
ct t
hat
aim
s to
incr
ease
the
cap
acity
of m
inis
trie
s to
del
iver
ba
sic
serv
ices
and
impl
emen
t na
tiona
l pri
ority
pro
gram
s
•M
inis
trie
s re
ceiv
e m
ore
supp
ort
base
d on
if t
hey
mee
t ce
rtai
n cr
iteri
a, i.e
., co
mpl
etin
g ba
sic
publ
ic a
dmin
istr
atio
n re
form
s an
d ha
ving
an
appr
oved
str
ateg
ic p
lan
•T
he e
nd g
oal i
s fo
r ea
ch m
inis
try
to r
efor
m it
self
so t
hat
it ca
n fu
nctio
n su
cces
sful
ly in
the
futu
re
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E9
PRO
JEC
TS:
SUST
AIN
ABL
E G
OV
ERN
MEN
T C
APA
CIT
Y
•In
vest
s in
the
Nat
iona
l Sol
idar
ity P
rogr
am (N
SP)
whi
ch h
as im
prov
ed
the
lives
of 2
4 m
illio
n vi
llage
rs t
hrou
ghou
t the
ent
ire c
ount
ry
•Su
ppor
ts t
he b
lock
gra
nt s
chem
e—A
fgha
nist
an’s
larg
est
prog
ram
whi
ch
has: –
allo
wed
~30
,000
com
mun
ities
to
deve
lop
com
mun
ity p
lans
–co
mpl
eted
ove
r 64
,000
infr
astr
uctu
re p
roje
cts
–ge
nera
ted
over
38
mill
ion
labo
r da
ys
–pr
ovid
ed e
lect
rici
ty t
o ov
er 3
.6 m
illio
n vi
llage
rs
–bu
ilt o
ver
500
scho
ols
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E10
PRO
JEC
TS:
AFG
HA
N C
OM
MU
NIT
IES
•O
n Fa
rm W
ater
Man
agem
ent
(OFW
M)
•G
rant
am
ount
: $41
mill
ion
•20
11-2
014
•T
he o
bjec
tive
of t
his
proj
ect
was
to
impr
ove
agri
cultu
ral p
rodu
ctiv
ity
by b
ecom
ing
incr
easi
ngly
effi
cien
t in
wat
er u
se, i
.e.,
prov
idin
g fa
rmer
s w
ith im
prov
ed a
nd e
quita
ble
dist
ribu
tion
of ir
riga
tion
wat
er
•T
hree
com
pone
nts:
–on
-farm
wat
er m
anag
emen
t
–in
stitu
tiona
l str
engt
heni
ng
–pr
ojec
t m
anag
emen
t an
d m
onito
ring
& e
valu
atio
n
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E11
PRO
JEC
TS:
AG
RIC
ULT
UR
E
•Ir
riga
tion
Reh
abili
tatio
n an
d D
evel
opm
ent
Proj
ect
•G
rant
am
ount
: $48
.4 m
illio
n
•20
12-2
017
•T
he o
bjec
tive
of t
his
proj
ect
is t
o in
crea
se a
gric
ultu
re p
rodu
ctiv
ity in
pr
ojec
t ar
eas
•A
ims
to r
ehab
ilita
te ir
riga
tion
syst
ems,
mai
nly
for
reco
very
of
agri
cultu
re a
nd r
ural
live
lihoo
ds
•G
oals
:
–15
% in
crea
se in
irri
gate
d ar
ea
–20
% in
crea
se in
cro
p yi
elds
–av
aila
bilit
y of
hyd
ro-m
eteo
rolo
gica
l dat
a
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E12
PRO
JEC
TS:
AG
RIC
ULT
UR
E
KELLY RAMUNDO, USAID
7/11
/201
613
And
rei D
. Bar
anni
kR
egio
nal E
nvir
onm
enta
l Adv
iser
for
Cen
tral
an
d So
uth
Asi
a, a
nd fo
rO
ffice
of A
fgha
nist
an a
nd P
akis
tan
Affa
irs
Land
line
: 1.2
02.7
12.4
161
abar
anni
k@us
aid.
gov
Cha
rles
Her
nick
The
Cad
mus
Gro
up, I
nc.
Offi
ce: +
1 70
3 24
7 61
93 |
Cel
l: +1
617
935
94
16ch
arle
s.he
rnic
k.@
cadm
usgr
oup.
com
Glo
bal E
nvir
onm
enta
l Man
agem
ent
Supp
ort
GE
MS)
Pro
ject
GE
MSC
OR
ET
eam
@ca
dmus
grou
p.co
m
And
rei D
. Bar
anni
kR
egio
nal E
nvir
onm
enta
l Adv
iser
for
Cen
tral
an
d So
uth
Asi
a, a
nd fo
rO
ffice
of A
fgha
nist
an a
nd P
akis
tan
Affa
irs
Land
line
: 1.2
02.7
12.4
161
abar
anni
k@us
aid.
gov
Cha
rles
Her
nick
The
Cad
mus
Gro
up, I
nc.
Offi
ce: +
1 70
3 24
7 61
93 |
Cel
l: +1
617
935
94
16ch
arle
s.he
rnic
k.@
cadm
usgr
oup.
com
Glo
bal E
nvir
onm
enta
l Man
agem
ent
Supp
ort
GE
MS)
Pro
ject
GE
MSC
OR
ET
eam
@ca
dmus
grou
p.co
m
7/11
/201
61
Envi
ronm
enta
l Ass
essm
ent
(EA
) O
verv
iew
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
SSES
SMEN
TS
–SC
OPI
NG
Whe
n an
IEE
incl
udes
a P
ositi
ve T
hres
hold
Dec
isio
n, t
he n
eed
to p
repa
re a
Sco
ping
Sta
tem
enti
s tr
igge
red.
A S
copi
ng S
tate
men
t:
The
Sco
ping
proc
ess
invo
lves
:
•D
eter
min
ing
the
scop
e an
d si
gnifi
canc
e of
issu
es
•El
imin
atin
g is
sues
tha
t do
not
req
uire
furt
her
cons
ider
atio
n
•Es
tabl
ishi
ng t
he ti
min
g of
, for
mat
var
iatio
ns t
o, a
nd s
ched
ule
for
the
EA
•D
escr
ibin
g th
e an
alyt
ical
app
roac
h to
be
take
n an
d th
e di
scip
lines
to
be u
tiliz
ed
2
Iden
tifie
s th
e sig
nific
ant i
ssue
s re
late
d to
a p
ropo
sed
activ
ity, a
nd e
stab
lishe
s th
e sc
ope
of th
e iss
ues
to b
e ad
dres
sed
in th
e En
viron
men
tal A
sses
smen
t (EA
) or
PEA
The
Sco
ping
Sta
tem
ent
ultim
atel
y de
term
ines
whe
ther
an
EA w
ill b
e ne
cess
ary
both
to
ensu
re e
nviro
nmen
tally
sou
nd d
esig
n an
d m
anag
emen
t an
d pr
oper
ly fu
lfill
the
22 C
FR 2
16
requ
irem
ents
for
the
give
n ac
tivity
.
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
SSES
SMEN
TS
–R
EQU
IREM
ENT
S
The
Env
ironm
enta
l Ass
essm
ent
22 C
FR 2
16 d
efin
es a
n EA
as:
22 C
FR 2
16 c
hara
cter
izes
a P
EA a
s:
3
A de
taile
d st
udy
of th
e re
ason
ably
fore
seea
ble
signi
fican
t effe
cts,
both
ben
efici
al
and
adve
rse,
of a
pro
pose
d ac
tion
on th
e en
viron
men
t of a
fore
ign
coun
try
or
coun
trie
s
An E
A m
eant
“to
asse
ss...
the
envir
onm
enta
l im
pact
s th
at a
re g
ener
ic or
co
mm
on to
a c
lass
of a
genc
y ac
tions
.”
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
SSES
SMEN
TS
–R
EQU
IREM
ENT
S
Libe
ria
RIS
E PE
A Te
am:
Te
am L
eade
r/En
viro
nmen
tal S
peci
alis
t, Fo
rest
er,
Roa
d/C
ivil
Engi
neer
, EIA
Spe
cial
ist,
Soci
al S
peci
alis
t, Lo
cal
Envi
ronm
enta
l Exp
ert
Geo
rgia
Res
tori
ng E
ffici
ency
to
Agr
icul
tura
l Pr
oduc
tion
(REA
P) P
EA Te
am
Te
am L
eade
r, Agr
icul
tura
l Spe
cial
ist,
Soci
al S
peci
alis
t, EI
A
Spec
ialis
t, Lo
cal E
nviro
nmen
tal E
xper
t
afla
safe
PEA
Tea
m
Te
am L
eade
r, Agr
onom
ist,
Plan
t G
enet
icis
t, R
isk
Ass
esso
r, Fo
od S
afet
y Sp
ecia
list,
EIA
Spe
cial
ist,
Loca
l En
viro
nmen
tal E
xper
t
4
Proc
ess
Req
uire
men
ts
1.M
ulti
-Dis
cipl
inar
y Te
amal
low
s fo
r exp
ert a
nalys
is ta
ilore
d to
the
natu
re o
f th
e pr
opos
ed a
ctivi
ty (s
ee e
xam
ples
at r
ight
)
2.C
olla
bora
tion
wit
h A
ffec
ted
Nat
ion(
s)en
sure
com
plia
nce
and
alig
nmen
t with
hos
t-cou
ntry
en
viron
men
tal r
egul
atio
ns a
nd E
IA p
roto
col.
1.Pu
blic
/Sta
keho
lder
Con
sult
atio
nen
gage
men
t with
rele
vant
nat
iona
l, reg
iona
l, and
lo
cal g
over
nmen
t offi
cials,
min
istrie
s, an
d/or
age
ncie
s, in
tend
ed re
cipie
nts/
bene
ficia
ries,
and
rele
vant
as
socia
ted
inst
itutio
ns (e
.g. f
arm
ser
vice
cent
ers
for
agric
ultu
ral s
uppo
rt a
ctivi
ties)
22 C
FR 2
16.6
est
ablis
hes
the
requ
irem
ents
of t
he E
A fo
r bo
th
CO
NT
EN
Tan
d P
RO
CE
SS
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
SSES
SMEN
TS
–R
EQU
IREM
ENT
S
22 C
FR 2
16.6
est
ablis
hes
the
requ
irem
ents
of t
he E
A fo
r bo
th
CO
NT
ENT
and
PRO
CES
S
5
Cont
ent R
equi
rem
ents
1.
Sum
mar
y2.
Purp
ose
3.Al
tern
ative
s 4.
Affe
cted
Env
ironm
ent
5.En
viron
men
tal C
onse
quen
ces
6.Pr
epar
ers
The
cor
e co
nten
t re
quir
emen
ts m
ust
be m
et,
thou
gh d
iffer
ent
proj
ects
lend
th
emse
lves
to
diff
eren
t ap
proa
ches
, and
incl
ude
a w
ide
rang
e of
too
ls o
r re
sour
ces
for
proj
ect
impl
emen
ters
.
US
FOR
EST
SER
VIC
E T
RIA
NG
LE
EIA
: A F
ram
ewor
k fo
r ES
DM
. Vis
it w
ww
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id.g
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ork/
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ronm
ent/
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plia
nce/
ane/
inde
x.ht
m &
ww
w.e
ncap
afri
ca.o
rg6
EIA
: A F
ram
ewor
k fo
r ES
DM
. Vis
it w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/o
ur_w
ork/
envi
ronm
ent/
com
plia
nce/
ane/
inde
x.ht
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rg7
EIA
: A F
ram
ewor
k fo
r ES
DM
. Vis
it w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/o
ur_w
ork/
envi
ronm
ent/
com
plia
nce/
ane/
inde
x.ht
m &
ww
w.e
ncap
afri
ca.o
rg8
EIA
: A F
ram
ewor
k fo
r ES
DM
. Vis
it w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/o
ur_w
ork/
envi
ronm
ent/
com
plia
nce/
ane/
inde
x.ht
m &
ww
w.e
ncap
afri
ca.o
rg9
EIA
: A F
ram
ewor
k fo
r ES
DM
. Vis
it w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/o
ur_w
ork/
envi
ronm
ent/
com
plia
nce/
ane/
inde
x.ht
m &
ww
w.e
ncap
afri
ca.o
rg10
EIA
: A F
ram
ewor
k fo
r ES
DM
. Vis
it w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/o
ur_w
ork/
envi
ronm
ent/
com
plia
nce/
ane/
inde
x.ht
m &
ww
w.e
ncap
afri
ca.o
rg11
EIA
: A F
ram
ewor
k fo
r ES
DM
. Vis
it w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/o
ur_w
ork/
envi
ronm
ent/
com
plia
nce/
ane/
inde
x.ht
m &
ww
w.e
ncap
afri
ca.o
rg12
EIA
: A F
ram
ewor
k fo
r ES
DM
. Vis
it w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/o
ur_w
ork/
envi
ronm
ent/
com
plia
nce/
ane/
inde
x.ht
m &
ww
w.e
ncap
afri
ca.o
rg13
EIA
: A F
ram
ewor
k fo
r ES
DM
. Vis
it w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/o
ur_w
ork/
envi
ronm
ent/
com
plia
nce/
ane/
inde
x.ht
m &
ww
w.e
ncap
afri
ca.o
rg14
KELLY RAMUNDO, USAID
7/11
/201
615
Tha
nk y
ouT
hank
you
7/11
/201
61
ESIA
s fo
r La
rge
Scal
e In
fras
truc
ture
:Ene
rgy
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
7/11
/201
62
•U
nder
stan
d im
port
ance
of c
onst
ruct
ion
activ
ities
in U
SAID
pro
gram
min
g
–U
SAID
fund
ed fa
ciliti
es, b
uild
ings
, and
infra
stru
ctur
e m
ust b
e de
signe
d/co
nstru
cted
to
appr
opria
te e
ngin
eerin
g st
anda
rds
to m
inim
ize
risk
to h
uman
s an
d en
viron
men
t
•C
hara
cter
ize
pote
ntia
l adv
erse
impa
cts
of c
onst
ruct
ion
activ
ities
.
•D
iscu
ss U
SAID
app
roac
h to
ass
essi
ng a
nd m
itiga
ting
impa
cts
+ pr
epar
atio
n of
co
mpl
ianc
e do
cum
enta
tion.
•U
nder
stan
d co
nstr
uctio
n “b
est
prac
tices
” fr
om p
artn
er p
ersp
ectiv
e, c
onsi
der
evol
ving
nee
ds.
SESS
ION
OBJ
ECT
IVES
:
•SM
ALL
SC
ALE
C
ON
STRU
CT
ION
–To
tal “
dist
urbe
d ar
ea”
of le
ss
than
100
0m2 .
–Ty
pes
of s
mal
l-sca
le
cons
truc
tion:
•R
oad
reha
bilit
atio
n (e
.g.,
< 10
K
M r
ural
mar
ket
feed
er r
oads
)•
Reh
ab o
f sch
ools
and
hea
lth
clin
ics
(e.g
., m
edic
al w
aste
in
cine
rato
rs).
•W
areh
ouse
/sto
rage
uni
ts.
•W
ASH
pro
ject
s (e
.g.,
bore
hole
s, la
trin
es).
7/11
/201
63
SMA
LL S
CA
LE V
S LA
RG
E SC
ALE
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
NLA
RG
E SC
ALE
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
N
–N
ew, p
aved
roa
ds
–H
ospi
tals
.
–A
gric
ultu
ral w
areh
ouse
s; ph
arm
aceu
tical
sto
rage
; col
d st
orag
e.
–La
rge
WA
SH m
unic
ipal
pro
ject
s, e.
g., w
ater
tre
atm
ent
faci
litie
s, flo
od p
rote
ctio
n fo
r cl
imat
e re
silie
ncy.
7/11
/201
64
SMA
LL S
CA
LE V
S LA
RG
E SC
ALE
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
N
•D
istu
rban
ce t
o ex
istin
g la
ndsc
ape/
habi
tat;
deve
geta
tion
•Se
dim
enta
tion/
foul
ing
of s
urfa
ce w
ater
s
•St
andi
ng w
ater
•Ex
cess
wat
er u
se
•C
onta
min
atio
n of
gro
und
and
wat
er s
uppl
ies
–Se
ptic
tan
k is
sues
.
•O
ccup
atio
nal a
nd c
omm
unity
hea
lth a
nd s
afet
y ha
zard
s
•In
crea
sed
air
and
nois
e po
llutio
n
•A
dver
se im
pact
s of
mat
eria
ls s
ourc
ing
•D
amag
e to
sen
sitiv
e or
val
uabl
e ec
osys
tem
s
•C
ompa
ctio
n of
the
soi
l and
gra
ding
of t
he s
ite
7/11
/201
65
DIR
ECT,
AD
VER
SE IM
PAC
TS
OF
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
N
•U
se o
f uns
usta
inab
ly e
xtra
cted
tim
ber
•D
ispl
acem
ent
of p
opul
atio
ns
•W
orke
r im
pact
s
–W
aste
man
agem
ent
issu
es
–Sp
read
of d
isea
se
•D
amag
e to
aes
thet
ics
of s
ite/a
rea
•Po
tent
ial a
dver
se im
pact
s on
wor
kers
•In
-mig
ratio
n of
pop
ulat
ion
to t
ake
adva
ntag
e of
new
infr
astr
uctu
re s
uch
as
scho
ols
or h
ealth
pos
ts
•Ef
fect
s on
fish
spa
wni
ng a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith s
iltat
ion
of s
trea
ms
from
soi
l er
osio
n at
a c
onst
ruct
ion
site
•T
he s
prea
d of
dis
ease
from
inse
ct v
ecto
rs b
reed
ing
in fl
oode
d an
d ab
ando
ned
quar
ries
and
bor
row
pits
•In
effic
ient
/non
-ren
ewab
le e
nerg
y us
e
7/11
/201
66
AD
DIT
ION
AL
IMPA
CT
S O
F C
ON
STRU
CT
ION
•A
ppro
pria
te s
iting
.
•En
viro
nmen
tal c
ompl
ianc
e be
st p
ract
ices
.
–R
eveg
etat
ion
•oc
cupa
tiona
l hea
lth a
nd s
afet
y co
mpl
ianc
e be
st p
ract
ices
.
•M
onito
r en
viro
nmen
t, he
alth
and
saf
ety
perf
orm
ance
.
–W
ater
qua
lity
mon
itori
ng, u
sage
.
7/11
/201
67
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
N P
RIN
CIP
LES/
MIT
IGAT
ION
MEA
SUR
ES•
Min
imiz
e gr
eenh
ouse
gas
em
issi
ons
and
adap
t to
clim
ate
chan
ge b
y m
inim
izin
g vu
lner
abili
ty t
hrou
gh
proj
ect
desi
gn.
•U
se o
f alte
rnat
ive/
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y.
•Pr
actic
e en
viro
nmen
tally
and
soc
ially
re
spon
sibl
e co
nstr
uctio
n co
ntra
ctin
g.
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E8
USA
IDC
ON
STRU
CT
ION
SU
RVEY
AN
D W
OR
KIN
G G
ROU
P
$5.6
Billi
on
Estim
ated
Con
stru
ctio
n Va
lue
June
1, 2
011-
June
30,
201
3
7/11
/201
69
USA
ID C
onst
ruct
ion
Aw
ards
(201
1-20
13)
•Pa
rt o
f the
larg
er “K
anda
har
Hel
man
d Po
wer
Pro
ject
” ac
tivity
•U
SAID
-Fun
ded
proj
ect:
$75
mill
ion
•In
itiat
ed D
ecem
ber
2010
•IP
s: G
FA a
nd t
he A
fgha
nG
over
nmen
t
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E10
EXA
MPL
E: K
AJA
KID
AM
TU
RBI
NE
2 IN
STA
LLAT
ION
•Lo
cate
d in
Hel
man
d pr
ovin
ce a
t th
e si
te o
f a
dam
firs
t in
stal
led
by r
oyal
go
vern
men
t in
1950
s
•H
ydro
elec
tric
tur
bine
s in
stal
led
by U
SAID
in
1975
, onl
y tu
rbin
es 1
and
3
curr
ently
ope
ratio
nal
•R
eser
voir
cap
acity
: 1.0
1 bi
llion
m3
•El
ectr
ical
cap
acity
with
out
turb
ine
2: 3
3 M
W
–C
onst
ruct
ion
will
br
ing
elec
tric
al
capa
city
to
51 M
W
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E11
EXA
MPL
E: K
AJA
KID
AM
UN
IT 2
INST
ALL
ATIO
N
7/11
/201
612
EXA
MPL
E: K
AJA
KID
AM
UN
IT 2
INST
ALL
ATIO
NPo
tent
ial i
mpa
cts:
•Se
curi
ty
–M
onito
ring
–U
nexp
lode
d O
rdin
ance
s
•C
onst
ruct
ion
in a
riv
er:
–D
iver
sion
–Po
llutio
n
–Fu
rthe
r ag
itatin
g th
e w
ater
flo
w
•W
aste
man
agem
ent
•La
nd c
lear
ing
and
defo
rest
atio
n
•Fi
re r
isk:
very
dry
are
a
How
ever
, as
plan
ned,
no “n
ew”
build
ings
or l
and
will
be c
lear
ed
Cum
ulat
ive: I
ncre
ased
ele
ctric
al c
apac
ity: n
eed
trans
miss
ion
lines
Cha
lleng
es•
Secu
rity
•H
ow d
id th
is ef
fect
abi
lity
to fo
llow
env
ironm
enta
l com
plia
nce
proc
edur
es?
–A
sses
smen
t
–M
onito
ring
–M
itiga
tion
•D
elay
•En
suri
ng s
usta
ined
be
nefit
s
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E13
EXA
MPL
E: K
AJA
KID
AM
UN
IT 2
INST
ALL
ATIO
N
7/11
/201
614
Succ
esse
s:•
Esta
blis
hed
cam
p at
Kaj
aki
•C
ompl
eted
det
aile
d as
sess
men
t an
d in
vent
ory
of u
nit
2 pa
rs
stor
ed a
t K
ajak
iand
long
ter
m
proc
urem
ents
for
the
unit
•Su
cces
sful
ly s
olic
ited
inst
alla
tion
of t
he u
nit
to r
egio
nal f
irm
s be
fore
tra
nsiti
on t
o th
e A
fgha
n go
vern
men
t
•R
elat
ed p
roje
cts
have
incr
ease
d ge
nera
tion
and
upgr
aded
tr
ansm
issi
on in
Kan
daha
r ci
ty
EXA
MPL
E: K
AJA
KID
AM
UN
IT 2
INST
ALL
ATIO
N
Back
grou
nd
•$9
70 M
illio
n
•M
ediu
m a
nd H
igh
volta
ge t
rans
mis
sion
line
s in
nor
th e
ast
and
sout
h Ea
st
•U
pgra
de o
f exi
stin
g tr
ansm
issi
on li
nes
sub
stat
ions
, dis
trib
utio
n
•U
pdat
e of
exi
stin
g po
wer
faci
litie
s
•N
ew t
rans
mis
sion
, dis
trib
utio
n, a
ndsu
b st
atio
ns t
o co
nnec
t N
orth
Eas
tan
d So
uth
East
•Li
nes
will
be
alon
g ex
istin
g ro
ad w
ays
•G
eogr
aphi
c sc
ale:
Kab
ul t
o K
anda
har
7/11
/201
615
EXA
MPL
E: P
OW
ER T
RA
NSM
ISSI
ON
AN
D
CO
NN
ECT
IVIT
Y (P
TEC
)
7/11
/201
616
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E17
Envi
ronm
enta
l Con
cern
s•
Land
ten
ure
•A
esth
etic
impa
cts
•A
gric
ultu
ral i
mpa
cts
•Sp
ills
of h
azar
dous
mat
eria
ls
•C
reat
ion
of e
lect
ric
and
mag
netic
fiel
ds
•D
istu
rban
ce o
f hab
itat
of e
ndan
gere
d sp
ecie
s
•Ea
rthq
uake
s an
d ot
her
disa
ster
s
•C
onfli
ct
Cum
ulat
ive?
7/11
/201
618
EXA
MPL
E: P
TEC
•ES
IA fo
r la
rge
scal
e in
fras
truc
ture
con
stru
ctio
n: fo
cus
on E
nerg
y ge
nera
tion
tran
smis
sion
and
dis
trib
utio
nW
e m
ay b
e ab
le t
o ad
apt
the
Cum
ulat
ive
Impa
cts
sess
ion
so t
hat
is u
ses
ener
gy a
s an
exa
mpl
e
•ca
n us
e th
e sc
opin
g st
atem
ent
exam
ples
in t
he fo
lder
•W
e m
ay b
e ab
le t
o ad
apt
the
Cum
ulat
ive
Impa
cts
sess
ion
so t
hat
is
uses
ene
rgy
as a
n ex
ampl
e
•K
ajak
idam
: htt
ps://
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/new
s-in
form
atio
n/ph
oto-
galle
ry/s
uppl
ying
-ele
ctri
city
-sou
th
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E19
ESIA
FO
R L
AR
GE
SCA
LE IN
FRA
STRU
CT
UR
E
Impa
cts
that
res
ult
from
the
su
cces
sive
, inc
rem
enta
l, an
d/or
co
mbi
ned
effe
cts
of a
n ac
tion,
pro
ject
, or
act
ivity
whe
n ad
ded
to o
ther
ex
istin
g, pl
anne
d, a
nd/o
r re
ason
ably
an
ticip
ated
futu
re o
nes.
20
Nepa
l Hydropo
wer: cum
ulative im
pacts
CU
MU
LAT
IVE
IMPA
CT
S
KEY
PO
INT
S
C
ombi
ned,
incr
emen
tal e
ffect
s of
hum
an a
ctiv
ity (
spat
ial o
r te
mpo
ral)
A
ccum
ulat
e ov
er t
ime
from
on
e or
mor
e so
urce
s
May
be
bene
ficia
l or
adve
rse
Impl
emen
ting
IEE/
EA C
ondi
tions
. Visi
t w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/o
ur_w
ork/
envi
ronm
ent/
com
plia
nce/
ane/
inde
x.ht
m &
ww
w.e
ncap
afri
ca.o
rg21
*Ind
ividua
l minor actions th
at are insign
ificant on their o
wn can collectively
result in sign
ificant im
pacts o
ver a
period of time.
WH
Y C
ON
SID
ER C
UM
ULA
TIV
E IM
PAC
TS?
Re
quire
d un
der U
S NEPA
An
d thus in
22 CFR 21
6 do
cumen
ts
Requ
ired elem
ent o
f MDB
ESIA stud
ies
Re
quire
d un
der m
ost h
ost cou
ntry ESIA laws
and regulatio
ns
Well‐e
stablishe
d elem
ent o
f ESIA good
practice
Not doing
so can
lead
to se
rious failures o
f de
velopm
ent
even
at small scales
22
Source: FAO
: duckw
eed treatm
ent o
f biode
gester efflue
nt
KELLY RAMUNDO, USAID
7/11
/201
623
Tha
nk y
ouT
hank
you
7/11
/201
61
ROA
DS:
OPE
RAT
ION
AN
D
MA
INT
ENA
NC
E
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
•Im
prov
ed a
cces
s =
bene
fits
acro
ss e
cono
mic
sec
tors
•Se
rvic
e de
liver
y
–H
ealth
–Fo
od a
ssis
tanc
e
–Ed
ucat
ion
•C
onne
ct m
arke
ts
•Tr
ansf
er o
f kno
wle
dge
•In
crea
sed
empl
oym
ent
•G
reat
er t
ouri
sm p
oten
tial
•G
reat
er c
ompe
titio
n w
ithin
indu
stri
es =
low
er p
rice
s, m
ore
inno
vatio
n
ROA
DS
AN
D D
EVEL
OPM
ENT
•So
il Er
osio
n
•D
egra
datio
n of
wat
er q
ualit
y
•Ex
acer
bate
wat
er s
carc
ity
•A
ltere
d hy
drol
ogy
and
Floo
ding
•D
efor
esta
tion
•D
amag
e to
val
uabl
e ec
osys
tem
s
•D
amag
e to
sce
nic
qual
ity a
nd t
ouri
sm
•A
dver
se im
pact
s on
hum
an h
ealth
and
saf
ety
•C
hang
es t
o lo
cal c
ultu
re a
nd s
ocie
ty
POT
ENT
IAL
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L IM
PAC
TS
•R
oads
in h
illy
or s
teep
ter
rain
with
out f
ollo
win
g co
ntou
rs o
r m
inim
izin
g gr
ades
•D
o no
t ha
ve s
uffic
ient
dra
inag
e
•W
ater
col
lect
s, ca
usin
g er
osio
n
•C
omm
on w
ith h
eavy
cla
y so
ils, i
n w
etla
nds,
aban
done
d ro
ads,
bar
ren
area
s
SOIL
ERO
SIO
N
Mit
igat
ion:
ap
prop
riat
e dr
aina
ge, g
radi
ent
cont
rol
•R
oads
cre
ate
mor
e im
perm
eabl
e su
rfac
es
•So
il er
osio
n +
silta
tion
of n
earb
y w
ater
bodi
es
•In
dire
ct im
pact
: roa
ds in
crea
sing
ag
deve
lopm
ent
•R
unof
f fro
m r
oads
•Pu
ddle
s +
mos
quito
s
•C
onst
ruct
ion
incr
ease
s du
st, s
ilt, a
nd c
onta
min
ants
in lo
cal w
ater
way
s
DEG
RA
DAT
ION
OF
WAT
ER Q
UA
LIT
YM
itig
atio
n:
appr
opri
ate
drai
nage
, ret
entio
n ba
sins
, set
tling
po
nds
•R
oad
repa
ir a
nd c
onst
ruct
ion
requ
ires
wat
er:
–C
ompa
ct s
urfa
ce
–M
ix c
oncr
ete
•C
an b
e ve
ry im
pact
ful
in a
rid
/ sem
i-ari
d ar
eas
•R
oads
can
act
like
dam
s
•Po
orly
inst
alle
d cu
lver
tsin
wet
are
as c
an
conc
entr
ate
wat
er a
nd
form
gul
lies
AD
VER
SE E
FFEC
TS
ON
WAT
ER Q
UA
NT
ITY
/ A
LTER
ED H
YD
ROLO
GY
Mit
igat
ion:
ap
prop
riat
e dr
aina
ge, r
eten
tion
basi
ns, s
ettli
ng
pond
s
•G
ener
al r
isks
ass
ocia
ted
with
bor
row
pits
:
–If
not
wel
l pla
nned
, can
pos
e th
reat
s fr
om d
row
ning
in q
uarr
y pi
ts
to fa
lling
from
qua
rry
face
s
–Pi
ts a
re o
ften
left
uncl
osed
bec
ause
the
ext
ent
of t
he r
esou
rce
was
ne
ver
dete
rmin
ed
–Ve
ctor
-bor
ne d
isea
ses
can
spre
ad w
hen
stag
nant
wat
er
accu
mul
ates
in t
he p
its
–M
ay c
reat
e cr
ater
s th
at b
reed
mos
quito
s or
oth
er in
sect
s
–Po
orly
man
aged
bor
row
pits
can
dim
inis
h an
are
a’s a
esth
etic
val
ue
–H
owev
er, i
t sh
ould
be
note
d th
at b
orro
w p
its in
Afg
hani
stan
pos
e le
ss o
f a t
hrea
t th
an in
e.g
., Afr
ica,
beca
use
they
are
usu
ally
es
tabl
ishe
d in
dry
riv
er b
eds
and
tend
to
be s
mal
l
BOR
ROW
PIT
S
•C
an r
esul
t in
incr
ease
s in
eco
nom
ic a
ctiv
ity t
hat
puts
pre
ssur
e on
fo
rest
s
–U
ncon
trol
led
agri
cultu
ral e
xpan
sion
–T
imbe
r ex
trac
tion
–C
harc
oal
–C
onst
ruct
ion
mat
eria
ls
•M
ay d
isru
pt in
tegr
ity o
f im
port
ant e
cosy
stem
s (h
abita
t fr
agm
enta
tion)
•In
trod
uctio
n of
non
-nat
ive
spec
ies
•Po
achi
ng a
nd t
rapp
ing
•A
ny s
ceni
c da
mag
e (q
uarr
ies,
mat
eria
ls e
tc.)
coul
d da
mag
e cu
rren
t an
d fu
ture
pot
entia
l for
tou
rism
DEF
OR
ESTA
TIO
N, D
AM
AG
E TO
EC
OSY
STEM
S A
ND
SC
ENIC
VA
LUE
Mit
igat
ion:
•
Stak
ehol
der
cons
ulta
tion,
•C
onsi
dera
tion
of
ecos
yste
m s
ervi
ces
duri
ng p
lann
ing
•D
ust
and
nois
e
•A
dver
se im
pact
s of
incr
ease
d co
ntac
t w
ith o
utsi
ders
•Sp
read
of w
ater
-bor
ne d
isea
se
•Tr
affic
haz
ards
•R
oad
wor
k ha
zard
s
AD
VER
SE IM
PAC
TS
ON
H
UM
AN
HEA
LTH
AN
D S
AFE
TY
Mit
igat
ion:
•
Avo
id b
uild
ing
duri
ng d
ry
seas
on, w
et d
irt
surf
aces
•Es
tabl
ish
a m
inim
um
dist
ance
from
inha
bite
d ar
eas
•St
akeh
olde
r co
nsul
tatio
n•
Educ
ate
wor
kers
on
loca
l cu
lture
and
dis
ease
pr
even
tion
•El
imin
ate
stan
ding
wat
er
•Lo
ng-t
erm
impa
ct o
f roa
ds d
epen
dent
on
resi
lienc
e of
roa
ds
•N
eed
to p
repa
re fo
r cl
imat
e ch
ange
:
–H
eat
expa
nsio
n an
d so
fteni
ng o
f pav
emen
t
–In
crea
se in
sto
rms
dam
agin
g ro
ads
•Pr
epar
e fo
r ea
rthq
uake
s
CLI
MAT
E C
HA
NG
E / E
MER
GEN
CIE
S A
ND
RO
AD
S
Mit
igat
ion:
•
Build
roa
ds to
be
flood
and
ea
rthq
uake
res
ilien
t•
App
ropr
iate
dra
inag
e an
d ri
gidi
ty
•R
ehab
ilita
tion
of 1
03 K
m o
f unp
aved
, non
-mai
ntai
ned,
hig
h gr
ade
road
be
twee
n G
arde
zan
d K
hist
in t
he N
orth
Eas
t
•A
ccom
plis
hmen
ts a
s of
Apr
il 20
15
–73
km w
ere
com
plet
ed a
s of
Apr
il 20
15, a
nd
–R
oad
traf
fic h
as a
lread
y in
crea
sed
to 3
,000
veh
icle
s pe
r da
y
–Tr
avel
tim
e ha
s re
duce
d fr
om 6
-7 h
ours
for
pass
enge
r ca
rs a
nd 1
0 ho
urs
for
truc
ks,
to 3
.5 h
ours
for
cars
and
5 h
ours
for
truc
ks
GH
AR
DEZ
-KH
OST
ROA
D R
EHA
BILI
TAT
ION
•C
ut a
nd fi
ll
–Se
lect
less
ero
dibl
e m
ater
ials
and
incl
ude
rock
bar
rier
s (r
ipra
p an
d ga
bion
s) fo
r cu
lver
ts, d
isch
arge
zon
es, d
rain
s, si
de s
lope
s
–A
void
cut
slo
pes
and
emba
nkm
ents
with
sev
ere
angl
e
–Ba
lanc
e cu
t w
ith fi
ll
–St
abili
ze e
mba
nkm
ent
slop
es
•Q
uarr
ies
and
crus
hers
–Lo
cate
d at
leas
t 50
0 m
eter
s fr
om u
rban
are
as a
nd o
utsi
de a
gric
ultu
ral
land
s
–N
ot lo
cate
d on
fore
sted
land
s
–Lo
cate
d on
gov
ernm
ent
owne
d la
nd
GA
RD
EZ-K
HO
STRO
AD
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
N
MIT
IGAT
ION
: TO
POG
RA
PHY
•Bo
rrow
pits
–Lo
cate
d ou
tsid
e th
e RO
W
–C
oord
inat
e co
nstr
uctio
n to
ens
ure
min
imal
dig
ging
–G
rade
d to
ens
ure
drai
nage
–Sa
ve t
opso
il fo
r re
-veg
etat
ion
–C
onsu
ltatio
n w
ith lo
cal c
omm
uniti
es o
n fil
ling
or m
aint
aini
ng
borr
ow p
its
–R
esto
ratio
n in
an
envi
ronm
enta
lly s
ound
man
ner:
reve
geta
tion
and
stab
iliza
tion
GA
RD
EZ-K
HO
STRO
AD
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
N
MIT
IGAT
ION
: TO
POG
RA
PHY
•Im
pact
s to
agr
icul
tura
l lan
d: r
oad
rout
e ch
ange
s sh
ould
inte
rfer
e as
litt
le a
s po
ssib
le w
ith a
gric
ultu
ral l
and
•Er
osio
n
–Sp
ill w
ays
lined
with
rip
rap
–M
inim
ize
land
cle
arin
g
–A
ppro
pria
te d
rain
age,
lin
ed a
nd c
onto
urs
–D
itche
s sh
all b
e co
nstr
ucte
d ne
ar t
he t
op o
f the
bac
k of
slo
pes
–Sl
ope
surf
aces
sha
ped
for
seed
ling
surv
ival
–A
ppro
pria
te r
eveg
etat
ion
(spe
cies
, tim
e of
yea
r, be
gin
as s
oon
as w
ork
is
com
plet
ed)
•Sp
ills/
leak
s: R
equi
re c
ontin
genc
y pl
ans
GA
RD
EZK
HO
STRO
AD
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
N
MIT
IGAT
ION
: SO
ILS
•Su
rfac
e H
ydro
logy
–N
o to
ols
or m
achi
nery
sha
ll be
was
hed
in w
ater
sou
rce
or a
reas
tha
t dr
ain
into
wat
er b
odie
s
–R
ain
run-
off f
rom
the
con
stru
ctio
n si
tes
shal
l not
dra
in in
to e
xist
ing
wat
er b
odie
s
–A
ll fa
cilit
ies
loca
ted
at le
ast
50 m
eter
s fr
om w
ater
bod
ies
–W
eekl
y in
spec
tion
of e
quip
men
t fo
r le
aks
–A
ny in
terf
eren
ce w
ith ir
riga
tion
wat
ers
requ
ires
agre
emen
t w
ith
rele
vant
aut
hori
ties;
irri
gatio
n sh
all b
e re
stor
ed w
ithin
24
hour
s
–C
onst
ruct
ion,
mai
nten
ance
, rem
oval
and
rei
nsta
tem
ent o
f nec
essa
ry
drai
nage
equ
ipm
ent
•Su
bsur
face
hyd
rolo
gy: p
reve
nt in
terf
eren
ce a
nd p
ollu
tion
of u
nder
grou
nd
wat
er
GA
RD
EZK
HO
STRO
AD
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
N
MIT
IGAT
ION
: HY
DRO
LOG
Y
•If
deem
ed n
eces
sary
, mon
itor
air
qual
ity b
efor
e co
nstr
uctio
n to
pro
vide
ba
selin
e
•R
outin
e ai
r qu
ality
mon
itori
ng in
are
as o
f hig
h im
pact
•A
spha
lt an
d ho
t m
ix p
lant
s 50
0+ m
aw
ay fr
om s
ensi
tive
area
s
•Em
issi
on /
pollu
tion
cont
rols
on
equi
pmen
t
•Sp
ray
surf
aces
moi
st fo
r du
st c
ontr
ol
•C
over
tru
cks
with
tar
ps t
o av
oid
spill
ing
•N
o op
en b
urni
ng in
pop
ulat
ed a
reas
GA
RD
EZK
HO
STRO
AD
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
N
MIT
IGAT
ION
: AIR
QU
ALI
TY
•La
nd u
se: p
roje
ct a
ffect
ed p
erso
ns w
ill b
e id
entif
ied
and
com
pens
ated
•A
ll su
b co
ntra
ctor
s re
quire
d to
pro
vide
bas
ic e
mer
genc
y he
alth
fa
cilit
ies
for
wor
kers
and
pro
vide
pro
gram
min
g on
ST
D
•Tr
affic
con
trol
pla
ns a
nd a
ppro
pria
te b
y-pa
sses
•M
ake
all n
eces
sary
mea
sure
s to
pro
tect
any
una
ntic
ipat
ed fi
nds
of
hist
oric
impo
rtan
ce, i
nclu
ding
sus
pens
ion
of w
ork
•Pu
blic
not
ifica
tion
of c
onst
ruct
ion
oper
atio
ns
•N
oise
mon
itori
ng a
nd m
inim
izat
ion
•Su
rvey
and
iden
tifie
d al
l exi
stin
g in
fras
truc
ture
; dam
age
to e
xist
ing
infr
astr
uctu
re is
the
con
trac
tor’s
res
pons
ibili
ty
GA
RD
EZK
HO
STRO
AD
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
N
MIT
IGAT
ION
: SO
CIA
L IM
PAC
TS
•A
ll st
ruct
ures
will
hav
e ea
rthq
uake
load
ing
inco
rpor
ated
in d
esig
n
•N
o w
orks
sha
ll pr
ocee
d un
til a
rea
has
been
de-
min
ed
•A
ll im
port
ant f
eatu
res
are
prop
erly
cite
d du
ring
con
stru
ctio
n
GA
RD
EZK
HO
STRO
AD
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
N
MIT
IGAT
ION
: EC
OSY
STEM
S A
ND
DIS
AST
ER
Wha
t’s m
issi
ng?
Brea
k ou
t in
to g
roup
s to
dis
cuss
!
GA
RD
EZ-K
HO
STRO
AD
CO
NST
RUC
TIO
N
MIT
IGAT
ION
7/11
/201
626
Tha
nk y
ouT
hank
you
7/11
/201
61
Scop
ing
Stat
emen
ts in
Det
ail
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
•W
hat
is S
copi
ng?
•W
hen
is s
copi
ng a
ppro
pria
te?
•W
ho s
houl
d be
invo
lved
?
•W
ho p
ays?
•Se
ttin
g th
e st
age
•Pr
oduc
ts o
f Sco
ping
OBJ
ECT
IVES
2
3
AH
HH
, N
OT
AN
EA
!?!?
!
Det
erm
ine
the
cont
ent
and
exte
nt o
f mat
ter
whi
ch s
houl
d be
cov
ered
in
the
info
rmat
ion
subm
itted
to
the
auth
ority
for
proj
ects
sub
ject
ed t
o th
e EI
A.
Cri
tical
bec
ause
the
Sco
ping
:
•A
llow
s fo
r an
ass
essm
ent
of d
ata
•Fo
cuse
s on
the
mos
t pe
rtin
ent
issu
es
•Pr
opos
es a
ltern
ativ
es fo
r th
e de
velo
per
•C
an b
e us
ed fo
r th
e sc
ope
of w
ork
(SO
W)
•Id
entif
ies
earl
y ob
stac
les
•Ju
stifi
es th
e al
loca
tion
of r
esou
rces
•O
pens
a d
ialo
gue
with
hos
t co
untr
y EI
A o
ffici
als
SCO
PIN
G A
SSES
SMEN
T
4
CO
NT
ENT
IN R
ELAT
ION
TO
TH
E EA
•ID
typ
e of
impa
cts
to b
e in
vest
igat
ed•
Alte
rnat
ives
•Ba
selin
e su
rvey
s•
Met
hods
and
cri
teri
a•
Con
sulta
tions
•St
ruct
ure,
leng
th, a
nd
cont
ent
Full
EA
•Sc
ope
•Pu
blic
invo
lvem
ent
•D
escr
ibe/
Eval
uate
bas
elin
e si
tuat
ion
•Pu
rpos
e &
Nee
d•
Des
crip
tion
of t
he P
ropo
sed
Act
ion
•Id
entif
y &
ana
lyze
alte
rnat
ives
•Id
entif
y an
d ch
arac
teri
ze p
oten
tial i
mpa
cts
of p
ropo
sed
activ
ity a
nd e
ach
alte
rnat
ive
•D
evel
op m
itiga
tion
and
mon
itori
ng p
lan
•C
omm
unic
ate
and
docu
men
t
Scop
ing
Whe
n E
RF’
s sc
reen
ing
indi
cate
s an
act
ivity
is h
igh
risk
WH
EN IS
A F
ULL
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
ASS
ESSM
ENT
NEE
DED
?
Whe
n an
IEE
’s pr
elim
inar
y as
sess
men
t in
dica
tes
that
sig
nific
ant
adve
rse
impa
cts
are
poss
ible
(pos
itive
det
erm
inat
ion)
*
1
*But
we
still
rec
omm
end
doin
g a
prel
imin
ary
asse
ssm
ent!
Dur
ing
PAD
deve
lopm
ent,
the
tea
m p
ropo
ses
activ
ities
whi
ch fa
ll w
ithin
the
hig
h ri
sk c
ateg
ory.
32
Use
d to
ass
ess,
defin
e an
d pr
iori
tize
pote
ntia
l en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts
in
disa
ster
sit
uati
ons,
e.g.
,
Eart
hqua
ke
Fl
ood
T
suna
mi
La
ndsl
ide
Use
d to
ass
ess
the
envi
ronm
enta
l effe
cts
of
a cl
ass
of s
imila
r ac
tion
s, e.
g.,
D
ams,
irri
gatio
n pr
ojec
ts a
nd r
elat
ed
wat
er r
esou
rce
deve
lopm
ent,
Su
stai
nabl
e fo
rest
m
anag
emen
t pl
ans
TY
PES
OF
USA
ID E
AS
Use
d to
ass
ess
the
envi
ronm
enta
l effe
cts
of
a sp
ecifi
c pr
ojec
t or
ac
tion,
e.g
.
An
EA t
o as
sess
a
sing
le d
am o
r ir
riga
tion
proj
ect
A
n EA
to
asse
ss
impa
cts
of a
gas
or
oil p
ipel
ine
The
Env
iron
men
tal
Ass
essm
ent
(EA
)
Pro
gram
mat
ic/
Um
brel
la
Env
iron
men
tal
Ass
essm
ent
(PE
A)*
Rap
idE
nvir
onm
enta
l A
sses
smen
t (R
EA
)*
PRO
CES
S O
F IN
ITIA
TE
A S
CO
PIN
G
1)A
OR
/CO
R/P
rogr
am T
eam
sho
uld
cons
ult
with
the
MEO
2)M
issi
on w
orks
with
par
tner
to
iden
tify:
a)Te
amb)
Cons
ulta
tions
c)Ti
min
gd)
Fund
ing
3)C
olle
ct r
efer
ence
info
rmat
ion
4)C
ondu
ct c
onsu
ltatio
ns5)
Prod
uce
repo
rt6)
Send
for
clea
ranc
es7)
Con
trac
t/C
ondu
ct E
A
FIR
ST S
TEP
S IN
PR
EPA
RIN
G A
N E
A
1 3 4
Pre
pare
Scop
ing
Stat
emen
t
Pre
pare
TO
Rs
Ass
embl
e Te
am
2B
EO
re
view
/ap
prov
al
Scop
ing:
dete
rmin
e si
gnifi
cant
issu
es t
he E
A w
ill
addr
ess.
Scop
ing
stat
emen
t:
Sc
ope
and
sign
ifica
nce
of is
sues
to
be a
naly
zed
Is
sues
tha
t do
not
nee
d to
be
addr
esse
d
Sc
hedu
le a
nd fo
rmat
of E
A, e
xper
tise
need
ed
Pr
opos
ed m
etho
dolo
gy
Pu
blic
invo
lvem
ent
plan
Goo
d en
viro
nmen
tal a
naly
sis
requ
ires
pu
blic
con
sult
atio
n du
ring
sco
ping
.!
EA P
REP
AR
ATIO
N
The
sco
ping
sta
tem
ent
mus
t be
sub
mitt
ed t
o an
d ap
prov
ed b
y th
e Bu
reau
Env
ironm
enta
l Offi
cer
(BEO
).
STR
ON
GLY
RE
CO
MM
EN
DE
D:
Con
sult
with
the
REA
and
BEO
bef
ore
the
star
t th
e Sc
opin
g pr
oces
s.»
Scal
e»
Inte
rest
Lev
el»
Opt
ics
Term
s of
Ref
eren
ce fo
r th
e EA
tea
m a
re b
ased
on
the
type
s of
issu
es a
nd a
naly
sis
requ
ired
by t
he s
copi
ng s
tate
men
t (n
o BE
O
appr
oval
req
uire
d fo
r TO
R)
Ass
embl
e a
team
bas
ed o
n th
e TO
Rs.
Freq
uent
ly re
quire
s co
ntra
ctin
g w
ith o
ne o
r mor
e ex
pert
s, or
an
EA
cons
ultin
g fir
m.
1 3 4
Pre
pare
Scop
ing
Stat
emen
t
Pre
pare
TO
Rs
Ass
embl
e Te
am
2B
EO
re
view
SCO
PIN
G E
A: Z
AM
BIA
CA
SE S
TU
DY
11
RE
DD
+ P
roje
ct:
•G
CC
PA
D 2
012
•Tw
o pr
ovin
ces
–Ea
ster
n an
d M
uchi
nga
•Pi
lot
proj
ect
unde
r an
othe
r aw
ard
with
EM
MP
•In
tere
sted
in e
xpan
ded
activ
ities
to
prev
ent
defo
rest
atio
n an
d pr
omot
e al
tern
ativ
e liv
elih
oods
thr
ough
su
stai
nabl
e fo
rest
man
agem
ent
-C
harc
oalin
g-
NT
FP-
Earl
y bu
rnin
g-
Gam
e ra
nchi
ng
•IE
E is
unc
lear
GC
C P
AD
IEE
12
Act
ivit
yR
ecom
men
ded
Det
erm
inat
ion
Sust
aina
ble
Har
vest
ing
of T
imbe
r an
d Ex
trac
tion
of N
on-T
imbe
r Fo
rest
Pro
duct
sN
egat
ive
Det
erm
inat
ion
with
Con
ditio
ns
for
sub-
proj
ect
envi
ronm
enta
l scr
eeni
ng
and
repo
rtin
g (a
bove
).
Pote
ntia
lly a
Pos
itive
Det
erm
inat
ion
IR 2
.4.1
Inst
itutio
nal a
nd C
olle
ctiv
e/C
omm
unity
Cap
acity
Bui
ldin
g in
Sup
port
of S
usta
inab
le F
ores
try
Live
lihoo
ds•
Trai
ning
s fo
r lo
cal,
prov
inci
al, a
nd n
atio
nal g
over
nmen
t to
bui
ld c
apac
ity in
res
earc
hing
an
d pr
omot
ing
sust
aina
ble
fore
stry
live
lihoo
ds•
Dem
onst
ratio
ns o
n su
stai
nabl
e ch
arco
al p
rodu
ctio
n pr
actic
es, s
mal
l-ani
mal
hus
band
ry,
eco
-tou
rism
, for
est
harv
ests
.Fo
r ex
ampl
e, fo
r th
e de
mo
plot
whe
re y
ou w
ill t
rain
the
com
mun
ity o
n ho
w t
o co
nduc
t th
e co
ppic
ing
your
act
ivity
wou
ld b
e: -D
emon
stra
tion
plot
on
sust
aina
ble
char
coal
pro
duct
ion
prac
tices
. -T
each
ing
com
mun
ity m
embe
rs a
bout
cop
pici
ng t
echn
ique
s an
d fir
e m
anag
emen
t of
ec
ocha
rcoa
lplo
ts. (
this
det
ail c
an b
e ad
d to
mak
e it
mor
e sp
ecifi
c to
you
r pr
ogra
m
but
it is
n’t
nece
ssar
ily n
eede
d).
PLA
NN
ING
AN
D D
ESIG
N
13
Back
grou
nd
•Pa
rtne
r ha
s an
exc
eptio
nal
amou
nt o
f bas
elin
e da
ta
•Pi
lot
leve
l stu
dies
•A
war
d m
ade
Feb.
1,
2014
Stak
ehol
ders
•U
nive
rsity
/fore
stry
exp
ert
•R
EDD
+ pr
ojec
t ex
pert
•C
omm
unity
con
sulta
tions
Gat
heri
ng R
efer
ence
s/Ba
selin
e D
ata
14
Ava
ilabl
e D
ata
•C
omm
unity
wor
k on
sim
ilar
proj
ects
in o
ther
par
ts o
f Zam
bia
•A
llom
etri
ceq
uatio
n fo
r bi
omas
s on
spe
cific
fore
sts
•Fa
una
and
flora
bio
dive
rsity
sur
veys
•In
terv
iew
s an
d su
cces
s of
com
mun
ity m
anag
emen
t st
ruct
ures
•Pe
er-r
evie
wed
lite
ratu
re o
n fo
rest
res
pons
e to
cop
pici
ng•
Smal
l-hol
der
ranc
hing
tex
ts•
Min
istr
y w
ork
plan
s•
CR
B ag
reem
ents
•C
onto
ur m
aps
•Ba
selin
e st
atus
–N
o A
ctio
n
Ref
: BC
PT M
onito
ring
Pla
n
CH
ALL
ENG
ES
15
Cha
lleng
es in
Dev
elop
ing
Base
line
•Ve
ry e
arly
in a
war
d an
d do
n’t
unde
rsta
nd t
he lo
cal e
nviro
nmen
t
•A
ctiv
ities
not
wel
l def
ined
as
they
are
par
tner
dri
ven
•N
ot e
noug
h st
aff/
tran
sitio
n of
sta
ff
•Su
rvey
ing
illeg
al a
ctiv
ities
•Lo
cal v
s. in
tern
atio
nal c
ontr
acto
r
•T
imin
g
•H
ost
gove
rnm
ent “
pref
eren
ces”
Ref
: BC
PT M
onito
ring
Pla
n
CO
OR
DIN
ATIO
N W
ITH
HO
ST
CO
UN
TRY
GO
VER
NM
ENT
The
larg
e m
ajor
ity
of h
ost
coun
trie
s no
w h
ave
EA p
olic
ies
and
proc
edur
es
Mos
t pr
ojec
ts t
hat
requ
ire
an E
A u
nder
Reg
. 216
will
als
o re
quir
e a
full
EA
unde
r ho
st c
ount
ry p
roce
dure
s
Col
labo
rati
on w
ith
loca
l Gov
ernm
ents
can
fa
cilit
ate
the
envi
ronm
enta
l ana
lysi
s pr
oces
s fo
r th
e Im
plem
enti
ng P
artn
ers
and
USA
ID s
taff.
ROLE
PLA
YIN
G: C
ON
SULT
ATIO
NS
17
And
rei B
aran
nik
Reg
iona
l Env
ironm
enta
l Offi
cer
USA
ID/C
entr
al &
Sou
th A
sia
& O
APA
Land
line
: (20
2) 7
12-4
161
abar
anni
k@us
aid.
gov
CO
NTA
CT
KELLY RAMUNDO, USAID
7/11
/201
619
And
rei D
. Bar
anni
kR
egio
nal E
nvir
onm
enta
l Adv
iser
for
Cen
tral
an
d So
uth
Asi
a, a
nd fo
rO
ffice
of A
fgha
nist
an a
nd P
akis
tan
Affa
irs
Land
line
: 1.2
02.7
12.4
161
abar
anni
k@us
aid.
gov
Cha
rles
Her
nick
The
Cad
mus
Gro
up, I
nc.
Offi
ce: +
1 70
3 24
7 61
93 |
Cel
l: +1
617
935
94
16ch
arle
s.he
rnic
k.@
cadm
usgr
oup.
com
Glo
bal E
nvir
onm
enta
l Man
agem
ent
Supp
ort
GE
MS)
Pro
ject
GE
MSC
OR
ET
eam
@ca
dmus
grou
p.co
m
And
rei D
. Bar
anni
kR
egio
nal E
nvir
onm
enta
l Adv
iser
for
Cen
tral
an
d So
uth
Asi
a, a
nd fo
rO
ffice
of A
fgha
nist
an a
nd P
akis
tan
Affa
irs
Land
line
: 1.2
02.7
12.4
161
abar
anni
k@us
aid.
gov
Cha
rles
Her
nick
The
Cad
mus
Gro
up, I
nc.
Offi
ce: +
1 70
3 24
7 61
93 |
Cel
l: +1
617
935
94
16ch
arle
s.he
rnic
k.@
cadm
usgr
oup.
com
Glo
bal E
nvir
onm
enta
l Man
agem
ent
Supp
ort
GE
MS)
Pro
ject
GE
MSC
OR
ET
eam
@ca
dmus
grou
p.co
m
7/11
/201
61
Spec
ial T
opic
:Pe
stic
ide
Use
in U
SAID
Act
iviti
es
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
7/11
/201
62
SESS
ION
OBJ
ECT
IVES
:
•U
nder
stan
d im
port
ance
of p
estic
ide
use
in U
SAID
pr
ogra
mm
ing
–Fo
od s
ecur
ity, e
cono
mic
gro
wth
–V
ecto
r co
ntro
l, pu
blic
hea
lth
•C
hara
cter
ize
adve
rse
impa
cts
of p
estic
ide
use
on h
uman
he
alth
and
the
env
iron
men
t.
•D
iscu
ss U
SAID
app
roac
h to
ass
essi
ng a
nd m
itiga
ting
impa
cts
+ pr
epar
atio
n of
com
plia
nce
docu
men
tatio
n.
•U
nder
stan
d “p
estic
ide
safe
r us
e” fr
om p
artn
er p
ersp
ectiv
e an
d di
scus
s pr
ojec
t-ba
sed
“bes
t pr
actic
es.”
7/11
/201
63
PEST
ICID
E U
SE
•Ke
y in
put
for
incr
ease
d ag
ricu
ltura
l pro
duct
ion,
can
pro
mot
e ec
onom
ic g
row
th
•U
sed
to p
rote
ct fo
od s
tock
s, im
port
ant a
spec
t of
food
aid
pro
gram
min
g (e
.g.,
FFP)
•Ve
ctor
con
trol
effo
rts
can
impr
ove
publ
ic h
ealth
–PM
I, In
door
Res
idua
l Spr
ayin
g (IR
S)
JESSICA SCRANTONT
YPI
CA
L PE
STIC
IDE
USE
S IN
DEV
ELO
PIN
G
CO
UN
TR
IES
In-f
ield
cro
p pr
otec
tion
Dos
ing
of la
kes,
pond
s &
lago
ons
to
cont
rol d
isea
se
vect
ors
Spra
ying
for
mos
quit
o an
d ot
her
dise
ase
vect
or c
ontr
ol
Stor
ed p
rodu
ct
prot
ecti
on (
seed
s, fo
od a
id c
rops
, et
c.)
Hou
seho
ld in
sect
an
d st
ruct
ural
pe
st c
ontr
ol
Inse
ctic
ide
trea
ted
bed
nets
Trea
tmen
t of
ex
port
cro
ps,
fum
igat
ion
of
tim
ber
Out
brea
k pe
st
cont
rol –
locu
sts,
rode
nts,
etc.
Live
stoc
k ti
ck
cont
rol-d
ippi
ng,
spra
ying
, pou
ring
And
othe
r use
s. . .
7/11
/201
65
PEST
ICID
E SA
FER
USE
+ C
OM
PLIA
NC
E
•Pe
stic
ides
are
esp
ecia
lly h
arm
ful t
o hu
man
and
env
ironm
enta
l he
alth
–Pe
stici
des
are
prod
uced
and
form
ulat
ed to
kill
–U
SAID
app
roac
hes
pest
icide
use
with
ext
rem
e ca
utio
n
•D
edic
ated
por
tion
of R
eg. 2
16
–22
CFR
216.
3(b)
—U
SAID
Pes
ticid
e Pr
oced
ures
•Pe
stic
ide
Eval
uatio
n R
epor
t an
d Sa
fer
Use
Act
ion
Plan
: PE
RSU
AP
WH
AT D
O
USA
ID’S
REG
ULA
TIO
NS
REQ
UIR
E?Si
mpl
y st
ated
. . .
IF
“Pes
ticid
e pr
ocur
emen
t or
us
e” is
par
t of
a p
ropo
sed
activ
ity,
TH
EN:
Add
ition
al e
nviro
nmen
tal
anal
ysis
is re
quire
d
Mor
e sp
ecifi
cally
. . .
1.D
irec
t pu
rcha
se o
f pes
tici
des
2.Pa
ymen
t in
kin
d, d
onat
ions
, pr
ovis
ion
of fr
ee s
ampl
esan
d ot
her
form
s of
sub
sidi
es
3.P
rovi
sion
of c
redi
t to
bo
rrow
ers
coul
d be
pr
ocur
emen
t
4.G
uara
ntee
of c
redi
t to
ban
ks
or o
ther
cre
dit
prov
ider
s co
uld
be p
rocu
rem
ent
Proc
urem
ent
incl
udes
. .
1.Sa
le
2.H
andl
ing,
tra
nspo
rt,
stor
age,
3.M
ixin
g, lo
adin
g,
appl
icat
ion
4.D
ispo
sal
5.P
rovi
sion
of f
uel t
o tr
ansp
ort
pes
tici
des
6.Te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e in
pe
stic
ide
man
agem
ent,
incl
udin
g tr
aini
ng
Use
incl
udes
. .
PEST
ICID
E PR
OC
UR
EMEN
T O
R U
SEFE
RTIL
IZER
S A
RE
NOT
SUBJ
ECT
TO
U
SAID
’S P
EST
ICID
E PR
OC
EDU
RES
Fert
ilize
rsar
e of
ten
lum
ped
with
pes
ticid
es u
nder
the
ge
neri
c he
adin
g of
“ag
roch
emic
als.”
BUT
the
Pest
icid
e Pr
oced
ures
do
nota
pply
to:
–Use
of s
ynth
etic
fert
ilize
rs–U
se o
f org
anic
fert
ilize
rs
Still
, the
EM
MP
can
spec
ify a
nd id
entif
y go
od fe
rtili
zer
use
and
soil
fert
ility
pra
ctic
es,
Refe
r to
USA
ID S
ecto
r Env
ironm
enta
l Gui
delin
es fo
r ag
ricul
tura
l bes
t man
agem
ent p
ract
ices.
USA
ID P
esti
cide
P
roce
dure
s, 21
6.3(
b),
appl
y th
e pr
inci
ples
of
Inte
grat
ed P
est
Man
agem
ent
(IP
M)
to
ever
y ac
tivi
ty t
hat
invo
lves
or
influ
ence
spe
stic
ide
purc
hase
or u
se.
REG
ULA
TIO
N 2
16 A
ND
PES
TIC
IDE
USE
WH
AT IS
IN
TEG
RAT
ED P
EST
MA
NA
GEM
ENT
(IP
M)?
IPM
is a
n ec
olog
ical
ly-b
ased
pes
t m
anag
emen
t ap
proa
ch
whi
ch p
rior
itiz
es:
-T
he h
ealt
h of
cro
ps a
nd t
heir
eco
logi
cal s
yste
m;
-M
onit
orin
g, d
egre
es o
f int
erve
ntio
n, r
educ
ed r
isk
and
low
tox
icit
y co
ntro
ls s
uch
as b
iolo
gica
l and
bot
anic
al
cont
rols
;
-A
ctio
ns r
equi
red
whe
n pe
sts
reac
h ec
onom
ical
ly-
dam
agin
g le
vels
.
WH
AT IS
IN
TEG
RAT
ED P
EST
MA
NA
GEM
ENT
? *CG
IAR
polic
y st
atem
ent o
n IP
M
Fa
vor
the
“lea
st t
oxic
” co
ntro
ls
T
he m
ore
sele
ctiv
e th
e co
ntro
l the
fe
wer
non
-tar
get
impa
cts.
Sa
fe fo
r fa
rmer
s an
d th
eir
fam
ilies
, saf
e fo
r co
nsum
ers,
Sa
fe fo
r th
e ec
osys
tem
.
How
to
sele
ct IP
M p
est
cont
rol o
ptio
ns:
In IP
M, t
he u
se o
f pes
ticid
e is
a
“las
t re
sort
.”
PEST
ICID
E EV
ALU
ATIO
N R
EPO
RT &
SA
FER
USE
A
CT
ION
PLA
N (P
ERSU
AP)
PER
SUA
P is
tri
gger
ed b
y an
IEE
dete
rmin
atio
n an
d ha
s tw
o m
ajor
par
ts t
hat
mee
t 21
6.3(
b) P
estic
ide
Proc
edur
es:
Pest
icid
e Ev
alua
tion
Rep
ort
&Sa
fer
Use
A
ctio
n Pl
an
Res
pons
e to
the
Pest
icid
e P
roce
dure
s re
quir
emen
ts
Iden
tifie
s ac
tion
s an
d ac
tors
for
m
itig
atio
n &
mon
itor
ing,
incl
udin
g co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith
host
cou
ntry
&
priv
ate*
* pr
oced
ures
7/11
/201
613
USA
ID P
EST
ICID
E PR
OC
EDU
RES
Whe
n a
proj
ect
incl
udes
assi
stan
ce fo
r pr
ocur
emen
t or
use
, or
both
, of p
estic
ides
reg
iste
red
for
the
sam
e or
sim
ilar
uses
by U
SEPA
with
out
rest
rict
ion,
the
Initi
al E
nviro
nmen
tal E
xam
inat
ion
for
the
proj
ect
shal
l incl
ude
a se
para
te
sect
ion
eval
uatin
g th
e ec
onom
ic, s
ocia
l and
env
ironm
enta
l ris
ks a
nd b
enef
its o
f the
pla
nned
pes
ticid
eus
e to
det
erm
ine
whe
ther
the
use
may
res
ult
in s
igni
fican
t en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
ct. F
acto
rs t
o be
con
side
red
in s
uch
an e
valu
atio
n sh
all i
nclu
de, b
ut n
ot b
e lim
ited
to t
he fo
llow
ing:
(a)
The
USE
PA r
egis
trat
ion
stat
us o
f the
req
uest
ed p
estic
ide;
(b)T
he b
asis
for
sele
ctio
n of
the
requ
este
d pe
stic
ide;
(c)
The
ext
ent
to w
hich
the
pro
pose
d pe
stic
ide
use
is p
art
of a
n in
tegr
ated
pes
t m
anag
emen
t pr
ogra
m;
(d) T
he p
ropo
sed
met
hod
or m
etho
ds o
f app
licat
ion,
incl
udin
g av
aila
bilit
y of
app
ropr
iate
app
licat
ion
and
safe
ty
equi
pmen
t;
(e)
Any
acu
te a
nd lo
ng t
erm
tox
icol
ogic
al h
azar
ds, e
ither
hum
an o
r en
viro
nmen
tal,
asso
ciat
ed w
ith t
he p
ropo
sed
use
and
mea
sure
s av
aila
ble
to m
inim
ize
such
haz
ards
;
(f) T
he e
ffect
iven
ess
of t
he r
eque
sted
pes
ticid
e fo
r th
e pr
opos
ed u
se;
(g)
Com
patib
ility
of t
he p
ropo
sed
pest
icid
e w
ith t
arge
t an
d no
n-ta
rget
eco
syst
ems;
(h) T
he c
ondi
tions
unde
r w
hich
the
pes
ticid
e is
to
be u
sed,
incl
udin
g cl
imat
e, fl
ora,
faun
a, ge
ogra
phy,
hydr
olog
y, an
d so
ils;
(i) T
he a
vaila
bilit
y an
d ef
fect
iven
ess
of o
ther
pes
ticid
es o
r no
nche
mic
al c
ontr
ol m
etho
ds;
(j) T
he r
eque
stin
g co
untr
y's
abili
ty t
o re
gula
te o
r co
ntro
l the
dis
trib
utio
n, s
tora
ge, u
se a
nd d
ispo
sal o
f the
req
uest
ed
pest
icid
e;
(k)
The
pro
visi
ons
mad
e fo
r tr
aini
ng o
f use
rs a
nd a
pplic
ator
s; an
d
(l) T
he p
rovi
sion
s m
ade
for
mon
itori
ng t
he u
se a
nd e
ffect
iven
ess
of t
he p
estic
ide.
OPE
N D
ISC
USS
ION
:
Exam
ples
from
the
Fiel
d
7/11
/201
615
Tha
nk y
ou
7/11
/201
6U
SAID
sub
-pro
ject
pro
cedu
res.
Visi
t w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/o
ur_w
ork/
envi
ronm
ent/
com
plia
nce/
ane/
inde
x.ht
m &
w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
1
Med
ical
Was
te M
anag
emen
t
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
WH
AT IS
MED
ICA
L W
AST
E?
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
2
Any
sol
id o
r liq
uid
was
te g
ener
ated
in t
he d
iagn
osis
, tre
atm
ent
or
imm
uniz
atio
n of
hum
an b
eing
s or
ani
mal
s in
res
earc
h pe
rtai
ning
the
reto
, or
in t
he p
rodu
ctio
n or
tes
ting
of b
iolo
gica
l (N
AN
& H
CW
H, 1
999
Med
ical
Was
te in
Dev
elop
ing
Cou
ntri
es).
Als
o ca
lled
heal
thca
re w
aste
or c
linic
al w
aste
Med
ical
Was
te M
anag
emen
t in
Gui
nea
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
3
•Lo
w w
aste
iden
tific
atio
n ba
sed
on g
arba
ge b
ags
and
tran
spor
tatio
n is
inad
equa
te1
•D
isin
fect
ion
of m
edic
al d
evic
esvi
olat
ing
proc
edur
es1
•N
eed
for
garb
age
bags
and
dis
infe
ctio
neq
uipm
ent1
•D
evel
opin
gco
untr
ies
typi
cally
have
36%
infe
ctio
usw
aste
com
pare
dto
18-
20%
in d
evel
oped
coun
trie
s, m
ostly
attr
ibut
edto
the
wea
knes
sof
the
segr
egat
ion
proc
ess,
hand
ling,
and
trea
tmen
t.2
1 M
alal
2013
. Ant
imic
rob
Res
ist
Infe
ct C
ontr
ol. 2
(Sup
pl1)
: P36
4. A
vaila
ble
at: 1
0.11
86/2
047-
2994
-2-S
1-P3
64.
2 U
SAID
201
4. H
ealth
Car
e W
aste
man
agem
ent C
ostin
g A
nanl
ysis
for
USG
-Sup
port
ed H
ealth
Car
e Fa
cilit
ies
in K
enya
IHP
–G
uine
a (F
Y11
-18)
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
4
•Tr
aini
ng p
rogr
ams
inco
rpor
ate
best
pra
ctic
e st
anda
rds
in h
ealth
car
e de
liver
y as
evi
dent
from
the
U
SAID
’s se
ctor
gui
delin
es o
n he
alth
. At
min
imum
, tr
aini
ng p
rogr
ams
shou
ld h
ave
sect
ions
on
best
pr
actic
e st
anda
rds
in h
andl
ing
and
disp
osal
of
med
ical
was
te.
•M
edic
al fa
cilit
ies
rece
ivin
g su
ppor
t fr
om U
SAID
in
stre
ngth
enin
g he
alth
sys
tem
mus
t ha
ve m
anag
emen
t pr
otoc
ols
in p
lace
to
hand
le, s
tore
and
dis
pose
d of
m
edic
al w
aste
in a
man
ner
cons
iste
nt w
ith U
SAID
’s se
ctor
gui
delin
es
•Te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e ad
dres
ses
best
man
agem
ent
prac
tices
in p
rope
r st
orag
e of
ess
entia
l dru
gs
appr
opri
ate
syst
ems
to d
etec
t, st
ore
and
disp
ose
expi
red
drug
s.
•In
crea
sing
ava
ilabi
lity
of
inte
grat
ed q
ualit
y m
ater
nal,
neon
atal
, and
chi
ld h
ealth
se
rvic
es
•Im
prov
ing
acce
ss t
o he
alth
se
rvic
es
•St
reng
then
ing
polic
y, pl
anni
ng, a
nd t
rans
pare
nt
gove
rnan
ce
•In
crea
sing
ava
ilabi
lity
of
heal
th c
omm
oditi
es a
nd
esse
ntia
l dru
gs
Act
ivit
ies
Con
diti
ons
CO
MM
ON
USA
ID C
HA
LLEN
GES
FO
R
MED
ICA
L W
AST
E M
AN
AG
EMEN
T
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
5
•P
rovi
ding
indi
rect
supp
ort
ortr
aini
ng t
o fa
cilit
ies
but
not
havi
ngdi
rect
cont
rol o
ver
oper
atio
nsor
med
ical
was
tese
rvic
es
•N
o ha
zard
ous
was
tefa
cilit
ies
in-c
ount
ry
•La
ckof
sup
plie
sfo
rdi
spos
alsu
chas
col
or c
oded
was
teco
ntai
ners
and
bags
•M
inim
altr
aini
ng o
f wor
kers
onw
aste
sepe
rati
onso
itis
mai
ntai
ned
allt
hew
ayto
the
final
des
truc
tion
ordi
spos
alof
th
ew
aste
WA
STE
SEPA
RAT
ION
AT
FIN
AL
DIS
POSA
L SI
TE
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
6
SEPA
RAT
ION
AT
FIN
AL
DIS
POSA
L A
REA
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
7
CO
MM
ON
USA
ID C
HA
LLEN
GES
FO
R M
EDIC
AL
WA
STE
MA
NA
GEM
ENT
(CO
NT.
)
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
8
•R
elia
nce
ongo
vern
men
tfa
cilit
ies
for
disp
osal
•La
ckof
wor
king
oref
ficie
ntin
cine
rato
rs(n
o fu
el, i
mpr
oper
targ
et
was
te, n
o em
issi
onco
ntro
ls)
•Fe
wal
tner
ativ
essu
chas
aut
ocla
ves
orm
icro
wav
esbe
caus
eno
se
cond
ary
was
tefa
cilit
yan
d hi
ghop
erat
ing
cost
s
•In
abili
tyto
tra
ckw
aste
afte
rco
ntra
ctor
sor
disp
osal
man
agem
ent
com
pani
esta
keco
ntro
l
•D
ispe
rsed
and
smal
l-sca
lefa
cilit
ies
lack
ing
loca
l sol
utio
nsto
was
tem
anag
emen
t
INC
INER
ATO
R C
ON
DIT
ION
S
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
9
SOU
RC
ES O
F M
EDIC
AL
WA
STE
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
10
Diff
eren
t se
ctio
ns
of h
ospi
tals
and
cl
inic
s
Path
olog
ical
la
bora
tori
es
Dia
gnos
tic
cent
ers
and
mob
ile c
linic
sD
octo
rs’ o
ffice
s
Oth
er m
edic
al
and
rese
arch
fa
cilit
ies
Food
faci
litie
sM
edic
al s
tore
s
CLA
SSIF
ICAT
ION
OF
MED
ICA
L W
AST
E
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
11
A.
Base
d on
con
tent
(sol
id, l
iqui
d, g
aseo
us, r
adio
activ
e)B.
Base
d on
hea
lth im
pact
(ge
nera
l was
te o
r ha
zard
ous
was
te)
C.
Base
d on
WH
O c
lass
ifica
tion
for
deve
lopi
ng c
ount
ries
(gen
eral
was
te, s
harp
was
te,
infe
ctio
us w
aste
, che
mic
als
and
phar
mac
eutic
al w
aste
, oth
er h
azar
dous
was
te).
Ana
tom
ical
Path
olog
ical
Che
mic
alPh
arm
aceu
tical
Non
-infe
ctio
usIn
fect
ious
Shar
ps
Haz
ardo
usN
on-
haza
rdou
s
Rad
ioG
aseo
usSo
lidLi
quid
Cla
ssifi
cati
on o
f Sol
id M
edic
al W
aste
WA
STE
CO
MPO
NEN
TS
GEN
ERAT
ED
BY H
EALT
HC
AR
E A
CT
IVIT
IES
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
12
The
se w
aste
s in
clud
e ha
zard
ous
(sha
rps,
infe
ctio
us a
nd n
on-in
fect
ious
) and
non
-ha
zard
ous
mat
eria
ls (g
ener
al w
aste
):
Shar
ps (u
sed
need
les,
syrin
ges,
blad
es, s
calp
el,
razo
rs, b
roke
n gl
ass)
Soile
d dr
essi
ngs
Path
olog
ical
m
ater
ials
(hum
an
tissu
e, or
gan
fece
s, bo
dy
part
s, bi
opsy
pro
duct
s an
d au
tops
y m
ater
ials)
Blo
od/D
iagn
osti
c Sa
mpl
es
Che
mic
als
(reag
ents
, de
velo
pers
, and
thos
e to
xic,
flam
mab
le,
expl
osive
and
or
carc
inog
enic)
Pha
rmac
euti
cals
(exp
ired
med
icatio
n, di
scar
ded
resid
ual
med
icatio
n us
ed in
ch
emot
hera
py)
Med
ical
dev
ices
Rad
ioac
tive
m
ater
ials
(sol
id o
r liq
uid
wast
e co
ntam
inat
ed w
ith
radi
oact
ive s
ubst
ance
s)
Nor
mal
kit
chen
and
of
fice
was
te(s
imila
r to
mun
icipa
l sol
id w
aste
)
TH
REA
TS
OF
MED
ICA
L W
AST
E
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
13
•A
ttra
ct a
nim
als
or
vuln
erab
le p
eopl
e to
di
spos
al s
ites
whe
re t
hey
coul
d co
ntac
t ot
her
haza
rdou
s m
edic
al w
aste
; •
Impa
irs
hygi
ene
and
sani
tatio
n of
a s
ite;
•C
ontr
ibut
es t
o hi
gh
orga
nic
and
bact
eria
l co
nten
t in
sur
face
and
gr
ound
wat
er
Nor
mal
kit
chen
/Offi
ce
was
tePa
thol
ogic
al m
ater
ials
•A
ttra
ct a
nim
als
to
disp
osal
site
s•
Rel
ease
pat
hoge
ns t
o su
rrou
ndin
g so
il an
d w
ater
;•
Cau
se s
econ
dary
in
fect
ions
;•
Impa
irs
hygi
ene
and
sani
tatio
n of
a s
ite;
•Im
prop
er d
ispo
sal m
ay
offe
nd t
radi
tiona
l va
lues
and
pra
ctic
es
Pha
rmac
euti
cals
•Im
prop
er d
ispo
sal c
an
resu
lt in
a s
econ
dary
m
arke
t fo
r ex
pire
d or
ev
en d
ange
rous
dru
gs;
•Ph
arm
aceu
tical
s ca
n af
fect
aqu
atic
in
vert
ebra
tes
at m
uch
low
er le
vels
, whi
ch a
re
impo
rtan
t pa
rts
of t
he
food
web
MED
ICA
L W
AST
E M
AN
AG
EMEN
T
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
14
Med
ical
was
te m
anag
emen
t: th
e pr
actic
e of
min
imiz
ing,
iden
tifyi
ng, s
epar
atin
g, co
llect
ing,
hand
ling,
carr
ying
, sto
ring
and
tre
atin
g an
d fin
ally
dis
posi
ng o
f med
ical
w
aste
as
per
polic
y of
the
inst
itutio
n or
gov
ernm
ent.
WA
STE
M
INIM
IZA
TIO
N
WA
STE
ID
EN
TIF
ICA
TIO
N
WA
STE
SE
GR
EG
AT
ION
WA
STE
H
AN
DLI
NG
WA
STE
T
RE
AT
ME
NT
&
DIS
PO
SAL
RE
CO
RD
K
EE
PIN
G
TR
AIN
ING
SUP
ER
VIS
ION
&
MO
NIT
OR
ING
Med
ical
faci
litie
s re
ceiv
ing
supp
ort
from
U
SAID
in s
tren
gthe
ning
hea
lth s
yste
m
mus
t ha
ve m
anag
emen
t pr
otoc
ols
in
plac
e to
han
dle,
sto
re a
nd d
ispo
sed
of
med
ical
was
te in
a m
anne
r co
nsis
tent
w
ith U
SAID
’s se
ctor
gui
delin
es -
(Con
ditio
n of
the
IHP
IEE)
Inte
gral
to
heal
th s
yste
m s
tren
gthe
ning
WA
STE
MIN
IMIZ
ATIO
N
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
15
So
urce
red
uctio
n
St
ock
man
agem
ent
En
cour
age
use
of R
ecyc
labl
e pr
oduc
ts
C
ontr
ol a
t in
stitu
tion
leve
l
C
entr
aliz
ed p
urch
ase
and
mon
itori
ng t
he r
ecei
pt a
nd
supp
ly p
roce
dure
of m
edic
al
good
s.
WA
STE
SEG
REG
ATIO
N
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
16
W
aste
sep
arat
ion/
isol
atio
n is
a k
ey t
o ef
fect
ive
was
te m
anag
emen
t
T
he w
aste
is s
egre
gate
d on
the
bas
is o
f co
mpo
sitio
n/ty
pe o
f was
te
Se
greg
atio
n of
was
te s
houl
d oc
cur
at t
he
poin
t ju
st a
fter
its g
ener
atio
n
Ef
fect
ive
segr
egat
ion
ensu
res
that
onl
y sm
all q
uant
ities
rat
her
than
larg
e on
es a
re
need
ed fo
r di
spos
al
In
corr
ect
segr
egat
ion
lead
s to
co
ntam
inat
ion
of a
larg
e vo
lum
e of
non
-ha
zard
ous
was
te t
urni
ng t
he w
hole
pac
k in
to h
azar
dous
was
te
WA
STE
IDEN
TIF
ICAT
ION
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
17
A g
ood
way
of i
dent
ifyin
g th
e w
aste
is b
y so
rtin
g th
e di
ffere
nt
com
pone
nts
of w
aste
into
diff
eren
t C
OLO
R C
OD
ES t
o fa
cilit
ate
easy
and
saf
e ha
ndlin
g, tr
ansp
orta
tion
and
was
te t
reat
men
t.
Rec
omm
ende
d C
olor
Cod
e fo
r D
evel
opin
g C
ount
ries
(W
HO
)
Type
of w
aste
C
olor
cod
e H
ighl
y in
fect
ious
R
ed
Infe
ctio
us, P
atho
logi
cal, A
nato
mic
al
Yello
w
Shar
p Ye
llow
col
ored
box
C
hem
ical
s, Ph
arm
aceu
tical
s Br
own
Rad
ioac
tive
Silv
er
Gen
eral
was
te
Blac
k
WA
STE
HA
ND
LIN
G
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
18
W
aste
col
lect
ion
(regu
lar a
nd p
rogr
amm
ed)
W
aste
col
lect
ion
mat
eria
ls (g
love
s, ap
ron,
boot
s, tro
lley)
P
lace
men
t of
col
or b
ins
(whe
re th
e wa
ste
is ge
nera
ted)
La
belin
g (c
onta
iner
s m
ust b
e la
bele
d w
ith s
ome
basic
info
rmat
ion)
Se
curi
ty (r
equi
red
to p
reve
nt s
cave
ngin
g at
the
gene
ratio
n an
d di
spos
al s
ites)
H
ealt
h an
d sa
fety
of t
he c
lean
er in
was
te m
anag
emen
t
Pe
rson
al h
ygie
ne (c
ontin
uous
wat
er s
uppl
y an
d so
ap/d
eter
gent
for h
and-
wash
ing)
R
espo
nse
to in
jury
and
exp
osur
e (n
eed
for p
roce
dure
s to
dea
l with
acc
iden
ts)
E
mer
genc
y re
spon
se (t
rain
ed p
erso
nnel
and
nec
essa
ry e
quip
men
t)
TR
EAT
MEN
T A
ND
DIS
POSA
L (IN
-HO
USE
)
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
19
•T
here
mus
tbe
equi
pmen
tfo
rtr
ansp
ortin
gw
aste
cont
aine
rs
•T
heeq
uipm
ent
mus
tbe
easy
tocl
ean,
load
and
unlo
ad,l
eak
proo
f
•W
aste
mus
tno
tbe
stor
edfo
rm
ore
than
24ho
urs
•Sh
ould
not
beac
cess
ible
toun
auth
oriz
edpe
rson
san
dan
imal
s
•M
ust
belo
cate
daw
ayfr
omfo
odpr
epar
atio
n,pr
oces
sing
and
food
stor
e
•Sh
ould
prov
ide
easy
acce
ssto
colle
ctor
san
dco
llect
ion
vehi
cles
•St
orag
ero
omm
ust
bepr
oper
lyve
ntila
ted
TR
EAT
MEN
T A
ND
DIS
POSA
L (E
XT
ERN
AL
MA
NA
GEM
ENT
SER
VIC
ES)
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
20
Col
lect
ion
of s
tore
d w
aste
(e
xcep
t ra
dioa
ctiv
e w
aste
) fr
om h
ealth
care
faci
litie
s ac
cord
ing
to c
olor
cod
e to
th
e fin
al d
ispo
sal s
ite is
do
ne in
a c
over
ed t
ruck
.
Col
lect
ion
of w
aste
as
per
colo
r-co
ded
from
diff
eren
t in
stitu
tions
sho
uld
be in
a
cove
red
van
and
the
driv
er
area
sho
uld
be t
otal
ly
sepa
rate
d fr
om t
he w
aste
ca
rryi
ng a
rea
REC
OR
D K
EEPI
NG
AN
D T
RA
ININ
G
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
21
A
ccur
ate
reco
rd k
eepi
ng is
req
uire
d fo
r ef
fect
ive
med
ical
was
te m
anag
emen
t
Vari
ous
reco
rds
rela
ted
to r
isks
, fai
lure
s an
d pr
oble
ms,
cost
, qua
lity
and
quan
tity
of w
aste
etc
., m
ust
be t
aken
TEC
HN
OLO
GIE
S FO
R T
REA
TM
ENT
A
ND
FIN
AL
DIS
POSA
L
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
22
•(H
igh
tem
pera
ture
dry
oxi
datio
n pr
oces
s to
redu
ce o
rgan
ic an
d co
mbu
stib
le w
aste
to in
orga
nic
mat
ter)
Inci
nera
tion
•(C
hem
icals
adde
d to
was
te to
kill/
inac
tivat
e th
e pa
thog
ens)
Che
mic
al d
isin
fect
ion
•(M
ixin
g wa
ste
with
cem
ent i
n or
der t
o pr
even
t le
achi
ng/m
igra
tion
of to
xic
subs
tanc
es)
Ren
deri
ng in
ert
•-in
clud
ing
auto
clav
ing
(Exp
osur
e of
shr
edde
d wa
ste
to h
igh
tem
pera
ture
and
pre
ssur
e to
inac
tivat
e m
icro-
orga
nism
s be
fore
disc
harg
e in
to m
unici
pal w
aste
)W
et t
herm
al t
reat
men
t
•(T
he h
eat g
ener
ated
des
troys
micr
oorg
anism
s)M
icro
wav
e ir
radi
atio
n
•(Is
olat
es w
aste
from
the
envir
onm
ent)
Land
fill (
Sani
tary
)
•(p
re-tr
eatm
ent
invo
lving
fillin
gco
ntai
ners
with
wast
e,ad
ding
anim
mob
ilizin
gm
ater
iala
ndse
alin
gth
eco
ntai
ner)
Enc
apsu
lati
on
POT
ENT
IAL
APP
ROA
CH
ES
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
23
A.
Gai
n pa
rtic
ipan
t bu
y in
: mee
tings
and
wor
ksho
ps a
roun
d H
CW
M t
o ex
pres
s kn
owle
dge
and
need
s an
d fa
cilit
ate
a co
llabo
rativ
e ef
fort
B.
Rai
se a
war
enes
s: A
sses
s qu
antit
y an
d ty
pe o
f was
tes
as w
ell a
s tr
eatm
ent
and
disp
osal
pra
ctic
es; s
hare
with
par
tner
faci
litie
s
C.
Impr
ove
know
ledg
e an
d sk
ills:
redu
ce, s
egre
gate
, pro
per
use
of s
harp
s, co
nsid
er e
nviro
nmen
tal f
rien
dlin
ess
of d
ispo
sal,
alte
rnat
ives
whe
n ne
cess
ary,
reco
rd k
eepi
ng a
nd m
onito
ring
of t
emps
D.
Ens
ure
appr
opri
ate
budg
et a
nd s
uppl
ies
(whe
n po
ssib
le):
budg
et li
nes,
bund
le s
afet
y bo
xes
to im
mun
izat
ion/
syri
nge
purc
hase
s; lo
cally
sou
rces
bin
s; en
sure
PPE
is in
pla
ce
E.
Stre
ngth
en d
ispo
sal s
yste
ms:
cond
uct
pilo
ts w
here
USA
ID/p
artn
er h
as m
ore
cont
rol o
ver
the
disp
osal
man
agem
ent;
prov
ide
TA t
o fa
cilit
ies,
part
icul
arly
tho
se
whe
re fi
nal d
ispo
sal t
akes
pla
ce; e
nsur
e a
trai
ned
disp
osal
sta
ff
REQ
UIR
EMEN
TS
FOR
EFF
ECT
IVE
WA
STE
MA
NA
GEM
ENT
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
24
Nat
iona
l Po
licy,
Stra
tegy
, pla
n,
guid
elin
es
and
SOPs
Legi
slat
ion
/Rul
es fo
r w
aste
m
anag
emen
t
Goo
d m
anag
emen
tC
omm
itted
m
anpo
wer
Goo
d m
anag
emen
tPr
oper
bu
dget
ary
allo
catio
n
App
licat
ion
of
loca
l ava
ilabl
e te
chno
logy
and
al
so a
ccor
ding
to
res
ourc
e al
loca
tion
Invo
lvem
ent
of
NG
Os
Com
mun
ity
part
icip
atio
n
Prop
er c
apac
ity
deve
lopm
ent
of
the
serv
ice
prov
ider
s
Dev
elop
men
t of
info
rmat
ion
syst
em in
re
latio
n to
M
WM
as
a pa
rt
of M
IS
Supp
ortiv
e su
perv
isio
n an
d m
onito
ring
EXT
ERN
AL
WA
STE
MA
NA
GEM
ENT
A
ND
FIN
AL
DIS
POSA
L O
F M
WM
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
25
Impr
oper
MW
MS
Inad
equa
teD
ispo
sal
Site
Una
utho
rize
dW
aste
Pick
ing
Inad
equa
te T
reat
men
t
Inad
equa
te C
olle
ctio
n sy
stem
Non
-exi
sten
ceof
R
egul
atio
ns
Res
ourc
eC
onst
rain
t
Lack
of A
war
enes
s
Abs
ence
of
Res
pons
ibili
ty
Solid
Was
teM
anag
emen
t
Out
side
Hos
pita
l (T
otal
sys
tem
)In
-hou
se
Man
agem
ent
Publ
ic a
nd P
oliti
cal
Aw
aren
ess
Dis
posa
l
Col
lect
ion
Trea
tmen
t
Tran
spor
tTr
aini
ngG
ood
hous
eke
epin
gC
apac
itybu
ildin
g
Hea
lth &
en
viro
nmen
t
Civ
icse
nse
Step
bySt
epIm
plem
ent
OU
T-H
OU
SE M
AN
AG
EMEN
T A
ND
FI
NA
L D
ISPO
SAL
OF
MED
ICA
L W
AST
E
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
26
Out
side
hosp
ital
(Tot
al s
yste
m)
Sam
e ca
r di
ffere
nt
tim
e
Dis
posa
l sit
eP
rote
cted
Land
fill
Trea
tmen
t
Cen
tral
inci
nera
tion
Mun
icip
alit
y
Pri
vate
firm
s/N
GO
s
Big
Hos
p.P
ublic
/pri
vate
Man
agem
ent
Col
lect
ion
Tran
spor
t Gen
.W
aste
Infe
ct.
Was
te
Ash
Inst
itut
iona
l C
oope
rati
on
Opt
imum
& p
rope
rre
sour
ceut
iliza
tion
Pub
licPa
rtic
ipat
ion
Pub
lic-P
riva
te
Part
ners
hip
MM
5M
M6
Slid
e 26
MM
5 M
icha
el M
inko
ff, 3
/3/2
016
MM
6 Th
is s
lide
and
slid
e 29
can
be
the
last
two
slid
es, I
sup
pose
. Th
ey a
re n
ot u
sefu
l for
pre
sent
atio
n -
too
com
plic
ated
- b
ut p
erha
ps
wor
thw
hile
reso
urce
s to
hav
e on
han
d. A
riann
e.. t
houg
hts?
Mic
hael
Min
koff,
3/3
/201
6
CO
MPO
SIT
ION
OF
MED
ICA
L W
AST
E N
ATU
RE
AN
D C
OM
POSI
TIO
N O
F M
EDIC
AL
WA
STE
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
27
Gen
eral
was
te, 8
0%(e
.g.,
food
was
te a
nd n
on-in
fect
ious
w
aste
)
Shar
ps, 1
%
Che
mic
al, 3
%In
fect
ious
, 15%
Oth
ers,
1%
Sour
ce: W
HO
, 200
0
INC
OM
E D
AIL
Y W
AST
E G
ENER
ATI
ON
(KG
/BED
/DA
Y)
Low
inco
me
area
sle
ss t
han
0.3
Mid
dle
inco
me
area
sle
ss t
han
0.3
to 0
.4H
ighe
r in
com
e ar
eas
less
tha
n 0.
4 to
5.5
Prim
ary
heal
thca
re c
ente
r0.
05 to
0.2
TY
PE/S
OU
RC
E O
F H
CW
AM
OU
NT
OF
WA
STE
GEN
ERA
TED
Inpa
tient
ser
vice
s0.
5 kg
/bed
/day
Labo
rato
ry0.
06 k
g/sa
mpl
eO
pera
ting
thea
ter
1.2
kg/o
pera
tion
Bloo
d ba
nk0.
8 kg
/uni
t of b
lood
Inte
nsiv
e ca
re0.
05 k
g/pa
tient
day
Ren
al d
ialy
sis
1 kg
/pat
ient
SERV
ICE
S G
EN
ER
AT
ING
WA
STE
Sour
ce: A
GE
ND
A, 2
009
Sour
ce: A
l-Zah
rani
et a
l., 2
000
WA
STE
GE
NE
RA
TIO
N T
EN
DS
TO
DIF
FER
BY
INC
OM
E
MM
1AN
1
Slid
e 27
MM
1 I t
hink
this
slid
e ca
n be
del
eted
. Th
ough
ts?
Mic
hael
Min
koff,
3/3
/201
6
AN
1 D
epen
ds. I
t mig
ht b
e us
eful
to p
artia
lly ta
lk a
bout
whe
re m
ost o
f the
was
te is
gen
erat
ed to
prio
ritiz
e bu
t cou
ld b
uild
into
ano
ther
are
a.Ar
iann
e N
eigh
, 3/3
/201
6
CAT
EGO
RY O
F W
AST
E, E
XA
MPL
ESA
ND
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
CO
NC
ERN
S
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
28
CA
TE
GO
RY
EX
AM
PLE
S E
NV
IRO
NM
EN
TAL
CO
NC
ER
NS
Gen
eral
or
Mun
icip
al S
olid
was
te
Pape
r, p
acka
ging
, foo
d, fl
oor
swee
ping
s an
d ot
her
item
s no
t un
ique
to m
edic
al w
aste
, com
mon
ly m
anag
ed b
y m
unic
ipal
co
llect
ion
and
disp
osal
Vol
ume
of t
he w
aste
; Air
em
issi
ons;
Con
tam
inat
ion
of s
urfa
ce a
nd g
roun
d w
ater
; Litt
er; I
nsec
ts o
r ot
her
vect
ors;
Odo
rs;
Inju
ry; E
xpos
ure
to P
atho
gens
Infe
ctio
us w
aste
con
tain
ing
path
ogen
s in
suf
ficie
nt q
uant
ity t
hat
expo
sure
co
uld
resu
lt in
dis
ease
Lab
cultu
res
and
stoc
ks o
f inf
ectio
us a
gent
s, w
aste
s fr
om is
olat
ion
war
ds, t
issu
es, m
ater
ials
or
equi
pmen
t tha
t ha
ve b
een
in c
onta
ct
with
infe
cted
pat
ient
s
Land
dis
posa
l of a
ctiv
e pa
thog
ens
Hum
an h
ealth
impa
cts
Phar
mac
eutic
al w
aste
Ex
pire
d or
unn
eces
sary
pha
rmac
eutic
als
and
drug
s R
elea
sed
to la
nd o
r w
ater
H
uman
hea
lth im
pact
s
Path
olog
ical
was
te c
onta
inin
g hu
man
tis
sues
or
Body
par
ts, h
uman
fetu
ses,
blo
od, a
nd o
ther
bod
y flu
ids.
U
ntre
ated
was
te r
elea
sed
to la
nd o
r w
ater
; Hum
an
heal
th im
pact
s
Che
mic
al w
aste
So
lid, l
iqui
d an
d ga
seou
s ch
emic
als
from
dia
gnos
tic a
nd
expe
rim
enta
l wor
k, c
lean
ing
mat
eria
ls
Rel
ease
d of
haz
ardo
us a
ir p
ollu
tant
s an
d re
leas
es t
o la
nd o
r w
ater
; Hum
an h
ealth
impa
cts
Shar
p w
aste
s N
eedl
es, i
nfus
ion
sets
, sca
lpel
s, b
roke
n gl
ass
Land
dis
posa
l of a
ctiv
e pa
thog
ens;
Inju
ry
Rad
ioac
tive
was
te
Rad
ioac
tive
subs
tanc
es in
clud
ing
used
liqu
ids
from
rad
ioth
erap
y or
lab
wor
k R
elea
ses
to a
ir, l
and
or w
ater
; Hum
an h
ealth
im
pact
s
Pres
suri
zed
cont
aine
rs
Gas
cyl
inde
rs, c
artr
idge
s an
d ae
roso
l can
s Po
tent
ially
har
mfu
l; M
ay e
xplo
de a
ccid
enta
lly
Hig
h he
avy
met
al c
onte
nt
Batt
erie
s, b
roke
n th
erm
omet
ers,
blo
od p
ress
ure
gaug
es
Rel
ease
s to
air
, lan
d or
wat
er; H
uman
hea
lth
impa
cts
Gen
otox
ic w
aste
W
aste
con
tain
ing
cyto
toxi
cdr
ugs
(use
d in
can
cer
ther
apy)
, ge
noto
xic
chem
ical
s R
elea
ses
to a
ir, l
and
or w
ater
; Hum
an h
ealth
im
pact
s
Source: M
edica
l waste training
man
ual, DG
HS, M
ohakha
li, Dha
ka
AN3
Slid
e 28
AN
3 M
ake
as a
sep
erat
e ta
ble
Aria
nne
Nei
gh, 3
/3/2
016
TH
E D
ISEA
SE T
RA
NSM
ISSI
ON
CY
CLE
USA
ID s
ub-p
roje
ct p
roce
dure
s. V
isit
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e/an
e/in
dex.
htm
& w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
29
Infe
ctio
us A
gent
Bact
eria
Vir
uses
Fung
iPa
rasi
tes
Res
ervo
irPe
ople
Wat
er b
odie
sIn
stru
men
tsEq
uipm
ent
Pla
ces
of E
xit
Skin
,R
espi
rato
ry, s
yste
mG
enito
urin
ary
&
vas
cula
r sy
stem
s
Mod
e of
Tra
nsm
issi
onC
onta
ctVe
hicl
eA
irVe
ctor
Pla
ces
of e
ntry
Brok
en s
kin
Punc
ture
wou
ndsu
rgic
al s
ite
Muc
ous
mem
bran
es
Susc
epti
ble
Hos
tsC
lient
sC
omm
unity
Serv
ice
prov
ider
sA
ncill
ary
staf
fC
om. m
embe
rs
Source: M
edica
l waste
training
man
ual,
DGHS
, Moh
akha
li,
Dhaka
7/11
/201
6U
SAID
sub
-pro
ject
pro
cedu
res.
Visi
t w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/o
ur_w
ork/
envi
ronm
ent/
com
plia
nce/
ane/
inde
x.ht
m &
w
ww
.enc
apaf
rica
.org
30
TH
AN
K Y
OU
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
