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Parts of Speech
Parts of Speech
noun verbpro.
adj. adv.
interj.
prep.
conj.
Kinds of Sentencesdeclarative - makes a statement and ends with a period.
Example: The house will be built on a hill.
interrogative - asks a question and ends with a question mark.
Example: How did you find the card?
exclamatory - shows strong feeling and ends with an exclamation mark.
Example: The monster is attacking!
imperative - gives a command.Example: Cheryl, try the other door.
sometimes the subject of an imperative sentence (you) is understood.
Example: Look in the closet. (You, look in the closet.)
The Clause
S subject
P predicate (verb)
dependentindependen
t
Dependent or subordinate clauses are
introduced with subordinating conjunctions:
The Dependent/Subordinate Clause
after even though than while
although if that whetheras in order that thoughas if rather than unlessbecause since until before so that when
Groups of words that do not contain both a subject and a verb. Collectively, the words in the phrases function as a
single part of speech.
The Phrase
prepositional - preposition + object and modifiers; act as adjectives or adverbs
infinitive - “to” + verb; act as adjectives, adverbs or nouns
appositive - renames, or identifies, a noun or pronoun
participial - past or present verb form + modifiers; acts as an adjective
gerund - an “-ing” verb form + its complements and modifiers; acts as a noun
absolute - a noun or pronoun followed by a participle
Clauses and PunctuationA dependent clause that appears at the beginning of a sentence must be separated from the independent clause in the sentence by a comma.
D,IAfter it snowed, the earth appeared serene and
magical. When two independent clauses are joined together in one sentence without a coordinating conjunction, they must be separated by a semicolon.
I;IThe monkey climbed; he liked the tall tree.
When two independent clauses are joined into one sentence by a coordinating conjunction such as “for,” “and,” “nor,” “but,” “or,” “yet,” or “so,” the writer must place a comma before the coordinating conjunction.
I,ccIJessica loves John, and John loves Jenny.
I,ccI
D, I
I D
I, cc I
I;I
complex
compound
subject
predicate
D.O. I.O.
S.C.
You must have agreement oryour sentence is dead.
The flower are here.
antecedent
pronoun
You must also have pronoun antecedent agreement,or your sentence is dead.
The artist went to the store; they needed paint.
subject
D.O.
S.C.L.V.
A.V. I.O.
The Logic of Sentence Analysis
If the verb is action, then Do not look for a subject complement. Look for a direct object. If you find a direct object, then Look for an indirect object.
Find the subject/predicate set.
Is the verb ACTION or LINKING?
If the verb is linking, then Do not look for a direct object. Look for a subject complement.
Four-Level Sentence Analysis
The modesty of the demand shook me.
Parts of Speech:
Parts of Sentence:
Phrases:
Clauses:
adj. noun. prep. adj. noun. v. pro.
subject pred.directobject
--- prepositional phrase---
one independent clause, simple sentence
diffidence, placid, adhere, quietus, miscreant, quixotic, reproof, condescend, somber, enigma, phlegmatic, undulate, sublime, resolute, strident, din, amicable, amorous, raconteur, profound, dejection, placid, amiably, tedious, mea culpa, perplex, impede, interpose, incisive, impassive, admonish, aperture, avidly, perfidious, miasma, abject, portal, fain, sanguinary, retort, blithe, imperiously, hauteur, patronize, aloof, boon, cypher, wince, defray, genial, cadaverous, artifice, remonstrate, nether, upbraid, solicitous, proffer, conveyance, mauve, hitherto, succulent, ardent, tremulous, recriminate, assail, virulent, insinuate
Peter PanBy James M. Barrie
vulnerable, reserved, privy, feigned, levity, revelation, plagiaristic, scorn, marred, suppressions, fundamental, decencies, parceled, conduct, corky, founded, riotous, imperceptibly, glimpses, exempt, unaffected, abortive, prominent, bungalow, conferred, conviction, epigram, shrill, contour, perpetual, courtesy, phenomenon, superficial, bizarre, divan, colossal, eyesore, proximity, acute, anticlimax, reproach, gayety, wistfully, feebly, turbulence, irrecoverable, supercilious, effeminate, leverage, coherence, sophisticated, fractiousness, defiant, vista, pungent, ajar, buoyed, cynical, conscientious, murmur, surname, irrelevant, skepticism, gay, ecstatically, desolate, mourning, wail, claret, decisively, deft, retorted, incredulously, accentuated, reciprocal, wan, contemptuously, imperatively, languidly, diminished, settee, radiantly, hulking, unobtrusively, bantering, bellows, pessimist, ferociously, fervent, infinitesimal, pathetic, verandas, content, extemporizing, devoid, subdued, audible, verge, ceased, nightingale, decisively, hardy, intriguing, vigil, tangible, turbulent, sedative, ether, compel, crimson, glinted, asserted, rotogravure, anon, peremptorily, corroborated, libel, banns, egotism, wayside, roller, silhouette, intimation
The Great Gatsby
Chapter OneBy F. Scott Fitzgerald
ante (before) antedate, antecedent, antebellum, anterior,
antemeridiem, antepenult
anti (against) anti-aircraft, antibody, anticlimax, anticline, antitoxin, antithesis
Stem Definition Examples:
anthropo (human being) misanthrope, anthropology,
anthropocentric, philanthropic,
auto (self) autocrat, automatic,
autograph, autobiography, automaton
Stem Definition Examples:
bi (two) bilateral, bicycle, binary, biped, bimonthly, bipolar,
binocular
circum (around) circumnavigate,
circumspect, circumvent, circumlocution
Stem Definition Examples:
com (together) combination, comfort,
complete, commensurate, common, combo
con (together) contract, confidence, confine, confederate, conjunction, contact
Stem Definition Examples:
crat (rule, govern) autocrat, aristocratic, democrat, theocracy,
bureaucrat
cred (believe, trust) incredulous, credibility, credence, incredible,
credit, credential
Stem Definition Examples:
de (down, away, from) deposit, descent,
despicable, deduct, denounce, demolish
dis (away) distract, distort, dispute,
dissonant, disperse, dismiss, dissuade
Stem Definition Examples:
equi (equal) equitable, equilateral, equivocate, equinox, equation, equilibrium
extra (beyond) extraterrestrial,
extraordinary, extravagant, extrovert, extramural
Stem Definition Examples:
grad (step, degree, rank) gradual, graduate,
gradation, grade, gradum
grat (pleasing, thankful) grateful, gratitude,
ingratiate, congratulate, gratify
Stem Definition Examples:
inter (between) international,
interdepartmental, interstellar, interject,
interlude
intra (within) intracellular, intravenous,
intracranial, intrastate, intrauterine
Stem Definition Examples:
intro (into) introduce, introspective,
introvert, introject, introrse, intromission
in (not, go into) inaccurate, incongruous,
indolence, insidious, inhabit, invoke
Stem Definition Examples:
logy (study or theory of) biology, ecology, geology,
cosmology, sociology, etymology
lat (side or wide) lateral, bilateral, latitude,
latitudinal
Stem Definition Examples:
logue (speech, word, idea, reason)
prologue, dialogue, monologue, epilogue,
logical , logotype
mis (bad) misfit, mistake, misfortune,
misfire, misery, miser, misdeed
Stem Definition Examples:
mal (bad) maladjusted, malfunction,
malice, malady, malnutrition, malevolent
non (not) nonstop, nonprofit, none,
nonchalant, nonconformity
Stem Definition Examples:
post (after) postgraduate,
posthumous, postscript, posterity, posterior,
pre (before) prelude, preposition,
premonition, premature, predict, predecessor
Stem Definition Examples:
pro (forward) promote, protagonist, produce, proficient,
progress,
per (through) percolate, pervasive,
permeate, perfunctory, perspective, perceive
Stem Definition Examples:
semi (half) semitone, semiaquatic, semicircle, semiweekly,
semiannual,
sub (under, beneath) subterranean, subtract, subterfuge subservient,
subordinate,
Stem Definition Examples:
super (over) supervise, superb,
superior, superfluous, supercilious,
syn (together) synthetic, synchronize, syndrome, synonym,
synopsis, syntax
Stem Definition Examples:
spect (see, look, behold) spectator, introspective,
spectacle, inspect, spectacular
sol (sun, alone) solstice, solarium, solar, solo, solitary, soliloquy
Stem Definition Examples:
sym (together) sympathy, symbiosis, symbol, symmetry,
symphony, symposium
tri (three) tricycle, triangle, triceps,
triad, trichotomy, triceratops, trivia
Stem Definition Examples:
un (not) unfit, unequal, undone, unequivocal, unearned,
unconventional, untenable
Stem Definition Examples:
ver (truth) verify, verdant, vernacular,
veracity, verbatim, veritable,
Stem Definition Examples: