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Cell Wall
• Plants only• Outer layer, rigid, strong, stiff; made of
cellulose• Support, protection, allow movement of
materials in and out
Cell membrane
• Both plants and animal cell• Plant- inside of cell wall– Animals- outer layer; made of cholesterol– Selectively permeable
• Support and protection– Controls movement of materials in an out of cell– Barrier between cell and its environment– Maintain homeostasis
- Looking Inside Cells
Nucleus
•The nucleus is the cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities.
Nuclear membrane
• Both• Surrounds nucleus; selectively permeable• Controls movement of materials in/out of
nucleus
cytoplasm
• Both• Clear, thick, jellylike material and organelles
found inside cell membrane• Support and protection of cell’s organelles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
•The endoplasmic reticulum is similar to the system of hallways in a building. Proteins and other materials move throughout the cell by way of the endoplasmic reticulum. The spots on this organelle are ribosomes, which produce proteins.
- Looking Inside Cells
Mitochondrion
•Mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of the cell because they convert energy in food molecules to energy the cell can use to carry out its functions.
- Looking Inside Cells
vacuole
• Plants have large but only a few– Animals have really small
• Fluid filled sacs• Store food, water, waste– Plants need it big to store large amounts of food
lysosome
• Plants rarely– animals common
• small, round, with a membrane• Breaks down larger food molecules into
smaller moleculesdigests old cell parts
chloroplast
• Plants only• Green, oval usually containing chlorophyll• Uses energy from sun to make food for the
plant