Patrick Paul

8/2/2019 Patrick Paul

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/patrick-paul 1/20

• MUHAMAD ZAKI ZAFRI BIN ZAINAL

•

PATRICK PAUL RAJ A/L PHILIP



• 1. CULTURAL (ZAKI)

= FEMINIST THEORY

• 2. SOCIOLOGICAL (PATRICK PAUL)

= MARXIST THEORY



SIEW YUE KILLINGLEY

• Siew-Yue Killingley was born in 1940in Kuala Lumpur, in a Cantonese-speaking family, and moved toEngland in 1968.

• Her work as a teacher began in 1961,when she taught in schools while still

a student at the University of Malaya.

• After graduating she taught Englishlanguage, literature, phonetics, and

linguistics at the University of Malaya.



SYNOPSIS

• Siew Yue Killingley in Everything’s

Arranged, tell about a Ceylonese girlnamed Rukumani that having secretaffair with a Ceylonese boy namedDevanayagam while studying atUniversity. Both of them love each

other deeply. As they went for longsterm vacation, their secret affairdiscovered by their parents. The storytell about how these young couple,

especially Rukumani have struggleand suffer because of their familymembers, relatives and theircommunity as they try to get togetherin life. Her marriages were arranged

against her own wish.



CULTURAL CRITICISMDEFINITION

•

Focusing on it particularly as it concernsquestioning the ways Western culturaltradition expressed in literature definesitself partly by stifling the voices of oppressed groups or even by demonizing

those groups.

• Focus on how literary tradition hasconstructed models of identity foroppressed groups, how these groupshave constructed oppositional literaryidentities, and how differentcommunities of readers might interpretthe same text differently due to varied

value systems.



FEMINIST THEORYDEFINITION

• Study and advocate the rights of women.

• concerned with "...the ways in which literature

(and other cultural productions) reinforce or

undermine the economic, political, social, andpsychological oppression of women" (Tyson).

• This school of theory looks at how aspects of our

culture are inherently patriarchal (male dominated)

and "...this critique strives to expose the explicit

and implicit misogyny in male writing about

women" (Richter 1346).



FEMINIST THEORY

1st CRITERIA

- Feminists possess a

collective identity: they are

women (and some man)

who are struggling to

discover who they are, how

they arrived at their present

situation, and where theyare going.

-

(Charles E. Bressler. 1994)



1st EVIDENCE:

“ Marriage was such a spiritual thing, really, that

if sex were brought into it, it would give her thewrong ideas, such as those of the Modern Girl”

(Siew Yue Killingley, 1965)

- If sex is mention infront of a girl, it can give the

wrong idea about marriage to them.



• 2nd CRITERIA

- Feminist believe is a male dominated world.

- Feminist declare that it is man who defines

what it means to be human, not woman.

(Charles E. Bressler. 1994)



• 2nd EVIDENCE

“It was really the women who doing most of the

talking, the men adding a grunt or two whentheir opinions were asked.”


- Women is controlling the situation while men

only hear and add something when the women

asked them.



• 3rd CRITERIA

- Feminist critics want to

show humankind the

errors of such a way of

thinking.

- Women, they declare,

are people in their

own right; they are not

incomplete or inferior

men.

(Charles E. Bressler.

1994)



• 3rd EVIDENCE

“Young people nowadays have no shame. My

mother would have sent me out of the house if Ihad entertained a boy friend as freely as that.”


- Girls are not allowed to treat a boy freely.



• 4th CRITERIA

- Women cannot be independence

- Women cannot without support of a man

4th

evidence= a Chinese womenwho had a veritable brood with her,

and she was having an argument

with the ticket inspector, who said

that her children could not share

one ticket.



SOCIOLOGICAL CRITICISM

• DEFINITIONAn approach to literature that

examines social groups,

relationships, and values as they are

manifested in literature.

Emphasize the nature and effect of

the social forces that shape power relationships between groups or

classes of people.



MARXIST THEORY

• Based on the social and economic theoriesof Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Theirbelief includes :

– Value is based on labor.

– The working class will eventuallyoverthrow the capitalist middle class.

– The middle class exploits the workingclass.

• Marxist critics apply these economic andsocial theories to literature by analyzing

-Class conflict



MARXISM

• 1ST criteria: SOCIAL STATUS –

the status of a Ceylonesefamily in society.

Evidence = “We have been

Ceylonese Tamils for a long

time. Do you think you can

spoil our blood now?”



MARXISM

• 2nd criteria : EDUCATION STATUS – the status of a

women with education and without it.

Evidence = “grooms family would demand more

dowry if she did not become a B.A.”



MARXISM

• 3rd criteria : STATUS OF

BRANDED OUTFIT – importance

given to branded things which

indirectly affects the working

class

Evidence = “Junior Kashmir could

be recognized as something

inferior from as far away as

twenty yards whereas Senior

Kashmir ‘got class’



MARXISM• 4TH criteria : STATUS OF A

HOUSEWIFE – under a control of mother in law and husband as aworking class people.

Evidence = 1. “Rukumani’s motherin order to shift some blame fromherself, sometimes tried to get hermother in law on her side”

2. “Mr.Sambanthan accused hiswife of not teaching her daughtermorals.”



THANK YOU

HAPPY LITERATURE HOURS...

┏(-_-)┛┗(-_- )┓┗(-_-)┛┏(-_-)┓

Date post:	05-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	atiqah-alias
View:	219 times
Download:	0 times

Patrick Paul

Documents