HISTORY Beginnings, 1948 The Malaysian Red Crescent Society (MRCS) has its beginnings in 1948 as branches of the British Red Cross Society in Sabah and Sarawak (then British North Borneo ). In the 1950s the British Red Cross Society further established Branches in the other parts of Malaysia starting in Penang in 1950, and later in the other States. Upon Malaya's independence in 1957, the Branches in Peninsular Malaysia were organized as the Federation of Malaya Red Cross Society, which later was statutorily incorporated by the Federation of Malaya Red Cross Society (Incorporation) Act, 1962. MRCS received official recognition as an independent National Society from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) on 4th July 1963 and accordingly was admitted as a member of the International League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on 24th August 1963 . When Malaysia was formed in September 1963, an Act to incorporate the Federation of Malaya Red Cross Society and the Branches of the Red Cross Society in Sabah and Sarawak under the name of the Malaysian Red Cross Society was passed by Parliament vide the Malaysian Red Cross Society (Incorporation) Act 1965. In 1975, the Malaysian Parliament passed the Malaysian Red Cross Society (Change of Name) Act which received Royal Assent on 21st August 1975 and subsequently gazetted on 4th Sept 1975 and is currently being enforced.
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HISTORY
Beginnings, 1948
The Malaysian Red Crescent Society (MRCS) has its beginnings in 1948 as branches of the British Red Cross Society in Sabah and Sarawak (then British North Borneo ). In the 1950s the British Red Cross Society further established Branches in the other parts of Malaysia starting in Penang in 1950, and later in the other States.
Upon Malaya's independence in 1957, the Branches in Peninsular Malaysia were organized as the Federation of Malaya Red Cross Society, which later was statutorily incorporated by the Federation of Malaya Red Cross Society (Incorporation) Act, 1962. MRCS received official recognition as an independent National Society from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) on 4th July 1963 and accordingly was admitted as a member of the International League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on 24th August 1963 .
When Malaysia was formed in September 1963, an Act to incorporate the Federation of Malaya Red Cross Society and the Branches of the Red Cross Society in Sabah and Sarawak under the name of the Malaysian Red Cross Society was passed by Parliament vide the Malaysian Red Cross Society (Incorporation) Act 1965. In 1975, the Malaysian Parliament passed the Malaysian Red Cross Society (Change of Name) Act which received Royal Assent on 21st August 1975 and subsequently gazetted on 4th Sept 1975 and is currently being enforced.
The MRCS is presently one of 186 National Societies worldwide members of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. It runs programs and activities in accordance to the spirit and requirement of its Incorporation Act of 1965 and the Movement's fundamental principles.
Promotion Of Principles & Humanitarian Values
Having recognized the many challenges and technically adverse situation faced in the dissemination of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and the Fundamental Principles, the following strategic objectives are set:
To play a leading role and recognizable in the promotion of IHL in the country
To establish a sustainable and effective working relationship with the ICRC and other components of the Movement
To establish a sustainable networking mechanism with the Ministries of Defense, Foreign Affairs, Education, and other relevant government agencies
To collaborate with locally and internationally expert in order to develop guidelines and evaluation mechanism in promoting IHL nationwide
To promote legal literacy on IHL among members of the Society and the community at large.
Disaster Management is one of MRCS's coreactivities. It is the benchmark of the Organization's performance andimage. To further enhance the efficiently and delivery its services thefollowing strategic objectives are established:
To strengthen and recognize the present Disaster Management structure
To improve the credibility and reliability of the volunteers and staff as a professional entity
To be effective equipped with the state of the art facilities
To established the Disaster Management Organization structure atthe Branches and coordinated by the National Headquarters by adoptingthe Disaster Management Standard Operating Procedures
To establish and maintain relief team at branch and national level responding to disaster locally and internationally
* EMERGENCY RESPONSE UNIT (ERU) * REGIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE TEAM (RDRT) * RAPID DEPLOYMENT SQUAD (RDS) * DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE * INTEGRATED COMMNUNITY-BASED RISK REDUCTION PROGRAMME * AMBULANCE SERVICE
Integrated Community Based Risk Reduction or ICBRR is a programme carried out by the Red Crescent / Red Cross to develop skills of community in disaster preparedness and response in times of emergencies.
The intention of ICBRR is to have a comprehensive programme tailored to suit priority needs of the community or target groups by selecting training modules and and appropriate community actions can subsequently be developed. The engagement with the community goes beyond just training. Communities should be involved at every stage of ICBRR implementation according to their capacity, as well as on-going activities.
The Programme & Training comprise of : a. Setting up of an early warning system (EWS)b. Role of First Aid Volunteers in Disaster Preparedness & Responsec. Disaster Reliefd. Standard Operating Procedurese. Understanding MKN Directive 18, 20 & 21f. Food Aid & Nutritional Programmesg. Health Programmesh. Livelihood Programmes i. Reconstruction Programmes j. Setting & Training of Volunteer Units k. Training in Disaster Preparedness (CBDP)l. Training in Community First Aid (CBFA)m. Setting up of Rapid Deployment Squads (RDS)n. Setting up of Disaster Management Post
An ICBRR programme is usually carried with the help and cooperation of various government departments, namely :a. Disrict Health Departmentb. District Welfare Departmentc. Land & District Officed. The District Fire & Rescue Department e. The Police Departmentf. Other related government Departments
ICBRR is a long term programme. Most of the communities of the ICBRR programmes are disaster affected communitites and are adopted as Kampong Angkat of the Malaysian Red Cresent.
Ambulance Service
The Malaysian Red Crescent (MRCS) at request of the Government has carried out the 999 (24 hours) Emergency Ambulance Services since 1969 following the May 13 incident to supplement and complement the Government Emergency Medical Services in Kuala Lumpur and Petaling Jaya areas. This was the first voluntary organization's effort to provide such a service working together with the Department of Welfare Services and the Ministry of Health. In 1972, an Agreement was signed between the Malaysian Government and the MRCS whereby the service was financed by an annual Government grant until 1986 but later in the form of reimbursement of all the expenses incurred by the MRCS.
At present the MRCS Ambulance Service has 20 ambulances covering Kuala Lumpur and part of Petaling Jaya. In each ambulance there are two (2) qualified Ambulance Medical Aides (AMA). The ambulance is equipped with Basic Life Support equipment i.e.: Oxygen Cylinder, Spinal Board, Scoop Stretcher, Cervical Collar, First Aid Kit and etc.
In addition, it also provides for non-emergency standby duties with minimal charges such as:
Standby duties at public function i.e. festivals, sports, motor racing, national and international conference and visits of foreign heads of state and Ministers, etc;
Duties during aircraft emergency landings/crashes and other emergencies;
Transfer of patients from Kuala Lumpur hospitals to other state/district hospital and home.
Blood Programme
The provision of free blood to those in need is the cornerstone of the Movement’s activities, whilst the National Blood Bank (NBB) is the primary body for blood distribution. MRCS shall strive to be the primary organization to recruit and service the blood donors. To this end, the strategic objectives shall;
Be the leading organization in blood donors registration
Ensure continuous and coordinated supply of blood in coordination with NBB
Existingsince 1948, MRCS provides relief services to the nation through thenetwork of 15 branches and 148 chapters spread over all the districtsof the country. The main health services provided by MRCS are
1. First Aid;
2. Ambulance services;
3. Recruitment of non-remunerated voluntary blood donors;
4. Awareness on Avian Flu;
5. HIV/AIDS; and
6. Tsunamirelief operation, which includes water and sanitation, psycho-socialsupport, Community Based First Aid (CBFA), and emergency health care.
All the health programmes are domestically funded either from government or through fund raising drives.
MRCS'sFA courses are designed for MRCS members and non-members. The coursesoffered to members are FA certificates in schools, basic FAcertificate, and advanced FA certificate. MRCS instructors receiveadditional training on teaching methodology, international humanitarianlaw, and basic life support. The FA trainings offered to the publicinclude CPR (8 hours module), basic (20 hours), advanced (23 hours) andbasic life support (14 hours). MRCS has provided training to 93,314people during the last three years (2003-05), and a total of 259,128during the last 10 years.
The Daunting Task Ahead
Provisionof training to more than 31,000 people annually reflects a very wellestablished system in MRCS and provides the obvious impression thatMRCS is capable of doing more. Following the promulgation of a nationalpolicy on August 12, 1995, which envisions one First Aider in
EveryHome (FAIEH), MRCS has expanded its training programme rapidly. Thegoal is indeed very ambitious as the country has very few traininginstitutions capable of providing high class FA training. As a leadingorganisation in FA, a great national responsibility is bestowed on MRCS
to contribute towards meeting an indeed very challenging nationaltarget of training about 5 million people nationwide in the next fiveyears.
MRCS's Strategic Actions
1. MRCS has embarked upon a long-term plan to contribute towards the national target through the following actions:
2. Termedas the MRCS Institute and established in line with MRCS's StrategicPlan (2005-09) directions, the Institute is tasked with multi facetedresponsibilities that mainly relate to both short-term and long-termtraining. A special committee headed by the Deputy National Chairmanhas held several rounds of consultative meetings with inter-aliaexternal experts, and has now finalised the organisational structure ofthe Institute, which has four important wings based on differentfunctions, including a Centre for FA programmes.
3. MRCS hasproduced and maintained a team of 752 trainers (10 at NHQ and rest inthe branches). These trainers are graded as Instructors and SeniorInstructors, and refresher Training of Trainers are regularly organisedin order to improve the overall standards of FA instruction.Professionals such as Doctors, Paramedics and Registered Nurses arealso appointed as MRCS Instructors in FA. However, they undergoorientation on International Red Cross and Red Crescent Principlesprior to becoming Instructors.
4. MRCS has designed an eight hour special course consisting of lectures and demonstration covering:
Wounds and Bleeding: 1 hour
Fractures/Dislocations: 1 hour
Burns: 1 hour
Household Poisoning: 1 hour
CPR (adult): 3 hours
Lifting and Transportation: 1hour
MRCShas set up a database system (which is still being strengthened) thatfacilitates an efficient and prompt tracking of information on varioustypes of certificates issued and reminders on the expiry dates of thecertificate.
5. Three Memoranda of Understandings (MoUs) have been signed with two Ministries as follows:
1997:Ministry of Youth and Sports for an amount of RM 77,000 (about 22.000USD) under the SUKOM Project. MRCS has been able to train 770 youthsunder this project.
2004: Ministry of Youth and Sports for anamount of RM 333,000 (about 90,000 USD) under the National ServiceProgramme under which MRCS has trained 1,520 youths.
2005:Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development has allocated RM500,000 (about 138.000 USD) in August 2005 to train 36,220 members ofvarious NGOs affiliated to the Ministry.
Key Achievements
Since the launch of FAIEH, MRCS has been able to train 111,370 persons. Two branches have contributed to more than two thirds of the achievements.Sarawak is the most active branch with 42,726 trainees followed byPerak branch with 32,441. While Pahang and Johor branches are closelyfollowing with 8,982, and 8,850 participants respectively, Penang hasdone reasonably satisfactorily with 4,203 participants. Moreover, theother nine branches need to speed up with a planned target, but twobranches are yet to wake up as they have not trained any person in thelast 10 years.
MRCS Future Plans
MRCSrecognises that FAIEH is a challenging mission to accomplish though notimpossible. It also equally recognises that it has to do more than ithas done so far towards the 2010 goal. Key plans are:
to develop and sustain a resource pool of qualified and skilled FA Instructors/Trainers of different levels of proficiency,
to hold regular ToT and refresher courses at the national level,
to produce standard speakers' kits/presentation materials by NHQ
toremove the gap between Provincial Branches and District Chapters,particularly where an integrated approach and
cohesiveness is eithermissing or weak.
One of the strategies may be engagement ofteachers as trainers through school and community interventions toachieve a multiplier effect. MRCS considers the need for the NHQ andbranches to agree on the long-term targets and annual actions planstowards meeting these targets.
Sustainability
MRCSfaces no resource constraints for this important nationalresponsibility as the resources generated through normal FA trainingand grants provided by the government are adequate to implement the FAtargets.
Conclusion
Though the nationalmission of FAIEH may not be accomplished by 2010, the MRCS partnershipwith the government in meeting the national objectives provides a verygood model for other NSs in the region to learn from.
Kampung Angkat
To improve the standard health among the community and educate the family on a healthy life style. Also to make the community learn and be involved in developing their own village through the elements stated below:
Identify village
Carry out field assessment
Get sponsorship and MOU
Train members
Health Profile
Organize counseling and health care
Get Government agencies to be involved eg. District Officer, politicians etc
Get Community Leaders involved – village headmen and youth leaders
The MRCS Child Care Centre will offer opportunity to MRCS Youth members to work with young children. It will cater for children from different backgrounds aged from infancy to 4 years. It is proposed that each Child Care Centre will serve 20 to 25 children and gradually increase the number.
The Child Care Centre offers a balanced program of mental, social and emotional development to children’s age and individual differences
It was a variety of services to fit comprehensive nutrition program and family support activities that help parents share ideas, learn skills and provide support and guidance to their children
It will provide comprehensive service for MRCS members of low and moderate children and family
First Aid is the first assistance or treatment given for a sick or injured person (called casualty) before the arrival of an ambulance or qualified expert.
OBJECTIVES OF FIRST AID
TO SAVE LIVES
If unconscious keep the airway clear
Make sure the casualty is breathing
Stop any bleeding
Treat other injuries in the right order
TO PREVENT FUTHER INJURY
Never move the casualty unless there is danger, to avoid further injury
Comfort and reassure the casualty
Give protection from the cold, exercise heat or wet conditions
TO OBTAIN MEDICAL AID
Ask someone to call an ambulance or doctor as soon as possible.
If too much blood is lost from the body through a wound or other injury, the casualty may die, always stop the bleeding promptly.
WHAT TO DO
- If the wound is minor and dirty, lightly rinse it with running water, if available, until it is clean.
- Wash your hands before and after giving first aid and avoid getting blood on your hands or body especially if you have any open cuts or wounds.
Wash Hands & Use Sterile Dressing
- Stop the flow of blood by pressing firmly on the wound, or hold the cut edges together. Put a bulky dressing firmly on the wound. If a suitable dressing cannot be found quickly, use a folded pad of material or tissues. Keep firm pressure on the wound for 10 minutes with the casualty lying down, if possible.
- If the wound is on a limb, raise the injured part to slow down bleeding. Comfort and reassure the casualty.
Stop the flow of blood by applying direct pressure and elevating the limb.
- If the blood comes through the first dressing pad, check that it is in the right place. If still bleeds, apply further pad – do not remove original pad.
- Keep the wounded part raised for a while, until the bleeding has stopped. A doctor should check all severe wounds. Some will need stitches to help them to heal.
- A puncture wound, such as an injury from a rusty nail, or a bite from a cat or dog, may become infected later. The casualty should see the doctor as soon as possible, because an anti-tetanus injection may be needed.
CPR for Infants (Age <1)
CLICK HERE FOR A VIDEO DEMONSTRATION
1. Shout and Tap
Shout and gently tap the child on the shoulder. If there is no response, position the infant on his or her back
2. Open The Airway
Open the airway using a head tilt lifting of chin. Do not tilt the head too far back
3. Give 2 Gentle Breaths
If the baby is NOT breathing give 2 small gentle breaths. Cover the baby's mouth and nose with your mouth. Each breath should be 1 second long. You should see the baby's chest rise with each breath.
4. Give 30 Compressions
Give 30 gentle chest compressions at the rate of 100 per minute. Use two or three fingers in the center of the chest just below the nipples. Press down approximately one-third the depth of the chest.
5. Repeat
Repeat with 2 breath and 30 compressions. After two minutes of repeated cycles call 911 and continue giving breaths and compressions.
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