IOC contributions to a Global Tsunami EWS and other ocean
generated hazards
Symposium on Multi-hazard EWS for Integrated Disaster Risk Management
Geneva, 23 May 2006
Patricio A. Bernal, Executive Secretary of IOC
Plate Tectonics
GFZ, Potsdam
Distribution of Large Earthquakes and Earthquakes Accompanied with Tsunami
with Tsunami
greater than M6.0
Tsunami probability based on historic data
F. Schindele, CEA
• 1965: IOC established the International Coordination Group for the Tsunami Warning System in the Pacific Ocean (PTWS) following th valdivia (1960) and Alaska (1964) tsunamis
28 member States (2005):Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, DemocraticPeople's Republic of Korea, Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, France,Guatemala, Indonesia, Japan,
Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Singapore, Thailand, United States, Samoa.
• Successful Operational Tsunami Warning System > 40 yrs• Well recognised international scientific program• Pacific Basin monitoring of seismicity and sea levels• Direct humanitarian aim• Mitigate tsunami effects - save lives/property
IOC ICG/PTWS
• After the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and immediate response of the UN and Governments
• March & April 2005: Two International Coordination meetings (Paris and Mauritius) for the Development of an Indian Ocean TWS
• June 21-30, 2005: the 23rd IOC Assembly approved resolutions for the establishment of a global strategy and three regional Intergovernmental Coordination Groups on TEWS (XXIII-12 to XXXIII-15) for
– the Indian Ocean (ICG/IOTWS)– the Caribbean (ICG/CARIBE-EWS)– the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean
(ICG/NEAMTWS)
ICG/IOTWS
PTWCNWPTAC
WC/ATWC ICG/NEAMTWS
SWP-TWS
ICG/CA
Global and Regional Tsunami Warning Centers
http://ioc3.unesco.org/Indotsunami/
IO initial System for July 2006
Based on Existing:• Network of 26(29) National Information Centres [24/7]Fast Track implementations of projects to• upgrade existing seismographic network • improve existing sea-level network (key stations with 1min data transmission interval)• upgrade data and information communication system
Agreed Seismographic Stations
The Challenge for the IO
• We essentially know what is needed at the country level in 16 countries and this work will be completed in 2006 for the rest.
• ICG/IOTWS is requesting a comprehensive Plan, incl. the country level
• the need of the development of the National Plans
Necessary Elements for Determination of Earthquake Location and Magnitude
Arrival Time of Seismic Waves (P and/or S waves)
Location (Latitude, Longitude and Depth)
Maximum Amplitude of Seismic Waves
Magnitude
P arrival S arrival
Maximum Amplitude
Seismic Wave
LISS/IRIS Waveforms: Large Earthquake
5minutes
data loss
data loss
There are about 20~30% stations JMA could not receive complete waveform data.
SAML
TRQA
RCBR
DWPF
BBSR
PTCN
WVT
Station Map
P S
P S
P S
P
P
P
P
SAML
TRQA
RCBR
DWPF
BBSR
PTCN
WVT
（ Chile M7.8, July 13, 2005 ）
Early Detection
JMA could receive complete waveform data from almost all stations.
Station MapP
P S
P
P
P
P
LPAZ
USHA
ILAR
STKA
PMG
CMAR
CTBTO/IMS Waveforms（ Chile M7.8, July 13,
2005 ）
Average Internet 82.14%CTBTO/IMS 99.67%
Data Availability
Data Availability (July 1,2005 ~ July 6, 2005)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100Data Availabilty (%)
perc
enta
ge
LISS,IRIS
CTBTO/IMS
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300delay (sec)
perc
enta
ge
LISS,IRIS
CTBTO/IMS
CTBTO/IMS(under upgrading)
Data Transmission Delay
CTBTO/IMS : 30 seconds at most LISS :100 seconds on average IRIS :180 seconds on average
Earthquake Detection and Delay
LPAZ (Earliest
CTBTO/IMS station)
Earthquake Detection at JMA(30 seconds delay)
Earthquake Detection at JMA(100 seconds delay)
Seismic wave arrived at the CTBTO/IMS earliest station 110 seconds earlier than at
LISS earliest station.
JMA could detect the earthquakeby the CTBTO/IMS station 180 seconds earlier than by the LISS station.
SAML (Earliest
LISS station)
（ Chile M7.8, July 13, 2005 ）
Internet(LISS,IRIS)
Internet(LISS,IRIS)+
CTBTO/IMS
Depth Error (km)
Depth Error Estimated Hypocenter
Horizontal Error Estimated Hypocenter
Internet(LISS,IRIS)Internet(LISS,IRIS)+
CTBTO/IMS
Near Sumatra Islands
Internet(LISS,IRIS) Internet(LISS,IRIS)+
CTBTO/IMS
Near Chile (Southern America)
Horizontal Error Estimated Hypocenter
IOC contributions to monitoring other Hazards of ocean origin
• Storm – surges, JCOMM (IOC – WMO)• Tropical storms, JCOMM• Improving Storm and cyclones tracking and
landing forecasts, JCOMM• Extreme ocean wave weather (36 – 72 hours
forecasts• Ice Hazard, JCOMM• Oil Spills tracking and landing, IOC, WMO,
UNEP• Red Tides, IOC, FAO, WHO
• Development of Interoperable Regional EWS.• 03-05 Aug 2005: ICG/IOTWS-I, Perth• 21-22 Nov 2005: ICG/NEAMTWS-I, Rome• 14-16 Dec 2005: ICG/IOTWS-II, Hyderabad• 10-12 Jan 2006: ICG/CARTWS-I, Barbados• 1-5 May 2006: ICG/ITSU-XXI, Melbourne• 22-24 May 2006: ICG/NEAMTWS-II, Nice and to come:• 31 July-2 August 2006: ICG/IOTWS-III, Bali• Dec 2006: ICG/CARTWS-II, Venezuela
• Global Integration• Apply synergies and cost-efficiency into the development of a single
global meta-system• 24 of June 2006: Global Multi-hazard meeting in Paris, “Ad-hoc WG on the framework for a Global Tsunami and other Ocean-
related Hazards Early Warning System.”
IOC Strategy and implementation
For further information see:
http://www.ioc-goos.org/
http://ioc.unesco.org/indotsunami
http://ioc3.unesco.org/neamtws
http://ioc3.unesco.org/cartws
http://ioc3.unesco.org/itic
