Date post: | 01-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | dalton-little |
View: | 32 times |
Download: | 0 times |
JRC 30 March 2009 1
Particle Measurement Programme
Exploratory work & Validation Exercise (JRC)First Validation Exercise comparisons
B. Giechaskiel, G. Martini, J. AnderssonJRC, 30 March 2009
JRC 30 March 2009 2
Outline
• Status• Exploratory Work (JRC)
– Preconditioning– Particles <23 nm
• Validation Exercise (JRC)– Partial – Full flow systems comparison– Number systems comparison– After-treatment comparison
• Validation Exercise comparisons
JRC 30 March 2009 3
Status
DateValidation Exercise
Round Robin
Jan – Feb 2008 JRCMar-Apr 2008 AVL-MTC
May – Jun 2008 JRCJul – Sept 2008 RWTUEVOct – Nov 2008 Ricardo
Dec 2008 – Jan 2009 Ricardo NTSELFeb - April 2009 UTAC JARI
April – June 2009 EMPA NIER (Korea)July – Sept 2009 JRCOct – Nov 2009 Volvo
Dec 2009 – Jan 2010 JRCFeb – Mar 2010 UTACApr – May 2010 TNOJun – Aug 2010 VTTSep – Oct 2010 ScaniaNov – Dec 2010 Environment CanadaJan – Feb 2011 Daimler
JRC 30 March 2009 4
Set up
dilution tunnel
HEPALEPA
Flow direction
act. carbon
Dilution air
PM47±5°C
50 lpm
25 lpm
80 m3/min
HEPA
Primary dilution tunnel
TX40 47mm
CRT
ENGINE
PSS-20
SPCS
Secondary dilution tunnel
SPCS
AVL_SS
ET (330°C)
Blanket (150°C)
EJ#
1
EJ#
2
Heater (150°C)Thermodenuder
(275°C)
TSI 3790 (-105)
TSI 3010D
EEPS
Nanomet
One Golden instrument at CVS and one at the partial flow system
Alternative systems (EJ+ET+EJ+3010D, EJ+TD+3790, Nanomet-C)
Other systems (EEPS, 3025A)
TSI( 3025A)
JRC 30 March 2009 5
Preconditioning
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
-1920 -1440 -960 -480 0 480
Time [s]
PN
[#/c
m3 ]
2 8 3 1
loading (#7, #9, #11)
#10
idle#7
mini cycle (mode #):
#10
A
BC
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
300 1300 2300 3300
Time [s]
PN
[#/c
m3 ] AVL_MTC lube aging
(mode #10)
JRC pre-conditioning
mode #7
JRC lube aging (mode #10)
mode #10
10 15 min
Non-volatile particles >23 nm
Low temperature modes Low emissionsHigh temperature modes High emissions
Non-volatiles >23 nm
15 min at mode 10 is the minimum time for
Pre-conditioning
JRC 30 March 2009 6
Pre-conditioning emissions
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.0E+08
900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900
Time [s]
PN
[#/c
m3 ]
EEPSSPCS
13
4
6
7
#10 #7#4
2
5
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.0E+08
0 500 1000 1500
Time [s]
PN
[#/c
m3 ]
#4 #10 #7
>23 nm
>3 nm
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.0E+08
1 10 100 1000
dP
N/d
log
Dp
[#cm
3 ]
EEPS max
EEPS min
1
2
3
4
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.0E+07
1.0E+08
1 10 100 1000
Mobility Diameter Dp [nm]
dP
N/d
log
Dp
[#/c
m3 ]
EEPS max
EEPS min7
4
5
6
Non-volatiles
High emissions ofvolatiles duringpassive regeneration
Non-volatile emissions can be also observed
JRC 30 March 2009 7
Cycles
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
Time [s]
PN
[#/c
m3 ]
SPCS >23nm
SPCS >3nm
CVS >3nm
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
Time [s]
PN
[#/c
m3 ],
Sp
ee
d, T
orq
ue
SPCS >23nm
SPCS >3nm
CVS >3nm
#7
#10
#13Speed
Torque
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
Time [s]
PN
[#
/cm
3 ]
EEPS
SPCS
2
3
1
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1 10 100 1000
Mobility Diameter Dp [nm]
dP
N/d
log
Dp
[#/c
m3 ]
minEEPS
1
2
3
High emissions at thebeginning of the cycle
High emissions at hightemperature modes
Low emissionsat the rest cycles
Cold WHTCHot WHTC
ESC
JRC 30 March 2009 8
Particles <23 nm
1.0E+09
1.0E+10
1.0E+11
1.0E+12
1.0E+09 1.0E+10 1.0E+11 1.0E+12
Non volatile >23 nm (SPCS-19 at CVS)
Pa
rtic
les
>3
nm
(3
02
5A
at)
CVS
SPCS
WHTC hot
Non-volatiles >3 nm approximately +40% of non-volatiles >23 nm
Total >3 nm approximately +80% of non-volatiles >23 nm
JRC 30 March 2009 9
Partial-Full flow systems
0
2
4
6
0 2 4 6
PTS PM Emissions [mg/kWh]
SP
C-4
72
PM
Em
iss
ion
s [
mg
/kW
h]
WHTC cold
WHTC hot
WHSC
ETC
ESC
1.0E+09
1.0E+10
1.0E+11
1.0E+12
1.0E+09 1.0E+10 1.0E+11 1.0E+12
SPCS-19 (CVS)
SP
CS
-20
(S
PC
-47
2)
WHTC cold
WHTC hot
WHSC
ETC
ESC
Not good PM correlation between partial and full flow systems(However similar levels)
Very good PN correlation between partial and full flow systems
JRC 30 March 2009 10
Number systems comparison
1.0E+09
1.0E+10
1.0E+11
1.0E+12
1.0E+09 1.0E+10 1.0E+11 1.0E+12
SPCS-19 (CVS)
Alt
ern
ati
ve
sy
ste
m
EJ+ET+EJ
TD
1.0E+09
1.0E+10
1.0E+11
1.0E+12
1.0E+09 1.0E+10 1.0E+11 1.0E+12
SPCS-19 (CVS)
Na
no
me
t
Very good agreement betweenalternative and golden systemsmeasuring from CVS in parallel
JRC 30 March 2009 11
Aftertreatment effect
EMITEC=PM MetalitPartial Flow Deep Bed Filter
DPF=Pt based oxicat upstream ofwall flow filter
0
20
40
60
80
100
WHTC cold WHTC hot WHSC ETC ESC
PM
[m
g/k
Wh
]
Engine out
EMITEC
DPF
1.0E+09
1.0E+10
1.0E+11
1.0E+12
1.0E+13
1.0E+14
WHTC cold WHTC hot WHSC ETC ESC
PN
[#/
kWh
]
Engine out
EMITEC
DPF
65% reduction with partial flow Deep Bed Filter
99% reduction with wall flow filter
JRC 30 March 2009 12
VE Comparisons - setup
JRC AVL_MTC RCECVS dimensions [cm/cm]
470/47 500/50 450/45
CVS flowrate [m3/min] 80 72 60Sec. tunnel dimen. [cm] 64/8.6 30/8 100/10Sec. tunnel flowrates 25/50 25/50 20/40Partial flow system Smart Sampler
PSSSmart
SamplerMDLT
PM flow, split ratio 1.08, 0.0626% 1.08, 0.0626% 1.205, 0.0909%
JRC 30 March 2009 13
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
WHTC cold WHTC hot WHSC ETC ESCHC
*10
Em
iss
ion
s [
g/k
Wh
] JRC raw
AVL raw
RCE raw
0
2
4
6
8
10
WHTC cold WHTC hot WHSC ETC ESC
CO
*10
Em
issi
on
s [g
/kW
h] JRC raw
AVL raw
RCE raw
VE Comparisons - gaseous
0
2
4
6
8
10
WHTC cold WHTC hot WHSC ETC ESC
CO
2/10
0 E
mis
sio
ns
[g/k
Wh
]
JRC raw
AVL raw
RCE raw
0
2
4
6
8
10
WHTC cold WHTC hot WHSC ETC ESC
NO
x E
mis
sio
ns
[g/k
Wh
] JRC raw
AVL raw
RCE raw
JRC 30 March 2009 14
VE Comparisons – Real time PN
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
Time [s]
PN
[cm
-3]
JRC
AVL_MTC
RCECVS
Hot WHTC
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
Time [s]
PN
[cm
-3]
JRC
AVL_MTC
RCE
Partial flow
Hot WHTC
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
Time [s]
PN
[cm
-3]
JRC
AVL_MTC
RCE
CVS
Cold WHTC
1.0E+00
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800
Time [s]
PN
[cm
-3]
JRC
AVL_MTC
RCE
Partial systems
Cold WHTC
JRC 30 March 2009 15
1.0E+09
1.0E+10
1.0E+11
1.0E+12
WHTC cold WHTC hot WHSC ETC ESC
PN
[#/
cm3] JRC Phase B
AVL_MTC
RCE
CVS
1.0E+09
1.0E+10
1.0E+11
1.0E+12
WHTC cold WHTC hot WHSC ETC ESC
PN
[#/
cm3 ]
JRC Phase B
AVL_MTC
RCE
Partial flow systems
VE Comparisons – PM and PN
0
2
4
6
8
10
WHTC cold WHTC hot WHSC ETC ESC
PM
Em
issi
on
s [m
g/k
Wh
] JRC
AVL
RCE
Partial flow systems
0
2
4
6
8
10
WHTC cold WHTC hot WHSC ETC ESC
PM
Em
issi
on
s [m
g/k
Wh
] JRC
AVL
RCE
CVS
JRC 30 March 2009 16
Conclusions
• Exploratory Work (JRC)– Preconditioning: Regeneration + Loading– Not high concentration of particles <23 nm (and proportional)
• Validation Exercise (JRC)– Good correlation between partial and full flow systems– Good correlation between particle number systems– Wall flow filters can reduce efficiently number emissions
• Validation Exercise comparisons– Background important– Quite good repeatability of PN emissions