sun

- is an average star, a sole source of light and heat in the solar system and huge glowing ball of hydrogen and helium gas.

4.5 billion years old now

Parts of the Sun

Inner Parts Outer Parts

Outer Parts of the Sun

Prominences

Photosphere

• The “visible” surface of the Sun

• It is not a solid surface, but rather a layer of gasses

• few hundred kilometers thick, with a temperature of 6000 K

Sun Spots• They are dark spots on

the Sun.

• They are regions of the photosphere that have a lower temperature then the surrounding regions and has a very strong magnetic fields.

Effects

Chromosphere

• a red circle around the outside of the sun and is the inner layer of the Sun’s atmosphere.

• When it can be seen it looks like a red circle around the Sun.

• , temperature - 7000 K

Prominences -  are dense clouds of

material suspended above the surface of the sun by loops of magnetic field .

• (also known as a filament when viewed against the solar disk) is a large, bright feature extending outward from the Sun's surface

The Corona

• The outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere.

• Formed by the vapors emitted by the bubbling gases in the photosphere.

Inner Parts of the Sun

The Core

- central part of the sun where hydrogen fuses into helium to give off energy.

Temperature (10 million to 20 million degrees Celsius)

density of 160 g/cm^340 percent of the sun's mass in 10

percent of the volume

Inner Parts

Hydrogen Gamma Rays &

Neutrinos

Radiative Zone - a layer of a star's interior

where energy is primarily transported toward the exterior by means of radiative diffusion.

• It can take million of years for energy to move out of this layer.

• temperature is 4 million kelvins (7 million degrees F).

• 60 percent of the mass in 90 percent of the volume.

Convective Zone - outer-most layer of the solar

interior. It extends from a depth of about 200,000 km right up to the visible surface.

• temperature is about 2,000,000° C.

• Energy moves out of this layer in about a week.

• density is only 0.0000002 gm/cm³

Effects of the Sunspots

• Radio communication • magnetic sub-storms• auroral activity• Telecommunications• electrical power grid.

Aurora Borealis

• Also called the Northern Lights• Energy from the solar flares also causes

displays of different-colored lights in the upper atmosphere.

• Most often seen in Alaska, Canada, and the Northern United States

Aurora Australis

• (also known as the southern lights, and southern polar lights) is the southern hemisphere counterpart to the aurora borealis. In the sky, an aurora australis takes the shape of a curtain of light, or a sheet, or a diffuse glow; it most often is green, sometimes red, and occasionally other colors too.

• Hydrogen• Chemical Element• Hydrogen is a chemical element with chemical symbol H and

atomic number 1. With an atomic weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Wikipedia

• Symbol: H• Atomic number: 1• Electron configuration: 1s1• Electrons per shell: 1• Atomic radius: 53 pm• Atomic mass: 1.00794 ± 0.00001 u• Discoverer: Henry Cavendish

Gamma rays

- are photons with high energy and high frequency. It absorbed and re-emitted by many atoms on their journey from the envelope to the outside of the sun.

• When the gamma rays leave atoms, their average energy is reduced.

• However, the first law of thermodynamics (which states that energy can neither be created nor be destroyed) plays a role and the number of photons increases.

The size of the Sun

• If the Sun were a hollow ball more then a million Earths could fit inside it!

• The Sun is an average size star and the largest object in the solar system.

• The Sun looks larger than the other stars that can be seen in the night sky because it is much closer to Earth.

• Question: 1. Write the different parts of the Sun (in order

from inner to outer parts)2. What is the importance of the Sun?3. What are the effects of the sunspots?