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Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Insert Information Protection Policy Classification from Slide 12 1
Stay Connected
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FACEBOOK.COM/OPN.PARTNERHUB.MIGRATI
ON.CENTER
Upgrade, Migrate & Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c & 11gR2 – Overview
Alaa Fahmy Core Technology Product Leader – ECEMEA
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 3
Performance Management
Q&A
Preparing to Upgrade
Upgrade & Migration Cases
Fallback Strategies
New Features in Oracle 12c
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 4
Security & Compliance
Big Data
Consolidation
Data Optimization
Application Development
High Availability
In-Memory
Performance & Scalability
Data Warehousing
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 5
Multitenant Environment – The Concept!
Consolidation
Reduced maintenance load
Simplified and fast provisioning, cloning and migration
The Option name is Oracle Multitenant
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 6
You don't have to use pluggable databases ... yet
Oracle Database 12c non-CDB works as expected
– But you can also use the new features – and this will require
changing old habits
Earth is Still a Sphere!
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 7
One SGA, one set of background processes, and one spfile
– Benefit due to resource sharing
– Applications will connect to the PDBs
– Up to 253 PDBs in one CDB
Behind the scenes
CDB$ROOT
PDB$SEED PDB PDB PDB PDB
spfile
Redo Control Flashback
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 8
After plugging a PDB into a CDB:
– Data resides in the PDB
– References will get created in the CDB
– In exchange access to dictionary objects from within the PDB
CDB-PDB: Who's who?
CDB$ROOT
PDB$SEED
OBJ$ TAB$ SOURCE$
PDB EMP DEPT
OBJ$ TAB$ SOURCE$
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 9
Anything not yet supported? Check the README! – Continuous Query Notification (CQN)
– Client Side Cache
– Flashback Data Archive (FDA)
– Flashback Transaction Query
– Flashback Transaction Backout
– Heat map
– Automatic Data Optimization
– Oracle Streams
– Database Migration Assistant for Unicode (DMU)
White paper: – http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/multitenant-wp-12c-1949736.pdf
CDB References
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 10
New Features
Automatic Data Optimization
Extreme Availability
Security Features
Remarkable Enhancements
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 11
Automatic Data Optimization
An in-memory heat map tracks access to
segments and blocks
– Data is periodically written to disk
– Information is accessible by views or stored procedures
Uses can attach policies to tables to compress or
tier data based on access to data
– Tables or Partitions can be moved between compression
levels whilst data is still being accessed
Simplifying the life cycle of data
Po licy 1
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 12
Automatic Data Optimization
Add compression and tiering policies to tables
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Confidential – Oracle Restricted 12
Oldest Data Most Recent Data
Po licy 1
Po licy 2
Compress Partitions with
Advanced Compression
if they haven’t been
modified in 30 days
Compress Partitions with Hybrid Columnar Compression
if they haven’t been modified
from in 180 days
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 13
Automatic Data Optimization
A heat map tracks the activity of segments and blocks
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Confidential – Oracle Restricted 13
Oldest Data Most Recent Data
Po licy 1
Po licy 2
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 14
Automatic Data Optimization: Heat Map Future Enterprise Manager screens - WIP
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 15
Automatic Data Optimization
Policies are automatically applied to tables
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Confidential – Oracle Restricted 15
Oldest Data Most Recent Data
Po licy 1
Po licy 2
If after 30 days partitions
haven’t be modified they will
be compressed using
advanced row compression
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 16
Automatic Data Optimization
Policies are automatically applied to tables
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Confidential – Oracle Restricted 16
Oldest Data Most Recent Data
Po licy 1
Po licy 2
After 180 days of no
modification, the oldest
partition is identified to be
compressed using Hybrid
Columnar compression
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 17
Automatic Data Optimization
Policies are automatically applied to tables
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Confidential – Oracle Restricted 17
Oldest Data Most Recent Data
Po licy 1
Po licy 2
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 18
Automatic Data Optimization
Reduce storage footprint, read compressed data faster
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Confidential – Oracle Restricted 18
Oldest Data Most Recent Data
Po licy 1
Po licy 2
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 19
Automatic Data Optimization
Automatically tier data to lower cost storage
Copyright © 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Confidential – Oracle Restricted 19
Oldest Data Most Recent Data
Po licy 1
Po licy 2
Po licy 3
If the tablespace is nearly full
then compress the oldest
partition with Archive Hybrid
Columar Compression and
move it to Tier 2 Storage
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 20
New Features
Automatic Data Optimization
Extreme Availability
Security Features
Remarkable Enhancements
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 21
Extreme Availability
Active Data Guard Far Sync
Other Data Guard Enhancements
RMAN Enhancements
ASM and RAC
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 22
Zero Data Loss Challenge
The longer the distance, the larger the performance impact
Trade-off between Zero Data Loss and Performance
Primary Standby
Commit
Commit Ack
Network Send
Network Ack
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 23
Active Data Guard Far Sync Example, New York London
Primary Standby
Far Sync
Instance (Active)
Far Sync
Instance (Idle)
New York
Bridgeport
Reading
London
Async
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 24
Extreme Availability
Data Guard Far Sync
Other Data Guard Enhancements
RMAN Enhancements
ASM and RAC
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 25
Data Guard Real-Time Cascading
Primary Standby 1 Standby 2
In Oracle 12.1
Standby 1 forwards redo to Standby 2 in real-time, as it is
received: no propagation delay for a log switch
Standby 2 is up-to-date for offloading read-only queries/reports
SYNC or ASYNC ASYNC
Purpose: Eliminating propagation delay
In Oracle 11.2
Standby 1 waits until log switch before forwarding redo from
archived logs to Standby 2
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 26
Extreme Availability
Data Guard Far Sync
Other Data Guard Enhancements
RMAN Enhancements
ASM and RAC
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 27
1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
0 1
Table Recovery From Backup
Simple RECOVER TABLE command to
recover one or more tables (most
recent or older version) from an
RMAN backup
Eliminates time and complexity
associated with manual restore,
recover & export
– Enables fine-grained point-in-time
recovery of individual tables instead of
the contents of the entire tablespace
– Restores the recovered table to an
Oracle Data Pump dump file
– Optionally imports the dump file and
renames the table in the target
database
RMAN Backups
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 28
Cross-Platform Backup & Restore
Simplifies procedure for platform migration
Minimize read-only impact with multiple incremental backups
Simplified Platform Migration
– Uses Data Pump for metadata, backup sets for data files
Restore Backup
(optional endian
conversion,
metadata import)
1 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 1
1 0
1
1 0
1 1
0 1
1 1
1 0
1
0 0
1 0
1 0
0 0
0 1
1 0
0 1
Source Database (AIX)
Backup
to Disk/Tape
(data files, optional
endian conversion,
metadata export)
Destination Database (Linux)
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 29
Extreme Availability
Data Guard Far Sync
Other Data Guard Enhancements
RMAN Enhancements
ASM and RAC
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 30
ASM Overview
Oracle Database 11.2 or earlier
ASM Cluster Pool of Storage
Node2
Disk Group B Disk Group A
Node3 Node5 Node4
Shared Disk
Groups
Wide File Striping
One to One
Mapping of ASM
Instances to
Servers
Node1
ASM Instance
Database Instance
ASM Disk
RAC Cluster
DBA DBA DBB DBB DBC DBB
ASM ASM ASM ASM ASM
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 31
Oracle ASM 12c – Overview
Oracle ASM 12c Standard Deployment
ASM Cluster Pool of Storage
Disk Group B Disk Group A Shared Disk
Groups
Wide File Striping
One to One
Mapping of ASM
Instances to
Servers
ASM Instance
Database Instance
ASM Disk
RAC Cluster
Node4 Node3 Node2 Node1 Node5 ASM ASM ASM ASM ASM
ASM Instance
Database Instance
DBA DBA DBC DBB DBB DBB
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 32
Introducing Oracle Flex ASM
Removal of One to One Mapping and HA
ASM Cluster Pool of Storage
Disk Group B Disk Group A Shared Disk
Groups
Wide File Striping
Databases share
ASM instances ASM Instance
Database Instance
ASM Disk
RAC Cluster
Node5 Node4 Node3 Node2 Node1
Node5
runs as
ASM
Client to
Node4
Node1
runs as
ASM
Client to
Node2
Node1
runs as
ASM
Client to
Node4
Node2
runs as
ASM
Client to
Node3
ASM ASM ASM
ASM Instance
DBA DBA DBC DBB DBB DBB
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 33
Supporting Pre-Oracle 12c Databases
Pre-Oracle 12c Databases require a local ASM instance
ASM Cluster Pool of Storage
Disk Group B Disk Group A Shared Disk
Groups
Wide File Striping
Databases share
ASM instances ASM Instance
Database Instance
ASM Disk
RAC Cluster
Node5 Node4 Node3 Node2 Node1 ASM ASM ASM
DBA DBA DBC
ASM ASM
11g
DB
11g
DB DBB DBB DBB
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 34
New Features
Automatic Data Optimization
Extreme Availability
Security Features
Remarkable Enhancements
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 35
Real-time sensitive data redaction
based on database session context
Library of redaction policies and point-
and-click policy definition
Consistent enforcement, policies
applied to data
Transparent to applications, users, and
operational activities
Oracle Advanced Security
Redaction of Sensitive Data Displayed Preventive Control for Oracle Database 12c
Credit Card Numbers 4451-2172-9841-4368
5106-8395-2095-5938
7830-0032-0294-1827
Redaction Policy
xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-4368 4451-2172-9841-4368
Billing
Department Call Center
Application
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 36
Data Masking
Mask At-Source
Minimize sensitive data exposure
Securely Provisioning Test Systems
01001011001010100100100100100100100100100100100010
01010100100100100111001001001001001001000010010010
11100100101010010010101010011010100101010010
Subsetted & Masked
Data Pump File
12.1
Prod Test
At-Source Masking
Production data subsetted first
Sensitive data masked separately
0100101100101010010010010010010010010010010010001
0010101001001001001110010010010010010010000100100
1011100100101010010010101010011010100101010010
Prod
Data Subset Clone &Mask
11.2
Test
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 37
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise
Discover Use of Privileges and Roles Administrative Control for Oracle Database 12c
Privilege Analysis
Create…
Drop…
Modify…
DBA role
APPADMIN role
Turn on privilege capture mode
Report on actual privileges and roles
used in the database
Helps revoke unnecessary privileges
Enforce least privilege and reduce risks
Increase security without disruption
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 38
New Features
Automatic Data Optimization
Extreme Availability
Security Features
Remarkable Enhancements
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 39
Online Move of Datafiles
Rename or relocate datafiles online
– Move from one type of storage to another, or into ASM
– Examples:
Rename:
Relocate:
Copy:
Move into ASM:
ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/data/user1.dbf' TO
'/data/user001.dbf';
ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/data/user1.dbf' TO
'/test/user1.dbf';
ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/data/user1.dbf' TO
'/test/user1.dbf' KEEP;
ALTER DATABASE MOVE DATAFILE '/data/user1.dbf' TO
'+DATA/data/datafile/user1.dbf';
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 40
Row Limit
Example:
SELECT employee_id, last_name
FROM employees
ORDER BY employee_id
FETCH FIRST 5 ROWS ONLY;
SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary
FROM employees
ORDER BY salary
FETCH FIRST 5 PERCENT ROWS WITH TIES;
Select only the first 5 rows
Select the first 5% of rows and those whose salary “ties” with the lowest of the 5%
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 41
Performance Management
Q&A
Preparing to Upgrade
Upgrade & Migration Cases
Fallback Strategies
New Features in Oracle 12c
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 42
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Oracle 9.2 (GA: Jul 2002)
Oracle 10.1 (GA: Jan 2004)
Oracle 10.2 (GA: Jul 2005)
Oracle 11.1 (GA: Aug 2007)
Oracle 11.2 (GA: Sep 2009)
Oracle 12.1 (GA: Jun 2013)
#1 Reason for Upgrade
JUL 2010 JAN 2007
Sustaining Support
JAN 2012 JAN 2009
AUG 2015 AUG 2012
JAN 2018 JAN 2015
today
today
JUN 2021 JUN 2018
Limited ES Extended Support Waived Extended Support Premier Support
JUL 2015
JUL 2013 JUL 2010
•http://www.oracle.com/us/support/lifetime-support/index.html
•Note: 209768.1
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 43
Some MAGIC Questions
Question? Answer
Change to new hardware?
Change to new operating system architecture?
Change the characterset?
Consolidation (schema/database/...) planned?
Number of database to upgrade/migrate?
Size of database(s) getting upgraded/migrated?
Exact source and target Oracle version(s)?
Max allowed downtime?
Fallback requirements?
Test environment and testing tools?
Does a performance baseline exist?
Change required to enable New Features?
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 44
Upgrade Companion
Note:1462240.1
Upgrade Companion 12c – now available
Includes references to 10g, 11g & 11gR2 upgrade companions
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 45
Upgrade OTN Page
http://otn.oracle.com/goto/upgrade (http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/upgrade/index.html)
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 46
Upgrade Blog: blogs.oracle.com/UPGRADE
Scroll
down
to go
to the
slides
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 47
Step-by-Step vs Big Bang
– Upgrade/migration in pieces over a period of time
Considered as risk mitigating
– Everything in one downtime window
Sometimes necessary due to dependencies
Least critical systems first vs most critical system first
– Learn more with every step
vs:
– Learn about almost all from the beginning
Strategies?
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 48
Database Upgrade
– A database upgrade is called "Upgrade" because the data dictionary
will get upgraded to a later version
– This will include Oracle components, options such as JAVAVM, SDO
– No data will be touched, changed or moved
Migration
– A database migration will happen when the database will move to
new: Hardware, operating system platform, character set
Software Upgrade
– In-Place:
The new software will be installed into an existing SW location
– Out-Of-Place
The new software will be installed into a new software location
Terminology
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 49
Upgrade to Oracle Database 12c
Oracle
7.3.4
Oracle
8.0.6
Oracle
8.1.7.4
Oracle
9.0.1.4
Oracle
9.2.0.8
Oracle
10.1.0.5
Oracle
10.2.0.5
Oracle
11.1.0.7
Oracle
11.2.0.2
Oracle
12.1.0.1
Oracle 7.3 (GA: 1996)
Oracle 8.0 (GA: 1997
Oracle 8.1 (GA: 1998)
Oracle 9.0 (GA: 2001)
Oracle 9.2 (GA: Jul 2002)
Oracle 10.1 (GA: Jan 2004)
Oracle 10.2 (GA: Jul 2005)
Oracle 11.1 (GA: Aug 2007)
Oracle 11.2 (GA: Sep 2009)
Oracle 12.1 (GA: Jun 2013)
DIRECT 11.2.0.2
DIRECT 11.1.0.7
DIRECT 10.2.0.5
11.2.0.2 9.2.0.8 7.3.4
11.2.0.2 9.2.0.8 8.0.6
10.2.0.5 8.1.7.4
10.2.0.5 9.0.1.4
11.2.0.2 9.2.0.8
11.2.0.2 10.1.0.5
Please note: This graph will apply to database upgrades only!
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 50
Preparation Checklist
In the SOURCE environment:
Clean Up Empty the recycle bin
Check for INVALID objects in SYS/SYSTEM
Check for duplicate objects in SYS/SYSTEM
Remove outdated parameters
Components Check for INVALID components
Check for necessary components
Remove obsolete components
Performance Preserve performance statistics
Check network performance
Optional Perform Integrity checks
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 51
Clean Up: Parameters Real World Crosscheck
Internal Oracle production database
– Multimedia (ORDIM) component took very long to upgrade
_complex_view_merging = FALSE
_multi_join_key_table_lookup = FALSE
_library_cache_advice = FALSE
_index_join_enabled = FALSE
_push_join_union_view = FALSE
_push_join_predicate = FALSE
_always_semi_join = OFF
_pred_move_around = FALSE
_unnest_subquery = FALSE
_predicate_elimination_enabled = FALSE
_eliminate_common_subexpr = FALSE
_no_or_expansion = FALSE
event = '10195 trace name context forever, level 1'
event = '10778 trace name context forever, level 1‘
Upgrade time for ORDIM:
49 minutes
Remove all underscores and events
Upgrade time for ORDIM:
7 minutes
Factor
x7
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 52
Preparation Check List
In the TARGET environment:
Checks
Download
Settings
Software Certification Information
Installation Requirements
Software and Patch Sets
CPUs, PSUs and Bundle Patches
Single Patches
Parameter Recommendations
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 53
Parameter Recommendations
General guidelines:
– The fewer parameters you have in your spfile, the better
– Remove outdated parameters, underscores, events ...
Unless directed by applications (e.g. E-Business Suite, Siebel,
SAP etc.) to set them
– Try to adjust certain parameters based on testing, documentation
and white papers
Don't trust statements such as ..."THE tuning guru said ..."
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 54
New Parameters in Oracle Database 12c
CELL_OFFLOADGROUP_NAME
CONNECTION_BROKERS
DB_BIG_TABLE_CACHE_PERCENT_TARGET
DB_INDEX_COMPRESSION_INHERITANCE
DNFS_BATCH_SIZE
ENABLE_PLUGGABLE_DATABASE
HEAT_MAP
MAX_STRING_SIZE
NONCDB_COMPATIBLE
OPTIMIZER_ADAPTIVE_FEATURES
OPTIMIZER_ADAPTIVE_REPORTING_ONLY
PARALLEL_DEGREE_LEVEL
PARALLEL_FAULT_TOLERANCE_ENABLED
PDB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
PGA_AGGREGATE_LIMIT
SPATIAL_VECTOR_ACCELERATION
TEMP_UNDO_ENABLED
THREADED_EXECUTION
UNIFIED_AUDIT_SGA_QUEUE_SIZE
USE_DEDICATED_BROKER
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 55
Deprecated Parameters in Oracle Database 12c
active_instance_count
background_dump_dest
buffer_pool_keep
buffer_pool_recycle
commit_write
cursor_space_for_time
fast_start_io_target
global_context_pool_size
instance_groups
lock_name_space
log_archive_local_first
log_archive_start
Max_enabled_roles
parallel_automatic_tuning
parallel_io_cap_enabled
parallel_server
parallel_server_instances
plsql_v2_compatibility
remote_os_authent
resource_manager_cpu_allocation
sec_case_sensitive_logon
serial_reuse
sql_trace
standby_archive_dest
user_dump_dest
From the Oracle Database 12c Upgrade Guide, Chapter 8.
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 56
Performance Management
Q&A
Preparing to Upgrade
Upgrade & Migration Cases
Fallback Strategies
New Features in Oracle 12c
New Scripts
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 57
What's new in upgrades to Oracle 12c?
New SQL Automation FixUp Scripts
– Fixing issues before and after upgrade
Detailed recommendations
Parallel Upgrade
– Saving up to 40% upgrade duration
– Upgrade driven by catctl.pl, not catupgrd.sql anymore
catctl.pl
script3.sql script2.sql script1.sql
script4.sql
script5.sql
script6.sql
script6.sql
script7.sql
script8.sql
script9.sql
script10.sql
script11.sql
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 59
Upgrade duration to Oracle 12c mainly depends on:
– Number of installed components and database options
– Number of objects in the database due to high amount of new
dictionary tables, and restructuring of some base system tables
– CPU Speed
Component HH:MM:SS
Oracle Server 00:16:17
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 00:05:19
Oracle Workspace Manager 00:01:01
Oracle Enterprise Manager 00:10:13
Oracle XDK 00:00:48
Oracle Text 00:00:58
Oracle XML Database 00:04:09
Oracle Database Java Packages 00:00:33
Oracle Multimedia 00:07:43
Oracle Expression Filter 00:00:18
Oracle Rule Manager 00:00:12
Gathering Statistics 00:04:53
Total Upgrade Time: 00:52:31
Component HH:MM:SS
Oracle Server 00:16:17
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 00:05:19
Oracle XDK 00:00:48
Oracle Text 00:00:58
Oracle XML Database 00:04:09
Oracle Database Java Packages 00:00:33
Gathering Statistics 00:02:43
Total Upgrade Time: 00:30:47
Install and patch Oracle 12c
Preupgrade Checks
Prepare Environment
Restore Entire Database
Upgrade Database
Post Upgrade Actions
Copyright © 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Upgrade, Migrate and Consolidate to Oracle Database 12c 60
Performance Management
Q&A
General Preparation Steps
Upgrade & Migration Cases
Fallback Strategies
New Features in Oracle 12c
Zero Downtime?
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Case: Near-Zero Downtime
Platform migration with near-zero downtime
Example Facts & Description
1. Hardware migration to an Exadata Database Machine
2. Cross Endianness database migration from Oracle 10.2.0.3 to Oracle 11.2.0.3
3. Maximum tolerated downtime: 5 minutes
4. Database size: 10TB
5. High redo generation rate
Oracle 10.2.0.3 HP-UX Itanium
5 mins
10TB
Oracle 11.2.0.3 OEL5.8 64bit
10TB
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Introduction
True ZERO Downtime is very hard to achieve
– Only Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database can do that
Replication technologies are easier to handle and setup
– A limited downtime will occur to switch clients/application
Active/active scenarios are possible but will require extra work
Concept:
1. Start capturing changes on source
2. Create an upgraded copy on target
3. Start applying changes to target
4. Once in sync switch clients/application
Technologies:
– Oracle Golden Gate
– (NOTE: Oracle Streams was deprecated as of Oracle Database 12c)
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Oracle Golden Gate
Paid option of the database
– Migratable license for 1 year which includes Active Data Guard
Works with many Oracle database versions
– Golden Gate 11.2 supports Oracle 10.2.0.4+, 11.1+, 11.2+
For earlier database versions (8i (DML only), 9i-11.1) use Golden Gate 10.4
Compared to Oracle Streams
– Generally faster
– Generally easier to setup and use
– Fewer data type restrictions
Oracle GoldenGate Installation and Setup Guide
Also works with non-Oracle databases (DB2, Teradata …)
GoldenGate OTN page: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/goldengate/overview/index.html
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Difference Conventional vs GG Migration
Eliminate the "migration" downtime
– Conventional Migration
– Near-Zero Downtime Migration
Downtime
Synch Database Migration / Database Upgrade Tasks
Database Migration / Database Upgrade Tasks
Downtime
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Case: Near-Zero Downtime
Platform migration with near-zero downtime
Start Capture Mechanism
Build Up Database Copy with Data Pump or TTS
Start Apply Mechanism
Oracle 10.2.0.3 HP-UX Itanium
5 mins
10TB
Oracle 11.2.0.3 OEL5.8 64bit
10TB
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Oracle 10.2.0.3 HP-UX Itanium
10TB
Oracle 11.2.0.3 OEL5.8 64bit
Start Capture Mechanism Build Up Database Copy with Data Pump or TTS
Start Apply Mechanism
Capture
Capture: committed transactions are captured (and can be
filtered) as they occur by reading the transaction logs
10TB
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Oracle 10.2.0.3 HP-UX Itanium
10TB
Oracle 11.2.0.3 OEL5.8 64bit
Start Capture Mechanism Build Up Database Copy with Data Pump or TTS
Start Apply Mechanism
Capture
Trail: stages and queues data for routing
Trail
10TB
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Oracle 10.2.0.3 HP-UX Itanium
10TB
Oracle 11.2.0.3 OEL5.8 64bit
Start Capture Mechanism Build Up Database Copy with Data Pump or TTS
Start Apply Mechanism
Capture Trail
10TB
Build up the target database using: - Transportable Tablespaces x-Platform
- Export/Import with Data Pump
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Oracle 10.2.0.3 HP-UX Itanium
10TB
Oracle 11.2.0.3 OEL5.8 64bit
Start Capture Mechanism Build Up Database Copy with Data Pump or TTS
Start Apply Mechanism
Capture Trail
10TB
Pump: distributes data for routing to target(s)
Pump
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Oracle 10.2.0.3 HP-UX Itanium
10TB
Oracle 11.2.0.3 OEL5.8 64bit
Start Capture Mechanism Build Up Database Copy with Data Pump or TTS
Start Apply Mechanism
10TB
Golden Gate works bidirectionally -
from higher to lower release as well!
Capture Trail Pump Trail Delivery
Bi-directional
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Minimal Downtime Migration with Oracle Golden Gate
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Performance Management
Q&A
General Preparation Steps
Upgrade & Migration Cases
Fallback Strategies
New Features in Oracle 12c
Real Rolling Upgrade
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Case: Real Rolling Upgrade
Rolling database upgrade with less than 5 min downtime
Example Facts & Description
1. Neither HW nor OS migration involved
2. Database rolling upgrade from Oracle 11.1.0.7 to Oracle 11.2.0.3
3. Maximum tolerated downtime: 5 minutes
4. Database size: 5TB
Oracle 11.1.0.7 OEL4 64bit
5 mins
5TB
Oracle 11.2.0.3 OEL5.8 64bit
5TB
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Case: Real Rolling Upgrade
Rolling database upgrade with less than 5 min downtime
Create a Physical Standby
Convert Logical Standby
Upgrade Logical Standby
Switchover
PROD Logical
Flashback Logical
Convert Physical
Upgrade via Redo
Apply
Switchover
PROD Physical
Oracle 11.1.0.7 OEL4 64bit
Oracle 11.2.0.3 OEL5.8 64bit
Oracle 11.1.0.7 PHYSICAL STANDBY
5 mins
5TB 5TB
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Real World Checkpoint
Bielefeld University, Germany
– Mid size university in Germany (founded 1969)
18,000 students
1,600 employees
Interdisciplinary
Initiative of Excellence
Lead university for 33 German universities
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
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Real World Checkpoint
Project scope:
– Upgrade or migrate 10 key systems from Oracle
9.2 to Oracle 11g
– Move from Single Instance to:
Oracle Real Application Clusters
Oracle ASM
Oracle Data Guard
– Use Transient Logical Standby for patch upgrades
to decrease downtime from 60 minutes to less than
5 minutes
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
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Real World Checkpoint
Constraints:
– Character set conversions
– Outdated 3rd party software
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
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Real World Checkpoint
Test migrations and upgrades
Setup Oracle Grid Control
Performance monitoring and tuning with SQL Tuning/Access Advisor and SQL Performance Analyzer (SPA)
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
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Real World Checkpoint
Upgrade and migrations:
– Completed in Sept/Oct 2008
Transient Standby Rolling Upgrade:
Oracle. 11.1.0.6 to Oracle 11.1.0.7
– Friday February 13th, 2009
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
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Real World Checkpoint
YES!!!
OOW 2009 presentation
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
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Performance Management
Q&A
General Preparation Steps
Upgrade & Migration Cases
Fallback Strategies
New Features in Oracle 12c
Plug in a database
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Case: Upgrade and Plug into a CDB
Consolidate an upgraded 12c database into a CDB
Example Facts & Description
1. Source database must already be upgraded to Oracle Database 12c
2. Plug in the source database as new PDB into an existing CDB
3. Maximum tolerated downtime: 15 minutes
4. Database size: 1TB
Oracle 12.1.0.1 Non-CDB
15 mins
1TB
Oracle 12.1.0.1 PDB in a CDB
1TB
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Upgrade first, then plug in
To plug in a database into a multitenant environment it has
to be upgraded to Oracle Database 12c first
– The upgrade steps are independent from the multitenant concept
Once upgraded:
1. Open the database in read-
only mode.
2. Generate an XML
description file.
3. Plug the database into the
destination CDB.
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Two options:
1. Patch the CDB including all PDBs
2. Patch by plug out, plug in
Patching
Oracle 12.1.0.1
CDB$ROOT
PDB$SEED Oracle 12.1.0.1
PDB1
Oracle 12.1.0.1
CDB$ROOT
PDB$SEED Oracle 12.1.0.1
PDB1
Oracle 12.1.0.2
CDB$ROOT
PDB$SEED
Oracle 12.1.0.2
CDB$ROOT
PDB$SEED Oracle 12.1.0.2
PDB1
Patch
2
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Performance Management
Q&A
General Preparation Steps
Upgrade & Migration Cases
Fallback Strategies
New Features in Oracle 12c
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Fallback Strategy – Strategy
Never start an upgrade or migration without evaluating and
testing your options for going back
Complete RMAN Online Backup is always a must
Clarify:
– Fallback requirements in minutes/hours/days
– How to deal with issues happening during the upgrade
– How to deal with issues hours/days after the upgrade
– Will you get additional downtime to change COMPATIBLE?
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Parameter COMPATIBLE
Minimum COMPATIBLE in Oracle Database 12c: 11.0.0
– 11.0.0 and 11.1.0 are equivalent
– Recommendation:
Change COMPATIBLE 7-10 days after upgrade
Changing COMPATIBLE will require a database restart
– SQL>
– COMPATIBLE can't be turned back
alter system set compatible='12.1.0' scope=spfile;
COMPATIBLE must be increased to ≥11.0.0
Downgrade possible
COMPATIBLE can remain on 11.x.y
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Fallback Strategy - Issues during upgrade
ALWAYS take a complete ONLINE backup with RMAN
No Yes
Change COMPATIBLE parameter?
Set all data tablespaces into READ
ONLY mode and take an OFFLINE
backup of SYSTEM, SYSAUX,
UNDO, TEMP, redologs + controlfiles
≥ 11.0
Create a guaranteed
restore point for
Flashback Database
Restore and
recover
online backup
Flashback to
the guaranteed
restore point
Shutdown, restore the offline
backup files and startup
in source environment
Yes
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Fallback: Restore Point
Flashback to a guaranteed restore point
– COMPATIBLE can't be changed
Pre Upgrade Environment Post Upgrade Environment
CREATE RESTORE POINT grpt
GUARANTEE FLASHBACK DATABASE;
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
STARTUP MOUNT;
FLASHBACK DATABASE TO RESTORE
POINT grpt;
SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
STARTUP MOUNT;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
RESETLOGS;
DROP RESTORE POINT grpt;
UPGRADE
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Fallback Strategy – Issues after upgrade
AGAIN take a complete ONLINE backup with RMAN after the upgrade
No Yes
Change COMPATIBLE parameter?
≥ 10.2
Use Oracle Golden Gate
for a capture/apply
of data changes back to
the source release
Downgrade with the catdwgrd.sql and
the catrelod.sql
scripts back to the
source release
Use Data Pump to import
data back into an empty
database in source env
Yes
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Performance Management
Q&A
General Preparation Steps
Upgrade & Migration Cases
Fallback Strategies
New Features in Oracle 12c
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Configure AWR, ASH & ADDM
Real-Time ADDM
– MMON obtains performance stats every 3 sec without lock/latch
– MMON triggers a real-time ADDM analysis when:
– MMON slave process creates report and stores it in AWR
See the DBA_HIST_REPORTS view
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Real Application Testing
Goal:
– Record and replay a real workload to see how a system performs
Platform independent
– Find regressions and changing plans before the upgrade
– Do consistent performance evaluations upon application changes
Licensable database pack "Real Application Testing"
Available since Oracle Database 11.1.0.6
Available also with patch sets Oracle Database 10.2.0.4/5
Consists of:
– Database Replay
DBMS_WORKLOAD_CAPTURE and DBMS_WORKLOAD_REPLAY
– SQL Performance Analyzer
DBMS_SPA
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Consolidated Database Replays
• Allows workload
captured on
different databases
to be consolidated
for replay
• Works for
manually
consolidated
databases or
Pluggable
Databases
Validating consolidation strategies
SALES
HR
ERP
CRM
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Real World Checkpoint
The Customer:
Deutsche Messe AG
– HQ in Hannover, Germany
– Largest trade fair worldwide
– Key trade fairs:
CeBIT
Hannover Messe
– ~1,000,000 m² exhibition space
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
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Deutsche Messe
Project scope:
– Upgrade of a 3-node Oracle 10.2.0.3 RAC Cluster
to Oracle 11.1.0.7
Move from raw devices to ASM
Use Snapshot Standby instead of RMAN to refresh
development databases
Tune third-party application with Automatic SQL
Tuning
Sun Solaris 10
– Initially 2 databases to upgrade (each ~350GB):
CeBIT system
Online ordering web application
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
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Deutsche Messe
Constraints:
– Keep the old hardware
– The "worst" application ever ...
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
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Deutsche Messe
Performance:
– AWR snapshots
– Automatic SQL Tuning showed excellent results
– Real Application Testing (Database Replay) done
during high-load phase during CeBIT 2009
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
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Deutsche Messe
Live? And alive?
– Yes! Go-live in September and October 2009
But highest load to be expected in March 2010
(CeBIT!!)
– Overall downtime: 4 hrs
– Application is faster than ever
– Customer kept 3 year old hardware
– All SAP systems recently upgraded to 11.2.0.2
More information: OOW 2010 presentation and Success Story
– http://apex.oracle.com/pls/apex/f?p=202202:2:::::P2_SUCHWORT:messe
– http://www.oracle.com/us/corporate/customers/deutsche-messe-1-db-
snapshot-367194.pdf
Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
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Deutsche Messe
"Heal" a terrible application Customer
Upgrade
Success?
Remarks
Project
Constraints
Preparation
Improvement factor:
~250,000x !!!
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