Path to World War IIAfter WWI – a weak peaceAfter WWI – a weak peace

L of N – no enforcementL of N – no enforcementKellogg-Briand pact uselessKellogg-Briand pact uselessUS, UK, France, preoccupiedUS, UK, France, preoccupiedGermany, Italy, Japan more Germany, Italy, Japan more

hungry for power than peacehungry for power than peace

The AggressorsMussolini invades EthiopiaMussolini invades Ethiopia

Denounced by L of NDenounced by L of NJapan invades Manchuria 1931Japan invades Manchuria 1931

Nanjing “raped” in 1937Nanjing “raped” in 1937 Hitler rebuilds army to 600,000Hitler rebuilds army to 600,000

Condemned by L of NCondemned by L of N Franco’s civil war in SpainFranco’s civil war in Spain

Germany’s Demands LEBENSRAUM!LEBENSRAUM!

RhinelandRhinelandDMZ buffer zone near FranceDMZ buffer zone near France

AustriaAustriaAnschluss proposed by HitlerAnschluss proposed by Hitler

SudetenlandSudetenlandCzech. created as buffer state Czech. created as buffer state between Germany & Russiabetween Germany & Russia

Hitler Unchecked

Munich ConferenceMunich ConferenceAppeasementAppeasement

American IsolationismAmerican IsolationismNazi-Soviet nonaggression pactNazi-Soviet nonaggression pact

Prevents two-front warPrevents two-front war

“Give a man an inch”

Hitler rolls onHitler rolls onRest of Czechoslovakia(1938)Rest of Czechoslovakia(1938)Demands Danzig, PolandDemands Danzig, Poland

UK, France promise supportUK, France promise supportHitler invades 9-1-1939Hitler invades 9-1-1939

Game On!

Poland falls to BlitzkriegPoland falls to Blitzkrieg1.5 million soldiers1.5 million soldiersTanks, trucks, planes, boatsTanks, trucks, planes, boatsPolish air force gone in hours!Polish air force gone in hours!Whole country gone in weeksWhole country gone in weeks

Where are the Allies?War declared on Germany on War declared on Germany on

9-3-1939 by UK, France9-3-1939 by UK, FranceAllies vs. AxisAllies vs. Axis

No fighting - Phony War No fighting - Phony War Finland falls in March, 1940Finland falls in March, 1940 Denmark, Norway in AprilDenmark, Norway in AprilBelgium, Neth., Lux. In MayBelgium, Neth., Lux. In May

The Fate of France Maginot line a bustMaginot line a bust

Germans go through BelgiumGermans go through Belgium Miracle at DunkirkMiracle at Dunkirk Italy invades from SouthItaly invades from South Paris must be saved!Paris must be saved!

So the French just quitSo the French just quitArmistice signed in RR carArmistice signed in RR carVichy France allowed in SouthVichy France allowed in South

Britain AloneHitler plans air war before seaHitler plans air war before sea

Battle of BritainBattle of BritainRadar invented, codes brokenRadar invented, codes brokenBritish spirit, piloting skills British spirit, piloting skills

prove superior, Nazi’s loseprove superior, Nazi’s loseNo more to conquer in West, No more to conquer in West,

must go East and Southmust go East and South

The Eastern FrontGermany, Italy invade AfricaGermany, Italy invade Africa

Afrika Korps, the Desert FoxAfrika Korps, the Desert Fox Hitler finally invades U.S.S.R.Hitler finally invades U.S.S.R.

Scorched Earth Policy usedScorched Earth Policy usedLeningrad besieged, standsLeningrad besieged, stands

Moscow attacked, standsMoscow attacked, standsHitler refuses to pull backHitler refuses to pull back

War in the PacificJapan successful since 1931Japan successful since 1931

Needed additional resourcesNeeded additional resourcesHostile to European coloniesHostile to European coloniesU.S. cuts off oil, fears warU.S. cuts off oil, fears warYamamoto fears U.S. NavyYamamoto fears U.S. NavyDec. 7Dec. 7thth, 1941 – Pearl Harbor, 1941 – Pearl Harbor

Japan rolls in OceaniaInterests in Asian land/resourceInterests in Asian land/resourceSeeks G.E.A.C.P.S. Seeks G.E.A.C.P.S.

An Asia for AsiansAn Asia for AsiansTakes island after island Takes island after island

MacArthur vows “I will MacArthur vows “I will return” to Philippinesreturn” to Philippines

Est. P.O.W. and death campsEst. P.O.W. and death camps

The Allies strike backU.S. Navy rebuilt by Spring ’42U.S. Navy rebuilt by Spring ’42

Doolittle’s raid on TokyoDoolittle’s raid on TokyoBattle of MidwayBattle of MidwayIsland hopping campaignIsland hopping campaignGuadalcanalGuadalcanal

The island of deathThe island of death

U.S. joins Allies in EuropeStalin needs relief from Nazi’sStalin needs relief from Nazi’sAllies invade N. Africa firstAllies invade N. Africa first

Rommel def. By MontgomeryRommel def. By MontgomeryAt El AlameinAt El Alamein

Allies invade Italy nextAllies invade Italy nextMussolini taken from powerMussolini taken from power

Shot and hanged in MilanShot and hanged in Milan

The Second FrontAllies prepare for “Overlord”Allies prepare for “Overlord”

3.5 million troops3.5 million troopsNormandy, FranceNormandy, FranceJune 6June 6thth, 1944 “D-day”, 1944 “D-day”

Led by EisenhowerLed by EisenhowerBy August 25By August 25thth, Paris re-taken, Paris re-taken

One last push for Germany

Hitler gambled on W. Front Hitler gambled on W. Front attackattack

““Battle of the Bulge”Battle of the Bulge”Germany repulsed, allies Germany repulsed, allies

approach Berlinapproach Berlin

The End for HitlerRussians approach from EastRussians approach from EastU.S., British, French from WestU.S., British, French from WestMarries longtime girlfriendMarries longtime girlfriend

Eva BraunEva BraunSwallows poison, shoots selfSwallows poison, shoots selfMay 8May 8thth, 1945: V-E Day, 1945: V-E Day

In the Pacific

MacArthur ret. to PhilippinesMacArthur ret. to PhilippinesJap. Loses many islandsJap. Loses many islands

Iwo JimaIwo JimaKamikazes as last resortKamikazes as last resortNext stop: JapanNext stop: Japan

Truman’s new toy FDR dies in April of 1945FDR dies in April of 1945

V.P. Truman learns of new V.P. Truman learns of new weaponweapon

Weighs optionsWeighs optionsInvasion vs. atom bombInvasion vs. atom bomb

Hiroshima August 6 1945Hiroshima August 6 1945Nagasaki August 9 1945Nagasaki August 9 1945

September 2September 2ndnd, 1945: V-J Day, 1945: V-J Day

Paranoid White Guys Pearl Harbor BacklashPearl Harbor Backlash

Anti-Japanese sentimentAnti-Japanese sentimentE.O. 9066 (1942)E.O. 9066 (1942)

Internment of 112,000 Internment of 112,000 Japanese-Japanese-AmericansAmericans

Korematsu vs. U.S. (1944)Korematsu vs. U.S. (1944)U.S. 674-5 (1988)U.S. 674-5 (1988)

• Apology & $20,000 Apology & $20,000

Finding Hitler’s camps Anti-Semitism spreads w/HitlerAnti-Semitism spreads w/Hitler Nuremburg lawsNuremburg laws

KristallnachtKristallnacht Formation of GhettosFormation of Ghettos Emigration for some, Camps built Emigration for some, Camps built

for restfor rest Hitler’s Final SolutionHitler’s Final Solution

The Gas ChamberThe Gas Chamber

The War’s Aftermath 50 million dead50 million dead

Soldiers & CiviliansSoldiers & CiviliansRussia lost 10 millionRussia lost 10 million6 million Jews, others in camps6 million Jews, others in camps

War CrimesWar CrimesNuremberg TrialsNuremberg TrialsCrimes against HumanityCrimes against Humanity

Postwar EuropeBig Three meet at summits Big Three meet at summits

Stalin, Churchill, RooseveltStalin, Churchill, RooseveltYalta, Tehran, PotsdamYalta, Tehran, Potsdam

Create the United NationsCreate the United NationsReplace Gov’s in Germany, Replace Gov’s in Germany,

Italy, JapanItaly, JapanDivide Germany into zones of Divide Germany into zones of

occupationoccupation