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Pasture and Grassland rehabilitation improvement
in Mongolia
Johann HUMERNiederösterreichische Landeslandwirtschaftskammer
Eurasia Pacific Uninet Workshop “Pasture – and Grazing Management II
Mongolia Stat University of Agriculture, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
2013oct1 - 2013oct4
Experiences with GrasslandRENEWING Techniques
of Austria
GrasslandRENEWING Techniques
New New meadowmeadow installationinstallation withwith plowingplowing upup
RenewingRenewing / Renovation / Renovationwithwith Over- Over-seedingseeding
withoutwithout ploughing upploughing up
1122
The two main principles ofGrassland RENEWING
hoof cultivation
over-seeding
plowing upmethods
only when total loss,
for pest control, reclamation,
sicherer Anlageerfolg
easyer methods
Seeding basic techniqiesSeeding basic techniqies
Broadcast sowing
Slot row seeding with slot coulter
Classic seed drillingwith disc coulter
If good fodder grasses < 50 %
NEW PLANTED MEADOWSNEW PLANTED MEADOWS11• Soil analysis
pH, PK–soil values fertilizing plan
• Basic fertilizing: phosphorus & pottasium
• Advantange: cheapest investment
• Manure before seeding (20-25 t/ha)
• Most used technique: plough
Plowing up machinery
plow + harrow Most common new planted meadow
rotary harrowsrotor tillers
increasingly successful
cultivatorgrubber some successful results
mill-cutter
Seldom used, expensive, erosive problems, root weed problems may come up
New planted meadowwith cover crop oat ploughing up
Cover crop oat at july 2, 1997
ploughing up autumn 1996,
seeding springtime 1997
Example of a new planted meadowplowed up and at seeding time
Seeding with over-seeding currycomb „Einböck“
May 7,1997, Konradsheim
Rotor Tiller Seedingsimultaneously plowing and seeding
Rototiller seeding method
Seeding technique for new planted meadows in one way
DISC HARROW + ROTOR HARROW WITH SEEDING MACHINE
Grassland day, Bromberg, June 30, 2007
Seems to be a little over dimensioned
ROTOR HARROWRototiller [RAU] Cultitiller [KUHN]
Suitability
[ by tined wedge ]
Also for stony soils No plow neccesairy superior to mill-cutter
concerning soil erosion
and root weeds
Tined Wedges Working tools of a Rototiller
Grasland dayBromberg
June 30, 2007
Also for stony soils
by lowWorking depth
Grasland dayBromberg
June 30, 2007
satisfactory working image of a rototiller’s drill
Basic Basic knowledgeknowledge on grassland installation on grassland installationRoller & Cleaning cut
Rolling
Very important in dry areasTo improve the contact of soil humididty and sowed seedlingsImportant to avoid drying of the seedlings
Cleaning cutHelps to control quick emerging weeds
about at plant height of 20-40 cmabout 2-4 weeks after seed sowing
Meadow improvment
Renewing / RenovationRenewing / Renovationwith over-seeding methodswith over-seeding methods22
Types of seeding methods on unploughed grassland
Standard over-seeding techniques with grassland currycombs
EinböckHatzenbichler
Currently, the most common types of over-seeding techniques
umbruchlose Verfahren
Slot row seeder VREDO
Recommended for dry regions to ensure a safe germination of the seeds
Here: 2-times harrowed before
AVP, a strong tines currycomb over-seeding technique for weed control (Poa trivialis)
Grassland day, Strassburg, May 31, 2008
Spin seed spreader Spin seed spreader for repeated seedings of small grass seedsfor repeated seedings of small grass seeds
Meadow improvment
hoof cultivationhoof cultivation33
Pasture reclamation by hoof cultivation
Method for destroyed pastures
•Grass/legume seeds mixture •sowed 2-5 days before the end of grazing
•Grazing in summer by cows, calves or lambs•Animals trodde in the seed•Application of lime, magnesia and NPK after grazing
•Cost about half as much as ploughing and sowing•Following spring new green matter should be established
Pasture improvement and reclamation by hoof cultivation
A natural grassland dominated by Sasa paniculata, at 700 m alt. and of average slope 3.5°, was grazed in summer by cows, calves or lambs. A grass/legume seeds mixture was sown 2-5 days before the end of grazing (to be trodden in), and lime, Mg and NPK were applied after grazing ended. Losses in liveweight were easily restored by grazing on improved pasture. Reclamation was satisfactory in all treatments, and cost approx. half as much as ploughing and sowing. In the following spring, sown herbage was up to 97-5% of total green matter:
Research on the pasture reclamation by hoof cultivation:Authors. KIKUCHI, H.; KAGAMI, T.; HORI, K. Book Paper presented at the 9th int. Grassld Congr., São Paulo, Brazilian. 1965 pp. 11 pp.
Meadows care after renewing for stabilizing the success
Avoid destroying the young sward
NO grazing of the first growing up
Weed control by the 1st cut at 15-25 cm high
Cut it for hay production
Austrian fodder crops for meadows & pastures Perman. meadows mixtures Pasture-mixt. Over-seeding mixtures
Short name purpose A B C D OG PH G H PW Na Ni NiK Past I Na tro Past II
GRASSESLolium perenne
Dactylis glomerata
Festuca pratensis
Timothe pratensis
Poa patensis
Arrhenatherum ela.
Trisetum flavescens
Alopecurus prat.
Festuca rubra
Agrostis capillaris
Cynosurus cristatus
Festuca arundinacea
LEGUMESTrifolium pratense
Trifolium repens
Lotus corniculatus
Trifolium hybridum
Medicago sativa
Yield efficiency of reseeded
grassland in Austria
Seedmixture A)Dactylis glomerata, Festuca pratensis, Timothe pratensis, Poa
patensis, Festuca rubra,- Saatgutmischung
Seedmixture B) Lolium multiflorum italicum or Lolium boucheanum
SCHECHTNER Giselher, Hans NEURURER: Umbruchlose Grünlanderneuerung (1. Teil)
Beratungsservice Pflanzenproduktion Folge 7, 1984, BMLFW
Nachsaatversuch
1983Admont, Piber Bischofshofen
Schnitte: 3, 4, 5 + 6xkgN/ha: 0,30,60,
90,120
Nachsaat-Saatgut:Knaulgras,
Wiesenschwingel, Timothe, Wiesenrispe,
Rotschwingel
DI. J.HUMER Qualitätsverbesserung von Futterwiesen Folie - 31
Gumpensteiner reseeding trials on grassland renovation. Mean of 2 seeding maschines, 2 soils and 3 seed mixtures
with 1 and 2 replications of reseeding 2005 - 2010
Q:Pötsch :2012,Grünlander-neuerung, DAFNE Projekt 10276
https://www.dafne.at/dafne_plus_homepage/download.php?t=ProjectReportAttachment&k=2762
Graphic: HUMER
Jahre 2005 bis 2010
Autor
DI. Johann HUMER
Niederösterreichische
Landeslandwirtschaftskammer (1983-2014)
Wienerstrasse 64
3100 Sankt Pölten
johann.humer[et]gmail.com