Collaborative Research: Producing an Updated Synthesis
of the Arctic’sMarine Primary Production
Regime and Its Controls
Patricia Matrai - BigelowLou Codispoti - HPEL
Michel Gosselin – U Quebec, RimouskiVictoria Hill (c/o R. Zimmerman) - ODU
Bonnie Light – APL UWMike Steele – APL UW
(Preliminary Data)
AO Primary production• Synthesis of PP emphasizing different spatial and temporal scales into a consistent
pan-AO data set (ARCSS-PP):
– historical 14C-PP (gross to net PP)
– historical nutrients, O2 and DIC fields (net community production, NCP)
– satellite-derived surface PP (NCP) using chl and C algorithms
– Bio-physical algorithms
• Using ARCSS-PP, test hypotheses regarding the controls of PP
• Provide ARCSS-PP to AO modelers for calibration of biogeochemical numerical models
• Define functional regions of the AO that operate similarly with respect to PP with similar temporal and spatial variability.
• Investigate potential future changes in PP using analogues from the historical data record.
OUTREACH
• Create a short animation that describes the controls of primary production in the AO
• Create a website for research and educational outreach
SUNLIGHT project
Ecosystem modeling project
14C-PP historical: All data points, all depths, all times
Database Statistics (up to now)Stations with Primary Production Data (specific depth): 1084Stations with Primary Production and Secchi Depth/ Transparency: 119Stations with Primary Production and 0.1% Light Level: 27Stations with Primary Production and Secchi Depth Or 0.1% Light Level:146Total Number of Primary Production Measurements in Database: 7174
Temporal 3
Integrated PP [mgC m-3 d-1] by regions: MLD vs Euphotic zone
MLD integration:
MLD climatology from M. Steele for each region
Euphotic zone integration:
- Kd from V Hill (0.25 coastal) => (9-18m) 15m
-%Iz = 0.1-0.01
- Kd from V Hill (0.75 basins) => (30-61m) 45m
MLD ■
0.05% Io □
Preliminary Data
Map of in situ surface Chl
Preliminary Data
Preliminary Data
Next: AO satellite-derived chl, PP
– NCP = f(satellite chl – PP algorithm)– NCP = f(Carbon & sat chl algorithm)
QuickTime™ and aYUV420 codec decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Preliminary Data
Nutrient Based Estimates of Primary Production
• Team = L. Codispoti, V. Kelly, A. Thessen, Horn Point Lab.
• To date have been adding and QC ARCNUT data base
• Re-formatting and QC Russian-USA Hydrochemical Atlas to merge with modified ARCNUT data base.
• Co-ordinating with a DIC oriented data base effort at Princeton (R.Key)
• Initially, data looked abundant, but not much pre-bloom nitrate data
• After QC and data building efforts, develop pre-bloom nitrate proxies for several regions based on TS and phosphate, sub-euphotic zone values, etc.
ARCNUT (originally developed by G. Cota and L. Pomeroy)
Pre-bloom nutrient data coverage
Interfacing Sunlight Synthesis (SS) Project with PPGoal of SS: Produce pan-Arctic maps of shortwave flux variables
(1979 – present)
• Fsw from ERA-40 (1979-2001), ECMWF (2002-present)
• Account for surface albedo of open water, sea ice/snow cover Ice cover from passive microwave + NASA Team AlgorithmSnow cover from field data, GPCP
• Light transmission by sea ice/snow (field data, modeling)
Goal of the interface: “Make sure that ice/ocean light data are optimally relevant to issues of PP over our domain of interest”
• temporal and spatial coverage
• units! (MJ m-2 vs. E m-2 s-1)
• spectral issues (broadband and spectral data + knowledge of cloudiness → PAR)
500 1000 1500 2000 25000.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
7 Aug 9 Aug 10 Aug 11 Aug 12 Aug 18 Aug 22 Aug 23 Aug 27 Aug on ice
Incident solar irradiance (W m
-2 nm
-1)
Wavelength (nm)
Complete OvercastSolar Disk Not Visible
500 1000 1500 2000 25000.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5Complete OvercastSolar Disk Not Visible
4 Sep 5 Sep 7 Sep 10 Sep 11 Sep 14 Sep 20 Sep 21 Sep 22 Sep 23 Sep 25 Sep 26 Sep
Incident solar irradiance (W m
-2 nm
-1)
Wavelength (nm)
20 Sept SDNV; Cice
= 100; sza = 86.1o
21 Sept SDNV; Cice
= 100; sza = 86o
e.g., incident spectra measured during HOTRAX (2005 Arctic basin transect) from Grenfell and Perovich (in prep.)
BIO-PHYSICAL ALGORITHMS:
Using ARCSS-PP and SS results, test hypotheses regarding the controls of PP
Michael SteelePolar Science Center / APLUniversity of Washington
Oct. 3, 2007SASS workshopsummer (JAS)
Arctic Seas Ocean Surface Warming
over the 20th centuryRegional anomaly
World Ocean Database ’05(in situ data)
Steele, Ermold, Zhang(GRL submitted ’07)
MeanSST
(0-10 m)
Beaufort-W Investigate potential future changes in PP using analogues from the historical data record.
Michael SteelePolar Science Center / APLUniversity of Washington
Oct. 3, 2007SASS workshop
July-AugSST
interannualanomalies(rel. to 1982-2007)
July-AugSST
interannualanomalies(rel. to 1982-2007)
3 Sept
Temperature Anomaly (C)
2000 2001 2002
200520042003
2006 2007 2007:What a year!
ehh..
Max Anom. 5°CMax Anom. 5°C
Michael SteelePolar Science Center / APLUniversity of Washington
Oct. 3, 2007SASS workshopSST trends & the AO
AO AO 1930-651930-65
AO AO 1965-951965-95
coolingcooling warmingwarming
converg.converg.diverg.diverg.
Ocean advection influenceOcean advection influence Ice advection influenceIce advection influence
sub-surfacesub-surface
PacWPacW
AtlWAtlW
Define functional regions of the AO that operate similarly with respect to PP with similar temporal and spatial variability
