Particles In Action

Lesson 1: Absolute Zero

Learning Objectives:• describe the term absolute zero• convert between Kelvin and Celsius scales of

temperature• describe how the temperature of a gas relates to

the speed and kinetic energy of its particles• recognise that the Kelvin temperature of a gas

and the average kinetic energy of its particles are directly proportional.

Starter• Draw the particles in a solution

which has been heated and one that is cold.

Kinetic Theory Model• Change your movement

according to the volume.

• Absolute zero exists at -273oC

http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?c3=1&mid=48&l=

Celsius to Kelvin?

To change 100 °C into Kelvin just add 273.

So 100 °C = (100 + 273) K = 373 K.What are the following temperatures in

Kelvin?0 °C, 20 °C, 37 °C, 500 °C, -5 °C, -169

°C

Kelvin to Celsius?

To change 100 K into Celsius just subtract 273.

So 500 K = (500 - 273) K = 227 °C.What are the following temperatures in

Celsius?0 K, 200 K, 300 K, 1 000 K

Making ThermometersMaking Thermometers1. Fill a bowl with crushed ice.2. Put a little coloured dye in the flask, then fill it to the top

with crushed ice. Stand it in the bowl with crushed ice and leave it for 15 mins.

3. Push the rubber bung on, and mark the level of the risen liquid.

4. Then put the flask into a water bath and leave for 15 mins.

5. Mark the new level.6. Divide the distance between the two marks into 5 equal

divisions. Each division will represent 10 degrees.7. Leave the flask on the bench for 15 mins, and mark the

new level.

How would you describe this relationship?

At __________ (–273 ºC or 0 K) particles __________ moving. You convert ºC to K by adding __________. Increasing the __________ increases the speed of the particles. The _________ in a gas are continually colliding with each other. The kelvin temperature and the average __________ energy of the particles are directly __________ to each other (i.e. double the __________ temperature, __________ the kinetic energy).

273 absolute zero double kelvinkinetic particles proportional stop

temperature

Plenary• Explain how we can move

from degrees Celsius to degrees Kelvin and back again

Plenary• Explain how we can move

from degrees Celsius to degrees Kelvin and back again

• Explain why this weather balloon is released when more gas could be added

http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~itl/2045/MH_sims/ideal_nav.swf

Charles Law Simulation

http://www.chem.iastate.edu/group/Greenbowe/sections/projectfolder/flashfiles/gaslaw/charles_law.html

Kinetic Theory Model

http://www.practicalphysics.org/go/Experiment_365.html

http://penguincentral.com/pics/gallery/S-131/96ilc31k.jpg