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Faithfully Execute:The President as Enforcer of the Law

The curriculum, Presidentsand the Constitution, was

made possible bygenerous grants from theNational Endowment forthe Humanities through

its We the Peopleprogram, as well as from

Dr. John Templeton.

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Presidents and the Constitution

Each unit includesScholarly essay

Primary source activity focusing onArticle II

Lessons to show how three different

presidents understood and exercisedtheir constitutional powers

Volume II Units

WarChief Enforcer

Impeachment

Federal Power

Transfer of Power

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Back of the book resources

Answer KeyAppendix A: The Declaration

of Independence

Appendix B: The ConstitutionAppendix C: The Bill of RightsResources

Special ThanksImage CreditsNational Standards

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Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts &Literacy in History/Social Studies

8. Delineate and evaluate the reasoning in seminalU.S. texts, including the application ofconstitutional principles and use of legal

reasoning (e.g., in U.S. Supreme Court majorityopinions and dissents) and the premises,purposes, and arguments in works of publicadvocacy (e.g., The Federalist, presidentialaddresses).

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How did President Eisenhower explain his decision to use

federal troops to prevent violence in Little Rock?1. He was eager to demonstrate that a governor could not defy a federal

court order.

2. He believed the public schools were the best place to begin

desegregating American society.

3. He decided that his constitutional duty to enforce the law wasinescapable.

4. He thought it was time for the federal government to take over theoperation of the nations public schools.

5. Not sure

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Eisenhower and the Little Rock Crisis

Critical Engagement Question (p. 86): ShouldPresident Eisenhower have used federal troops

to enforce a federal courts order to integrateschools in Little Rock, Arkansas?

Read the Overview, p. 86, and Handout A:Eisenhower and the Little Rock Crisis, and

consider the Critical Thinking Questions.

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What are people doing? What are people NOT doing?What kinds of expressions or attitudes do you see?Are there law enforcement officers present? If so, do they seem to beworking to stop the violence?

What do these images reveal about Little Rock at the time they weretaken?

Crisis at Central High School

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What are people doing? What are people NOT doing?What kinds of expressions or attitudes do you see?Are there law enforcement officers present? If so, do they seem to beworking to stop the violence?

What do these images reveal about Little Rock at the time they weretaken?

Crisis at Central High School

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Handout B: DocumentBased Question

Key Question: AssessPresidentEisenhowers

constitutionaljustification for hisdecision to sendfederal troops to LittleRock, Arkansas to

enforce a federalcourts order tointegrate publicschools.

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Document AnalysisUse Handout C:

Organizing Documents to map youranalysis of documents with your group.Note scaffolding questions.

Group 1: Documents A,B,C,D,EGroup 2: Documents A,B,C,F,GGroup 3: Documents A,B,C,H,I

Volunteer?? Please read aloudEisenhowers radio address,

Document K.

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How do the documents help us to answer the key question?

Assess President Eisenhowers constitutional justificationfor his decision to send federal troops to Little Rock,Arkansas to enforce a federal courts order to integratepublic schools.

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Eisenhower and the Little Rock CrisisExtensions

A. Have students read Eisenhowers entire radio address and summarizeits key points. The document can be found at www.ArticleII.org.

B. Have students research the lives of theLittle Rock Nine:

Carlotta Walls

Jefferson Thomas

Elizabeth Eckford

Thelma Mothershed

Melba Pattillo

Terrance Roberts

Gloria Ray

Minniejean Brown

Ernest Green

http://www.articleii.org/http://www.articleii.org/

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How did President Eisenhower explain his decision to use

federal troops to prevent violence in Little Rock?1. He was eager to demonstrate that a governor could not defy a federalcourt order.

2. He believed the public schools were the best place to begin

desegregating American society.

3. He decided that his constitutional duty to enforce the law wasinescapable.

4. He thought it was time for the federal government to take over theoperation of the nations public schools.

5. Not sure

Little Rock Crisis

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We WantYOU

To use ourcurriculum

To let us know howthese resources work

in your classroom

To pilot or evaluate

our curriculum