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Structured Cabling
(Copper & Fiber)by Fadi Ghaoui
Structured Cabling Fiber Optic Cabling
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Structured Cabling
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Copper Buzz Words
Data Rate (Mbps or KBPS) Wire Gauge (AWG) Categories Cat3, Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6 and Cat6A (10Gig) Shielded or unshielded Twisted pair T1: This cable is two twisted pairs of 22 AWG, 100 ohm, Individual SHLD
24 Phone calls at one time or 1,544 KBPS of Data T3: Coax 734 (20AWG) for 450ft and 735 (26AWG) for 225ft (Both 75ohm)
672 Phone calls at one time or 44,736 KBPS of Data Bare Copper (BC) or Tinned Copper (TC)
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Entrance Facility
ServiceProvider
The entrance facility is the point where outside cabling and servicesinterface with backbone cabling.
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Telecommunications Room
Telecommunications Room is the area within a building that housestelecommunications/networking equipment, as well as the cross-connection(patch panels) between backbone and horizontal cabling. I.e. Horizontal Cross-connect (HC).
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Backbone
Backbone consists of the pathways and cabling that provide theinterconnection between the Building Entrance/Equipment Room and theTelecommunication Rooms. It consists of the mechanical terminations forbackbone-to-horizontal cross-connects.
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Horizontal
Horizontal consists of the pathway and cabling that extends betweenthe Telecommunications Room and the Work Area.
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Work Area
Work Area is where personal computers, telephones,printers, etc are located. It also includes equipmentcords that connect the device to the horizontal cable.
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The Standard Horizontal Link
From the desk to the TR, the horizontal link : Horizontal cable, four-pair or optical fiber
Maximum distance for the horizontal link is 90 meters (295 feet), to make sure thenetworking devices will work properly.
Reliability is provided by star topology No interruptions in your private line to the TR One cable cut does not affect the rest of the network
Ethernet switch
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Fiber Optic Cabling
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Multimode (Data-Communications, less than 600 meters or 2,000 feet) 50/125: Increased demand with new laser transmitters
and 10Gig technology
62.5/125: Most common in US
Singlemode (Telecommunications, more than 600meters or 2,000 feet)
50 micron core (glass)245 micron coating (UV Acrylate)
125 micron cladding (glass)
Fiber Types
62.5 micron core (glass)125 micron cladding (glass)
245 micron coating (UV Acrylate)
8 - 9.3 micron core (glass)
245 micron coating (UV Acrylate)
125 micron cladding (glass)
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Singlemode Fiber
Single mode fiber has a core diameter of 8 to 9microns, which only allows one light path or mode
Index of refraction
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Fiber Buzz Words
S ingle Mode ( SM): Carries only a single ray of light (mode). Multi Mode ( MM): Carries multiple (colors) rays of light (modes). BIF: Bend Insensitive Fiber MIC: Multi-fiber Indoor Cable
Can be SM or MM OFN P : Optical Fibre Non-conductive Plenum OFN R : Optical Fibre Non-conductive Riser FTTP: Fiber To The P remise
FTTH: Fiber To The Home
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What is FTTH & FTTP
FTTP: Fiber to the premise
FTTH: Fiber To The Home
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Codes and standards
Plenum: The space that is used for air circulation in heating and airconditioning systems. Air return
Riser: Type of cable used in vertical building shafts with no air return OSP (Outside Plant): Direct buried, Aerial, Normally Shielded, Can be
Jell Filled or Dry Block Filled I/O (Indoor/Outdoor): Can be plenum or riser. They can run in outside
or inside environment. Tight or loose buffer
What does OFNR & OFNP stand for?1. OFNR: Optical Fiber Nonconductive Riser 2. OFNP: Optical Fiber Nonconductive Plenum
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Optical Fiber
Core Glass or plastic with a higher index of
refraction than the cladding Carries the signal
Cladding Glass or plastic with a lower index of
refraction than the core Buffer
Protects the fiber from damage andmoisture
Jacket Holds one or more fibers in a cable
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What is Zero Water Peak Fiber
Zero Water Peak fibers are single-mode fibers inwhich the stray Hydrogen atoms (H2O) are reducedsignificantly or eliminated, which improves signalloss, this frees up more wavelengths for high qualitytransmission. These fibers allow 50% morechannels by opening up the wavelength rangearound 1240 - 1400 nm.
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Index of Refraction
When light enters a dense medium like glass or water, it slowsdown
The index of refraction (n) is the ratio of the speed of light invacuum to the speed of light in the medium
Water has n = 1.3 Light takes 30% longer to travel through it
Fiber optic glass has n = 1.5 Light takes 50% longer to travel through it
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