Dr. Utham Murali. M.S ; M.B.A.Dept. of SurgeryIMS / MSU Malaysia.

OPENING THOUGHT

Contents of Discussion

•Introduction - Brief History / Definitions

•Characteristics – PBL

•Differences between TL / PBL

•Advantages & Disadvantages – PBL

•Assesment – PBL

Brief History • 1950's - Integrated systems in teaching - USA - Medical School.• 1960's - PBL introduced in Canadian Medical School.• 1970's - Most of US and European Medical Schools adopted PBL. • 1990's - PBL introduced in Medical Schools in UK by Manchester,

Glasgow, Liverpool Universities & also other disciplines. • 2000 - Introduced into many other professional Schools & Colleges

throughout the world.

Pioneers - PBL • PBL was pioneered in the

Medical School program at

McMaster University in

Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

in the late 1960's by Howard

Barrows and his colleagues.

6

Barrows - Objectives - PBL > Acquire an essential body of knowledge that

is retrievable and usable in all domains.

> Develop the ability to use this knowledge

effectively in the evaluation and care of

patients' health problems. (cognitive skills)

> Ability to extend and improve knowledge to

keep up to date and cope with new problems

that may arise in their professional lives. (self-

directed learning skills). HOWARD BARROWS

1928-2011

Definition - PBL

" A learning method based on the principles of using problems as a starting point for the acquisition & integration of new knowledge " - H. Barrows.

" ... a process of acquiring understanding, knowledge, skills and attitudes in the context of an unfamiliar situation and applying such learning to that situation. " - C. E. Engel.

Characteristics - PBL

• Learning - Student centered

• Learning - Small groups

• Teachers - Facilitators

• Problems - Stimulus - Learning

• Problems - vehicle - Clinical kills

• New information - SDL

Difference - TL & PBL

Lecturer Student

Content

Difference - TL & PBL

Lecturer Student

Content

Facilitator Problem Solver

Problem

Teacher-centeredStudent-centered

New-Innovative Curricula

Traditional Medical Curricula

Information gatheringProblem-based

Discipline-basedIntegrated

Hospital basedCommunity- oriented

Standard CourseElectives with core curriculum

Apprenticeship-basedSystematic

Continuum

S

P

I

C

E

S

SPICES

PBL tutorial

Active learning

Motivation

Integration

Reasoning & HOT-skills

"Deep" learning

F-S Interaction

Use - Resources

Team work

Advantages - PBL

PBL tutorial

Large class size

Knowledge - Un-organised

Quality - Control

Cost - wise

"Time" consuming

Inform. - Overload

Resources

Teachers - acquaintation

Disadvantages - PBL

Assessment - PBL

FORMATIVE

Group

Students

Assessment - PBLSUMMATIV

E

M.C.Q's

M.E.Q's / E.M.Q's

OSCE's

FORMATIVE

Group

Students

STUDENTSFACILITATOR PROBLEM