Parts of SpeechParts of Speech

Mrs. HolzbauerMrs. Holzbauer

NOUNSNOUNSPerson, place, thing, or ideaPerson, place, thing, or idea

Concrete nouns:You can see, hear, taste, smell You can see, hear, taste, smell

or touch them.or touch them.

*Can interact using at least one *Can interact using at least one of the five senses.of the five senses.

Abstract nouns:Abstract nouns:Concepts, ideas, qualities, conditionsConcepts, ideas, qualities, conditions

Cannot interact with five senses

**like **like concrete, concrete, which you which you can touchcan touch

Ex. Freedom, honor,Ex. Freedom, honor, lovelove

EX. girl, dog, school, deskEX. girl, dog, school, desk

NounsNounsCollective nounsCollective nouns::

Groups of people or things as one unitGroups of people or things as one unitA classA class

Ex. Class, community, neighborhoodEx. Class, community, neighborhood

Compound nounsCompound nouns: :

two or more words used together two or more words used together

to name a person, place or thingto name a person, place or thing

Ex. Fire engine Rock-and rollEx. Fire engine Rock-and roll

toothbrushtoothbrush

NounsNounsCommon noun:Common noun:

Basic names for any person, place, or thingBasic names for any person, place, or thing

WomanWoman

Ex. Boy, girl, dog, schoolEx. Boy, girl, dog, school

Proper nounProper noun::

Specific names for any person, place, or thingSpecific names for any person, place, or thing*capitalized*capitalized

President Barack ObamaPresident Barack ObamaEx. Mrs. Holzbauer, Fido, San Marcos High SchoolEx. Mrs. Holzbauer, Fido, San Marcos High School

PRONOUNS:PRONOUNS:takes the place of a nountakes the place of a noun

SingularSingular PluralPlural

First PersonFirst Person

I, me, my, mineI, me, my, mine We, us, our, We, us, our, oursours

Second PersonSecond Person

You, your, You, your, yoursyours

You, your, You, your, yoursyours

Third PersonThird Person

He, him, his, He, him, his, she, her, hers, she, her, hers, it, itsit, its

They, them, They, them, their, theirstheir, theirs

Ex. went to the store.Ex. went to the store.SarahSarahSheShe

PRONOUNSPRONOUNSReflexive PronounsReflexive Pronouns: : adds information adds information

to the sentence by pointing to the sentence by pointing

backback to a noun or pronoun to a noun or pronoun

earlier in a sentenceearlier in a sentence

Ex. Michael taught himself to play the Ex. Michael taught himself to play the guitar.guitar.

Demonstrative PronounsDemonstrative Pronouns: direct attention : direct attention

to specific people, places, thingsto specific people, places, things

*demonstrates*demonstrates

Ex. Ex. ThisThis TheseThese

ThatThat ThoseThose

TheseThese books are new. books are new.

ThisThis boy boyThatThat girl girl

ThoseThose peoplepeople

PRONOUNSPRONOUNSRelative PronounsRelative Pronouns: : ConnectsConnects a subordinate a subordinate

clause clause to the rest of the sentenceto the rest of the sentence

Ex. He found the cattle Ex. He found the cattle that that he lost.he lost.

that which who whom whosethat which who whom whose

Interrogative PronounsInterrogative Pronouns: used to begin a question: used to begin a question

what which who whom whosewhat which who whom whose

Ex. Ex.

WhatWhat did you say? did you say?

Which Which of the answers is best?of the answers is best?

PRONOUNSPRONOUNS

Indefinite PronounsIndefinite Pronouns: refer to people, places, : refer to people, places,

or things, often without specifying which onesor things, often without specifying which ones

another anybody anyone both few all anyanother anybody anyone both few all any

SeveralSeveral of the guests were late. of the guests were late.

EveryoneEveryone ate ate everythingeverything offered. offered.

VERBS:VERBS:a word that expresses time while showing an a word that expresses time while showing an action, condition, or the fact that something action, condition, or the fact that something

existsexists

Action verbsAction verbs: tells what action : tells what action

someone or something is performingsomeone or something is performing

He He scoredscored a touchdown. a touchdown.

She She kicked kicked the ball.the ball.

We We laughedlaughed at the movie. at the movie.

VERBSVERBSTransitive VerbTransitive Verb: takes an object, : takes an object,

action is directed to an objectaction is directed to an object

The pitcher throws the ball.The pitcher throws the ball.

VerbVerb ObjectObject

IntransitiveIntransitive: Does not : Does not

direct its action to an objectdirect its action to an object

The pitcher throws.The pitcher throws.No No object.object.

VerbVerb

VerbsVerbsLinking VerbsLinking Verbs: connects a word : connects a word

or words at or near the beginning or words at or near the beginning

of a sentence with a word or words of a sentence with a word or words

at or near the end.at or near the end.

Example:Example:

I am an English teacher.I am an English teacher.

Ex.Ex.

Can beCan be

Would haveWould have

Has beenHas been

IsIs

Was Was

WereWere

AmAm

ADJECTIVES:ADJECTIVES: words used to describe a noun or pronoun or to words used to describe a noun or pronoun or to give a noun or pronoun a more specific meaninggive a noun or pronoun a more specific meaning

They answer:They answer:

What kind?What kind?

Which one?Which one?

How many?How many?

How much?How much?

Scary pumpkinScary pumpkin

Orange pumpkinOrange pumpkin

That pumpkinThat pumpkin

Her pumpkinHer pumpkin

One pumpkinOne pumpkin

Some pumpkinsSome pumpkins

ADJECTIVESADJECTIVESNouns as Adjectives:Nouns as Adjectives: nouns become nouns become

adjectives when they modify adjectives when they modify

other nouns and answer other nouns and answer

What kind? (and) Which one?What kind? (and) Which one?

Noun: PineappleNoun: Pineapple

Noun: JuiceNoun: Juice

Pineapple JuicePineapple Juice

NounNoun

AdjectiveAdjective

Pineapple + JuicePineapple + Juice

What kind?What kind?

ADJECTIVESADJECTIVESProper AdjectiveProper Adjective: a : a proper noun used as an adjectiveproper noun used as an adjective

or an adjective formed from a proper nounor an adjective formed from a proper noun

Proper NounProper Noun Proper AdjectiveProper Adjective

MexicoMexico MexicanMexican Food Food

San Marcos High San Marcos High SchoolSchool

San Marcos High San Marcos High School’sSchool’s band band

Mrs. HolzbauerMrs. Holzbauer Mrs. Holzbauer’sMrs. Holzbauer’s class class

AnswersAnswers

Which kind? Or Which one?Which kind? Or Which one?

ADJECTIVESADJECTIVES

Compound adjective: an Compound adjective: an adjective adjective

made up of made up of more than one wordmore than one word

Ex. Freeze-dried coffeeEx. Freeze-dried coffee

Ex. Strawberry-banana yogurtEx. Strawberry-banana yogurt

ADJECTIVESADJECTIVESPronouns used as adjectivesPronouns used as adjectives::

A pronoun A pronoun functions as an adjective if it modifies a nounfunctions as an adjective if it modifies a noun

Ex. Ex. My bookMy book

Your bookYour bookThese are most These are most

often possessive pronouns.often possessive pronouns.

Which Which one?one?

Demonstrative Demonstrative Adjectives:Adjectives:

This that these thoseThis that these those

This book is hilarious!This book is hilarious!

AdjectiveAdjective

This is hilarious!This is hilarious!PronounPronoun

ADJECTIVESADJECTIVES

Interrogative Adjectives:Interrogative Adjectives:

used to ask a questionused to ask a question

Remember, adjectives do Remember, adjectives do not take the place of not take the place of a noun, they modify a noun, they modify a noun or pronoun..a noun or pronoun..

WhatWhat name should I call you? name should I call you?

““What” What” modifies modifies

“name“name.”.”

WhoseWhose shirt is this? shirt is this?

““Whose” modifies Whose” modifies “shirt.”“shirt.”

ADJECTIVESADJECTIVESIndefinite adjectivesIndefinite adjectives::

Modifies a person, place, Modifies a person, place,

or thing without being specific.or thing without being specific.

Ex.Ex.

Another crackerAnother cracker

Few students like grammar.Few students like grammar.

How many How many crackers?crackers?

Which Which students?students?

ADJECTIVESADJECTIVESVerbs used as adjectivesVerbs used as adjectives::

When verbs are used to modify a noun or pronounWhen verbs are used to modify a noun or pronoun

Mainly end inMainly end in

– –ing ing

OrOr

-ed-ed

The sitting owl was still.The sitting owl was still.

The melted ice was in the sun.The melted ice was in the sun.

ADJECTIVESADJECTIVES

AA

Articles:Articles:

ANAN

TheThe

ADVERBS:ADVERBS:a word that modifies a verb, an a word that modifies a verb, an

adjective, or another verbadjective, or another verb

Answers the Answers the questions:questions:

ADVERBSADVERBS

Examples:Examples:

The girl ran quickly.The girl ran quickly. Answers: How?Answers: How?

The girl ran earlier.The girl ran earlier. Answers: When?Answers: When?

The girl ran there.The girl ran there. Answers: Where?Answers: Where?

The girl ran exceptionally.The girl ran exceptionally. Answers: To what extent?Answers: To what extent?

ADVERBSADVERBSAdjectives vs. Adverbs…..which is which?Adjectives vs. Adverbs…..which is which?

AdverbAdverb The student ran straight towards the door.The student ran straight towards the door.

AdjectiveAdjective The road was straight.The road was straight.

VerbVerb

nounnoun

Prepositions:Prepositions:a word that relates a noun or pronoun that a word that relates a noun or pronoun that

appears with it to another word in the appears with it to another word in the sentencesentence

Examples:Examples:

AboveAbove BelowBelow BetweenBetween

BeyondBeyond AroundAround WithoutWithout

There are There are many many moremore..

The umbrella is The umbrella is above their above their

heads.heads.Her feet are Her feet are

under the under the table.table. They are They are

looking at looking at each other.each other.

PrepositionsPrepositionsCompound PrepositionsCompound Prepositions::

Prepositions consisting of more than one wordPrepositions consisting of more than one word

Examples:Examples:

-on top of-on top of -next to-next to -prior to-prior to

The coffee is on top of the table.The coffee is on top of the table.

I was standing next to the table.I was standing next to the table.

We met prior to the meeting to discuss details.We met prior to the meeting to discuss details.

PrepositionsPrepositionsPrepositional phrase:Prepositional phrase:

a group of words that a group of words that includes a preposition includes a preposition

and a noun or pronounand a noun or pronoun, called the object , called the object

of the preposition.of the preposition.

Example:Example:

We had a picnic in the park.We had a picnic in the park.

PrepositionPreposition

Object of the Object of the prepositionpreposition

PrepositionsPrepositionsIs it a preposition or an adverb?Is it a preposition or an adverb?

The smoke drifted up the chimney.The smoke drifted up the chimney.

The dark, ugly smoke drifted up.The dark, ugly smoke drifted up.

Preposition

Preposition

Object of the Object of the prepositioprepositio

nn

adverbadverbModifies Modifies this verbthis verb

Conjunctions: Conjunctions: a word used a word used to connect other words or groups of to connect other words or groups of

wordswords

Coordination conjunctions: Coordination conjunctions:

connects other words or groups of wordsconnects other words or groups of words

FForor

AAndnd

NNoror

BButut

OOrr

YYetet

SSoo

I liked reading both I liked reading both TwilightTwilight and and Harry PotterHarry Potter..

I thought I had a “C,” but I actually had an “A.”I thought I had a “C,” but I actually had an “A.”

ConjunctionsConjunctionsCorrelative Conjunctions:Correlative Conjunctions:

The same as coordinating conjunctions, but used in pairsThe same as coordinating conjunctions, but used in pairs

Ex.Ex.

Both…andBoth…and

Neither…norNeither…nor

Whether…orWhether…or

Either…orEither…or

Not only…but alsoNot only…but also

I understand both integers and square roots.I understand both integers and square roots.

Neither television nor the computer distracted me from my work.Neither television nor the computer distracted me from my work.

ConjunctionsConjunctionsSubordinating Conjunctions:Subordinating Conjunctions:

Connects two complete ideasConnects two complete ideas by by

making making one of the ideas subordinateone of the ideas subordinate

(less important) to the other(less important) to the other

Ex.Ex.

Because Carol practices, she is a good artist.Because Carol practices, she is a good artist.

Ex.Ex.

Even though I like Even though I like Huck. FinnHuck. Finn, I like , I like Cuckoo’s NestCuckoo’s Nest better. better.

Makes this Makes this part part

importantimportant

Makes this part Makes this part importantimportant

Interjections: Interjections: a word that a word that expresses emotion and functions expresses emotion and functions

independently of a sentenceindependently of a sentence

Ouch!Ouch!

Hooray!Hooray!

$#%@!$#%@!