Pathways to Sustainable Mobility:Two examples at different scales
John RobinsonUniversity of British Columbia, Canada
Presentation atThe Third Conference on Future Urban Transport,sponsored by the Volvo Research and Educational
Foundations
Goteborg, SwedenApr 2-5, 2006
Outline
• Context: creating sustainable futures– the urban tsunami– The CIRS approach
• Two examples at different scales– MetroQuest: exploring regional
sustainability– CIRS sustainable mobility program
Rural-to-Urban Population Shift2005 - 2030
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Po
pu
lati
on
(b
illi
on
s)
2005 2030
Rural
Urban
Source: UN (2005)
The Urban Tsunami
The Sustainable DevelopmentImperative
10 challenges:
Clean air Housing
Clean water Jobs
Energy Health care
Land use Waste disposal
Transportation Human Security
Need for Urban InfrastructureNeed for Urban Infrastructure
Global Global envirenvir. services $500-1000 billion. services $500-1000 billion (GLOBE (GLOBE FndnFndn, 2003), 2003) per year per year
WB client countriesWB client countries $250 billion $250 billion (World Bank, 2002)(World Bank, 2002) per year per year
Asia-PacificAsia-Pacific $140 billion $140 billion (APEC, 1999)(APEC, 1999) per year per year
Centre for Interactive Research onSustainability
“AcceleratingSustainability”
CIRS Vision
To be the most innovative and high performancebuilding in North America and aninternationally recognized leader in acceleratingthe adoption of sustainable building and urbandevelopment practices.
The CIRS Opportunity
Part 1 - building design and operations
Part 2 - visualization, simulation and communityengagement
Part 3 - partnerships and strategies of regionalimplementation
To make Canada a world leader in threeinterconnected fields of appliedsustainability:
The Three Dimensions of CIRS
1. Building as Laboratory
2. Simulation and Visualization
3. BC Showcase
Science World Theatre
Landscape Immersion Lab
The Landscape Immersion Lab (LIL)
Immersion &InteractionTheatre
Community Engagement
Sustainable transportation: twoexamples at different scales
• QUEST: exploring sustainability at aregional/municipal scale
• The CIRS sustainable mobilityprogram
Make choicesabout…
…then see theconsequences instantly
visualize the future
identify tradeoffs
compare scenarios
Scenarioresults
Scenario names
The MetroQuest InterfaceScenarioquestions
Results of QUEST activities
• 6 cities; many workshops• City of Calgary: 100,000 users
projected• Significant effect on user
comprehension, mental models andviews of preferred futures
Sustainable transportation: twoexamples at different scales
• QUEST: exploring sustainability at aregional/municipal scale
• The CIRS sustainable mobilityprogram
Access CIRS: student project
Based on a proposed paradigm shift...
• from moving cars to moving people
• from mobility to accessibility
CIRS user profile
300 users• 70% full time
• 22% students
• 8% public
1. parking management2. transit passes3. car/ride sharing4. bicycle amenities5. enhanced pedestrian
connections6. amenity accessibility7. ‘smart’ principles
CIRS TDM Program
shared usepriority spaces for shared vehicles, rideshare& high-efficiency vehiclescomprehensive monitoring & pricingvariable pricingparking revenue to fund TDM programpermeable surfaces
1. Parking Management
2. Transit Passes
free transit for all CIRS users
separate programs forfrequent usersoccasional users
3-5 ‘smart’ vehiclespriority spaces for shared vehiclespriority parking spaces and/orreduced or waived fees for HOVsrequire all drivers to participate inJack Bell Rideshare databaseprovide an occasional subsidized ridehome to commuters who usealternative modes in the event of anemergency
3. Car/Ride Sharing
bike sharingbike facilities
secure storagehigh quality locker and shower facilitieson-site servicing / maintenance
potential for community bikeeducation
4. Bicycle Program
5. Pedestrian Connections
6. Amenities
monitorparking usagemode of travel for all users
7. Smart Principles
• tenant agreements• TDM coordinator• information access and
monitoring• program visibility
Program Implementation
Student work reworked by parkingconsultants & submitted to the CityNo underground parking in CIRSdevelopment permit application(saving of about $1 million)Expected reduction in surface parkingrequirements from 107 to about 20(savings of about $1 million in landcosts)
Results
Conclusions
• Sustainable urban transport is a multi-dimensional problem
• Critical to analyse alternatives• Need to engage stakeholders
At
multiple
scales• Principles are generic; local conditions
are specific• Key is developing partnerships aimed
at real-world solutions
Background slides
Pot
entia
l
Per
form
ance
Part A - Gapbetween
potential &performance
(e.g. engineeringestimates vs.
measuredperformance)
Addressing the gap betweenIntention & Action
Belief
Behaviour
Part B - Gapbetween
beliefs andbehaviours
(e.g. statedvalues and
goals vs. actualbehaviour)
Addressing the gap betweenIntention & Action
Implementation
Part C - Gapbetween policy and
implementation
Policy
(e.g. federal climatechange policy and
actual GHG emissions)
Addressing the gap betweenIntention & Action
Belief
Policy
Potential
Implementation
CIRSPerformance B
ehaviour
Addressing the gap betweenIntention & Action
Great Northern Way Campus
“work together, with governments, businesses,agencies and the City of Vancouver, to builda unique and integrated centre of excellencein teaching/learning, research andentrepreneurship,”
• Two themes:– Urban Sustainability– Transforming Arts and Culture (incl. digital
media)
Lot 6
880,395 sf
Lot 8
169,193 sf
Lot 7
353,654 sf
Lot 9
0 sf
Lot 3
251,243 sf
Lot 4
276,505 sf
Lot 5
707,597 sf
Land Area: 8.9 ha (22 acres; 957,000 sq. ft.)
Allowable Buildable Area: 2,937,000 sq. ft.
Lot 2
300,000 sf
Great Northern Way Campus
CIRS
Great Northern Way Campus
The CIRS Research Program
Cluster A - Sustainable Building Design andOperation (UBC, BCIT, ECIAD)
Cluster B –Community Engagement Tools andProcesses (UBC, SFU, ECIAD, BCIT)
Cluster C – Sustainability Implementation andStrategies (SFU, UBC, BCIT, ECIAD)
The Three Dimensions of CIRS
1. Building as Laboratory
2. Simulation and Visualization
3. BC Showcase
• Integrated and paperless design• Sustainable mobility program• Positive environmental impact• GHG neutral• Little mechanical ventilation/cooling• Net energy producer*• 100% daylighting• 100% rainwater• Zero liquid waste• Zero Solid Waste• Sustainable building materials• Healthy air quality• Supermonitoring; adaptive controls
CIRS Sustainable Design Goals
Continuous
research:
- technical
- behavioural
The CIRS Building Concept
Improving the Local
and Global
Environment
The CIRS Building Concept
Improving the
Human Environment
The CIRS Building Concept
Cost-effective and
Adaptive
The CIRS Building Concept
Programming at CIRS
• On-site Sustainability MBA
• Sustainability Trades Programming
• Community Service Learning
• University Courses
The Three Dimensions of CIRS
1. Building as Laboratory
2. Simulation and Visualization
3. BC Showcase
Showcasing SustainableDevelopment in BC
• Identify handful of areas of comparativeadvantage in SD in BC
• Create new forms of partnership to makethem happen on the ground in this region:create Showcase
• Use Showcase as springboard for penetratingglobal market in SD technology and services
Xantrex Envision
SGI
NRC
NRCan
ICSC
FCC
DSF
GVRD
Vancouver
Noram
Telus
Siemens
Vancity
Haworth
Terasen
BC Hydro
The Sustainability Mosaic
solar simulation
datamgmt
Industrialecology
energypolicy
urban design
fuel cells
offsets
standards
codes
biodiesel
IT
controls
finance
interiors
utility
DSM
The Sustainability Mosaic
solar simulation
datamgmt
industrialecology
energy policy
urban design
fuel cells
offsets
standards
codes
biodiesel
IT
controls
finance
interiors
utility
DSM
The Sustainability Mosaic
solar simulation
datamgmt
industrialecology
energy policy
urban design
FCC
DSF
standards
codes
biodiesel
IT
controls
finance
interiors
utility
DSM
The Sustainability Mosaic
Partners share a common mission:Accelerating SD practices in BC
Public, private andNGO sector tenants,and researchers are
co-located to facilitatecollaboration
Prospective tenants
• UBC, BCIT, ECIAD, SFU (inter-institutional partners)• BC Hydro*• Terasen Utility Services*• NRC – Institute for Fuel Cell Innovation*• Fuel Cells Canada*• Envision Sustainability Tools*• International Centre for Sustainable Cities*• Windmill Development• VanCity• Natural Resources Canada (Geological Survey of Canada)• The City of Vancouver—Sustainability Group
* Signed non-binding letters of intent; others are under development
Vancouver Sustainability Precinct
Science World Outdoor Science
Experience Park (OSE)
Great Northern Way Campus
South East False Creeks
CIRS
City of Vancouver – SustainabilityPrecinct
• A multi-dimensionalenergy micro-gridsystem
• Multiple stakeholdersinvolved in all sectors
• 500 acre downtownbrownfield (several millionsquare feet of development innext 10 years)
• Potential components:– District scale alternative
heating grid with multipledistributed sources
– Electricity micro-grid withmultiple renewable andclean sources – includingnet-metering to grid forpeak shaving
– Municipal UtilityCorporation to manage thesystem and expand itacross city
Three Outcomes
• World leadership in three critical areas ofsustainability research
– Technology, behaviour, and policy/investment
• Real progress on sustainability in the region– Create ‘sustainability precinct’ in Vancouver
• Enormous export potential– Incubator for entering a trillion dollar market
CIRS Schedule
• Schematic Design Jan 2006• Design Development Feb-Apr 06• Design Charettes Feb-Apr 06• Devel. Permit Application Mar 2006• Working Drawings Apr-Oct 06*• Excavation July 2006*• Substantial Completion early 2008• Occupancy spring 2008• Total Completion early 2009
* Require UBC Board of Governors approval
Economic Analysis
63%63%73%73%83%83%
• CIRS Passes for– all frequent users (70% of 300)• cost to user: $0• cost shared between developer
and tenant
# of users 300 % paid bydeveloper 50%
% usersneeding pass 70%
annual cost todeveloper $63,000
# of passes 210 NPV (20Years)$722,605(@ 6%)
cost per pass $50Opportunity
Cost-100spaces
$2,138,841(@ 6%)
occasional userprogram
transit rebates for one-timeusersindividual transit tickets forshort-term coursesevent tickets valid as transitpasses
Transit Passes