Paying for TMDL Compliance – Different Approaches From Around Southern California Southern...

Paying for TMDL Compliance – Different Approaches From Around Southern California

Southern California Water Dialogue GroupFebruary 28, 2007

Irvine Ranch Water District

2

Outline of Today’s Discussion

• IRWD’s Approach to Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management at the Watershed Level

• Unique TMDL Compliance Funding Mechanisms and Strategies

• Future Opportunities for Water Supply Entities and Cities


3

About Irvine Ranch Water District• Formed in 1961 by landowners to supply water for extensive irrigation

- population 300

• California Water District providing:- Water - Hydroelectric- Wastewater - Recycled water - Resource management - Urban runoff management / control

(Modified enabling act in 2000)

• Current Customer Base- Residential Population 325,000- Daytime Population estimated 500,000- Service Connections 93,000

• Size of District - 179 square miles/114,500 acres- 118 square miles in San Diego Creek

watershed


4

• Approximately coincident with IRWD service area (80% of watershed in IRWD)

• Primary freshwater source for Newport Bay—EPA “impaired water body”

• 118 square miles

• City of Irvine and portions of:– City of Lake Forest– City of Newport Beach– City of Orange– City of Tustin– Unincorporated County

• 4 primary types of TMDL’s:– Nutrients (nitrogen/phosphorous)– Sediment– Pathogens– Toxics (pesticides, selenium, etc.)

TMDL Compliance - San Diego Creek Watershed


5

Relationship Between Water Consumption and Dry Weather Flow Generation

Discharge into sensitive receiving waters

Dry weather runoff that carries pollutants =

Over-irrigation =

Example: Urban Runoff in San Diego Creek

• Implementing a “Cradle to Grave” philosophy

• Both multiple and single entity approaches


6*Source: Northwood (Irvine) Residential Runoff Reduction Study, 2003

Urban Runoff Generation – Residential*

SFD5,000 FT

Lot62%8,000

AF

Runoff10%1,290

AFET & I28%

3,610 AF1,150,000GallonsPer Day

12,900AF/YR

AverageO.C. Water

Agency/Dept

30 agencies/depts.


7

Urban Runoff and TMDL Compliance Partnerships – Where Does IRWD Fit?

Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board (Region 8)

County of OrangePrincipal Permitee

Lake ForestCity Co-Permitee

Newport BeachCity Co-Permitee

OrangeCity Co-Permitee

TustinCity Co-Permitee

IrvineCity Co-Permitee

Permittee Compliance Mechanisms•Education/Training/ Inspections•Development/Construction Standards•Water Quality Monitoring•Local structural BMP’s•Runoff management and Source Control (Conservation and demand management)•Watershed-wide Treatment BMP’s

IRWD’sTMDL Management

Strategies


8

Urban Runoff Management and Source Control Strategy #1:

Water Conservation and Demand Management

TMDL Compliance Strategies


9

Allocation-Based “Conservation” Rate Structure

Basic Premise:

• Allocate water to customers based upon land use-specific indoor uses and landscaping needs

• Encourage use within allocation through a significantly tiered commodity pricing system

• Over-use generates “penalty” revenue to fund TMDL Compliance Activities:

– Source Control (water conservation programs, incentives and education)

– Urban runoff treatment


10

TIER BREAK POINT RATE (% of Allocation) ($/ccf)

Low Volume 0 - 40% $0.75Base 41-100% Base rate $0.91Inefficient 101-150% 2x base $1.82Excessive 151-200% 4x base $3.64Wasteful 201+% 8x base $7.28

100% of water needed for indoor/ outdoor uses

Typical Residential Fixed Charge = $6.75/month (3/4” meter)

Allocation-Based Rate Structure


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Sample Residential Water Billing - Overuse

8/10/06 9/09/06 1255 1337 82 CCF

USAGE - LOW VOLUME DISCOUNT 16 0.75 $12.00

USAGE - CONSERVATION BASE RATE 23 0.91 $20.93

USAGE - INEFFICIENT 20 1.82 $36.40

USAGE - EXCESSIVE 19 3.64 $69.18

USAGE - WASTEFUL 4 7.28 $29.12

WATER SERVICE CHARGE $6.75

YOUR ALLOCATION FOR THIS BILL 39 CCF

BILL CALCULATION BASED ON 0.12 ac. / SFD

TO AVOID LATE CHARGE PAY BEFORE 10/07/06 $174.38

Over allocation use pays penalty rates,

discourages overuse

Commodity Within Allocation $ 32.93 20% Commodity Above Allocation $134.70 80%


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Determining Appropriate Allocations

Single Family Detached House (4 occupants)

Outdoor Allocations• Irrigated area seasonal needs (Eto)

Variances• Pool• Additional occupants• Medical needs• Others (equestrian, etc.)

+

+


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Landscape Allocation

• Allocation based on landscaped area and real time evapotranspiration

– Cool season turf

– Irrigation system efficiency - 80%

• IRWD has three weather stations

Central

Coastal

Foothill


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Results: Rate Structure Reduces Water Use

• Since Rates Adopted in 1991:

– Average water use dropped from 3.5 ft./acre To 1.9 ft./acre

– Stabilization of dry weather runoff

– Changes in plant material selection - more “California Friendly” landscaping

• From 1992 to 2000:

– Irrigated area doubled

– Water use increased by 3%


15

Water Conservation – Landscape Programs

• Landscape Water Management Report Card

• “Fall Campaign” (Postcard reminders)

• Residential Education / Workshops

• Protector del Agua Landscape Certification Program

New Programs

• Artificial Turf Replacement

• Weather Based Irrigation Controllers

• “California Friendly” landscaping


16

IRWD Residential and Landscape Water Usage

Water Conservation Programs

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

130

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

Gallo

ns/C

ap

/Day

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

Acre

-Feet P

er

Acre

Avg. Gal/Cap/Day

Avg. AF/Acre

Landscape Water Use

Residential Water Use


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Per Capita Water Consumption Comparison

89

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Gal

lon

s P

er C

apit

a P

er D

ay

Source: California Urban Water Conservation Council, 2002


18

Urban Runoff Management and Source Control Strategy #2

Watershed-wide Structural BMP’s – the Natural Treatment System

TMDL Compliance Strategies


19

San Joaquin Marsh

• 320 ac. owned and managed by IRWD

• 68 ac. of treatment ponds

• 3.5 million gallons per day

• Removes about 70% of

nitrogen from San Diego

Creek (75,000 pounds per

year)

• Removal of 50,000 tons of

sediment and 10,000 pounds

of phosphorus per year from

desilting basins

Newport Harbor

Upper Newport Bay

IRWD Plant(MWRP)

San

Die

go C

reek

UC Natural Reserve

Restored wetlands/uplands

San Joaquin MarshN

Pacific Ocean

CarlsonMarsh

Natural Treatment SystemPonds

Urban Runoff Treatment Systems – Treatment Wetlands


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Natural Treatment System (NTS)

• Expands wetlands treatment watershed-wide

• 71 sites considered; 31 selected

• Completed 4 sites, designed 10 sites, 3 sites construction award 1/2006

• State/federal grant funds authorized (25%)

• Integral with city runoff management programs

• Multiple governmental, private, regulatory and community/envirnomental entity effort

Urban Runoff Treatment Systems


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Complex Multiple Entity Effort - NTS

Inter-agency Agreements for Operating, Maintenance, Facility Use

• Watershed Cities -- Irvine, Lake Forest, Newport Beach, Orange, Tustin

• County of Orange

Regulation, Permitting, MS4 Permit Authorization

• Regional Water Quality Control Board• CDFG, USFWS, Corps,

Supplemental Funding• EPA, USBR, State Water Resources,

Coastal Conservancy

Critical Reviewers and Stakeholders• Residents• Environmental Community Representatives

Development Standards, R/W, Construction• Landowners and developers


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Future Opportunities for Water Supply Entities and Cities

• Water Purveyor recognition of the water supply and environmental management interrelationship

– Embrace a “Cradle to Grave” management and problem solving philosophy

• Clarification of ability to participate in TMDL compliance activities through legislation:

– Add to list of services

– Incentive based participation

(i.e. adopt conservation rate structure, can use revenue for stormwater compliance programs)


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Questions?

Paul D. Jones II

General Manager


[email protected]

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