DST’s Programme on Bio-fuels
Sanjay Bajpai
Department of Science & Technology (DST)Ministry of Science and Technology,
Government of IndiaWebsite: www.dst.gov.in
Acknowledgement:All Academicians, Scientists and Technologists who enthusiastically
responded to DST’s foray in Biofuels and Contributed to enrichment of the Programme.
Department of Science and Technology (DST)
DST, currently enjoys the status of India’s main Extra Mural Research Support system with a share of about 50% of fundingfor research through EMR route
NATIONAL R&D EXPENDITURE AND ITS PERCENTAGE TO GNP
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
90-91 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03 03-04 04-05 05-06 06-07* 07-08*
YEAR
R&D
EX
PEN
DIT
URE
(RS.
CR
ORE
S)
0.60
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
PERC
ENTA
GE
OF
GN
P
R&D Expenditure GNP (%)
NATIONAL R&D EXPENDITURE SECTOR- WISE, 2005-06
Central Govt.57%
Private Sec. Ind.26%
State Govt.8%Public Sec. Ind.
5%
Higher Edu. Sec.4%
Central Govt. Private Sec. Ind. State Govt. Public Sec. Ind. Higher Edu. Sec.
Total = Rs. 28776.65 Crores
695.87302.65
130.44
79.04
47.30
46.64
43.15
36.55
27.24
18.90
39.40
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
DST
DBT
MOS
MOCIT
ICMR
DRDO
CSIR
DAE
UGC
AICTE
OTHERS
R&D SUPPORT BY CENTRAL S&T AGENCIES DURING 2007-08
Others include : DOC,MOEF,MNRE ,PCRA ,ISRO ,DSIR and AYUSH
Total Approved cost = Rs. 1467.19 CrTotal Projects = 3515
Select Mandate of DST
S&T Policies (1983, 2003) R&D in emerging areas ( Biotechnology, Renewable
Energy, Environment, Earth System, Nano Technology etc.)
Interdisciplinary & multi Institutional R&D (Gyrotron, Hospital Waste Incineration, Water Purification etc.)
Demonstration of technology for replication (Micro Hydel) International Cooperation on Science & Technology Collation of R&D Data
Electron gun (CEERI)
Collector insulator
Collector magnet coils (IPR)
Collector (CEERI)
Main Magnet coil(IPR)
Cathode (CEERI)
Electron Beam
IIT (R)
Cavity (BHU)
Gun magnet coil (IPR) Power Supply
(IPR)
Window(SAMEER)
Institutional Responsibilities
Illustrative examples
Inter Disciplinary & Multi Institutional R&D Cooperation-Gyrotron
Illustrative examplesIndustry Institute Collaboration Plasma Technologies
Plasma Pyrolysis System Development
Hospital Waste disposal
Ilustrative examplesIndustry Institute CollaborationSafe Drinking Water Distributed Energy
Generation
Defluoridation
Arsenic Removal
2 X 50 kW Micro Hydel Project at Thuvopisu, Nagaland
Pan IIT Initiative• Department of Science and Technology has initiated a PAN IIT
network programme on solar energy research
– Thematic Network research• Solar energy materials• Solar energy devices (for user direct load applications)• Storage devices• Power electronics for grid synchronization• Convergent Solar thermal technology solutions (25 kw to 1 MW)
– Off Grid– 24X7 complete with storage and power electronics
• Convergent Solar PV technology solutions– Power plant requirements
Islanded Grid1 MW 8 hour per day
Autonomous Grid with
Utility Connectivity
Can link to Main Grid
Power Electronics Storage100s kW Energy Sources
Pool of Expertise from different IITs and other institutions; DST funding
Sol
ar T
herm
al
PV
–H
igh
Effi
cien
cy S
i
PV
–C
once
ntra
tors
PV
–C
IGS
PV
–O
ther
s
Fuel
Cel
ls w
ith F
uel F
lexi
ble
Bat
terie
s
Oth
er O
ptio
ns
PV
–A
mor
phou
s S
i
Solar Desalination
Utilisation of concentrated solar thermal energy for supplying potable water to a costal community in Ramanathapuram
Solar- Multi Effect Desalination (MED) Systems delivers 6000 lts/ hour potable water.
Integration of Linear Fresnel Reflector (LFR) based solar thermal steam generating system with the MED system and performance evaluation
Vacuum
BrineDischarge
BrineDischarge
BrineDischarge
Saline Feed
Vapour
Fresh Water
Steam in
Condensate
VapourVapour
VacuumVacuum
A parallel feed multi-effect distillation process
Hybrid Biomass- Solar Power Plant
Pilot scale Demonstration power plant(in association with Thermax)Off grid village level hybrid technology
A 256 kW Solar Thermal Technology Demonstration Project at village Shive, Pune in partnership with M/S Thermax Ltd.
Operation with solar energy and biomass boiler as backup during the non-insolation period.
Parabolic Trough at Shive Village, Pune
International Cooperation
EPSRC-DST Joint Initiative– (Joint fund of 10 million UK pounds with India supporting
Indian researchers and UK supporting UK researchers) complete with IPR sharing on reciprocity and parity principle• Joint workshop among researchers of India and UK in solar PV
research was held– Joint call was made and project support mechanism developed
EU-India S&T cooperation in solar energy research– 5 million Euro on either side earmarked
• Coordinated call for proposals with joint peer review mechanism placed on ground
Allocation of Business to DST on Biofuels
( 3rd April,2006)
• Development of indigenous technologies concerning Biofuel :- Production - Processing- Standardisation and - Application
• R&D to promote utilisation of by-products
National Consultations by DST
Workshop on Strategies for utilisation of Biofuels (2003)- at Bangalore
Interaction on R&D activities on bio-fuels and by-products (2006)- at Pune
Outcome of National Consultations -Major Recommendations
- Feedstock: Jatropha and Karanja
- Use of Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) : scientific validation and field trials
- Development of Small capacity Bio-diesel Plant : design, fabrication and demonstration
- R&D on value addition in by- products, seed variety, engine performance etc
Use of Straight Vegetable Oil -Findings
Use of Straight vegetable oils leads to severe carbon deposits on engine parts-Cylinder Heads, Pistons etc, and Clogging of Injector.
Erosion marks
10 % SVO + Diesel
White deposit formation
10 % blend
High injector deposits
10 % blend
Remedial Measures Suggested• Filtration and Preheating of the Vegetable Oils before
injection, and
• Frequent Maintenance: Injector clearing fuel filter change, Tube oil change, fuel pump clearing, engine overhauling etc.
OutcomeRetrofit for pre-heating and Dual Fuel Engine developed for Karanja and Jatropha SVO utilization in single cylinder engine
10 kW Dual Fuel Engine10 kW Dual Fuel EngineRetrofit For PreheatingRetrofit For Preheating
Indigenous technology for Bio-Diesel Production (Public Private
Partnership)
Demonstrations at
- Chhattisgarh- Uttar Pradesh- Karnataka- Orissa - Uttarakhand - Assam - Arunachal Pradesh
Features of the Plant
Feedstock - Karanja and Jatropha
Crushing Capacity – 1 tonne seeds per day
Yield – 250 ltrs per day
Bio-diesel as per BIS standards
Plant Cost - Rs 12.50 lakhs
Center for Biofuels (TIFAC)
Set up at NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram Mandate is to promote bio-refinery related
technologies through- Cutting edge research activities - Knowledge based training- Collaboration with international agencies - Development of strategies and
technologies
Centre for Bio-fuel technologies-AchievementsTechnology demonstration of ligno-
cellulosic bio-ethonal for 5 select feedstocks Study report on `Availability of Indian Bio-
mass resources for Exploitation’Efficient utilisation of Jatropha seedcake
by detoxification and recovery of residual hydrocarbon
Research & Development - Ongoing
By-Product Utilisation (Karanja)- Use of Cake for development of protein and starch based
products
- Removal of toxins from Jatropha and Karanja cake
- Value added products from crude glycerol
Research & Development - Ongoing
Studies on Biodiesel / SVO
• Long term oxidation stability of Biodiesel• Bio-diesel blends• SVO blends• Bio-diesel production through alternate routes -
Cellulosic biomass etc. • Upscaling of production capacity – 250 ltrs to 5000
ltrs per day• Catalysts for trans-esterification process
Research & Development (Future Efforts)
Engine Performance & Oil Characteristics
Spray research and detailed combustion studies
Reduction of NOx from exhaust
Next Generation Biofuels
PartnersInstitutions :
IIT-D, IIT-K, IIT-M, IISc, Orissa Agri. University, NERIST,DCE, JSS Academy of Technical Education, CSMCRI, IICT, CIRT, SASTRA
Industries :MICO, Ashok Leyland, OFDC, Indian Oil, NTPC
Financial Institutions:North Eastern Development Financial Institution, Guwahati