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PCDObjective 3.02 Prenatal Development
Pre= _______
Natal=______
TERMS• Egg (ovum)
• female cell needed for reproduction
• Uterus – • Fallopian Tube• Ovary• Cervix• Vagina
http://kidshealth.org/misc/movie/bodybasics/bodybasics_female_repro.html
FALLOPIAN TUBE• Pair of tubes connecting the egg from the ovary to the uterus.
OVULATION
Once a month a woman’s egg is released from the ovaries
HORMONESChemicals in the body that cause changes
UTERUS • Organ in a woman’s body where a baby develops during pregnancy.
TERMSSperm
• male cell needed for reproduction
Testicle- male organ where sperm are producedVas Deferenes – tube that connects the Testicles to the UrethraUrethra – tube that allows urine and semen to be releasedEjaculation – the release of semenSemen – a mixture of sperm and other bodily fluids
http://kidshealth.org/misc/movie/bodybasics/male_repro.html
TERMS•Conception Conception (fertilization)(fertilization)--the union of the union of an ovum and an ovum and sperm, sperm, resulting in resulting in the beginning the beginning of a of a pregnancypregnancy
WHAT HAPPENS DURING CONCEPTION?
#1 Sperm swim through the cervix, through the uterus, into the Fallopian tubes.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING CONCEPTION?
#2 If Egg present, sperm crowd around it and try to break through the surface.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING CONCEPTION?
Only one sperm is successful.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING CONCEPTION?
Fertilization ONLY OCCURS IN THE FALLOPIAN TUBES
WHAT HAPPENS DURING
CONCEPTION?
Once inside sperm seals out remaining sperm, which eventually die.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING
CONCEPTION?
Fertilized egg, travels down the fallopian tube into uterus and attaches to the wall of the uterus/IMPLANTATION!
LET’S SEE CONCEPTION FOR OURSELVES!!
• http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/wmv/vastv0433.wmv
http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-fertilization_10354435.bc
IMPLANTATION• Process of attachment of the embryo to the maternal uterine wall.
BLASTOCYST
A hollow ball of cells from the fertilized egg that implants itself into the uterus lining
AMNIOTIC SAC“Bag” surrounding baby in uterus that holds amniotic fluid
AMNIOTIC FLUID Liquid that surrounds and
protects the developing baby in the uterus during pregnancy
“My water broke.” is a term women use.
It’s your amniotic sac that broke and the amniotic fluid comes out.
UMBILICAL CORDLong tube that connects the
placenta to the developing baby during pregnancy; carries food and oxygen to the baby
PLACENTATissue in the uterus
of a pregnant woman
rich in blood vessels
transports food and oxygen from mom to baby
Transports waste from baby to mom
FULL TERMChild carried the entire nine months of pregnancy.
PRENATAL TERMSQuickening
4-5th monthWhen mother feels that baby move
LighteningBaby drops into pelvic area before birth
ORDER OF DEVELOPMENT
A baby’s development is grouped into three stages:
1. Zygote2. Embryo3. Fetus.
1ST STAGE: ZYGOTE/FERTILIZED EGG
Conception-2 weeks of pregnancyfertilized egg and implantation
Travels down fallopian tube Attaches itself to uterusGrows by cell division 2 weeks, size of pinhead
ZYGOTE
2ND STAGE: EMBRYOHTTP://WWW.EXPLORATORIUM.EDU/EXHIBITS/EMBRYO/EMBRYO.HTML#
3-8 weeks 1st-Mass of cells develop into all major systems of the body
2nd-Sac filled with fluid forms around embryo
3rd-Placenta 4th-Umbilical Cord
EMBRYO
THE STAGES OF ZYGOTE & EMBRYO DIVISION
multiply
LET’S TAKE A CLOSER LOOK!!!
http://bit.ly/10wwxe
3RD STAGE: FETUSFINAL STAGE
2nd-9th Month1st time child is called fetus
Human-like features Fetal movement
4th and/or 5th monthLabor occurs
Baby gradually moves out of the uterus into the vagina to be born
FETUS
FETUS
TRIMESTER3 month period
3 trimesters = full term pregnancy1st trimester – months 1, 2, 32nd trimester – months 4, 5, 63rd trimester – months 7, 8, 9
“TRIMESTER GRAPHIC
ORGANIZER”
1ST TRIMESTER
http://www.babycenter.com/fetal-development-images-3-weeks
FIRST TRIMESTER - FIRST MONTH
Baby Size of a pin head at two
weeks Egg attached to lining of the
uterus. Called Zygote until it attaches
then becomes an embryo The heart, which is no larger
than a poppy seed, is beating. Internal organs and
circulatory system begin to form
Small bumps indicate the beginning of arms and legs
Placenta (afterbirth) begins to develop
•Mother•Missed period•Enlarged breasts•Frequent urination
FIRST MONTH
FIRST TRIMESTERTWO MONTHS
Baby Zygote 1/4 inch long and has
distinct, slightly webbed fingers.
Face, eyes, ears, and limb develop.
Bones begin to form 8 weeks, changes from
embryo to a fetus Will remain fetus until
birth Veins are clearly visible. The heart has divided into
right and left chambers. Penis begins to appear
in boys Baby is moving
although the mother can not yet feel movement
• Mother• Swelling of
breasts• Increased
urination due to pressure on bladder
• Nausea • “Morning
sickness”
Video:1:54
Inside Pregnancy: Boy
or Girl?
TWO MONTHS
FIRST TRIMESTERTHREE MONTHS
Baby 1 in. long as mth. Begins
Nostrils, mouth, lips, teeth buds, eyelids form
Fingers and toes almost developed
All organs present, although immature
Begun swallowing and kicking
Heart rate heard at 10 weeks with a special instrument called a Doppler
•Mother•Breasts firmer/fuller, may ache•Nausea•Fatique•Frequent urination may continue•Abdomen slightly larger•Wt. gain may total 2-4 lbs.
http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-10-to-14_10308108.bc
1ST TRIMESTER OVERVIEW Zygote stage – last about 2 weeks Fertilized attaches to thick lining of uterus Cell division begins Embryo stage-3 to 8 weeks after conception
Embryo becomes firmly attached to uterus All major organ systems form Placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord formed by
end of this stage At 4 weeks - 1/6 of an inch long Backbone, spinal column and nervous system are
forming
Do not copy
SECOND TRIMESTER FOUR MONTHS
Baby 3 in long Weighs 1 oz. as mth. Begins Can suck thumb, swallow,
hiccup, and move around Facial features become
clearer Covered with a layer of thick,
downy hair called lanugo. Heartbeat can be heard
clearly This is when you may feel
your baby's first kick. Tooth buds are developing not able to survive outside
the mother's body Sex is identifiable
•Mother•Appetite increases•Most unpleasantness of early pregnancy, such as morning sickness, usually gone•Abdomen cont. to grow slowly
http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-15-to-20_10308111.bc
4 MONTHS
SECOND TRIMESTER FIVE MONTHS
Baby6 ½-7 inches longweighs almost 4-5 oz.Hair, eyelashes, and
eyebrows appearTeeth cont. to developOrgans are maturingBecomes more activeProtective coating called
vernix caseosa begins to form on baby's skin. ver·nix ca·se·o·sa
•Mother•Enlarged abdomen becomes apparent•Slight fetal movements•increased size of abdominal area may begin to affect posture•breasts may begin to leak a yellowish fluid called colostrum
SECOND TRIMESTER SIX MONTHS Baby
8-10 in. 8-12 oz. Eyebrows and eyelids are
visible. Eyelids begin to part and eyes
open sometimes for short periods of time
The baby's lungs are filled with amniotic fluid.
started breathing motions.
If the mother talks or sings, the baby can hear.
Fat deposits under skin, but fetus appears wrinkled
Baby is able to hiccup
•Mother•Fetal movements sensed as strong kicks, thumps, and bumps (may be visible)•Wt. gain by the beginning of this mth. may total 10-12 lbs.
http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-21-to-27_10312242.bc
6 MONTHS
2ND TRIMESTEROVERVIEW Stage of the fetus Baby recognizable as human All internal organs present, but not functioning Quickening: 4th–5th month fetal movement felt 14 weeks muscles lengthen and become organized 16 weeks Can grasp with hands, kick and somersault 20 weeks
Can hear and recognize mothers voice Fingernails and fingerprint appear Sex organs are visible
24 weeks: Covered with a fine hair Protected by a waxy substance called vernix Breaths in amniotic fluid
Do not copy
THIRD TRIMESTER SEVEN MONTHS
Baby14-16 in. long 1 ½ pounds Periods of activity
followed by periods of rest and quiet
Body is well-formedFingernails cover his
fingertipsTaste buds have
developed If born at this time, baby
will be considered a premature baby and require special care
•Mother•Increased size may affect posture
http://www.babycenter.com/2_inside-pregnancy-weeks-28-to-37_3658874.bc
THIRD TRIMESTER EIGHT MONTHS
Baby 14-16 in. long Weighs 2 1/2 and 3 pounds
Gaining about half a pound per week
Layers of fat are piling on Moves into head-down
position in preparation for birth May react to loud noises with
reflex jerking action Tremendous brain growth Most body organs are now
developed with the exception of the lungs
•Mother•Discomfort may result from increased size of abdominal area•backache=fatique•Leg cramps=shortness of breath•Fetal kicks may disturb the mother’s rest•At beginning of mth., wt. gain totals 18-20 lbs
THIRD TRIMESTER NINE MONTHS Baby
17-18 in. long Wt. 5-6 lbs Skin becomes smooth as fat
deposits cont. Movements decrease as the
fetus has less room to move around
Acquires antibodies to fight disease from the mother’s blood
Moves into pelvis, ready for birth
can survive outside the mother's body
The lungs mature
•Mother•“Lightening” felt as the fetus drops into the pelvis and decreases pressure on mother’s organs; breathing becomes easier•Other discomforts may cont.•Total wt. gain 25-35 lbs. is typical•False labor pains may be experienced
3RD TRIMESTER OVERVIEW• Fetus • Last 3 months of pregnancy• Capable of living outside the
womb• LIGHTENING occurs – baby
shifts downward and feels more comfortable in upper abdomen
• Sleeps 90-95% of the day• At birth, placenta detaches from
uterus as lifeline and child takes first breath on their own
Do not copy
ULTRASOUND EXAMVIDEO 3:34
PARTNER UP! You will be put into groups to complete the
next assignments.
“NAME THAT MONTH”Directions:
Class will be arranged into nine groups.
Each group will receive one case study strip.
Each group will read the case study (table tent) together to decide which month of the pregnancy is described.
Be ready to share your response.
CASE STUDY #1 The zygote is the size of a pin head.
The egg is attached to the lining of the uterus. The zygote is attached to the lining of the uterus and becomes an embryo. The mother has missed her menstrual cycle, her breasts have enlarged, and she has to urinate frequently.
What month is this? Month 1
CASE STUDY #2 The fetus is 17-18 inches long and weighs 5-6
pounds. The fetus continues gaining weight until the week before birth. The skin becomes smooth as fat deposits continue to develop. Movement decreases as the fetus has less room to move around. The fetus acquires antibodies to fight disease from the mother’s blood and moves into the pelvis, ready for birth. The mother feels lightening as the fetus drops into the pelvis; breathing becomes easier. Other discomforts continue, and a total weight gain of 25-35 pounds is typical. False labor pains called Braxton Hicks contractions may be experienced.
What month is this? Month 9
CASE STUDY #3
The embryo is ¼ inch long and has developed face, eyes, ears, and limbs. The bones have begun to form. The embryo changes to a fetus and remains a fetus until birth. The mother has swelling of breasts and increased urination due to pressure on the bladder. She is not having nausea or morning sickness.
What month is this? Month 2
CASE STUDY #4 The fetus is 3 inches long and weighs one
ounce. The fetus can suck its thumb, swallow, hiccup, and move around. The facial features become clearer. The mother’s abdomen continues to grow slowly. Most discomforts of early pregnancy, such as morning sickness, usually are gone. Appetite increases.
What month is it? Month 4
CASE STUDY #5 The fetus is about 8-10 inches long
and weighs about 8-12 ounces. The mother senses fetal movement as strong kicks, thumps, and bumps---some may be visible. The mother gains as much as 10-12 pounds during this month.
What month is it? Month 6
CASE STUDY #6 The fetus is about 14-16 inches long,
weighs about 2 ½-3 pounds as the month begins. The weight gain continues rapidly. The fetus may react to loud noises with a reflex jerking action. The fetus moves into a head-down position. The mother may show signs of discomfort from increased size. She might show signs of backache and fatigue along with leg cramps and shortness of breath. The fetal kicks may disturb the mother’s rest. At the beginning of the month, weight gain totals about 18-20 pounds.
What month is this? Month 8
CASE STUDY #7 The fetus is about one inch long. Nostrils,
mouth, lips, teeth buds and eyelids form. Fingers and toes also develop. All the organs are present, although they are immature. The mother’s breasts become firm and full, and they may ache. Nausea, fatigue and frequent urination are still present. The abdomen becomes slightly larger. The uterus is about the size of an orange. The mother has gained 2-4 pounds.
What month is this? Month 3
CASE STUDY #8The size of the fetus is 14-16
inches long and weighs about 1½ -2 pounds as the month begins. The fetus experiences periods of rest and quiet. The mother’s increased size may affect her posture.
What month is this?Month 7
CASE STUDY #9 The fetus is about 6 ½-7 inches long
and weighs about 4-5 ounces. Hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows appear and teeth continue to develop. The organs are maturing and the fetus is becoming more active. The mother’s abdomen has become large enough to let others know she is pregnant. Slight fetal movements are felt. Increased size has begun to affect her posture.
What month is this? Month 5
FETAL DEVELOPMENT GROWTH CHART
Materials:Construction paperRulerScaleColored PencilsPowerPoint Notes
Directions:Use materials to create a size chart of the
growth of the fetus each monthYou should chart it on paper, month by month
and beside each month measure the size. Look for teachers example.
FUN WAY TO REMEMBER
Directions:Use teacher’s example to create a
fun way to remember the 9 months of pregnancy for Baby and Mother.
Materials:Index cardsColored pencilsTeachers Mnemonic
I will post on document camera
3.02 FETAL DEVELOPMENT TEST REVIEW
Directions:Complete MiTiReLa 3.02 Learning Mode.
Record score after clicking daily progress.
Teacher will need to see and sign off on your MiTiReLa paper.
LET’S SEE WHAT YOU KNOW!
Directions: Close eyes and put heads down on desks. I will describe each month of pregnancy. You will hold up the # of fingers
corresponding to the month of pregnancy that is described.
Teacher will rotate around the room and touch student’s hand if incorrect. If hand is touched you will know you need to
try again! If hand is not touched, leaved your fingers
up until the next description is called out. Test may consists of 9-18 questions.
GUIDED PRACTICE
You will pick a number 1-9 out of the cup. That # will represent a month of pregnancy.
After you have chosen a month, you will find an object in the classroom that would represent the size of the embryo and fetus at each stage of development.
After objects are collected, display and give a description of the growth represented by each object.
INDEPENDENT PRACTICE You will be grouped with a partner to decorate a
bulletin board according to the month of pregnancy you choose.
Bulletin Boards must be neat, attractive, easy to read--words must be big enough to read, no grammatical errors
Your bulletin board must provide the following: Pictures 10
points Grammatical Errors 10
points Labels 20 points Content (info discussed in class) 40 points
Gather info from notes, textbook, Internet Creative 20 points TOTAL 100 Points