Reports
Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Integrating Intellectual Property Rights and
Development Policy: Report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, 2002
http://www.iprcommission.org/papers/pdfs/final_report/ciprfullfinal.pdf
De Schutter, Olivier, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food: The Right to
Food: Seed policies and the right to food: enhancing agrobiodiversity and
encouraging innovation A/64/170, 2009.
http://www.srfood.org/images/stories/pdf/officialreports/20091021_report-ga64_seed-
policies-and-the-right-to-food_en.pdf (see also
http://www.srfood.org/index.php/en/documents-issued)
Fowler, Cary, Smale, and Gaiji, Germplasm Flows Between Developing Countries and the
CGIAR: An Initial Assessment.
http://www.fao.org/docs/eims/upload/206939/gfar0065.PDF
Gupta, Anil, WIPO-UNEP Study on the Role of Intellectual Property Rights in the Sharing of
Benefits arising from the Use of Biological Resources and Associated Traditional
Knowledge, 2004. http://www.wipo.int/tk/en/publications/769e_unep_tk.pdf
Laird, Sarah; Catherine Monagle, and Sam Johnston. An Access & Benefit Sharing Case
Study (Queensland Biodiscovery Collaboration: The Griffith University AstraZeneca
Partnership for Natural Product Discovery: UNU-IAS Report)
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/access/pubs/qld-
biodiscovery.pdf
Lewis-Lettington, Robert J. and Serah Mwanyiki, Case studies on access and benefit-sharing
(The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, IPGRI)
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversityDocs/Policy/Access_and_
Benefit_Sharing/ABS_CaseStudies_IPGRI_06_58.pdf
Libreros, Dimary, Bibliography on Access to Plant Genetic Resources and Intellectual
Property Rights, (IPGRI)
http://www.bioversityinternational.org/fileadmin/bioversity/publications/pdfs/897_Bi
bliography_on_access_to_plant_genetic_resources_and_intellectual_property_rights.
Rimmer, Mathew. Australia's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy 2010-2020: A Submission
to the National Biodiversity Strategy Review Taskforce, May 2009 (with Holcombe,
S. and Janke, T.) http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/strategy/review-
submissions/pubs/id955-anupart1-01062009.pdf
Rangnekar, Dwijen. Geographical Indications and Localisation: A Case Study of Feni.
(Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation [CSGR], University of
Warwick). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1564624
United Nations, Report of the High Commission of the Human Rights Commission on
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, The Impact of the Agreement on Trade Related
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights on Human Rights, UN Doc
E/CN.4/Sub.2/2001/13, 2001. http://daccess-dds-
ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G01/143/45/PDF/G0114345.pdf
Unnikrishnan P.M. and M.S. Suneetha, Biodiversity, Traditional Knowledge and Community
Health: Strengthening Linkages, (UNU-IAS Policy Report)
http://www.ias.unu.edu/resource_centre/Biodiversity%20Traditional%20Knowledge
%20and%20Community%20Health_final.pdf
Unnikrishnan P.M. and M.S. Suneetha, Benefit Sharing in ABS: Options and Elaborations
(UNU-IAS Report)
http://www.ias.unu.edu/resource_centre/UNU_ABS_Report_Final_lowres.pdf
Publications
Acharya, R. “Patenting of biotechnology: GATT and the erosion of the world’s biodiversity.”
(1991) 25 No. 6 Journal of World Trade. 71-87.
Agris, C.H. “Intellectual property protection for plants.” (1999) 17 No. 2 Nature
Biotechnology.197-198.
Ahloowalia, B.S., S. Shantharam and J.F. Montgomery. New genes for old genes.
Biotechnology, biosafety, and biodiversity: scientific and ethical issues for
sustainable development. Enfeild: Science Publishers, Inc, 1999. 219-224.
Alcorn, J.B. “Economy botany, conservation, and development: what’s the connection?”
(1995) 82 No. 1 Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 34-46.
Alencar, G.S.d., M.C.v.d. Reed, M.C. Van der Reed et al. “1996: an important year for
Brazilian biopolitics?” (1996) No. 27 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 21-
22.
Alexander, D. “Some themes in intellectual property and the environment.”
(1993) 2 No. 2 Review of European and International Envirionmental
Law (RECIEL).1113-1120.
Anderson, A. “Lest we starve. Rich nations have to get tough with raiders of the
world’s gene banks.” (1998) No. 157 New Scientist. 21.
Annicchiarico, P. “Access to genetic resources: regulatory aspects and implications for
development of seed production systems.” (2000) 56 No. 21 Informatore Agrario
Supplemento.13-22.
Antons, C. Traditional Knowledge, Traditional Cultural Expressions and Intellectual
Property Law in The Asia-Pacific Region, Kluwer Law International, 2009
Artuso, A., R.E. Evenson, D. Gollin et al. 1998. “Creating linkages between valuation,
conservation and sustainable development of genetic resources.” In Agricultural
values of plant genetic resources, 197-206. Wallingford: CAB International, 1998.
Asebey, E.J. 1996. “Indigenous knowledge and intellectual property: towards equitable
compensation.” (1996) No. 560 Biodiversity, biotechnology, and sustainable
development in health and agriculture: emerging connections.191-199.
Ashish, K. and A. Kothari. “Convention on biological diversity: Progress on major issues.”
(1997) 1 No. 1 RIS Biotechnology and Development Review. 15-33.
Austin, Graeme W, and Helfer. Human Rights and Intellectual Property: Mapping the
Global Interface. Cambridge University Press, 2011
Balakrishna, P. “The need for a TRIPs ‘Plus’ regime.” (1998) 10 No. 7 AgBiotech News and
Information. 211.
Balakrishna, P. and M.S. Swaminathan. “Access to genetic resources and traditional
knowledge: Priorities for national and regional actions.” (1998) 75 No. 2 Current
Science. 80-81.
Balick, M.J. and P.A. Cox. Plants, people, and culture: the science of ethnobotany.
New York: Scientific American Library, 1996.
Barrett, B. “Herbal knowledge on Nicaragua’s Atlantic Coast: consensus within diversity.”
(1995) 20 No. 5 Journal of Community Health. 403-421.
Barrett, B. and D. Kiefer. “Ethnomedical, biological, and clinical support for medicinal
plant use on Nicaragua’s Atlantic coast.” (1996) 4 No. 3 Journal of Herbs, Spices
and Medicinal Plants. 77-108.
Barton, J.H. “Biodiversity at Rio.” (1992) 42 No. 10 BioScience. 773-776.
Barton, J.H. “Introduction: Intellectual property rights workshop.” In Intellectual property
rights: Protection of plant materials, edited by P.S. Baenziger., R.A. Kleese and
R.F. Barnes, 13-19. Madison: Crop Science Society of America, 1993.
Barton, J.H. “The Mediterranean region provides a microcosm for the global intellectual
property rights debate.” (1995) 11 No. 1-2 Diversity.146-147.
Barton, J.H. and W.E. Siebeck. 1994. Material transfer agreements in genetic resources
exchange - the case of the International Agricultural Research Centres. Issues in
Genetic Resources No. 1, May 1994. Rome: International Plant Genetic Resources
Institute, 1994.
Barton, J.H., C.L. Ives and B.M. Bedford. “International intellectual property and
genetic resource issues affecting agricultural biotechnology.” (1998)
Agricultural biotechnology in international development. 273-283.
Barton, J.H., D.R. Buxton, R. Shibles et al. “How will intellectual property protection and
plant patents influence germplasm collection, enhancement, exchange, and use.” In
International Crop Science Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 14-22 July 1992, 855-857.
Madison: Crop Science Society of America, 1993.
Baumann, M., J. Bell, F. Koechlin et al. (eds.). The life industry: biodiversity, people and
profits. London: Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd, 1996.
Begemann, F. Access to plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. The process
of discussion in Germany. Bonn, Germany: IGR, ZADI, 1996.
Begemann, F., W. Ritter, M. Auer et al.. Teil 2: Statement of the ATSAF-working group
“Conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources as a part of biological
diversity” on access to and exchange of plant genetic resources for food and
agriculture. (PGRFA). Bonn, Germany: IGR, ZADI, 1996.
Belcher, B. “Living inventions.” (1992) 2 No. 3 Canadian Biodiversity. 30-33.
Bell, J. “Biopiracy’s latest disguises.” (1997) 14 No. 2 Seedling. 2-10.
Bellon, M., P.L. Pingali, E.C.H. Meng et al. Farmers, gene banks and crop breeding:
economic analyses of diversity in wheat, maize, and rice. Natural Resource
Management and Policy Series. Norwell: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
Bellon, M.R., D.S. Brar, B.R. Lu et al. Rice genetic resources. Sustainability of rice in
the global food system. 1998. 251-283.
Belson, N.A. “The biodiversity convention and the private sector.” (1996) 12 No. 1 Diversity.
6-7.
Bennett, B.C. and G.T. Prance. “Introduced plants in the indigenous pharmacopoeia of
northern South America.” (2000) 54 No. 1 Economic Botany. 90-102.
Bent, S.A. Intellectual property rights in biotechnology worldwide. New York: Stockton
Press, 1987.
Bentley, Lionel. “The Making of Modern Trademark Law.” In Trade Marks and Brands,
edited by Lionel Bentley, Jennifer Davis and Jane C. Ginsburg, 3-41. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Berlan, Jean-Pierre. “The Political Economy of Agricultural Genetics.” In Thinking about
Evolution: Historical, Philosophical, and Political Perspectives, edited by Rama S.
Singh et. al., 510-528. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Bertha, S.L., D.D. Soejarto, L. Rivier et al. “Academic research: policies and practice.
Intellectual property rights, naturally derived bioactive compounds and resource
conservation. Proceedings of an international symposium, San Jose, Costa Rica,
October 20-22, 1994.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3 Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 59-73.
Bhat, M.G. “Trade-related intellectual property rights to biological resources:
socioeconomic implications for developing countries.” (1996) 19 No. 3
Ecological Economics Amsterdam. 205-217.
Biagioli, Mario and P. Galison (eds.). Scientific Authorship: Credit and Intellectual Property
in Science. New York: Routledge, 2003.
Biagioli, Mario. “Documents of Documents: Scientists Names and Scientific Claims.” In
Documents: Artefacts of Modern Knowledge, edited by A. Riles, 129-156. Ann Arbor:
University of Michigan Press, 2006.
Biagioli, Mario. “Patent Republic: Representing Inventions, Constructing Rights and
Authors.”(2006) 73 Social Research.1129-1172.
Biagioli, Mario. Galileo’s Instruments of Credit: Telescopes, Images, Secrecy. London:
University of Chicago Press, 2006.
Bilderbeek, S. “Benefit sharing: the question is how?” (1993) 4 No. 1 Resources Nairobi. 12-
20.
Blakeney, Michael. Intellectual Property Rights and Food Security. Oxford: CABI, 2009.
Boldrin, Michele and David Levine. Against Intellectual Monopoly. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2008.
Boyd, M.R., D.D. Soejarto, L. Rivier et al. “The position of intellectual property rights in
drug discovery and development from natural products. Intellectual property rights,
naturally derived bioactive compounds and resource conservation. Proceedings of
an international symposium, San Jose, Costa Rica, October 20-22, 1994.” (1996) 51
No. 1-3 Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 17-27.
Bragdon, S., and C. Almekinders. 2000. “International policies related to the management
and use of genetic diversity.” In Encouraging diversity: the conservation and
development of plant genetic resources, edited by Boef, W, 254-261. London:
Intermediate Technology Publications, 2000.
Bragdon, S.H., V. Santaniello, R.E. Evenson et al. Recent intellectual property rights
controversies and issues at the CGIAR. Agriculture and intellectual property rights:
economic, institutional and implementation issues in biotechnology. Wallingford:
CABI Publishing, 2000. 77-90.
Braun, J.v. and J. Von Braun. “Genes and biodiversity: New scarcities and rights
challenge agricultural economics research.” (1994) 33 No. 4 Quarterly Journal
of International Agriculture. 345-348.
Brockway, L. Science and Colonial Expansion: The Role of the British Royal Botanic
Garden. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.
Bronckers, M.C. “The impact of TRIPS: Intellectual property protection in developing
countries.” (1994) 31 No. 6 Common Market Law Review. 194-205.
Brush, S.B. “Bioprospecting the public domain.” (1999) 14 No. 4 Cultural
Anthropology. 535-555.
Buanec, B.l. “The protection of plant accessions.” (1987) No. 61 Biofutur. 49-53.
Bubela, Tania and Gold. Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge: Case Studies and
Conflicting Interests. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, 2012.
Bugos, Glenn E. “Intellectual Property Protection in the American Chicken-Breeding
Industry.” (1992) 66 Business History Review.127-168.
Butler, B. and R. Pistorius. “How farmers’ rights can be used to adapt plant breeders’
rights.” (1996) No. 28 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 7-11.
Butler, L. and B. Marion. The impacts of patent protection on the US seed industry and
public plant breeding.
Cabrera, J, “Innovation and public research in central American countries.” In Intellectual
Property and Sustainable Development: Development Agendas in a Changing World,
edited by Melendez-Ortiz and Roffe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009.
Calle, R., D.D. Soejarto, L. Rivier et al. 1996. “Juridical and sociocultural problems on the
definition of a law concerning property, usage and access to genetic resources in
Colombia.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3 Intellectual property rights, naturally derived
bioactive compounds and resource conservation. 127-146.
Cantrell, R.P., N.E. Borlaug, D.R. Buxton et al. “Biodiversity - discussion.” In International
crop science I. International Crop Science Congress, Ames, Iowa, USA, 14-22 July
1992, 415-416. Madison: Crop Science Society of America, 1993.
Carew, R. “Intellectual property rights: implications for the canola sector and publicly funded
research.” (2000) 48 No. 2 Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics. 175-194.
Carlson, G., M. Marra, V. Santaniello et al. Property rights and regulations for
transgenic crops in North America. Agriculture and intellectual property rights:
economic, institutional and implementation issues in biotechnology.
Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2000. 209-222.
Carreno Peralta, E. and A.F. Krattiger. “A call for intellectual property rights to recognise
indigenous people’s knowledge of genetic and cultural resources.” In Widening
perspectives on biodiversity, edited by McNeely, J.A., W.H. Lesser, K.R. Miller et
al, 287-289. Gland, Switzerland: International Union for Conservation of Nature
and Natural Resources (IUCN), 1994.
Chander, A. and M Sunder. “The romance of the public domain.” (2004) No.92 California
Law Review. 1331-1374.
Chang, T.T. “Linkages among plant genetic resources, breeding and biotechnology - global
imperatives. Towards enhanced and substainable agricultural productivity in the
2000’s: breeding research and biotechnology Nankang Taipei, Taiwan, November
16-20, 1993.” (1994) 1 No. 35 Special Publication Taichung District Agricultural
Improvement Station. 15-23.
Charnley, Berris. “Seeds without Patents: Science and Morality in British Plant Breeding in
the Long Nineteenth Century.” (2013) 64 Revue Economique. 69-88.
———— and Gregory Radick. “Plant Breeding and Intellectual Property Before and After
the Rise of Mendelism: The Case of Britain.” In Living Properties: Making
Knowledge and Controlling Ownership in Modern Biology, edited by D. J. Kevles et.
al., 51-55. Berlin: MPIWG Preprint, 2010.
Chiarolla, Claudio. Intellectual Property, Agriculture and Global Food Security: The
Privatization of Crop Diversity. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2011.
Christie, J. “Indigenous peoples, biodiversity and intellectual property rights.” (1995) 5 No. 4
Australasian Biotechnology. 241-243.
Chung, F., F.J. Chung, D.D. Soejarto et al. “Interests and policies of the state of Sarawak,
Malaysia regarding intellectual property rights for plant derived drugs. Intellectual
property rights, naturally derived bioactive compounds and resource conservation.
Proceedings of an international symposium, San Jose, Costa Rica, October 20-22,
1994.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3 Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 201-204.
Condon, P. 1994. Impacts of the Rio Biodiversity Treaty. (1994) No. AO-208 Agricultural
Outlook. 24-26.
Cook, Robert C. “The First Plant Patent.” (1931) 22 Journal of Heredity. 313-319.
Cooper, D., J. Engels and E. Frison. A multilateral system for plant genetic resources:
Imperatives, achievements and challenges. Issues in Genetic Resources No.2
May 1994. Rome: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, 1994.
Correa, C.M. “Sovereign and property rights over plant genetic resources.” (1995) 12 No. 4
Agriculture and Human Values. 58-79.
Correa, C.M. and S.B. Brush. “In situ conservation and intellectual property rights.” In
Genes in the field: on farm conservation of crop diversity, 239-260. Boca Raton:
Lewis Publishers Inc., 1999.
Correa, Carlos. “An Innovative and Transparent Option for Royalty Payment under the
Treaty – Implementing Article 6.11 Crop Related Modality of the Standard Material
Transfer Agreement.” In Plant Genetic Resources and Food Security: Stakeholder
Perspectives on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture, edited by Frison, Lopez, and Esquinas-Alcazar. FAO, New York: FAO,
Bioversity international and Eathscan, 2011.
Crespi, R.S. “The European Biotechnology Patent Directive is dead.” (1995) 13 No. 5 Trends
in Biotechnology. 162-164.
Crespi, R.S. “The patenting of genetic resources.” (1990) 40 No. 2 Impact of Science on
Society. 175-184.
Crespi, S. “Biotechnology patenting: the wicked animal must defend itself.” (1995) 17
No. 9 European Intellectual Property Review. 431-441.
Croft, B.J., C.M. Piggin., E.S. Wallis et al. Review of restrictions to free access to
germplasm exchange facing Australian and other international sugar industries.
Sugarcane germplasm conservation and exchange: report of an international
workshop held in Brisbane Australia 28-30 June 1995. Canberra: Australian
Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), 1996. 6-9.
Cromwell, E., A. Brodie and A. Southern. Germplasm for multipurpose trees: access and
utility in small-farm communities. Case studies from Honduras, Malawi & Sri
Lanka. London: Overseas Development Institute (ODI), 1996.
Crookshanks, Rebecca and Phillips. “A comparative analysis of access and benefits-sharing
systems.” In Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge: Case Studies and
Conflicting Interests, edited by Bubela and Gold. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar
Publishing, 2012.
Crucible Group, The. The Impact of Intellectual Property on Biodiversity, Conservation,
Trade and Rural Society. Canada: International Development Research Centre, 1994.
Cubero, Jose. “Plant Breeders: The Point of View of a Plant Breeder on the international
Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.” In Plant Genetic
Resources and Food Security: Stakeholder Perspectives on the International Treaty
on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, edited by Frison, Lopez, and
Esquinas-Alcazar. New York: FAO, Bioversity international and Eathscan, 2011.
Dalton, H., B. Goodwin, M. Ho et al. “Patent threat to research.” (1997) 385 No. 6681
Nature. 672.
Damman, Siri. “The Right to Food of Indigenous Peoples.” In Food and Human Rights in
Development: Legal and Institutional Dimensions and Selected Topics (Vol 1), edited
by Wenche Barth ide and Uwe Kracht. Oxford: Intersentia, 2005.
Dembo, D., C. Dias, W. Morehouse et al. Technology to aid the poor: constraints to
access resulting from privatization - the case of biotechnology. The international
context of rural poverty in the Third World. Issues for research and action by
grassroots organizations and legal activists. New York: Council on International
and Public Affair, 1986. 103-127.
Dhar, B. and C.N. Rao. “Plant breeders and farmers in the new intellectual property regime:
conflict of interests.”
Dhar, B., B. Pandey and S. Chaturvedi. “Farmers’ interests recognized in Indian PBR bill.”
(1995) No. 23 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 18-21.
Downes, D. “New diplomacy for the biodiversity trade: Biodiversity, biotechnology and
intellectual property in the Convention on Biological Diversity.” (1995) 4 Touro J.
Transnational Law. 1-46.
Drayton, Richard. Nature’s Government: Science, Imperial Britain and the ’Improvement’ of
the World. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000.
Duesing, J. “The Convention on Biological Diversity. Its impact on biotechnology research.”
(1992) 3 No. 4 Agro Food Industry Hi Tech. 19-23.
Dutfield, G. “A Critical Analysis of the Debate on Traditional Knowledge, Drug Discovery
and Patent-based Biopiracy.” (2011) 33 No. 4 European Intellectual Property Review.
237-243.
Dutfield, G. Intellectual property rights, trade and biodiversity: seeds and plant
varieties. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd, 2000.
Dutfield, Graham. “Food, Biological Diversity and Intellectual Property: The Role of the
International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV).” (2011) 9
QUNO Intellectual Property Issues Paper. 1-20.
Dutfield, Graham. Intellectual Property Rights and the Life Science Industries: A Twentieth
Century History. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003.
Duvick, D.N. “Goals and expectations of industry for intellectual property rights for plant
materials.” In Intellectual property rights: Protection of plant materials, edited by
P.S. Baenziger, R.A. Kleese and R.F. Barnes, 21-27. Madison: Crop Science
Society of America, 1993.
Duvick, D.N., D.R. Buxton, R. Shibles et al. Possible effects of intellectual property
rights on erosion and conservation of plant genetic resources in centers of crop
diversity. Ames, Iowa: International Crop Science, 1993. 505-509.
Edwards, R. and I. Anderson. “Seeds of wrath.” (1998) 157 No. 2121 New Scientist. 14-15.
Ehrenberg, C. 1975. Gene bank as a supply source. II. [Forest genetics]. (1975) 114 No. 1 K-
Skogs Lantbruksakad Tioskr 114. 41-48.
Eide W. and Kracht. “The Right to Adequate Food in the International Normative
Framework.” In Food and Human Rights in Development: Legal and Institutional
Dimensions and Selected Topics (Vol 1), edited by Eide and Kracht. Oxford:
Intersentia, 2005.
Eide, W. “From Food Security to the Right to Food.” In Food and Human Rights in
Development: Legal and Institutional Dimensions and Selected Topics (Vol 1) edited
by Wenche Barth ide and Uwe Kracht. Oxford: Intersentia, 2005.
Eide, W. and Kracht. Food and Human Rights in Development: Legal and Institutional
Dimensions and Selected Topics (Vol 1). Oxford: Intersentia, 2005.
Elisabetsky, E., L. Costa Campos, D.D. Soejarto et al. 1996. “Medicinal plant genetic
resources and international cooperation: the Brazilian perspective. Intellectual
property rights, naturally derived bioactive compounds and resource conservation.
Proceedings of an international symposium, San Jose, Costa Rica, October 20-22,
1994.” (1996) 51 No 1-3 Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 111-120.
Emmot, S. “The directive rises again.” (1997) 14 No. 1 Seedling 9-16.
Evenson, D.D., V. Santaniello, R.E. Evenson et al. “Patent and other private legal rights
for biotechnology inventions (Intellectual Property Rights-IPR).” In Agriculture
and intellectual property rights: economic, institutional and implementation
issues in biotechnology, 11-25. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2000.
Evenson, R.E., D. Gollin and V. Santaniello. Agricultural values of plant genetic
resources. Wallingford: CAB International, 1998.
Evenson, R.E., V. Santaniello, D. Zilberman et al. Economics of intellectual property
rights for agricultural technology. Agriculture and intellectual property rights:
economic, institutional and implementation issues in biotechnology. Wallinford:
CABI Publishing, 2000. 91-120.
Fejer, S. O. “The Problem of Plant Breeders’ Rights.” (1966) 4 Agricultural Science Review.
1-7.
Fernandez Cornejo, J., M. Caswell and C. Klotz Ingram. “Seeds of change. Choices.”
(1999) No. 4 The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resources Issues. 18-22.
Feyissa, R. “The fate of ex-situ collections prior to the convention and farmers’ rights.
(1994) No. 3 PGRC.E. Germplasm Newsletter. 2-5.
Figg, E.A. “Intellectual property protection for plant research in the USA: a cornucopia of
opportunity.” (1995) 6 No. 2 Current Opinion in Biotechnology.139-141.
Fonte, M., C. Salvioni and D.E. E. “An economic analysis of the biotechnologies applied to
agriculture.” (2000) No. 1 Questione Agraria. 121-159.
Fox, S.V. “Bio-piracy: the story of natural coloured cottons of the Americas.” (1993) RAFI
Communique, November. 1-7.
Frison, Christine, Lopez and Esquinas-Alcazar. “General Conclusions: Summary of
Stakeholders’ Views and Suggestions to Cope with the Challenges in the
implementation of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture.” In Plant Genetic Resources and Food Security: Stakeholder
Perspectives on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture, edited by Frison, Lopez, and Esquinas-Alcazar. New York: FAO,
Bioversity international and Eathscan, 2011.
Frison, Christine, Lopez, and Esquinas-Alcazar. Plant Genetic Resources and Food Security:
Stakeholder Perspectives on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for
Food and Agriculture. New York: FAO, Bioversity international and Eathscan, 2011.
Garcia, R., C. Roersch, D.D. Soejarto et al. “Politics of management and utilization of
plant genetic resources in the Dominican Republic. Intellectual property rights,
naturally derived bioactive compounds and resource conservation. Proceedings of
an international symposium, San Jose, Costa Rica, October 20-22, 1994.” (1996) 51
No. 1-3 Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 147-160.
Gbewonyo, K. “Biodiversity processing.” (1995) 11 No. 3 World Journal of Microbiology
and Biotechnology. 251-252.
Geertman, J. “Intellectual property rights and biotechnology.” (1998) 42 No. 3 Prophyta.
75-76.
Genetic Resource Action International. “Towards our sui generis rights.” (1997) 14 No. 4
Seedling. 2-7.
Genetic Resources Action Intenational. “Genetech preys on the paddy field.” (1998) 15 No. 2
Seedling. 10-20.
Genetic Resources Action International. “European patents step closer.” (1997) 14 No. 3
Seedling. 2-5.
Genetic Resources Action International. “Last chance for an open access regime?” (2000) 17
No. 2 Seedling. 2-8.
Genetic Resources Action International. “Patenting life: progress or piracy?.” (1998) 7 No. 4
Global Biodiversity. 2-6.
Genetic Resources Action International. “The TRIPS review takes off.” (1998) 15 No. 4
Seedling. 20-27.
Genetic Resources Action International. “The year of agricultural biodiversity revisited.”
(1997) 14 No. 1 Seedling. 2-8.
Genetic Resources Action International. “UPOV on the warpath.” (1999) 16 No. 2
Seedling. 2-10.
Genetic Resources Action International. “UPOV: truth and consequences.” (1996) No. 9-10
Biodiversidad: Sustento y Culturas. 29-36.
Genetic Resources Action International. “WIPO’s mission impossible?” (1998) 15 No. 3
Seedling. 2-12.
Ghijsen, H. “Plant variety protection in a developing and demanding world.” (1998) No.
36 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 2-5.
Gill, K.S. “Implications of intellectual property rights for agricultural sector in India.” (1991)
18 No. 2 Crop Improvement. 81-87.
Gill, K.S. “Intellectual property rights - plant breeding perspective.” (1993) 52 No. 4 Journal
of Scientific and Industrial Research. 288-295.
Gill, S.S., R.C. Sharma and R.K. Batta. “Intellectual property rights and plant breeding -
an overview.” (1996) 33 No. 1-4 Journal of Research, Punjab Agricultural
University. 57-79.
Gisselquist, D., D. Wood and J.M. Lenne. 1999. “Regulatory issues.” In
Agrobiodiversity, characterization, utilization and management, 409-423.
Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 1999.
Given, D.R. and W. Harris. Techniques and methods of ethnobotany: as an aid to the
study, evaluation, conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity. London:
Commonwealth Secretariat, 1994.
Glowca, L. A guide to designing legal frameworks to determinate access to genetic
resources. UICN, Gland, Switzerland and Bonn, 1998.
Godden, D. “Plant variety rights: framework for evaluating recent research and continuing
issues.” (1987) 3 No. 3 Journal of Rural Studies. 255-272.
Goldman, K.A. “Compensation for use of biological resources under the Convention on
Biological Diversity: compatibility of conservation measures and competitiveness
of the biotechnology industry.” (1994) 25 No. 2 Law and Policy in International
Business. 695-726.
Goldstein, D.J. “The impact of food production biotechnology ownership on developing
nations.” In Biotechnology and development: expanding the capacity to produce
food, 279-286. Geneva: United Nations Publications, 1992.
Gollin, D., R.E. Evenson and V. Santaniello. “Valuing farmers’ rights.” In Agricultural
values of plant genetic resources, 233-245. UK: CAB International, 1998.
Gollin, M.A. “Legal and practical consequences of biopiracy.” (1999) 15 No. 2 Diversity. 7-
9.
Gollin, M.A., W.V. Reid, S.A. Laird, C.A. Meyer, R. Gamez, A. Sittenfeld, D.H. Janzen
and C. Juma. An intellectual property rights framework for biodiversity
prospecting. Biodiversity prospecting: using genetic resources for sustainable
development. Washington, D.C: World Resources Institute; 1993. 159-197.
Golling, M.A. “An intellectual property rights framework for biodiversity prospecting.” In
Biodiversity prospecting: Using genetic resources for sustainable development,
edited by Walter Reid et al, 159-158. Washington, D.C: WRI, 1993.
Gotsch, N. and P. Rieder. “Biodiversity, biotechnology, and institutions among crops:
situation and outlook.” (1995) 5 No. 1-2 Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 5-40.
Graber, Christoph, Kuprecht and Lai. International Trade in Indigenous Cultural Heritage,
Edward Elgar, 2012.
Graff, G. and D. Zilberman. “Towards an intellectual property clearinghouse for
agricultural biotechnology.” (2001) No. 3 IIP Strategy Today. 1-11.
Graff, G., A. Bennet, B. Wright et al. “Intellectual property clearinghouse mechanisms for
agriculture: summary of an industry, academia, and international development
round table.” (2001) No. 3 IIP Strategy today. 12-30.
Grajal, A. “Biodiversity and the nation state: regulating access to genetic resources limits
biodiversity research in Developing Countries.” (1998) 13 No. 1 Conservation
Biology. 6-10.
Graves, T. “Tribal rights.” In Valuing local knowledge: indigenous knowledge and
intellectual property rigghts, edited by S. Brush and D. Stabinsky, 25-40.
Washington, D.C: Covelo CA, 1996.
Greengrass, B. “Non-U.S. procedures and practices-Implications for U.S. innovators?” In
Intellectual property rights: Protection of plant materials, edited by P.S.
Baenziger., R.A. Kleese and R.F. Barnes, 41-59. Madison: Crop Science Society of
America, 1993.
Grosheide, Willem. Intellectual Property and Human Rights: A Paradox. Cheltenham:
Edward Elgar Publishing, 2010.
Group, C. People, plants and patents. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre,
1994.
Gupta, A.K. “Suggested ethical guidelines for accessing and exploring biodiversity.”
(1997) 84 No. 10 Madras Agricultural Journal. 569-573.
Gupta, A.K., M.S. Swaminathan and S. Jana. “Biodiversity, poverty and intellectual
property rights of Third World peasants: a case for renegotiating global
understanding.” In Biodiversity: implications for global food security, 236-256.
Madras: Macmillan India Limited, 1992.
Gupta, Anil K. (2006), “From Sink to Source: The Honey Bee Network Documents
Indigenous Knowledge and Innovations in India.” (2006) 1 No. 3 Innovations:
Technology, Governance, Globalization. 49-66.
Gupta, P.N. and S. Kochhar. “Biodiversity and the plant genetic resources.” (1996) 23
Special Issue Crop Improvement. 123-130.
Gupta, R.K. and N.R. Subbaram. “International conventions, agreements & treaties for the
protection of intellectual property.” (1996) 1 No. 2 Journal of Intellectual Property
Rights. 67-75.
Gutmann, E. “The evolution of intellectual property rights.” (1989) No. 78 Biofutur. 23-
26.
Hansen, L. and M. Knudson. “Property right protection of reproducible genetic material.”
(1996) 18 No. 3 Review of Agricultural Economics. 403-414.
Hardon, J. “National sovereignty and access to genetic resources.” (1996) No. 27
Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 24.
Haugen, Hans Morten. “The Right to Food, the Right to Benefit from Science and the Trips
Agreement.” In Food and Human Rights in Development: Legal and Institutional
Dimensions and Selected Topics (Vol 1), edited by Eide and Kracht. Oxford:
Intersentia, 2005.
Haugen, Hans, Manuel Ruiz Muller and S. Narasimhan. “Food Security and Intellectual
property Rights: Finding the Linkages.” In Intellectual Property and Human
Development: Current Trends and Future Scenarios, edited by Wong and Dutfield.
New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Hawtin, Geoffry and Cary Fowler. “The Global Crop Diversity Trust: An essential Element
of the Treaty’s Funding Strategy.” In Plant Genetic Resources and Food Security:
Stakeholder Perspectives on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for
Food and Agriculture, edited by Frison, Lopez, and Esquinas-Alcazar. New York:
FAO, Bioversity international and Earthscan, 2011.
Hendricks, F., V. Koester and C. Prip. “Access to genetic resources: A legal
analysis.” In Biodiplomacy - genetic resources and international relations,
edited by V. Sanchez and C. Juma, 159-158. Environmental Policy Series
No. 4. Nairobi, Kenia: African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS),
1994.
Henne, G. and S. Fakir. “NBI-Ball agreement: a new phase in bioprospecting?”
(1999) No. 39 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 18-21.
Hexmitte, M.A. “Intellectual property and plant creation.” (1989) No. 4 Actes et
Communications Economie et Sociologie Rurales, Institut National de la Recherche
Agronomique. 103-109.
Heywood, V., N. Caffini, J. Bernath, L. Craker, A. Jatisatienr and G. Giberti. “Medicinal
and aromatic plants as global resources. Proceedings of the Second World Congress
on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, WOCMAP 2 sustainable use conservation and
ethnobotany, Mendoza, Argentina, 10-15 November, 1997.” (1999) No. 500 Acta
Horticulturae. 21-29.
Heywood, V., N. Caffini, J. Bernath, L. Craker, A. Jatisatienr and G. Giberti. “Medicinal
and aromatic plants as global resources. Proceedings of the Second World Congress
on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, WOCMAP 2 sustainable useconservation and
ethnobotany, Mendoza, Argentina, 10-15 November, 1997.” (1999) No. 500 Acta
Horticulturae. 21-29.
Hoyle, R. “Biotech helps salvage biodiversity treaty.” (1993) 11 No. 8 Bio Technology.
878-879.
Hoyle, R. and J. Rifkin. “Don’t dismiss Rifkin’s damning of gene patents.” (1995) 13 No. 7
Bio Technology. 643-644.
Hoyle, R. and J. Rifkin. “Neem underscores need for U.S. biodiversity role.” (1995) 3 No. 11
Bio Technology. 1164.
Hufler, Cosima and Rene Lefeber. “Our Heritage is Our Future – Humankind’s
Responsibility for Food Security.” In Plant Genetic Resources and Food Security:
Stakeholder Perspectives on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for
Food and Agriculture, edited by Frison, Lopez, and Esquinas-Alcazar. New York:
FAO, Bioversity international and Earthscan, 2011.
In Biotechnology, biosafety, and biodiversity: scientific and ethical issues for
sustainable development, edited by Shantharam, S. and J.F. Montgomery,
177-190. Engfield: Science Publishers Inc., 1999.
India, Gene Campaign. “Plant Variety Act: the government’s new seed law.” (1996) 83 No. 7
Madras Agricultural Journal. 426-429.
Information. 631-636.
International Development Research Centre. “Different countries, different needs. IRDC’s
view of plant breeders’ rights.” (1987) 16 No. 12 DRC Reports. 24-25.
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute. Key questions for decision-makers.
Protection of plant varieties under the WTO agreement on Trade-related Aspects of
Intellectual Property Rights. Rome: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute
(IPGRI), 1999. 23.
IPGRI. “Access to plant genetic resources and the equitable sharing of benefits - a
contribution to the debate on systems for the exchange of germplasm.” Issues in
Genetic Resources No. 4, June 1996. Italy: International Plant Genetic Resources
Institute, 1996.
Iwu, M.M. “Implementing the Biodiversity Treaty: how to make international co-operative
agreements work.” (1996) 14 No. 3 Trends in Biotechnology. 78-83.
Iwu, M.M., D.D. Soejarto, L. Rivier et al. “Biodiversity prospecting in Nigeria: seeking
equity and reciprocity in intellectual property rights through partnership
arrangements and capacity building.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3 Intellectual property
rights, naturally derived bioactive compounds and resource conservation. 209-219.
Jackson, M. and R. Huggan. “Sharing the diversity of rice to feed the world.” (1993) 9 No. 3
Diversity. 22-25.
Jackson, M.T. “Protecting the heritage of rice biodiversity.” (1995) 35 No. 3 GeoJournal.
267-274.
Jaffe, W. and M. Rojas. “Attempt to implement the Biodiversity Convention in the Andean
region.” (1994) No. 2 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 15.
Jaffe, W. and M. Rojas. “Attempt to implement the Biodiversity Convention in the Andean
region.” (1994) No. 215 Biotechnology and Development Monitor.
Jaffee, S. and J. van Wijk. The impact of plant breeders rigths in developing countries.
Debate and experience in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay.
Holand: IICA, University of Amsterdam, 1995.
Jain, H.K. “GATT proposals and India’s seed policy.” (1992) 10 No. 2 Seed Research. 65-69.
Jain, H.K. “The GATT proposals on agriculture: scientific implications.” (1994) 44 No. 1
Indian Farming. 3-6.
Jain, S.K. “Shyam Bahadur Saksena Memorial Medal Lecture (1996): cultural dimensions of
biodiversity. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy.” (1997) 63 No. 6
Part B, Reviews and Tracts Biological Sciences. 449-466.
Janssen, J. “Property rights on genetic resources: economic issues.” (1999) 9 No. 4 Global
Environmental Change. 313-321.
Jato, J.G., J.E. Simon, P. Symonds et al. “Rules and regulations on the collection in
Cameroon of biological materials for biological testing and drug discovery.”
(1996) 51 No. 1-3 Intellectual property rights, naturally derived bioactive
compounds and resource conservation. 121-125.
Johns, Adrian. Piracy: The Intellectual Property Wars from Guttenberg to Gates. Chicago:
Chicago University Press, 2009.
Joly, P.B. and C. Ducos. 1993. Making of life forms: innovation strategies in the seed
industry. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France (PUF), 1993.
Kamau, Evanson C. and Gerd Winter. Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and the
Law: Solutions for Access and Benefit Sharing. New York: Eathscan Publications,
2009.
Kameri-Mbote, Patricia and Jame Otieno-Odek. “Genetic use restriction technologies and
sustainable development in eastern and southern Africa.” In Intellectual Property and
Sustainable Development: Development Agendas in a Changing World, edited by
Melendez-Ortiz and Roffe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009.
Kariyawasam, Kanchana. “Access to Biological Resources and Benefit Sharing: Exploring a
Regional Mechanism to Implement the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in
SAARC Countries.” (2007) European Intellectual Property Review (EIPR) (Sweet
and Maxwell Ltd). 325-335.
Kariyawasam, Kanchana. “How Sri Lanka Protects Breeders' and Farmers' Rights and Access
to Genetic Resources through the Implementation of TRIPS and the CBD.”
(2003/2004) 6 No. 2 Bio-Science Law Review. 61-68.
Kariyawasam, Kanchana. “Protecting Biodiversity, Traditional Knowledge and Intellectual
Property in the Pacific: Issues and Challenges.” (2008) 16 No. 1 Asia Pacific Law
Review. 73-89.
Kariyawasam, Kanchana. “The Recent Law Reforms and Plant Intellectual Property Law in
Sri Lanka: Compliance with the TRIPS and CBD.” (2005) 7 No. 2 Australian Journal
of Asian Law. 169-186.
Kate, K. and S.A. Laird. The commercial use of biodiversity: access to genetic resources and
benefit-sharing. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd, 1999. 398.
Kaul, J., R.K. Kohli, K.S. Arya et al. Trade in biodiversity convention. Proceedings, IUFRO-
DNAES international meeting: resource inventory techniques to support agroforestry
and environment, October 1-3, 1996. Chandigarh, India: DAV College, 1996. 320-
322.
Kevles, Daniel J. “Genes, Diseases, and Patents: Cash and Community in Biomedicine.” In
Biomedicine in the Twentieth Century: Practices, Policies, and Politics, edited by C.
Hannaway, 203-215. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2008.
Kevles, Daniel J. “Patents, Protections, and Privileges: The Establishment of Intellectual
Property in Animals and Plants.” (2007) 98 Isis. 323-331.
Kevles, Daniel J. “Principles, Property Rights and Profits: Historical Reflections on
University/Industry Tensions.” (2011) 8 Accountability in Research. 293-307.
Kevles, Daniel J. “Protections, Privileges, and Patents: Intellectual Property in American
Horticulture the Late Nineteenth Century to 1930.” (2008) 152 Proceedings of the
American Philosophical Society. 207-217.
Kevles, Daniel J. and Glenn E. Bugos. “Plants as Intellectual Property: American Practice,
Law, and Policy in World Context.” (1992) 7 Osiris. 75-104.
Khor, Martin. Intellectual property, Biodiversity and Sustainable Development. Penang,
Malaysia: Third World Network, 2005.
King, S.R., T.J. Carlson, K. Moran et al. “Biological diversity, indigenous knowledge, drug
discovery and intellectual property rights: creating reciprocity and maintaining
relationships. Intellectual property rights, naturally derived bioactive compounds and
resource conservation. Proceedings of an international symposium, San Jose, Costa
Rica, October 20-22, 1994.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3 Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 45-
57.
Kjeldgaard, R.H. and D.R. Marsh. “Intellectual property rights for plants.” (1994) 6 No. 11
The Plant Cell. 1524-1528.
Kloppenburg, Jack R. Jnr. First the Seed: The Political Economy of Plant Biotechnology.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
Knudson, M., G. Frisvold and B. Kuhn. Agricultural diversity: do we have the resources to
meet future needs? Global environmental change and agriculture: assessing the
impacts. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 1998. 43-86.
Kocken, J. and G. Van Roozendaal. “The neem tree debate.” (1997) No. 30 Biotechnology
and Development Monitor, 8-11.
Kollek, R. “Ambiguous genes.” (1995) No. 23 Biotechnology and Development Monitor.
24.
Komen, J. “CGIAR statement on genetic resources and intellectual property.” (1992) No. 11
Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 20.
Komen, J. “CGIAR statement on genetic resources and intellectual property.” (1992) No. 11
Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 20.
Kothari, B. “Rights to the benefits of research: compensating indigenous peoples for
their intellectual contribution.” (1997) 56 No. 2 Human Organization. 127-137.
Lacy, W.B. “The global plant genetic resources system: a competition-cooperation paradox.”
(1995) 35 No. 2 Crop Science. 335-345.
Laird, Sarah. Biodiversity And Traditional Knowledge: Equitable Partnerships in Practice.
New York: Earthscan Publications, 2002.
Lanteri, S., L. Quagliotti, J.C. Glaszmann, B. Clerget and J. Schwendiman. “Problems
related to seed production in the African region.” (1997) 96 No. 1 Euphytica. 173-
183. Special issue.
Lawson, Charles. “Accessing and Benefit Sharing Avian Influenza Viruses Through the
World Health Organisation: A CBD and TRIPS Compromise Thanks to Indonesia's
Sovereignty Claim?” In Incentives for Global Public Health: Patent Law and Access
to Essential Medicines, edited by T. Pogge, M. Rimmer and K. Rubenstein, 284-312.
Cambridge University Press, 2010. (with B A Hocking)
Lawson, Charles. “Biodiversity Conservation Access and Benefit-sharing Contracts and the
Role and Place of Patents.” (2011) 33 No. 3 European Intellectual Property Review.
135-145
Lawson, Charles. “Compulsory Licensing under the Patents Act 1990 (Cth) to Remedy Anti-
competitive Conduct under the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth).” (2008) 36 No. 5
Australian Business Law Review. 369-383.
Lawson, Charles. “Exploiting Genetic Resources in Queensland under the Biodiscovery Act
2004 (Qld): Patents and Biological Diversity Conservation, Destruction and Decline.”
(2006) 28 No. 8 European Intellectual Property Review. 418-428.
Lawson, Charles. “Implementing an Objective of the Convention on Biological Diversity:
Intellectual Property, Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit Sharing in Australia.”
(2005) 22 No. 2 Environmental and Planning Law Journal. 130-157.
Lawson, Charles. “Intellectual Property and the Material Transfer Agreement under the
International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.” (2009) 31
No. 5 European Intellectual Property Review. 244-254.
Lawson, Charles. “It's Patently Absurd - Benefit Sharing Genetic Resources from the Seas
According to UNCLOS, the CBD and TRIPs.” (2002) 5 International Journal of
Wildlife Law and Policy. 211-233. (with S. Downing)
Lawson, Charles. “Patent Laws will Undermine Access Provisions in the Environment
Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Bill 1998” (1998) 15 Environmental and
Planning Law Journal. 401-409. (with C. Pickering)
Lawson, Charles. “Patenting Genetic Diversity - Old Rules may be Restricting the
Exploitation of a New Technology” (1999) 6 Journal of Law and Medicine. 373-388.
Lawson, Charles. “Patents and Access and Benefit-sharing Contracts: Conservation or Just
More Red Tape?” (2011) 30 No. 2 Biotechnology Law Report. 197-206.
Lawson, Charles. “Patents and Plant Breeder's Rights Over Plant Genetic Resources for Food
and Agriculture.” (2004) 32 No. 1 Federal Law Review. 107-139.
Lawson, Charles. “Patents and the CGIAR System of International Agricultural Research
Centres’ Germplasm Collections Under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture.” (2004) 55 Australian Journal of Agricultural
Research. 307-313.
Lawson, Charles. “Protecting Genetic Materials and Genetic Information - A Case Study of
Guthrie Cards in Victoria.” (2001) 9 Journal of Law and Medicine. 215-232. (with R.
Smith)
Lawson, Charles. “Public Interest Compulsory Licensing under the Patents Act 1990 (Cth): A
Real Incentive or a Barrier to Working?” (2008) 19 No. 3 Australian Intellectual
Property Journal. 129-147.
Lawson, Charles. “Regulating Access to Biological Resources: The Market Failure for
Biodiversity Conservation.” (2006) 24 No. 1 Law in Context. 137-163.
Lawson, Charles. “Successfully Controlling Access under the Environment Protection and
Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and its Regulations Requires a Proper
Assessment of the Impact of the Patents Act 1990.” (2002) 13 Australian Intellectual
Property Journal. 109-120. (with C. Pickering)
Lawson, Charles. “The Conflict for Patented Genetic Materials under the Convention on
Biological Diversity and the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights.” (2001) 12 Australian Intellectual Property Journal. 104-115. (with
C. Pickering)
Lawson, Charles. “The Evolution of the CBD’s Development Agenda that may Influence the
Interpretation and Development of TRIPS.” In Interpreting and Implementing the
WTO Trade Related Agreement on Intellectual Property Rights: Is TRIPS Fair?
Edited by Justin Malbon and Charles Lawson, 131-158. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar,
2008. (with J Sanderson).
Lawson, Charles. “The Role of Patents in Biodiversity Conservation.” (2009) 27 No. 11
Nature Biotechnology. 994-995.
Lawson, Charles. “Who Shall Live When Not All Can Live? Intellectual Property in
Accessing and Benefit-sharing Influenza Viruses through the World Health
Organisation.” (2011) 19 No. 1 Journal of Law and Medicine. 1-24.
Lawson, Charles. “WIPO, Genetic Resources and TK: The evolution of a formal Intellectual
agreement protecting TK associated with genetic resources.” In Genetic Resources
and Traditional Knowledge: Case Studies and Conflicting Interests, edited by Bubela
and Gold. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2012.
Lawson, Charles. Regulating Genetic Resources: Access and Benefit Sharing in International
Law. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2012.
Leskien, D. “The European Patent Directive on biotechnology.” (1998) No. 36 Biotechnology
and Development Monitor. 16-19.
Leskien, D. and M. Flitner. “Farmer’s rights now.” (1996) 3 No. 1 Agriculture and Rural
Development. 20-23.
Leskien, D. and M. Flitner. Intellectual property rights and plant genetic resources:
options for a sui generis system. Issues in Genetic Resources No. 6. Rome:
International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), 1997. 77.
Lesser, W. “An economic approach to identifying an ‘Effective sui generis System’ for
plant variety protection under TRIPs.” (2000) 16 No. 1 Agribusiness-New-York.
96-114.
Lesser, W. “Assessing the implications of intellectual property rights on plant and animal
agriculture.” (1997) 79 No. 5 American journal of agricultural economics. 1584-
1594.
Lesser, W. Institutional mechanisms supporting trade in genetic materials: issues under the
Biodiversity Convention and GATT/TRIPs. Chatelaine: United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP), 1994.
Lesser, W. Patent protection in developing countries: the state of the debate. (1991) 3 No. 4
AgBiotech News and
Lesser, W., J.P. Berland and R. Lewontin. “Plant breeders’ rights and monopoly myths.”
(1987) 330 No. 6145 Nature. 215.
Lesser, W., V. Santaniello, R.E. Evenson et al. “Intellectual property rights under the
convention on biological diversity.” In Agriculture and intellectual property
rights: economic, institutional and implementation issues in biotechnology, 35-51.
Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2000.
Lesser, W.H. “Attributes of an intellectual property rights systems for landraces.” In
Biodiversity: Politics and law in the light of sustainable development, edited by R.
Salazar., J.A. Cabrera Medaglia and A. Lopez Mora, 247-279. San Jose: AMBIO,
1994.
Lesser, W.H. and A.F. Krattiger. “The complexities of negotiating terms for germplasm
collection.” (1994) 10 No. 3 Diversity. 6-10.
Lewis, W.H. and M.P.E. Lewis. “Medicinal plants as sources of new therapeutics.”
(1995) 82 No. 1 Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 16-24.
Lewontin, R.C. and M. De Miranda Santos. “Current trends in intellectual property rights
protection pose serious threats to future innovations in agricultural sector.” (1997)
13 No. 2 Diversity. 25-27.
Lianchamroon, W. “Community rights and farmers’ rights in Thailand.: (1998) No.
36 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 9-11.
Long, C.L. and J.R. Wang. “On social and cultural values of ethnobotany.” (1994) 3
No. 2 Journal of Plant Resources and Environment. 45-50.
Lopez Herrera, A. “Farmers’ rights of ornamental plant producers.” (1995) 1 No. 3 Revista
Chapingo. Serie Horticultura. 127-134.
Louwaars, N., J. Engels, C. Almekinders and W.d. Boef. “Intellectual property rights:
patents or sui generis systems?” In Encouraging diversity: the conservation and
development of plant genetic resources, 279-284. London: Intermediate
Technology Publications, 2000.
Louwaars, N.P. “Sui generis rights: from opposing to complementary approaches.”
(1998) No. 36 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 13-16.
Macilwain, C., E. Masood, K.S. Jayaraman et al. “When rhetoric hits reality in debate on
bioprospecting.” (1998) 392 No. 6676 Nature. 535-540.
Madhav, G. and M. Gadgil. “A framework for managing India’s biodiversity resources in
the context of CBD and GATT.” (1997) 1 No. 1 RIS Biotechnology and
Development Review. 1-14.
Madison: North Central Regional Research Publishing, 1985.
Madulid, D.A., D.D. Soejarto, L. Rivier et al. “Guidelines and policies on collection of
biological specimens in the Philippines.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3 Intellectual property
rights, naturally derived bioactive compounds and resource conservation. 205-208.
Mahunnah, R.L.A., K.E. Mshigeni, D.D. Soejarto et al. “Tanzania’s policy on biodiversity
prospecting and drug discovery programs.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3 Intellectual property
rights, naturally derived bioactive compounds and resource conservation. 221-228.
Mai Van, T., K. Tran Cong, D.D. Soejarto et al. “Rules and regulations of the Government
of Vietnam on collection and exportation of biological materials.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3
Intellectual property rights, naturally derived bioactive compounds and resource
conservation. 173-176.
Manrique, G.A. and F. Martinez Gomez. “The dispute over the control of plant genetic
resources: non- government organizations and political recommendations.” (1996)
No. 79 Agricultura y Sociedad.153-179.
Marden E & Godfrey R Nelson. “Intellectual Property and Sharing Regimes in Agricultural
Genomics: Finding the Right Balance for Innovation.” (2012)17 No. 2 Drake Journal
of Agricultural Law. 369-393.
Maredia, K.M., F.H. Erbisch and M.J. Sampaio. “Technology transfer offices for developing
countries.” (2000) No. 43 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 15-18.
Mays, T.D., K.D. Mazan, D.D. Soejarto et al. “Legal issues in sharing the benefits of
biodiversity prospecting.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3 Intellectual property rights, naturally
derived bioactive compounds and resource conservation. 93-109.
McDougall, C.L. Intellectual property rights and the Biodiversity Convention: the impact
of GATT. London: Friends of the Earth, 1995.
McManis, Charles and Teran. “Trends and Scenarios in the legal protection of traditional
knowledge.” In Intellectual Property and Human Development: Current Trends and
Future Scenarios, Wong and Dutfield. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
McNally, R. and P. Wheale. “Biopatenting and biodiversity. Comparative advantages in the
new global order.” (1996) 26 No. 5 Ecologist. 222-228.
Mehrotra, B.N., D.D. Soejarto, L. Rivier, C. Gyllenhaal and N.R. Farnsworth. “Collection
of biological materials in biodiversity prospecting in India: problems and solutions.”
(1996) 51 No. 1-3 Intellectual property rights, naturally derived bioactive
compounds and resource conservation. 161-165.
Melendez-Ortiz, Ricardo and Roffe. Intellectual Property and Sustainable Development:
Development Agendas in a Changing World. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing,
2009.
Ming, L. and L.C. Ming. “Recognition of the role of traditional populations in breeding
and conservation of plant species.” (1997) 15 Supp Horticultura Brasileira. 145-
148.
Miranda Santos, M. De and R.C. Lewontin. “Genetics, plant breeding and patents:
conceptual contradictions and practical problems in protecting biological
innovations.” (1997) No. 112 Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter.1-8.
Mishra, Jai Prakash. “Intellectual Property Rights and Food Security: The Efficacy of
International Initiatives.” (2001) No. 4 The Journal of World Intellectual Property. 5-
25.
Mkamanga, G.Y., B. Chirwa and P.H. Mnyenyembe. “The role of the SADC Plant
Genetic Resources Centre in the next millennium. Proceedings of the Nordic Gene
Bank jubilee symposium, Alnarp, Sweden, 9 September 1999.” (1999) 109 No. 4
Sveriges Utsadesforenings Tidskrift. 214-219.
Mooney, P. “International agricultural research and intellectual property rights.” (1993) 2 No.
1 Pesticide Monitor. 4-7.
Mooney, P. “International Non-governmental Organisations: the Hundred Year (or so) Seed
War – Seeds, Sovereignty and Civil Society – A Historical Perspective on the
Evolution of ‘The Law of the Seed’.” In Plant Genetic Resources and Food Security:
Stakeholder Perspectives on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for
Food and Agriculture, edited by Frison, Lopez, and Esquinas-Alcazar. New York:
FAO, Bioversity international and Eathscan, 2011.
Moore, Gerald and Emile Frison. “International Research Centres: The Consultative Group
on International Agricultural Research and the International Treaty.” In Plant Genetic
Resources and Food Security: Stakeholder Perspectives on the International Treaty
on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, edited by Frison, Lopez, and
Esquinas-Alcazar. New York: FAO, Bioversity international and Eathscan, 2011.
Moran, K. “Compensating forest-dwelling communities for drug discovery: the work of
the Healing Forest Conservancy. Special issue: forest-dependent people.” (1996)
47 No. 186 Unasylva. 40-46.
Moran, K. “Returning benefits from drug discovery to native communities.” (1996) 14 No. 1
Renewable Resources Journal. 11-16.
Morrow, J.D. “Intellectual property protection for new plant varieties.” In Biotechnology
research and applications, edited by Gavora, J., D.F. Gerson, J. Luong, A. Storer
and J.H. Woodley, 252-262. Barking: Elsevier Applied Science, 1988.
Moss, H. “The application of intellectual property protection to biodiversity and
agriculture in South Africa: consequences, concerns and opportunities.” (1996)
No. 36 Working Paper Land and Agriculture Policy Centre. 86.
Mugabe, J. and E. Ouko. “Control over genetic resources.” (1994) No. 21 Biotechnology and
Development Monitor. 6-7.
Mugabe, J., C.V. Barber, G. Henne et al. “Managing access to genetic resources: towards
strategies for benefit- sharing.” (1996) No. 17 Biopolicy International Series.
Muzio, G. “Brazil: Collective intellectual rights and control of access to biological
resources.” In Intellectual property rights, collective rights, biodiversity, 1-6.
Ocassional papers No.1, Paper 6. Addis Ababa: Institute for sustainable
development, 1996.
National Research Council. Managing global genetic resources: agricultural crop issues
and policies. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1993.
Nijar, G.S. “Community intellectual rights protect indigenous knowledge.” (1998) No. 36
Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 11-12.
Nijar, G.S., C.Y. Ling and A.F. Krattiger. “The implications of the intellectual property rights
regime of the Convention on Biological Diversity and GATT on biodiversity
conservation: a Third World perspective.” In Widening perspectives on biodiversity,
edited by McNeely, J.A., W.H. Lesser, K.R. Miller et al, 277-286. Gland:
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), 1994.
Nnadozie, Kent. “Old wine in new skin: Traditional knowledge and customary law under the
evolving normative environment in Kenya.” In Genetic Resources and Traditional
Knowledge: Case Studies and Conflicting Interests, edited by Bubela and Gold.
Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2012.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Intellectual property,
technology transfer and genetic resources: an OECD survey of current practices
and policies. Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD), 1996.
Ostrom, Elinor, Joanna Burger, Christopher B. Field, Richard B. Norgaard, and David
Policansky. “Revisiting the Commons: Local Lessons, Global Challenges.” (1999)
284 Science. 278-282.
Ozgediz, S. The CGIAR at 40: Institutional Evolution of the World’s Premier Agricultural
Research Network. Washington: CGIAR, 2011.
Palmer, T.P. “Access to international plant and animal gene sources.” (1984) 18 No. 1 New
Zealand Agricultural Science. 2-6.
Paull, H., S.J. Bennett and P.S. Cocks. “From free access to fair trade: political dimensions
of collecting in situ plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA).
Genetic resources of Mediterranean pasture and forage legumes. Proceedings of an
international workshop held at York, Western Australia, Australia, 14-18 October
1996.” (1998) No. 33 Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture. 171-
181.
Pearson, D. and S. Shaw. “Armchair biodiversity.” (1992) 360 No. 6402 Nature. 291.
Pelegrina, Wilhelmina R. and Salazar. “Farmers’ Communities: A reflection on the Treaty
from Small Farmers’ Perspectives.” In Plant Genetic Resources and Food Security:
Stakeholder Perspectives on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for
Food and Agriculture, edited by Frison, Lopez, and Esquinas-Alcazar. New York:
FAO, Bioversity international and Eathscan, 2011.
Perrier, J.J. “A second green revolution draws closer.” (1997) No. 169 Biofutur. 13-26.
Perrin, R.K. and J.R. Anderson. “Intellectual property rights in agricultural development.”
In Agricultural technology: policy issues for the international community, 499-516.
Wallingford: CAB International, 1994.
Phillips, P.W.B., V. Santaniello, R.E. Evenson et al. “Intellectual property rights, Canola
and public research in Canada.” In Agriculture and intellectual property rights:
economic, institutional and implementation issues in biotechnology, 223-248.
Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2000.
Pistorius, R. “Was the US’ refusal to sign the Biodiversity Convention necessary?”
(1992) No. 12 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 8-9.
Pistorius, R. and J. van Wijk. The exploitation of plant genetic information: political
strategies in crop development. Wallingford: CABI Publishing; 1999.
Biotechnology in Agriculture Series, No. 22.
Pistorius, R. Scientists, plants and politics: a history of the plant genetic resources
movement. Rome: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), 1997.
Pistorius, R.and J. van Wijk. “The third agro-food order (1980s-) crop development
conglomerates feeding the eight billion.” In The exploitation of plant genetic
information: political strategies in crop development, 105-155. Wallingford:
CABI Publishing; 1999.
Pogge, Thomas; Matthew Rimmer and Kim Rubenstein. Incentives for Global Public Health:
Patent Law and Access to Medicines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010,
http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521116565
Porter, G. “The United States and the Biodiversity Convention: the case for
participation.” (1992) No. 1 EESI Papers on Environment and Development.
Posey, D.A. “Protecting indigenous peoples’ rights to biodiversity: people, property, and
bioprospecting.” (1996) 38 No. 8 Environment Washington. 6-9, 37-45.
Powledge, F. “Who owns rice and beans?” (1995) 45 No. 7 BioScience. 440-444.
Prakash, S., S. Shantharam and J.F. Montgomery. “The IPR debate for India.” In
Biotechnology, biosafety, and biodiversity: scientific and ethical issues for
sustainable development, 225-226. 1999.
Pray, C.E. and M. Knudson. “Impact of intellectual property rights on genetic diversity: the
case of US wheat.” (1994) 12 No. 1 Contemporary Economic Policy. 102-112.
Pray, C.E., R.E. Evenson, D. Gollin and V. Santaniello. “Impact of biotechnology on the
demand for rice biodiversity.” In Agricultural values of plant genetic resources,
249-259. Wallingford: CAB International, 1998.
Price, S.C., R.P. Adams and J.E. Adams. “The economic impact of novel genes in plant
biotechnology: not without strong intellectual property rights.” In Conservation of
plant genes: DNA banking and in vitro biotechnology, 45-67. Kwe: Royal Botanic
Gardens, 1992.
Qaim, M. and D. Virchow. “The role of biotechnology for global food security.” Special
issue: Humankind nature technology, (2000) 49 No. 9-10 Agrarwirtschaft. 348-356.
Rae, Isabella, Thomas and Vidar. “History and Implications for FAO of the Guidelines on the
Right to Adequate Food.” In Food and Human Rights in Development: Evolving
Issues and Emerging Applications (Vol 2), edited by Eide and Kracht. Oxford:
Intersentia, 2007.
Rai, Arti Kaur. “Regulating Scientific Research: Intellectual Property Rights and the Norms
of Science.” (1999) 94 Northwestern University Law Review 94. 77-152.
Rai, M. “Intellectual property rights in plants - status, issues and strategies.” (1996) 23 Crop
Improvement. 76-98. Special issue.
Raman, K.V., M. Rojas, G. Persley et al. Plant biotechnology and plant genetic resources
for sustainability and productivity. San Diego: Academic Press, 1997.
Rana, R.S. “Access to genetic resources and equitable benefit sharing: the Indian
experience.” (1998) 1 No. 2 RIS Biotechnology and Development Review. 1-10.
Rana, R.S. “Five years since Rio: major issues emerging from CBD.” (1997) 1 No. 1 RIS
Biotechnology and Development Review. 42-56.
Randimbivololona, F., D.D. Soejarto, L. Rivier et al. “Research, valorization and exploitation
of biological resources for medicinal purposes in the Malagasy Republic
(Madagascar). Intellectual property rights, naturally derived bioactive compounds and
resource conservation. Proceedings of an international symposium, San Jose, Costa
Rica, October 20-22, 1994.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3 Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 195-
200.
Rangnekar, Dwijen. “Indications of geographical origin in Asia: legal and policy issues to
resolve.” In Intellectual Property and Sustainable Development: Development
Agendas in a Changing World, edited by Melendez-Ortiz and Roffe. Cheltenham:
Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009.
Rangnekar, Dwijen. “Tripping in Front of UPOV: Plant Variety Protection in India.” (1998)
48 Social Action. 432-451
Rappert, B. “The US extension of plant variety protection: a critical evaluation.” (1995) 22
No. 2 Science and Public Policy. 95-105.
Ravishankar, A. and S. Archak. “Conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic
resources in India: a review of policy issues and perspectives.” (1999) 28 No. 2
Outlook on Agriculture. 83-91.
Reichman, R.H. “The TRIPS component of the GATT’s Uruguay round: Competitvie
prospect for intellectual property owners in an integrated world market.” (1993)
Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal. 171-194.
Reid, W.V., C.V. Barber and A. La Vina. “Translating genetic resources rights into
sustainable development: gene cooperatives, the biotrade and lessons from the
Philippines.” (1995) No. 102 Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter. 1-17.
Reid, W.V., D.D. Soejarto, L. Rivier et al. “Gene co-ops and the biotrade: translating
genetic resource rights into sustainable development.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3
Intellectual property rights, naturally derived bioactive compounds and resource
conservation. 75-92.
Reid, W.V., S.A. Laird, C.A. Meyer et al. Biodiversity prospecting: using genetic
resources for sustainable development. Washington: World Resources Institute,
1993. 341.
Rens, A, Prabhala and Kawooya. “Education and access to knowledge in southern Africa.” In
Intellectual Property and Sustainable Development: Development Agendas in a
Changing World, edited by Melendez-Ortiz and Roffe. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar
Publishing, 2009.
Rimmer, Matthew. “Blame It On Rio: Biodiscovery, Native Title, And Traditional
Knowledge.” (2003) 7 The Southern Cross University Law Revie.1-49,
SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=603229
Rimmer, Matthew. “Blame it on Rio: Biodiscovery, Native Title, and Traditional
Knowledge.” (2003) 7 Southern Cross University Law Review. 1-49.
Rimmer, Matthew. “Farmers' Rights: Patents Blowing In The Wind.” Ground Cover, June
2004, Issue 50, http://www.grdc.com.au/growers/gc/gc50/feature3.htm
Rimmer, Matthew. “Seeds of Hope: Gene Patents and Farmers' Rights.” Issues, June 2004,
Vol. 67, http://issues.control.com.au/issues2004/rim67.shtml
Rimmer, Matthew. “The Doomsday Vault: Seed Banks, Food Security, and Climate
Change.” In Intellectual Property and Emerging Technologies: The New Biology,
edited by Matthew Rimmer and Alison McLennan. Cheltenham (UK) and
Northampton (Mass.): Edward Elgar, 2012. 361-391. http://www.e-
elgar.co.uk/bookentry_main.lasso?id=14000.
Rimmer, Matthew. “The Doomsday Vault: Seed Banks, Food Security, and Climate
Change.” In Intellectual Property and Emerging Technologies: The New Biology,
edited by Matthew Rimmer and Alison McLennan. Cheltenham (UK) and
Northampton (Mass.): Edward Elgar, 2012. 361-391. http://www.e-
elgar.co.uk/bookentry_main.lasso?id=14000
Rimmer, Matthew. “The Sorcerer II Expedition: Intellectual Property and Biodiscovery.”
(2009) 6 Macquarie Journal of International and Comparative Environmental Law.
147-189, SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1319184 and
BePress Selected Works: http://works.bepress.com/matthew_rimmer/64/
Robertson, J. and D. Calhoun. “Treaty on biological diversity: ownership issues and access
to genetic materials in New Zealand.” (1995) 17 No. 5 European Intellectual
Property Review. 219-224.
Robinson, Daniel. “Sui generis systems for plant variety protection and traditional knowledge
in Asia.” In Intellectual Property and Sustainable Development: Development
Agendas in a Changing World, edited by Melendez-Ortiz and Roffe. Cheltenham:
Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009.
Roht Arriaza, N. “Of seeds and shamans: the appropriation of the scientific and technical
knowledge of indigenous and local communities.” (1996) 17 No. 4 Michigan
Journal of International Law. 919-965.
Ruiz, J.J., M. Holtmann, F. Nuez et al. “International trends in plant patents and plant
breeder’s rights. Proceedings of the XXV International Horticultural Congress
international trade and marketing international cooperative programs, relations
between research, development, extension and education, Brussels, Belgium, 2-
7August, 1998.” (2000) No. 524 Acta Horticulturae. 49-55.
Runge, C. Ford and Edi DeFrancesco. “Exclusion, Inclusion, and Enclosure: Historical
Commons and Modern Intellectual Property.” (2006) 34 No. 10 World Development.
1713–1727.
Rural Advancement Foundation International. “Biopiracy update: US patents claim
exclusive monopoly control of food crop, medicinal plants, soil microbes and
traditional knowledge from the South.” (1996) RAFI-Communique. 1996, December.
Rural Advancement Foundation International. “Seed industry consolidation: who owns
whom?” (1998) RAFI Communique July-August.
Rural Advancement Foundation International. “Sixty-five years of the US Plant
Patent Act (PPA).” (1995) RAFI-Communique. Nov-Dec.
Rural Advancement Foundation International. “The Australian PBR scandal.” (1998) RAFI
Communique Jan-Feb.
Rural Advancement Foundation International. “The chickpea scandal: Trust or
consequences?” (1998) 15 No. 1 Seedling. 21-26.
Rural Advancement Fund International. “Bioprospecting/biopiracy and indigenous
peoples.” (1994) RAFI Communique, November. 1-12.
Sachin, C. and S. Chaturvedi. “Biodiversity and biotechnology: the challenges before
GEF.” (1998) 1 No. 2 RIS Biotechnology and Development Review. 11-20.
Sadie, J., S. Andrews, A.C. Leslie et al. “Cultivar registration for statutory and non-
statutory purposes in South Africa.” In Proceedings of the Third International
Symposium on the Taxonomy of Cultivated Plants, Edinburgh, UK, 20-26 July
1998, 101-106. Richmond: Royal Botanic Gardens (KRBG), 1999.
Sahai, S., T. Partap and B. Sthapit. Incorporating the intellectual property rights of
mountain farmers over native crop resources in the agenda for management of
mountain agrobiodiversity. Managing agrobiodiversity: farmers’ changing
perspectives and institutional responses in the HKH Region. Kathmandu:
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 1998. 415-
421.
Salazar, R., J.A. Cabrera, D.D. Soejarto et al. “Intellectual property legislation in Costa
Rica in light of the Biodiversity Convention. Intellectual property rights naturally
derived bioactive compounds and resource conservation. Proceedings of an
international symposium, San Jose, Costa Rica, October 20-22, 1994.” (1996) 51
No. 1-3 Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 177-193.
Sampath, Padmashree. Regulating Bioprospecting: Institutions for Drug Research, Access
and Benefit-Sharing. New York: United Nations University Press, 2005.
Sanderson, Jay. “The Evolution of the CBD’s Development Agenda that may Influence the
Interpretation and Development of TRIPS.” In Interpreting and Implementing the
TRIPS Agreement: Is it Fair?, edited by Justin Malbon and Charles Lawson, 131-158.
Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2008. (with Charles Lawson)
Santaniello, V., R.E. Evenson, D. Zilberman et al. “Intellectual property rights of plant
varieties and of biotechnology in the European Union.” In Agriculture and
intellectual property rights: economic, institutional and implementation issues in
biotechnology, 27-33. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2000.
Santaniello, V., R.E. Evenson, D. Zilberman et al. Agriculture and intellectual
property rights: economic, institutional and implementation issues in
biotechnology. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2000.
Santilli, Juliana. Agrobiodiversity and the Law: Regulating Genetic Resources, Food Security
and Cultural Diversity. New York: Earthscan Publications, 2012.
Sasson, A. “Biotechnologies and the use of plant genetic resources for industrial purposes:
benefits and constraints for developing countries.” (1995) No. 4 Biotechnology
and Development Review. 1-14.
Sasson, A., F.d. Castri and T. Younes. “Biotechnologies and the use of plant genetic
resources for industrial purposes: benefits and constraints for developing countries.”
In Biodiversity, science and development: towards a new partnership, 469-487.
Wallingford: CAB International, 1996.
Schiebinger, L. and Claudia Swan. Colonial Botany: Science, Commerce, and Politics,
University of Pennsylvania Press, 2004.
Schucking, H., P. Anderson, V. Shiva et al. Biodiversity: social & ecological
perspectives. London: Zed Books Ltd., 1991.
Scott Ram, N.R. and A.G. Sheard. “The rise and fall of the EU patent directive.” (1995) 13
No. 8 Bio Technology. 734-735.
Seay, N. 1993. “Intellectual property rights in plants.” In Intellectual property rights:
Protection of plant materials, edited by Baenziger, P.S., R.A. Kleese and R.F.
Barnes, 61-78. Madison: Crop Science Society of America, 1993.
Sedjo, R.A. “Property rights and the protection of plant genetic resources.” In Seed and
Sovereignty, edited by Kloppenburg, J.R., 293-314. London: Durham, 1988.
Sedjo, R.A. “Property rights, genetic resources, and biotechnological change.” (1992) 35 No.
1 Journal of Law and Economics. 199-213.
Sehgal, S. “First the seed - then you can worry about patents.” (1995) No. 25 Biotechnology
and Development Monitor. 24.
Sehgal, S. “First the seed - then you can worry about patents.” (1995) No. 25 Biotechnology
and Development Monitor. 24.
Sehgal, S., S. Shantharam and J.F. Montgomery. “IPR controversy and the Indian seed
industry.” In Biotechnology, biosafety, and biodiversity: scientific and ethical issues
for sustainable development, 207-218. 1999.
Seiler, A.. “Sui generis systems: obligations and options for developing countries.” (1998)
No. 34 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 2-5.
Sengupta, Arjun. “The Right to Food in the Perspective of the Right to Development.” In
Food and Human Rights in Development: Evolving Issues and Emerging Applications
(Vol 2), edited by Eide and Kracht. Oxford: Intersentia, 2007.
Serageldin, I. “Genetic resources conservation in the CGIAR: protecting an
irreplaceable resource for future generations.” (1994) 10 No. 2 Diversity. 9-12.
Serageldin, I. “New partnerships and new paradigms for the new century.” (1999) 76 No. 4
Current Science. 501-506.
Shand, H. “Agbio and third world development.” (1993) 11 No. 3 Bio Technology. 13.
Shand, H. “Control of cotton: the patenting of transgenic cotton.” (1993) RAFI Communique
July-August. 1-8.
Shand, H. “There is a conflict between intellectual property rights and the rights of farmers
in developing countries.” (1991) 4 No. 2 Journal of Agricultural and Environmental
Ethics. 131-142.
Sharma, J.R. “PGR issues: national concern and global conflicts with special reference to
medicinal and aromatic plants.” (1999) 21 No. 4 Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic
Plant Sciences. 1111-1118.
Sharma, Shyam and Brahmi. “Gene Bank Curators: Towards Implementation of the
international Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture by the
Indian National Gene Bank.” In Plant Genetic Resources and Food Security:
Stakeholder Perspectives on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for
Food and Agriculture, edited by Frison, Lopez, and Esquinas-Alcazar. New York:
FAO, Bioversity international and Eathscan, 2011.
Sherman, Brad. “Reconceptualising intellectual property to promote food security.” In
Intellectual Property, Genetic Resource’s and the future of food, edited by C.
Lawson and J. Sanderson. Ashgate, forthcoming. (accepted for publication January
2013).
Sherman, Brad. “Towards an Indigenous Public Domain?” In The Future of the Public
Domain, edited by P. Bernt Hugenholtz and Lucie Guibault, 259-277. Kluwer, 2006.
(with L Wiseman)
Shi, J. and J.S. Shi. “The challenges to forestry biotechnology and tree breeding in the 21st
century.” (2000) 24 No. 1 Journal of Nanjing Forestry University.1-6.
Shiva, V. “A new partnership for national sovereignty: Intellectual property rights,
collective rights and biodiversity.” In Intellectual property rights, collective rights,
biodiversity. Addis: Institute for Sustainable Development, 1996. Occasional paper
No.1.
Shiva, V. “Farmers’ rights, biodiversity and international treaties.” (1993) 28 No. 14
Economic and Political Weekly. 555-560.
Shiva, V. “Seed Satyagraha.” (1994) No. 43 New Farmer and Grower. 23-25.
Shiva, V., P. Anderson, H. Schucking et al. Biodiversity: social & ecological perspectives.
London: Zed Books Ltd., 1991.
Siamwalla, A. “The diversity of plant genetic resources: an economic perspective.” (1995) 10
No. 1 TDRI Quarterly Review. 12-17.
Sihanya, B.M. “Technology transfer, intellectual property rights and biosafety: strategies
for implementing the Convention on Biodiversity.” (1994) 6 No. 3 AgBiotech News
and Information. 53-60.
Silva, F.A.L. “The access law: comments on the Senate Law Project No. 306, from 1995,
authored by senator Marina Silva, that discusses the access to genetic resources
and their derivatives and regulates other procedures.” (1997) 15 Horticultura
Brasileira.148-153.
Simpson, T. Indigenous heritage and self-determination: the cultural and intellectual
property rights of indigenous peoples. Copenhagen: International Work Group for
Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), 1997. IWGIA Document No. 86. 229.
Sittenfeld, A., J. Komen, C. Falconi et al. “Biotechnology, biodiversity prospecting and
access to genetic resources: issues for Latin America. Turning priorities into
feasible programs. Proceedings of a policy seminar on agricultural biotechnology
for Latin America, Lima, Peru, 6-10 October 1996.” (1999) No. 4 Agricultural
Biotechnology Policy Seminars. 13-19.
Smith, J.S.C. “Plant breeders’ rights in the USA; changing approaches and appropriate
technologies in support of germplasm enhancement.” (1992) 5 No. 3 Plant Varieties
and Seeds. 183-199.
Soejarto, D.D., L. Rivier, C. Gyllenhaal et al. “Biodiversity prospecting and benefit-
sharing: perspectives from the field. Intellectual property rights, naturally derived
bioactive compounds and resource conservation. Proceedings of an international
symposium, San Jose, Costa Rica, October 20-22, 1994.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3
Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1-15.
Soejarto, D.D., L. Rivier, C. Gyllenhaal et al. “Intellectual property rights, naturally derived
bioactive compounds and resource conservation. Proceedings of an international
symposium, San Jose, Costa Rica, October 20-22, 1994.” (1996) 51 No. 1-3 Journal
of Ethnopharmacology. 336.
Solleiro, J.L. “Regulating the access to genetic resources: recent advances in Latin America.
Proceedings of the colloquium ‘Critical issues involving crop germplasm diversity
and conservation’, East Lansing, Michigan, USA, 12 December, 1996.” (1998) 33
No. 7 HortScience. 1131-1133.
Sontot, A., M. Mitteau and M. Lefort. “The circulation of genetic resources: legal
developments and economic stakes.” (1998) 5 No. 2 OCL Oleagineux, Corps
Gras, Lipides. 137-140.
Spain, Genetic Resource Action International (GRAIN). 1999. “Biodiversity in
agriculture: policy issues.” (1999) 15 No. 3-4 ILEIA Newsletter. 8-9.
Sriwatanapongse, S., S. Bhumiratana, D.W. Altman et al. Status of development in plant
biotechnology in Thailand. Plant biotechnology transfer to developing countries.
Austin: R. G. Landes Company, 1995. 131-150.
Stahler, F. “The international management of biodiversity.” (1992) No. 529 Kieler
Arbeitspapiere. 21.
Stallmann, J.I. and A.A. Schmid. “Property rights in plants: implications for
biotechnology research and extension.” (1987) 69 No. 2 American journal of
agricultural economics. 432-437.
Straus, J. “The biodiversity convention and intellectual property.” (1993) 24 IIC. 602-615.
Suman, S. and S. Sahai. “Gene campaign.” (1996) 83 No. 7 Madras Agricultural Journal.
417-418.
Suman, S. and S. Sahai. “Genetic resources, intellectual property rights and the rights of
indigenous communities.” (1996) 83 No. 7 Madras Agricultural Journal. 419-
421.
Suman, S. and S. Sahai. “Patenting of genetic resources: the case of developing countries.”
(1993) 43 No. 7 Indian Farming. 7, 9, 11-12.
Suman, S. and S. Sahai. “Patenting of genetic resources: the case of developing countries.”
(1993) 43 No. 7 Indian Farming. 7, 9, 11-12.
Suman, S., S. Sahai, B.K. Dwivedi et al. The patenting of genes and living organism: the
South’s view. Agriculture in 21st Century. Allahabad: Bioved Research Society, 1998.
137-143.
Sun, M. “The global fight over plants genes: developing and developed countries face off a
recent FAO meeting over access to germplasm.” (1986) 231 No. 4737 Science. 445-
447.
Swaminathan, M.S. “Implementing the benefit-sharing provisions of the Convention on
Biological Diversity: challenges and opportunities.” (1997) No. 112 Plant
Genetic Resources Newsletter. 19-27.
Swaminathan, M.S. “Nature’s diversity and seeds for food security.” (1993) 43 No. 7
Indian Farming. 3, 5-6.
Swaminathan, M.S. “Sustainable food security and intellectual property rights.” (1993) 42
No. 11 Indian Farming. 3-6.
Swaminathan, M.S. Agrobiodiversity and farmers rights: Proceedings of a technical
consultation on an implementation frame work for farmers rights. Madras: M.S.
Swaminathan Research Foundation, 1996.
Swanson, T.M. Intellectual property rights and biodiversity conservation: an
interdisciplinary analysis of the values of medicinal plants. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1998. 271.
Tansey, G. and Rajotte. The Future Control of Food: A Guide to International Negotiations
and Rules on Intellectual Property, Biodiversity and Food Security. (2012) Earthscan.
Tapper, R., A. Hamilton, F. Begemann et al. “In situ conservation of plant genetic resources:
the view of WWF. Integration of conservation strategies of plant genetic resources in
Europe.” In Proceedings of an international symposium on plant genetic resources in
Europe, held in Gatersleben, Germany, 6-8 December 1993, 149-155. Gatersleben:
Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 1994.
Taubman, Antony. “The Evolution of the CBD’s Development Agenda that may Influence
the Interpretation and Development of TRIPS.” In Interpreting and Implementing the
TRIPS Agreement: Is it Fair?, edited by Justin Malbon and Charles Lawson, 131-158.
Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2008. (with Charles Lawson)
Taylor, M. and R.A. Drew. “Biotechnology in the South Pacific Island region.
Proceedings of the international symposium on biotechnology of tropical and
subtropical species, part II, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 29 September-3
October 1997.” (1998) No. 461 Acta Horticulturae. 55-64;
The Crucible Group. People, plants, and patents: the impact of intellectual property on
biodiversity, conservation, trade and rural society. Ottawa: International
Development Research Centre (IDRC), 1994. 116.
The Crucible Group. Seeding solutions. Volume 1. Policy options for genetic resources:
People, Plants, and Patents revisited. Ottawa: International Development
Research Centre (IDRC), 2000.
Thompson, R. Paul. Agro-Technology: A Philosophical Introduction. New York: Cambridge
University Press, 2011.
Thornstrom, C.G. “Genetic policy in developing countries.” (1998) No. 17 Currents
Uppsala. 4-9.
Tilahun, S. and S. Edwards. The movement for collective intellectual rights. Addis Ababa:
Institute for Sustainable Development, 1996.
Tobin, J.E., R. Goldburg., D.D. Hopkins et al. “Biodiversity entreaty.” (1993) 262 No. 5130
Science Washington. 13-14.
United Nations. “Convention on Biological Diversity.” (1992) 4 No. 9 Agbiotech News and
Information. 251-261.
Upadhyaya, H, Gowda and Sastry.“Plant genetic resources management: collection,
characterization, conservation and Utilization.” (2008) 6 No. 1 Journal of
Agricultural Research.
Van den Hurk, Anke. “The Seed Industry: Plant Breeding and the International Treaty on
Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.” In Plant Genetic Resources and
Food Security: Stakeholder Perspectives on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic
Resources for Food and Agriculture, edited by Frison, Lopez, and Esquinas-Alcazar.
New York: FAO, Bioversity International and Earthscan, 2011.
Varadarajan, S., I. Getubig, Jr, V.L. Chopra et al. “Policy implications in intellectual property
rights.” In Biotechnology for Asian agriculture: public policy implications, 123-130.
Kuala Lumpur: Asian and Pacific Development Centre (APDC), 1991.
Vidar, Margret. “The Interrelationships between the Right to Food and Other Human Rights.”
In Food and Human Rights in Development: Legal and Institutional Dimensions and
Selected Topics (Vol 1), edited by Eide and Kracht. Oxford: Intersentia, 2005.
Walden, I.. “Intellectual property in genetic sequences.” (1993) 2 No. 2 Review of European
and International Environmental Law. 121-125.
Warkoczewska, M. and T. Twardowski. 2000. “Patenting food derived from genetically
modified organisms — GMOs.” (2000) 9 No. 2 Zywnosc, Zywienie, Prawo a Zdrowie.
185-197.
Watt, Sally-Anne. “The Role of the UN Human Rights Bodies in Promoting and Protecting
the Right to Food.” In Food and Human Rights in Development: Legal and
Institutional Dimensions and Selected Topics (Vol 1), edited by Wenche Barth ide
and Uwe Kracht. Oxford: Intersentia, 2005.
Weimar, E.C.. “Update on current status of patent filing involving plants and other related
issues.” In Intellectual property rights: Protection of plant materials, edited by
P.S. Baenziger, R.A. Kleese and R.F. Barnes, 79-86. Madison: Crop Science
Society of America, 1993.
Wijk, J.v. “GATT and the legal protection of plants in the Third World.” (1992) No. 10
Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 14-15.
Wijk, J.v. and J. Van Wijk. “How does stronger protection of intellectual property rights
affect seed supply? Early evidence of impact.” (1996) No. 13 ODI Natural Resource
Perspectives. 4.
Wijk, J.v. and J. Van Wijk. “Intellectual property protection for plants: possible impact on
developing countries.” (1990) No. 4 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 3-7.
Wijk, J.v. and J. van Wijk. “Phytobusiness requires social chemistry.” (2000) 55 No. 2
Phytochemistry. 93-95.
Wijk, J.v. and J. Van Wijk. “Plant breeders’ rights create winners and losers.” (1995) No.
23 Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 15-19.
Wijk, J.v. and J. Van Wijk. “Plant patenting provision reviewed in WTO.” (1998) No. 34
Biotechnology and Development Monitor. 6-9.
Wijk, J.v., J.I. Cohen, J. Komen and J. Van Wijk. “Intellectual property rights for
agricultural biotechnology - options and implications for developing countries.”
(1993) ISNAR Research Report No. 3. 39.
Williams, K. “Plant exchange office leads way in establishing non-monetary benefit-sharing
regimes.” (1998) 14 No. 3-4 Diversity. 23-24.
Williams, S.B., Jr. “Protection of plant varieties and parts as intellectual property.” (1984)
225 No. 4657 Science.18-23.
Williams, S.B., Jr. “There is not a conflict between intellectual property rights and the
rights of farmers in developing countries.” (1991) 4 No. 2 Journal of Agricultural
and Environmental Ethics. 143-150.
Williams, S.B., Jr. and K.A. Weber. “Intellectual property protection and plants.” (1989) No.
52. ASA special publication American Society of Agronomy. 91-107.
Winiger, M. “Access to genetic resources and benefit sharing.” In Biodiversity: a
challenge for development research and policy, edited by Auer, M. and W.
Barthlott, 199-207. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1998.
Winter, J. “Plant breeders recommend a multilateral agreement on the conservation of genetic
resources.” (1996) 30 No. 2 Entwicklung Landlicher Raum. 27-28.
Winter, J. “Plant breeders recommend a multilateral agreement on the conservation of genetic
resources.” (1996) 30 No. 2 Entwicklung Landlicher Raum. 27-28.
Wiseman, Leanne. “The Protection of Indigenous Art and Culture in Australia: The Labels of
Authenticity.” (2001) European Intellectual Property Law Review.14-25.
Wiseman, Leanne. “Towards an Indigenous Public Domain?” In The Future of the Public
Domain, edited by P. Bernt Hugenholtz and Lucie Guibault, 259-277. Kluwer, 2006.
(with B Sherman)
Wolfrum, R. “The management of biodiversity according to international and
national law.” (1998) 117 No. 3 Theory in Biosciences. 307-317.
Wong, Tzen and Dutfield. Intellectual Property and Human Development: Current Trends
and Future Scenarios. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Wood, D. “Real rights for farmers.” (1998) No. 36 Biotechnology and Development Monitor.
24.
Wright, B.D. “International crop breeding in a world of proprietary technology.” In
Agriculture and intellectual property rights: economic, institutional and
implementation issues in biotechnology, edited by Santaniello, V., R.E. Evenson,
D. Zilberman, and G. A. Carlson, 127-138. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2000.
Wright, B.D., R.E. Evenson, D. Gollin et al. “Intellectual property and farmers’ rights.” In
Agricultural values of plant genetic resources, 219-232. Wallingford: CAB
International, 1998.
Yamin, F. and D. Posey. “Indigenous peoples, biotechnology and intellectual
property rights.” (1993) 2 No. 2 Review of European and international
Environmental Law. 141-149.
Yu, Peter K. “Cultural Relics, Intellectual Property, and Intangible Heritage.” (2008) 81
Temple Law Review. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1272727
Zamora, O.B. 1997. “The Philippines: A bridle on bioprospecting?” (1997) 14 No. 2
Seedling. 11-19.
Zilberman, D., C. Yarkin, A. Heiman et al. Knowledge management and the economics of
agricultural biotechnology. Agriculture and intellectual property rights: economic,
institutional and implementation issues in biotechnology. Wallingford: CABI
Publishing, 2000. 139-154.
Zografos, Daphene. Intellectual Property and Traditional Cultural Expressions. Cheltenham:
Edward Elgar Publishing, 2010.