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PAST TENSE El Pretérito
El Pretérito:
is a past tense (“-ed”) talks about what happened Describes a completed past action
1. REGULAR VERBS
Verbs ending in - AR Pretérito endings for -
ar verbs are:
- é - amos
- aste - asteis
- ó - aron
Pretérito endings for –ER / -IR verbs are:
- í - imos
- iste - isteis
- ió - ieron
-CAR
If a verb ends in –CAR, we still use the regular –AR ending, but the stem will change in the YO form
Drop the –car and add -qué Practicar Yo practiqué
- GAR Drop the –gar and add gué JUGAR Yo jugué
- ZAR
Drop the –zar and add -cé ALMORZAR Yo almorcé
For verbs that end in a vowel after you drop the temination ER, IR.:
aer – caer – to falleer – leer = to read; creer = to think / believeoir = to hearuir – to flee - huir The third person singular form (él, ella, usted)
uses the ending yó
(rather than ió).
The third person plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes) uses the ending yeron (rather than ieron).
The remaining forms gain a written accent over the letter “i”.
For example: leer- to read
Yo leí
Tú leíste
Él, Ella, Ud. leyó
Nosotros leímos
Vosotros leísteis
Ellos, Ellas, Uds. leyeron
Verbs that end in -uir change in the same way, but the
written accent over the letter "i" only occurs in the
yo form.
For example: construir- to construct
Yo construí
Tú construiste
Él, Ella, Usted construyó
Nosotros construimos
Vosotros construisteis
Ellos, Ellas, Ustedes construyeron
You will need to know the following Spelling-Change Verbs:
caer (to fall)
creer (to think/believe)
leer (to read)
oír (to hear)
construir (to construct)
incluir (to include)
influir (to influence)
The only verbs that have a stem change in the preterite tense are those which meet the following three requirements:
1. The infinitive of the verb ends in –ir.
2. The verb was a stem-changing verb in the present tense.
3. It does NOT fall into one of the other categories of verbs in preterite: regular, car/gar/zar, completely irregular,
* -ar and –er verbs that changed stems in the present tense do NOT change stems in the preterite- they are conjugated like all other regular preterite verbs
In preterite, there are two types of stem changes:
1. If the stem contains an e, it changes to an i ( E to I )
sentir > sintió
2. If the stem contains an o, it changes to a u ( O to U )
dormir > durmió
In preterite, the stem only changes in two forms:
1. Third Person Singular ( él, ella, usted)
2. Third Person Plural (ellos, ellas, ustedes)
Some examples:E to I
REPETIR - (to repeat)
O to U
DORMIR- (to sleep)
yo repetí dormí
tú repetiste dormiste
él, ella, usted repitió durmió
Nosotros repetimos dormimos
vosotros repetisteis dormisteis
ellos, ellas, ustedes
repitieron durmieron
You will need to know the following E to I verbs:
Competir- to compete Requerir- to require, to need
Conseguir- to get, to obtain Seguir- to follow, to continue
Divertirse- to have fun, to enjoy oneself Sentirse- to feel
Pedir- to request, to ask for Servir- to serve
Preferir- to prefer Vestirse- to dress oneself
Repetir- to repeat
You will need to know the following O to U verbs:
Dormir- to sleep Morir- to die
Verbs whose stem change in: V stems Andar stem: anduv- Estar stem: estuv- Tener stem: tuv-
U stems Poder stem: pud- Saber stem: sup- Poner stem: pus -
J stems: Decir stem: Dij – Traer stem: traj- Atraer stem: atraj – Traducir stem: traduj- Producir stem: produj- Conducir stem: conduj-
I stems: Querer stem: Quis- Venir stem: Vin-
For the “VUI” you need to add the following endings after changing the stem
- e - imos
- iste - isteis
- o - ieron
If the stem ends in “J” you need to add the following endings after changing the stem - e - imos
- iste - isteis
- o - eron
SER / IR
fui fuimos
fuiste fuisteis
fue fueron
HACER
hice hicimos
hiciste hicisteis
hizo hicieron
VER
vi vimos
viste visteis
vio vieron
DAR
di dimos
diste disteis
dio dieron