PC HARDWARE UPGRADES

ByDean SteichenSIR Branch 8SIR Branch 8

Walnut Creek, Ca.March 18, 2004

PC HARDWARE UPGRADES

See www.howstuffworks.comC t t ff ti H d MComputerstuff section, Hardware, More

Check your System Manual

M j PiM j PiMajor PiecesMajor Pieces

Monitor (video display)Case (‘da box)( )KeyboardMouseSpeakersPrinterPrinterOther stuff (e.g. webcam)

Case (‘da box)Case (‘da box)Case ( da box)Front

Case ( da box)Front

Floppy DrivePower Switch

OM

Reset SwitchLights

yPPY USB g

CDROM/CDRW (Maybe)DVD-ROM (Maybe)

ER

DVD ROM (Maybe)ZIP Drive (Maybe)

CaseCaseCaseRearCaseRear

Power cordVideoKeyboard

r PS & Fan

KeyboardMouse (PS/2)Printer (Parallel)

& Mouse ( )

Serial(s) (mice, printers, other)Sound (speakers, mic, line)N t k (NIC) b

r

Network (NIC) - maybeModem – maybeUSB – probably

und

USB probablyFirewire – maybe

BewareBewareBewareBewareStatic electricity can damage sensitive componentsAlways ground yourself to h l f h the metal part of the case when handling anything especially things with especially things with exposed chips (RAM, CPU, Video cards, etc.C U, deo ca ds, etc

O h CO h COpen the CaseOpen the Case

Check your Manual for instructions.Remove one or more screws

ScrewRemove one or more screws on backSome cases remove as one i (t d b th id ) piece (top and both sides)

Slide shell back (about ½ inch) and lift off

S th id Some cases remove the side panels only

Slide side panel back (about ½ inch) and removeScrew ½ inch) and removeScrew

D I id ?D I id ?Dusty Inside?Dusty Inside?

Usually, you will find it dusty inside the case.Use a can of compressed air to blow out the dustUse a can of compressed air to blow out the dust.It is a much nicer to work on a clean machine!

C liC liCoolingCooling

You might consider adding a Chassis Fan.is Fan

Or a Slot FanTo help keep the machine cool as long as you are opening up the case.an

I id h CI id h CInside the CaseInside the Casei l M th b d Motherboard

CPU w/fan and heatsinkRAM

ypical Motherboard

RAMVideo Card (AGP/PCI)Sound Card (PCI)CPU

lots

Video ( )Network Interface Card (PCI)Drives (Floppy, HardDisk, CDROM etc

RAM

CDROM, etc.IDE ControllersParallel, Serial Connectors

-------------LLEL, SERIAL ,

Typical UpgradesTypical UpgradesTypical Upgrades& Additions

Typical Upgrades& Additions

RAMDrives (Flash Drive 2nd Harddisk CDROM Drives (Flash Drive, 2 Harddisk, CDROM, CDRW, DVD- ROM, DVD-RW, ZIP Drive, etc.)Network CardNetwork CardVideo CardSound CardCPU (Maybe)( y )

RAMRAMRAMRAM

Check your Motherboard Manual for Type, Size and Speed of RAMSpeed of RAM

SIMM & DIMM –168pinPC100PC133

DDR DIMMPC1600PC2100

Check Manual for Insertion InstructionsInstructions

I lli RAMI lli RAMInstalling RAMInstalling RAM

SIMMs & DIMMs just snap in. They are usually “keyed” so they will only keyed so they will only go in one way. Look at the edge with the contacts gand notice the notches. The “locks or tabs” secure th SIMM/DIMM th the SIMM/DIMM on the ends and fit in the end notches.otc es

R i i N RAMR i i N RAMRecognizing New RAMRecognizing New RAM

When you power on the computer for the first time after installing new RAM, it usually is g , yrecognized automatically during POST (Initialization).( )Some machines will require you to set it in the CMOS (System Setup) or to reboot after initially CMOS (System Setup) or to reboot after initially partially starting when it discovers the new RAM.

USB 2 0 USB 2 0 USB 2.0 USB 2.0

You may need to install a USB 2.0 card to upgrade your system for USB 2.0system for USB 2.0You may have USB 1.1 already and some Flash Drives and USB devices can Drives and USB devices can use them (keyboard, mice, printers, webcams, etc.)Fl h D i k b t ith Flash Drives work best with USB 2.0 although some Drives will work with USB 1.1

Fl h D i (USB)Fl h D i (USB)Flash Drive (USB)Flash Drive (USB)

This could be the easiest way to increase your Disk StorageRequires Win 98se or newer Requires Win 98se or newer operating systemPlugs into a USB port and is

t ti ll i d automatically recognized as a new drive when insertedCan be inserted/removed while running (hot plugable)Comes in various sizes from 64MB, 128MB, 256MB, 6 , 8 , 56 ,512MB and 1GB

Wh Add H d D iWh Add H d D iWhy Add a Hard DriveWhy Add a Hard Drive

Add More Storage capacity to your system (I.e. 2nd Hard Drive)Note: The following is NOT covered in this presentation

Replace a functioning boot hard drive with a larger one (You ill t t ft li d ith d i t ll will want to use software supplied with new drive to copy all

your data to the new drive)Replace a failed hard drive (You will want to use software Replace a failed hard drive (You will want to use software supplied with new drive to create a new boot drive)

Common IDE Drive C fi i

Common IDE Drive C fi i Configurations on many

computersConfigurations on many

computerscomputerscomputersIDE connection DevicePrimary Master Boot DrivePrimary Master Boot DrivePrimary Slave Empty (available)S d M t CdR D iSecondary Master CdRom DriveSecondary Slave Empty (available)

2 d H d D i2 d H d D i2nd Hard Drive2nd Hard Drive

May be connected as a Slaveon 1st IDE (Primary) Controller (RECOMMENDED)(RECOMMENDED)OR May be connected as a Master or Slave on 2nd IDE (Secondary) ControllerConnect Power (may require a splitter for power cord)a splitter for power cord)

Drive JumperDrive JumperDrive Jumper(Applies to each IDE Device)

Drive Jumper(Applies to each IDE Device)

Setting the Drive Designation Jumper on each Drive

MasterMasterSlave

Note: Only one Master and Only one Master and yyone Slave per IDE Cableone Slave per IDE Cable. Each Drive must be set correctly to avoid conflictscorrectly to avoid conflicts

Power Connector

D i C bl ( )D i C bl ( )Drive Cable(s)Drive Cable(s)

Connecting Drives to the IDE Controller(s) – 2nd HD, CDROM/RW, DVDR/RW, etc.

Sound & IDE CablesCDROM/RW, DVDR/RW, etc.

Primary1st HD as Master (usually your primary Hard Drive)2nd Drive as Slave – May be another HD or CDR/RW,DVD

Secondary3rd D i M t M b

cable

3rd Drive as Master – May be HD, CDR/RW or DVD R/RW4th Drive as Slave – May be CDR/RW or DVD R/RW

A D i BA D i BAccess to Drive BayAccess to Drive Bay

You may have to remove the plastic bezel to get at

b the empty drive bay. They usually just snap out and in

y bay

and in.You will have to remove the bay cover to expose

stic bezel

the bay cover to expose the bay for the drive.

Adding Other IDE DevicesAdding Other IDE DevicesAdding Other IDE Devices(CDROM, CDRW, DVD, etc.)Adding Other IDE Devices(CDROM, CDRW, DVD, etc.)

May be connected in several configurations depending on what is already connected

need an empty Drive Bayneed an empty Drive Bay

what is already connected.Primary IDE Controller

2nd Drive (D1 – Slave)Secondary IDE Controller

1st Drive (D0 – Master)2nd Drive (D1 – Slave)

Power Connector (Splitter?)Sound Connector

SOUND CABLESOUND CABLESOUND CABLE(CDR/RW, DVDR/RW)

SOUND CABLE(CDR/RW, DVDR/RW)

The sound cable goes from the drive to your sound card. Some sound cards support more than one sound source (drive)

d cable

one sound source (drive)

Recognize New Hard DriveRecognize New Hard DriveRecognize New Hard Drive(Configure BIOS)

Recognize New Hard Drive(Configure BIOS)

Turn on MonitorPower on the system and look for on-screen message i di ti h t t SETUP ( h k M l)indication how to enter SETUP (or check Manual)Press the Pause/Break key after memory count to give time to read the on screen message (if necessary)time to read the on-screen message (if necessary)Press Enter key to resume system bootPress the key to enter SETUP function (e g Del or F1)Press the key to enter SETUP function (e.g. Del or F1)In SETUP function, select the auto-detect IDE/HDD and press Enter (You may also use the AUTO option for the p ( y pdevice)

P i i i h H d D iP i i i h H d D iPartitioning the Hard DrivePartitioning the Hard Drive

Several choices depend on use of the new drive. Planning is key

R l i i l HDReplace original HDUse software that came with the drive to copy original HD to new HD

Add it as 2nd HD – (Most likely choice)( y )One large Partition or several Partitions – each partition appears as a separate drive letter in windows

> Use Software that came with the drive> Use Partition Magic to partition drive> Use ”fdisk” command to create partitions (need to know what you are

doing with this)Use “format” command to format new HD partitionsUse format command to format new HD partitions

HD P i i iHD P i i iHD PartitioningHD Partitioning

You can use the whole drive as one partitionI suggest partitioning any drive over 20GBgg p g yI like partitions of about 20-35GB in sizeMultiple partitions allow you to organize dataMultiple partitions allow you to organize data

Music (mp3, wav, etc.)Video (VCD DVD etc )Video (VCD, DVD, etc.)Backup for “C” Drive (at least as big as your C drive)Etc.tc

F i h P i iF i h P i iFormating the PartitionsFormating the Partitions

You can use the software that came with the New Drive to Partition and format each partition of pyour drive.You can use the “Format” Command to format You can use the Format Command to format each partition.You can use “Partition Magic” to Partition/reYou can use Partition Magic to Partition/re-Partition your drive (I like this program)

Recognize New Recognize New Recognize New CD,CDRW,DVD,DVD-R/RW

Recognize New CD,CDRW,DVD,DVD-R/RW

Power on the system and the new hardware should be recognized.gInstall software from Installation CD.

Network Interface CardNetwork Interface CardNetwork Interface Card“NIC”

Network Interface Card“NIC”

Wireless or WiredPCI

ess

EISA (aka ISA)

PCI

d

R i i N NICR i i N NICRecognizing New NICRecognizing New NIC

May be automatically detected on bootup and may request driver CD or floppy.y q ppyInstall software drivers from Installation CD

VIDEO CARDVIDEO CARDVIDEO CARDVIDEO CARD

AGPPCIEISA – (ISA)

(ISA..old technology)

AGP type

Configuring New Video CardConfiguring New Video CardConfiguring New Video CardConfiguring New Video Card

May be automatically detected during bootup and request driver CD.qInstall software from Installation CD.

S d C dS d C dSound CardSound Card

PCIEISA (ISA …old)( )

PCI type

R i i N S d C dR i i N S d C dRecognizing New Sound CardRecognizing New Sound Card

May be automatically detected during bootup and request driver CD.qInstall driver and utilities from Installation CD

CPUCPUCPU(Example of a old 486)

CPU(Example of a old 486)

Fan onCheck your manual but it usually is not worth it.Top

Fan on top of heatsink

Some Newer CPU’s look different but perform the

j b

side --

p& CPU

same job.Newer & faster CPU’s

ll h bi f t F P usually have big fans to keep them cool.

Fan Power cord

Major UpgradeMajor UpgradeMajor UpgradeMotherboard & CPU

Major UpgradeMotherboard & CPU

Replacing the Motherboard is a way to go BUT it could be more go BUT it could be more cost effective to buy a new system. Your old yvideo card, hard drive, ram, etc. will probably not be able to take advantage be able to take advantage of the new features/speed of the new motherboard.

Can you Identify the Major Can you Identify the Major Can you Identify the Major components on this MB?

Can you Identify the Major components on this MB?

1 ___________________2 ___________________--

3 ___________________4 ___________________5 ___________________- - - - - - - - - - --

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Answer:Answer:Answer:Major components on this MB

Answer:Major components on this MB

1 RAM (Memory) Slots2 CPU Slot--

3 PCI Slots4 AGP Video Slot5 IDE, Serial & Parallel connectors- - - - - - - - - - --

- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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