Patterns of Heredity

Review

•What mode of inheritance shows a blending of a trait?

–Incomplete dominance

•What did Gregor Mendel use to conduct his experiment?

–Garden peas

• Anything that can cause a mutation?

–Mutagen

• Inheritance where more then ONE gene controlling a trait

–Polygenetic inheritance

• Abnormal number of chromosomes

–Aneuploidy

• Body chromosomes; pairs 1-22

–Autosomes

• Failure of the homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis

–Nondisjunction

• A chart where the chromosomes are arranged in their homologous pairs

–Karyotype

• An individual with the genotype Ai for their blood type would have what blood type?

–A blood type

•Mutation that occurs when a segment of a chromosome breaks off and is reinserted backwards

–Inversion

• Error in DNA that adds of deletes a single base that causes all the following amino acids to be affected

–Frame shift mutation

• The normal karyotype of a human male would be…

–46, XY

•Give an example of a genotype that would represent a carrier

–XMXm

•When a chromosome breaks off & joins another chromosome, this mutation is called

–Translocation

•What type of inheritance has phenotypes of heterozygous offspring showing BOTH traits?

–Codominance

•What type of inheritance is shown when the trait occurs more frequently in one sex than another?

–Sex-linked trait

•What type of inheritance is exhibited when there are more than 2 possible alleles for a certain trait or phenotype?

–Multiple alleles

• A mother who is heterozygous for type A blood marries a man who is homozygous for B blood. What are the blood type of the children?

–50 % - B blood type–50% - AB blood type

• In pedigrees, how are males and females represented?

–Males – squares–Females - circles

•What do the roman numerals represent that are labeled on a pedigree?

–Generation numbers