PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT

Islamic concept on participation

• And consult with them upon the conduct of affairs, and when you have resolved, then put your trust in Allah

al-i-imran 3:159

Participative Management

ParticipationA process in which people contribute ideas to the solution of their problems.

Participative ManagementA system of management in which employees contribute in making management decision effecting organization and their jobs.

Arguments for Participation

Evolution.

Globalization.

Flexibility.

Decentralization.

Theory X and Y.

Degree of ParticipationSubordinate Boss

Decision making involvement

How much value he attaches to ideas he receives

Diagnosing

Finding alternatives

Greater the effect of each other higher the degree of participation

Estimating consequences

Making choices

Application Techniques

 FORMAL

PARTICIPATION

 INFORMAL

PARTICIPATION

 PROGRAMME

BASED 

ON INDIVIDUAL BASIS

 ON GROUP

BASIS

INDIVIDUAL EFFECTS DECISION

MAKING OF SUPERIOR

 CONSULTATIVE

 DEMOCRATIC

 

Major Pre-requisites to Participative Management

Time Factor. Cost benefit analysis. Matter of interest. Participants to have knowledge and

intelligence to participate. No language barrier …participants must be

able to communicate freely. No position threat on both sides. Participation is valid only to the group’s area

of Job Freedom

Area of Job Freedom

AREA OF EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING

TELLS

SELLS

CONSULT

AREA OF AUTHORITY

APPLIED BY MANAGER JOINS

WITHDRAWS

Manager makes & announces decisions

Manager seek ideas, sells decision, decisions are subject to change

Manager asks for recommendation before deciding

Manager decides with group “one person one vote”

Manager asks group to decide

Autocratic Benevolent Autocratic

Consultive / Participative Management

Democratic Management

Free Rein Management

Morale and job satisfaction

Satisfaction – Performance Relationship

Performance Reward

Effort Greater or Lesser SatisfactionCommitment OR

Dis-Satisfaction

Perception of equity in

reward fair…unfairEconomic

sociological psychological

Advantages of participative management

Acceptance of decisionsA. Feeling of responsibility.B. Ego involvement.C. Counter-measure to resentment.

Acceptance of changeA. Feeling of safeguarding their interests.B. Workout feasibility and sort-out possible

objections.

Advantages of participative management

Positive effect on morale … A form

of recognition

Employee development

Better performance.

Positive climate.

Better coordination.

Disadvantages of participative management

Time consuming and costly.

Pseudo Participation.

Conducting a Participatory Meeting

Manager...... Presents the problem Supplies Essential Facts Classifies area of freedom Allows anyone to speak at random Does not meddle Freely express appreciation Draws persons out Wait out pauses Restate accurately Asks good questions Recommendations belong to the group Summarizes as need arise

Thank you