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Africa RISING Training Workshop on Innovation Platforms
Addis Ababa, 23-24 January 2014
Jim Ellis-Jones
Participatory Research and Extension Approaches (PREA)
Some requirements for success
• Positive engagement with partners and communities • Identification and addressing of
community-identified priority challenges and opportunities- Use of value chain approaches
• Work with and strengthen existing CBOs and private sector• Jointly plan, implement and learn
Development of strong R&D partnerships (IPs)
A traditional (linear) approach
3
Research
Extension
Farmer
An innovation systems approach
4
Knowledge generation
Demand / PullIncreasing farmer capacity
to source and use knowledge
Putting knowledge into use
Information market
Supply / Push
Stakeholders and partners
Traditional (linear) Participatory (Innov Sytems)
Main objective Technology transfer Building farmer capacity to use knowledge
Opportunities analysis Outsiders Farmers, facilitated by outsiders
Methods Messages, fixed packages Options considered
Farmer behavior Adopt, adapt or reject Choose from basket and experiment/ innovate
Intended outcomes Widespread adoption of package
Wider choices, enhanced adaptabilities
Main extension mode Extension worker to farmer
Farmer to farmer
Role of R&E Teacher, trainer Facilitator
TRADITIONAL VS PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES
Facilitation
• Playing a neutral, guiding and encouraging role
• Gaining the respect and trust of partners and the community
• Not dominating or allowing others to do so
• Encouraging all to express opinions• Ensuring objectives and deadlines are
met
Reference No.6
PREA in practiceStage 1: Social engagement, and
community analysis (PCA)Social mobilisation
Stage 2: Action planning Searching for solutions
Stage 3: Implementation Encouraging local interest groups to try out new
ideas
Stage 4: Sharing experiencesLearning (monitoring and evaluation) and scaling out
Consideroptions
Exchange visits
Participatory Research and Extension Approach
Enteringcommunity build trust
Identifyinglocal organ-
isations
Raisingawareness
Identifying needs &
problems
FeedbackTo
community
Training
Technicalbackstopping
Training
mid-Season
evaluation
Training
Planningfor nextlearning
cycle
PREALearning Cycle
PREA Training
Ethiopia Africa Rising
Prioritisingneeds andproblems
Actionplanning
Searchingfor
solutions
Mandatinglocal
institutions
Tryingout new
ideas
End of season review
and processmonitoring
YearsY2Y1 Y3 Y4 Y5
PREA process
9
Africa Rising
Stage 1: Engagement and mobilisation
Engaging with stakeholders Research Centres, Universities, Bureau of
Agriculture, (private sector) Establishing common interests and approaches
(MoU) Selecting areas – woreda, kebele
Engaging with the community Meeting with local leaders and community
representatives Understanding the community (livelihoods,
institutions, types of farmer, farming systems, crops – livestock and which are the most important), early identification of challenges and possible solutions
Views of men, women, young people (PCA)
PCAs (June-July 2013)
Meetings in eight kebele (4 regions, 4 woredas) Participants
Kebele and community leadership Representatives of CBOs Men and women (more men) Probably better resourced farmers
Facilitators Universities, Research Centres Kebele and Woreda agricultural staff
Stage 2: Action planning……. Agree “options” to be tested (as prioritised
by farmers) Consider input supplies Production methods including NRM Storage and marketing arrangements
Mandate local organisations Selection of model/lead/research/host
farmers Agree selection criteria with group
Such as - respect, reliability, honesty, communication ability, full time farmer
Group selection of host farmer
Stage 2: Action Planning……
Facilitation and backstopping Provide guidance for implementation
Agree site, trial plot design & inputs required
Agree what activities, by whom and when Develop criteria for lesson learning
(pM&E) Mid season evaluations End of season evaluations
Ensure all partners know, agree and play their role in implementing the plan
Phase 3: Implementation - experimentation
Encouraging learning by doing Land prep, fertilising, planting, weeding, pest
control, harvest Farmer field school Farmer-to-farmer-extension
Encouraging maximum local involvement Enhancing people’s ability to innovate Generating new options and solutions
CIP initiative – Potatoes, Faba beans, WheatIMWI – small scale irrigation
MotherResearcher controlled
Babies /DaughtersFarmer controlled
Research centreOn-farm
On-farm
Mid season evaluation Facilitate evaluation of field performance
Build confidence through farmer presentation Identify/confirm farmers’ evaluation criteria Use as a joint learning experience Encourage farmer-to-farmer extension
Assess how crops/livestock are proceeding
Share ideas and provide feed back
Phase 4: Sharing experiences
Phase 4: End-of-season evaluation•Re-assess findings of mid season evaluations
Assess performance against farmer criteria
Compare yields achieved
•Assess acceptability Cooking and tasting products
•Assess profitabilityParticipatory budgets
Reference No./18
Role of local organisations/farmer groups
Adopt the programme into their activities Select the host farmer Encourage participation by other farmers Arrange field days
Evaluation mid and end-of-season Review and plan for the new season
Farmer-to-farmer uptake pathways