PathogenEpidemic & Pandemic Test Review

1) Compare & Contrast Disease PathogensPlease use notes, book, info to complete chart

Bacteria Virus Parasite Fungus

Compare & Contrast Disease Pathogens

Bacteria Virus Parasite Fungus

Single cell Reproduces

asexually Killed with

antibiotics Ancient form of life Grow best in warm

moist/humid environ.

Prokaryotic..no nucleus

Non living Need a host, hijack cell

processes to reproduce Contain DNA Easily spread Prevented by vaccine Only catch it once (can

catch different strands)

Living organism

Feeds off host Eukaryotic

Living organism

Decomposer Cell wall, no

chloroplast Eukaryotic

2) Compare & Contrast Epidemics & Pandemics

Epidemic Pandemic

Compare & Contrast Epidemics & Pandemics

Epidemic Pandemic Regional Known disease that

infecting more individuals than usual

GlobalLarge % of individuals infectedUsually viralNew disease to humans

Best prevention is immunizations

Conditions to spread:Dense contact with wild animals or farm animalsAirportsPopulation poorly educated in disease preventionPoor sanitation systemsWeak central governmentPovertyPoor national sanitation systems

3) How does bacteria reproduce?

4) What does a graph representing the reproductive potential of bacteria look like?

5) How can we protect ourselves from bacterial disease?

3) How does bacteria reproduce?Binary fission

4) What does a graph representing the reproductive potential of bacteria look like?

5) How do we protect ourselves from bacterial disease?

Hygiene, cook food properly, hygiene

6) Why do you take over the counter medications when you have a cold?

7) The number of cases of a specific viral diseases has dropped over several years. What would most likely be the cause of this drop?

Why do you take over the counter medications when you have a cold? To treat the symptoms

The number of cases of a specific viral diseases has dropped over several years. What would most likely be the cause of this drop?

Immunizations/vaccinations

8) What is antimicrobial resistance (antibiotic resistance)?

9) How do we make antimicrobial resistance more likely?

10) Under what conditions will bacteria reproduce rapidly?

8) What is antimicrobial resistance (antibiotic resistance)?

Bacteria evolve. Resistance is the evolution of bacteria species to be unaffected by an antibiotic that killed them in the past.

9) How do we make antimicrobial resistance more likely? Overuse or misuse antibiotics

10) Under what conditions will bacteria reproduce rapidly?

warm, moist environments, average temperatures (don’t like EXTREME temps!)

11) What is it about 21st century society that makes pandemics much more likely to occur than in the past?

12) What is the purpose of quarantine or isolation?

11) What is it about 21st century society that makes pandemics much more likely to occur than in the past? Air travel/global connections

12) What is the purpose of quarantine or isolation? To protect individuals that are healthy from the pathogens making others sick.

13) How do vaccines protect against infection?

14) How do vaccines protect society?

15) Why do you need to get a flu shot every year?

13) How do vaccines protect against infection?Vaccines train/challenge your immune system, so that it produces antibodies to the virus. The next time your body encounters the virus, it destroys it and you don’t get sick.

14) How do vaccines protect society?By creating herd immunity that protects those that are unvaccinated

15) Why do you need to get a flu shot every year?The flu virus mutates as it moves through different organisms (bird, pig, human), so the flu you experience each year is a slightly different virus.

16) Some diseases are transmitted by vectors. How does a vector transmit disease?

17) What are some examples of vectors?

18) How do we protect society from vector transmitted diseases?

19) Name two vector transmitted diseases.

Some diseases are transmitted by vectors16) How does a vector transmit disease?It moves the disease agent from one person to another.17) What are some examples of vectors?Mosquito (#1), tick, flea18) How do we protect society from vector transmitted diseases? Control vectors through spraying programs, trash pick up, rodent control19) Name two vector transmitted diseases.Malaria, West Nile virus, Yellow Fever,Lyme Disease, Black Plaque

20) Name two viral diseases.

21) Name two bacterial diseases.

22) Name two fungal diseases.

20) Name two viral diseases.Chicken pox, aids, flu, measles

21) Name two bacterial diseases.Cholera, food poisoning

22) Name two fungal diseases.

Athletes’ foot, valley fever, ringworm

23) What do you need to do to remain healthy and avoid becoming sick?

23) What do you need to do to remain healthy and avoid becoming sick?

Get immunized/vaccinated

Proper hygiene…hand washing…avoid being around sick people….