Pastoralist and Development

Eritrean Map

Background and Context Analysis,

• 1/3 of the Eritrea populations are estimated to be pastoralists. • The Eastern and Western arid and semi arid Lowlands are highly

dominated by pastoralists. • Pastoralists adapted itself to the fragile and drought prone

ecosystems. • The Italian and British colonies did none either on serving or on

ruling the pastoralists and their lands.• During the Eritrean struggle for independence (1961-1991) the

pastoralist were highly affected by war detergence. • The Recent Ethio-Eritrean border war cause:-• more pastoralist displacement, • makes cross boards herding impossible, • left over 1,000,000 mines in grazing lands • Created flow of deportees to fertile lands.

Pastoralists in Action

Pastoralists in Action

Pastoralists in Action

Pastoralists in Action

Pastoralists in Action

The Development and rehabilitation programs,

• Eritrea on rehabilitation and development process• The development programs focus on education, health,

infrastructure and food security • Rehabilitation was mainly on Communities Developments as:-• Army demobilizations, • Returnee's resettlement,• Pastoralists, resettlement to fixed villages • Developments agencies defused resources on the programs. • These enable the government to expand programs. • As a result the education services growth by 215% and the health

services grow in almost similar rate. • Mechanization introduced in the farming system• Demobilization and resettlement process accelerated.

Development and Rehabilitation

Development and Rehabilitation

Development and Rehabilitation

Development and Rehabilitation

Development and Rehabilitation approaches

The development approaches. 1. Supporting ( E.g. food aid,).2. Guiding ( pre-request for support. E.g. Re-

structural adjustment)3. Ruling/ Ordering (E.g. pastoralist

resettlements).4. Following (supporting on going activities.)5. Enabling ( responding to community needs) 6. Stimuli (provoking community to act positively

as a result of consciousness raising

Participation,Participation categories,

1. Physical participation (attending meetings, listing to orders)2. Beneficiary participation ( Eg, food aid, food for work,)3. Technical participation ( gaining skills, Eg. Vocational training, 4. Behavioral participation is a meaning full participation by heart,

head and feet's. This could be attained by :-• Provoking the community/ individual to stimuli/respond• Integrate in the community cultural practices believes and altitudes.• Teaching real skills as vocational skills, information technology.• Attracting the community to adapt your skill

Impact of the programs and reaction

Farming expansions and Resettlementcreated a huge computation on resources sharing.

These cause loose of:- • Grazing land, • Forest trees, • Pasture• Water• Wield life • Herding skills

Reflection• The palm tree lives serve people and

livestock. However the orange fruits are only for rich people… ( Mussa Ali )

Reflection• Trees are against development. We are

spending huge money on clearing land Co,farmers group)

Reflection

• Farmers need the land for three months only but we need it for ever.“

Reflection• “we are loosing the most useful animal

food and land protection due to land clearing.”

Reflection• Cutting trees and bush will lead us to

poverty.“

Reflection• We loose our source of income and

shades in addition to livestock production.

Reflection• Development could only happen if people

come together and settle for getting smooth services.

The challenge1. How should states address the

challenges of resource sharing ?

Development stories

• Organizations for developmentsA forum for pastoral development & advocacy ( enabling approach)

A group for farming & livelihood support. (stimuli approach)

Differences and similarity

• Expect guidance and funds,

• Government consider them beneficiaries.

• Action need consultation support and take time.

•Expect benefits from their own effort.•Government appreciates and supports them. •Take action when every they feel it important

Differences and similarity

•Ask for support and feel as stockholders.•Communication needs arrangements and takes time.•Clarity of role needs some work and discussions.

•Feel full ownership and responsibility. •Ready to make any possible decision.•Communication is fast, smooth and to the level of the people. •Clear roles

Differences and similarity

• e•Focus on capacity building.•Collaborate and suggested plans/ activities•Needs management cost.•Reluctant to invest

•Focus on production.•Administer all plans/ activities•Very limit management cost•Committed to Investment

What would be the future of pastoralist?

• Should they change? Adopt? Or reject Development programs?

Could Development programs adjusted to Pastoralists life?

• Capacity building without the existing traditional institutions foundation is like directionless swimming.

Do pastoralists own foundation for development?

• Building approaches based on the traditional practies & production system could ensure adaptability, duplication and sustainability. Eg the Tigre Reb'at.

•

Integrating pastoral life and Development

• Behavioral participation could only be created by internal reflection/ filling, belong ness and relating things to real life. And these should come to pastoralist from their own practices.

Development is open to all.• We could have verities of development

possibilities in different cultural context. But when we are asked to live our style and adjust to new style, it could be difficult.

Please come and enjoy fresh swimming in the read sea.

• Thank you for your attention,