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Human Resources

(HR) Management

and Payroll Process

By…..Shyamendra Verma

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Learning Objectives• Know the definition and basic functions

of the HR management and payroll processes

• Recognize the relationship between the HR management and payroll processes and their environment

• Comprehend the relationship between the HR management and payroll processes and management decision making

• Understand the logical and physical characteristics of the HR management and payroll processes

• Become familiar with some of the technology used to implement the HR management and payroll processes

• Know some of the plans commonly used to control the payroll process

HR Management

and Payroll

Processes

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HR/P Spoke in the AIS Wheel• In this chapter, we spotlight the

human resources (HR) management and payroll processes.

• It will become clear later why we depict these processes with one spoke in the AIS wheel

• We will describe the various users of the HR management and payroll processes, each having their own view of the enterprise system and enterprise database

• In addition, we will analyze the process controls related to the payroll process

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Synopsis• Human capital management (HCM), the

process of managing how people are hired, developed, assigned, motivated and retained, presumes that employees reflect a strategic investment, rather than an administrative cost

• Some estimates place the value of human capital between $500,000 and $5 million per person

• Costs of such human capital, including compensation, benefits, and HR, represent 43 percent of the average corporation’s total operating expense

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Synopsis• The automation of HR (dubbed “e-HR”) may

transform HR from a cost center to a highly valued, strategic, mission-critical part of the business

• HR automation will affect evaluation and compensation programs to reflect the changing work patterns, including:– graying workforce– virtual teams– telecommuters– consultants– contractors– part-time and temporary employees

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Synopsis• In this chapter we explore three themes:

1. First, we briefly examine the importance of people to the success of any organization

2. Next, we describe how the HR management and payroll processes assist management in leveraging its human capital

3. Finally, we introduce some of the technology used to implement modern HR management and payroll processes

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Process Definition and Functions• Personnel management started by handling payroll and

personnel administration, but evolved by adding functions to handle recruiting, employee relations, and so on.

• HRM still viewed personnel as something that could be controlled

• HCM philosophy is based on three major principles:1. An individual’s value to an organization is derived from his/her job-

related knowledge, skills, attitude, and motivations2. Human assets include full-time permanent employees, plus part-

time employees, temporary employees, and independent contractors.• With supply chain management, an organization’s human

assets could include employees of suppliers, sales channel partners, and customers

3. A person’s relationship with an organization, from hiring through termination, must be nurtured and managed to obtain maximum lifetime value

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Definition of HR Management Process• Primary function of the HRM process is to create

information flows that support the following:1. Repetitive work routines of the HR department2. Decision needs of those who manage the HR

department• The HRM process supports the work routines of

the HR department and provides information for management decisions by:– Capturing, recording, and storing data concerning HR

activities– Generating a variety of HR forms and documents– Preparing management reports– Preparing governmental reports

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The Payroll Process• Many companies often merge payroll and HR• The payroll process maintains records of payroll taxes, fringe

benefits, attendance/absence, time worked and employee paychecks

• The payroll process is generally automated because computers are much faster at handling the repetitive computations necessary (payroll is also the most frequently outsourced application in accounting)

• Current HR software reaches far beyond simply doing payroll and includes:– Benefits admin, applicant tracking/processing, skills inventories and

compliance reporting• Much of HRM is NOT captured by GAAP

– But accountants must recognize the immense value of human capital and its affect on the long-term financial health of the organization

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Payroll Part of HR Module

• It is common for payroll to be part of the HR module in software (SAP example)

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Figure 14.1 on page 512

• The HR module includes options for both HR and payroll, among others

• The advantages gained by allowing the two processes to share common data include:– Creating a single source for obtaining HR information– Providing for faster data access– Minimizing data redundancy– Ensuring data integrity and consistency– Facilitating data maintenance– Improving data accuracy

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Organization Chart of the HR Function

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Duties of HR Managers

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Duties of HR Managers

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Technology Trends and Developments• HR self service systems• Organizations might outsource other functions to support

HR management processes.– Web-based collaboration– Payroll

• Enterprise systems play a major role in implementing required HR and payroll functionality.

• Implementing the HRM process with an enterprise system can help recognize the benefits of integration of the HR management process with other enterprise systems modules such as:– Financial Accounting– Logistics– Sales and Distribution– The Workflow Module

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Implementing the HRM Process

• Process Inputs: In general, the HR forms in the figure capture information about three HR-related events:

• (1) selecting employees• (2) evaluating employees, and • (3) terminating employees

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Implementing the HRM Process

• Selecting employees may be initiated in one of two ways:1. Departmental managers (outside the HR

department) may initiate the process to satisfy their immediate hiring needs

2. Selection process may be started by the system automatically

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Implementing the HRM Process

• Evaluating employees comprises a multitude of activities– Departmental managers and supervisors

(again, outside the HR function) usually initiate evaluations or other changes affecting employees

– The manager of personnel appraisal and development (in HR) typically approves the review and implements such changes

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Implementing the HRM Process

• Terminating employees closes the employment process loop– Periodically, departmental managers and

supervisors (in concert with HR managers) must make difficult decisions about the retention of employees

– If a termination is necessary, the employee change screen is used to initiate the process of changing an employee’s status from current employee to terminated employee

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Implementing the HRM Process• Processing Logic and Process Outputs. • HR requests initiated outside of the HR department are approved

within that department and then routed to HR for approval• Some data may be entered within HR • The employee/payroll master data, skills inventory data, and labor-

force planning data within the enterprise database are updated and various reports are made available

• Several outputs are produced– New hire:

• An employment letter is sent to the employee • Selection notice is sent to the department manager

– Feedback on job performance:• Employee review form

– Termination:• Employees are notified of a dismissal through a dismissal letter• Termination notice sent to the operating department manager.

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Implementing the HRM Process• HRM process prepares reports for government and non-

government entities– Payroll reports: employee federal, state, and local taxes

• HR reports might include those provided to the following:– • Unions– • Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO)– • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)– • Department of Labor

• There are also numerous communications to employees of HR-related information

– Job opening announcements– Training information– Phone books– Benefits literature– Policy and procedure manuals, and the like.

• Many companies have found that such materials can be disseminated effectively and efficiently through an HR portal, which serves as a central data source for such information.

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HR Management Flowchart

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Key Data Tables in the HR Process

• Though the flowchart shows only one data store, multiple database tables are contained:– Employee/payroll master data– Labor-force planning data

• Staffing requirements• Skills required• Turnover data

– Skills inventory data

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The Payroll Process

• Payroll generally falls under the controller’s office with the treasurer participating in distributing paychecks

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Payroll Process Context Diagram

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Payroll Process: Level 0 DFD

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Payroll Data and Flows

• Tax rates data– Contains current tax rates (federal, state, county and

city) for employee withholding and employer accruals• Attendance time record

– Lists hours employee are at the job site available for work; usually kept on time card

• Job time records– Start and stop times for particular jobs for direct labor

distribution

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Federal Payroll Tax Reports

• 941 (report of FICA taxable wages)• W-2 (employee wage and tax statement)• 1099 (reports non-salary income)• Employee Retirement Income Security Act

(ERISA) reports (reports on private pension fund assets management)

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Accounting Entries in Payroll Process

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Payroll Process Flowchart

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Payroll Has High Fraud Potential

• Types of payroll frauds:– Ghost employees (employees who don’t exist

but are issued paychecks)– Falsified hours (employees who overstate

hours worked)– Commission schemes (collecting

commissions on false sales or using false commission rate)

– Worker’s comp schemes (faking injury to receive compensation)

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Payroll System Controls

• Segregation of duties between HR (employee record creation), payroll (prepares payroll) and AP/cashier (disburses cash)

• Direct deposit (eliminates opportunity for check fraud)

• Review of employee master data for duplicate names and/or social security numbers

• Comparison of actual payroll to budget

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Reimbursement Fraud

• Reimbursement for employee business expenses often clear the payroll system – Claiming personal expenses as business

related– Altering receipts to increase expenses– Submitting false receipts– Submitting same expense multiple times

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Payroll Process Control Matrix

Legend:

A = Provide employees with timely paychecks.

B = Provide timely filing of tax returns and other reports to government agencies.

C = Comply with requirements of payroll and tax laws and regulations.

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Payroll Process Control Matrix