Peace Researcher Vol1 Issue29 Aug 1991

8/9/2019 Peace Researcher Vol1 Issue29 Aug 1991

1/28

incorporating

SPECIAL ISSUE:

N. Z . Ready Reactionris

Prctise Rpreion

WAU DIRY

On pol for "dissidets i the North Caterbury tow ofWiu. Exercise Ivhoe 1990.

Photo crdt C Sa


2/28

Repression and Low Intensity Confic:VS Strategy, New Zealand, and Reource War

by Dennis Small"Now that the Soviet threat reced, [omer NATO conder Sir James] Eberlewas candid about the roe of securi pac ike US within the Wste aliance.

Suchpacts st not so much to end the Westom an terna threat heexains but to seve as pao for aunching forces ensure our access to kresources in the Third Wod 'The divi is not one of ideogy ut proseriMiitay aliances wi sti be needed he concudes to cont those wo do noteconise the no of civiation about who shoud be th hves and wo shoud bee have nots

To McKinnn this roe for securi aiances sil ies somewhere in the ture "(NZ Listener, u 1991p15)

An InductoOvriewhat d he ape in Mah of ths year of Tim's RihadPearse ior by more

n Rey Reaones have to do with the S-ld wr on q? Wile Gorge Bushght deny any linkage he NZ exerse Ivh '91 did hae som lose inks.

TheGulf War was not about e hts nd doms of a Wrld t

s about oil nd ower jon I El Slvad the Philippines and elsewhe e Bushdminison onnues to m h ghts ndd in its onnuing Jihad againste p nd huny US genal Mell Taylor put it lke his in 1974: the ladingaunt 'hav pwr, w e o a to g fo our natio lbl gaintniou 'ha-not.2 I s e ld slides er into nonmenl isis enited Sttes is geng up f soc wrs Here oteoZ anhoe 1 is etanoher g eerise to ensu N ay its bit to gloal represion and abbingmor of the wods soes f the ady unt

h Penagon has long plnned f ws of inteenon to sec resoes demd vital

or S inusial admilia wellbeing Pime fus fo suh planning has of orse beenh Persi Gulf, and the Gulf as is bloy ulminaon at least to ate) Paallel to hisnew pe of midinensi ot is e ow intensit ad is is whre NS nd vah 91 t itoPentgon sategy3 igh-intnsi ombat would be llsale w between maor indusal powrs

odg to the oil publi milit line Eerise vanh '1 is an annual test of eNZ Rad Reaon Fe's ability to deploy to a oublespot the Southwest anddeal i low level emergenies4 ops swooping to the sue of te goent ofhemyhial island of Colhis e Mainlnd the apitl of whih is im They have todeal wh a ssdent ou hePeople's Demora Milia of Musoria This milia is aoreiginsidsubvive guefore with Musoria being a hosle r on aneighboing island


3/28

Pevous exercises have ade cler the nat of the conict. It is ery much a richersus-or w whNZ tng he side of the rich. e enemy is poor , coloud andoubled by resource d energy shortages as well s populaon pssures Wle the ninscenrio is publicy touted as ean some nd of undemrac feigninsired nterentioninrelity it is much mo likely to be aplied in the contet of poplar resistnce to rule by unjust pssie elite. It quite cler that the basic sceno relates to conict or resourcebetwn rich and pr and that theNZ ps outrepress the poor There is a deinitebuiltin bias in this soclled "low intensity" wre towrds repression and inusiceThis st of ainin lso has the ominous potenal for aconary applcaon within unsettledNZ of the future. Mo enerlly the accumulated weight of eidence demonsatethe potenl ofANS for the subersion of cilzed lues as the Ebere ute cite a beginnng telingly indicates

"We have 50 percent of the world's wealth, but only 6.3% o itpopulaton In hs stuaton we cannot al to be the object oenv and resetment Our real task n the cong pero odevse a pattern f relatnshps whh wll allw us to antaths poston of dspart . e should cease to tlk abut thrasng of he lvng standards and deocratzaton Th d snot far f when we are gong to have o deal n straght poweconepts

- George Knnan Diecor of Policy Panning, State Dept.

here are o hundred llon of us and three blon of thehe want ha wee got nd we nt gong to gve t to the

esdent Lynon Johnson to US troops n Venam

HThe escalating setbacks to our interestsaroad, increasing lawlessness andterrorism, an the socalled wars ofnational libration are putting injeopardy our aility to inuence worldvents and to assure access to rawmaterials. "

cay of tat Alxand Haig

ach 1 11


4/28

!md to Low IntensiConctBasicy ow Intensity Coct (IC) is the USs latest verson of counter-nsugen

are It was deveoped as prt of the Reag Docne of crushing oppostn n the hrWod e essence o the Reaga Docne was an agessive miir dpropagd/economic/covert acon push to ro back perceved Sovet and natona lbermovent threas to US sts Under the banner of a sweepng and supposedl

terorst rubc LIC emerged a a key element of hs offensve5

The te "low tensi" s used by the S mity to desribe a mode of wrre nwhch US op deployment s kept to a inmum. LIC emphaszes e use of sugate fosuch as he Cons in Nicragua the Afghani rebels , as in the case of the hilppnem and pritry forces

On a specum o coct t s fought wh relavely less repower and lesophsated hdwre han convenonal wrs and tends to concenate in a smaler eaMore signict howev, is he totaity of the war It nvolves polcal economic psychologc operaions in ion to miity wrfare the wos of Colonel Johnaghelstein, The litary is a dstt forth in mny cases. It is toa war at e garooleve' 6

There s debate over the exact naure ofC I pcuar, he r derencs wha is n ew i LC as disnct m diona counr-isurgency pracce Ivn olo fomple has rgued hat LIC is fact "notfunmenlly a milit sraeg.7 ather a mldensonal saeg emcig poc economc d sychologic elements the m component oy a dst dmensn Above t s a low st ated sateghat avoi rect US mii vovent by atempg to reverse he sateg used by dorld rvouonry fores LC s us tol r whch the actu mtry component

not he rst prefence LC s a coct beeen wo derent ocl systems rather thao ies_ Since the US r effort i Vm had been isut and apropate, n uturthe S had to wage a coict of a fr derent natre It had to ght Popl'sW witPees Wr' - and ncessry maacture a democrac eole's r erteraons reiore is assessment

E(

Obiosly he deon of olloy ad Co relects he emphass of ColonelWaghelsten9 Fm a ifent viewpoint LIC is simpy an updated conuaon of hecounterinurgency on appied by he US d s assiated forces ey one canace its ots a consibe way bk El Svador is a ruca crrent laboto for


5/28

Ye the mu-mensiona appch pupo isncve of C chacezed hoperaons of the fountih o hs coys ath squad goveen n he behaour ohe ORDEN rur pt nd inteinc twork ORDEN serd not only as hfounaon of th m ath squs uu aso ncorporaed pogrammes nherts nd minds"

Ocls of the Stte Departmn h CA and he US ed forces conceved organized ORDEN escri by Amsy Intaonal as a movemen desiged to clandesne err agns goent oppnensY

As well as usng ter ORDEN, however, aso indocnaed peasas abou hadvatages of he "democrc" system and he isadvntages of h communst sysm 2

Gena Jose Abero Chle Meno, n agent of he CIA, orgnized ORDEN. F hs n estabshng he Svadorn dath squads Meano was awrded a silver medal y PsdLyndon ohnson eogion of excponally meritorious service!3 Mrano sad hGreen Bes hlped him plan he ORDEN scure nd ideology T pncipa objciv o ndoctnat th pop because accorg to Meano he who has he populaon ns hr Later Merno recalle ha ODEN was lmos a ligon 2

n e Phippines, anoher laboroy for LIC, the ''Lnse myh indcaes yet aganhat Cs roos e deep Edw Lansle, h US he of he "i wr aproach s cred masterming the dowfa of iipo insurgency in h lae 940s d erl 90asda was (nd is) n inspraon f RagBush cov nsgators such as John SngauRy Cne, nd iver North Lanses approach which mphasize pycholoa emloed error taccs and poica mipuaon The oaon he led was a CIA one d thlaer C-coorinated camaign folowng th ousng of Mrcos surely echoes he Lansdalegacy1 Th pa cnnus oay n h Savse and -fde couner-insurgencoperaons he hppine counysie" 6 oicay nough, Lansdae wen on o use h

sae tchnius in Viem eveny leng o he ned Sttes faeful entaglemn

ur jo, Lnse is qut s saying dg hs scond sn in Viam s how to revoluones without g up the soca fabc" For Snglaub nd Cline, acve n th Ccamig in the os-Mrcos Phiipins h S fau in iem was due precisly o heflure to apply proPrly the L aoach Eidnty Siglaub and Clin have bnvolved in stng up death squas i h Phppins nspred by the sor of success hy saas emonsaed by "Opraon Phoenix" he CIA murder prom of suspced Vecong7For hem the gdy Viam ws at peraon Phoenix eods, as l asevoluonry non-mi mthos wee no fr mre comprehensively apied. gulrunconvniona wrfr is omot as he effecv soluon o naona iberaon moemen

LIC is perhaps bes seen s a sophiscatd upated synesis of counr-insurgencexpence The most sgniant US ili ognizaon involve in more coverICoperans is eidenly a highy Acvy ISA) uni un by he Pentgons oin Specia Operaons Agency. ccoring o aleison repor ISA bgan i 980 nd oy has vtualy uied access o funds8

ISA is said o be e key orgizon now uning the Ss secret wrs uzg covemiliy acon uner he covr of the docn of "plausible dniabiiy".9 I uses spcial eltforces o accompish parcl opons Mos recenty ISA play a crial rol in

gatheng ielligenc behind Iaqi ins durng th Guf Wr ISA is probably sll sng uprebl acvty in n orer boh opl Sdam Hssein d o smember Lebanoniz


6/28

he couy so a to peenlycpple The have been port of US nd Brsh cover

mily acves to acva bon 2

Appny, ISA has ged a big oost ugh he Guf Wr Itis seen by ceraninuenal cona a havg he capaciy to wage st wars successfully conase CIA is considered a havng a demonsable lack of comtence n this sphere Accordinto ths view, ely ascos ke he 16 Bay of Pigs nvaion of Cuba pont forwd to unimprssive cod ght th to the sent day In fac the Pentagon reportedly een too

conl of ellgence wk om he A he ppon and conduct of the US led attcon S CIA collaboraon with Husses me in he 18 had reuced its effectenein deg w he new angonisc laonshp beween the two counes.

ated and developed houghout the Reagan cde ISA has no doubt drawn healon the expeience and dvce of men lke Siglaub and Clne. In October 84 Singaub ch of a Pentagon poicy pael on Cenal Ameica recommended n extension o coepamilitr ad unconvenona wa es for US fes Cenal Amerca the mntesng oud f LIC2

The CIA connues to play a cal role in the USs dirty ware "Providing watclss basd on ecic and hmn neaon of trgetd ups is a connug programeof IA covr opa. oday US-advised sy ces n El Slvad, using thetechiques of the Phx pomme opete rouout Salvador nd have aen a heatoll ong peass, vs d abo ad n hat couny. In the late 8s he Cbegan assisng he Plppe govee n he conduct of "lowntensiy" oeaons bamong oer ngs, computzg ecy svce cos of lefst and assisg in thedevelopment of a naonal iden cd pme hever he IA coopaes wi oernaonal seuiy svces is safe ase that it also compiles and passes on SubersieConl ach Lists22 (Zssidents ake note!

"Lownniy Coct ca a hgh-nten g e CIA h been exmelyproud of he success of he ssa of Indonesin counsts lefsts and oher oups itengneed dng 9667 Fom agen Rlph MGeh ha reveald hat e Agency

in act wote a seet sdy of i oaon h and commendd a a mdel futreopeons2 ut e A ha sven fenl to kep i re e massac secret Themasm West meda n her Orwellian ahion, hae been keen to p.

hen mass llng is he objec en he U is c ead to impement it in the mostthss fahion "To pvent cotervoluony acon om generag frher resistanethe ide qement is he sudden mass slaughter ad ongerm izng o he opposin

both acve and potenal"2

L Flecher ouy hed of S Suppor for Coert Opeons5513 enhusiascally ended s meod dng an interiew in the Alies: heWite House, the CIA an Australia. Prou also ites a cc employedin the hilippnes byLnsdle whch combned mas slaugher wth pocal subteuge Dug the US campaignaginst the Hu uprsng govnt olers wer llowed to amok in villages dsguisedas Hus.2 ccdg to uy s ws a chnique developed to a high i hehiippes2 Prou was f nne yes he falpot ofcer for contacts beteen theengon and the CI

Raph McGehee consi e 1 CIAbacked Chen coup and subsuent slaughterand repression as an example of e 9667 Indonesian mdel (Allies" nteview) aninteriew wih eecher Kahy Kadane, a fomer S Embassy ofcial nd now a SateDepent consulant Ror J. Marns acknowledged that he probably has a lot of blood onhis hands as a esult of his p n engng h Indonesin massacre Howevr in hi J


7/28

opinion: "... hat's not all b el-'s a me when you have to ske hrd at a deisi moment".28 In the usualcouse ofLIC, suh "deisive moments" or he mass emao enemies do not oen se Inste! he emphasis is on steadily building up n eetiapparaus o repssion and mind nl,Th Bih o Nw aland Re\Raionai

New Zealnds aive rolelounter-insrgeny wr goes bak to the days oMalaysian Emergeny9 Sine the wr on the Viese there has not been any suh a

rontline pipaon yet ng or ouner-nsurgeny wa has atuall expded geneae the hrd ore o he Ay soalle Ready Reaon Fore Ths oe s

ready o ouse or onvenonl w Taiing senios ndiate a lot o overap

The 1978 Deene Reie "poposed hat a smll ady reaon ore be reated ake by abroad rge o units ompising both Reguls and serve adres to mt thermework needed to epand to Brgade size"?O But the Mins o Deee ound a ak o denion o the wk e aused too eat a share o resoures t be ted u iasutue rather ha in operaonal elements"3 The Minisy opted or a more operatio

ta suppot role or te oe and noned that it ould "establish a deployable battaiogoup o 12reg o pesonel based in Buham and maintained at ull seand a high state o opeaonal eadiness"31 eployable" reed to the South Pai

Former Pe Miniser Daid Lnge has remked that he bueauray o our Miniso Exteal Relaons d Trade is songly inuened om Washington He should knowlenty o evidene has aumulated over the yeas demonsng that the NZ Goeme

regully ats as a la o he US In 1985 when Jenne Kirkpak retied as the UAmbassaor to the United aos she epod that w eln apn nd Ausalia wereonsidered by e US as its songest allies n he UN3 La on anyses o Zs og

reord under he n-nule La goent at he showd his ouns onnuesubsrvene33 y in he opposion to visis by nule arships has NZ ateinepndentl o its Big Boher

HIn the tuled wld whih I havepstulated in was e vey p-ale, althugh unpedictale a tspecifics We shall need mile eady

fces t dete , in sme caes,suppss such cnflicts efe theyexand int smething geate Thistas is th pimay justiicatin anunmmitted cental eseve in theUnited States eady f psidential usea an intument f natinal plicy"

-Gen. Maxwell D Taylor,F A l 1

Certainly ith a ully unonal NUS our mliy-laed oreign poliy subseenewas almost total It is lear enough that the estabshent o he NZ Ready Reaon ore

olloe on om a sit in US ilitay dne n he late 970s te US govement set up a


8/28

"" Rapd Deployment Force "W1en rt conceved n 1977 the RF wa een a a ea1,

elf-relant e foe degn for ipd neon nto remote Thrd od batleeds 34Enter the ppoal for a NZ Ready econ Force n 1978. e Force wa forly een llblown fom n Jnu 19843

The ABCA (Ameca Bn, Canaa and Auala) l coopeton gmmeprovdethe channel for docnal and tegc nput to NZ36 The nteaon mgeme

bo whc over the pe prove by Amercan enor t ofcer ahngton Z ha aat memberhp of ABCA hough Aua underlnng onagn our vey ubornate and appenage le n ete mlt affar ..e NZ deenforce have retaned mmbehp n e ACA fora followng the beak n blater Kecurty e 198 over the ue of po acce for US whp 37

Cunte-insugencyRapid Dep!enMidIntensityLw Intensit

Mchael Klre a pmnent cc and ercher ofUS mltay poly towd od apy decrbed he RF a an ay n erch of wa38 Indeed e R qkntohe Mde Eat Cod Py deged om the outet for nteenton curol upp the RF concept wa put to ul eect wth he Gu n ree

counternurgency he erly eagan Docne ongly emphaze the may oluon Kleoredout four coponent39: (1) Pn Mdin The dencaton arret

mponment (or ought aanaon) of uptd ddent fore they can orgze nurgent cel; (2 Uban untinugny - Ere couternurgency had focued onhe threat of guerla war "h ect both the owng urbanzaon of hdold ocee plu the fact that vluon movement are ncreangl amng heorganzng effort at the unmloyed and poverhe nabtant of he hny town whch encrcle mot rd od e e anwer wa mltrz polce repreon happoach aeady fully d n ce le Bueno Are Belfat and Manla no bengreed for ue n oher coune inluding many in t indutializd wld tat a liklt xin uban did in t aad" [empha added] (3 Raid dlyne need for a mave and rapd deployment of op n or to overcome nurgent forebefo they can w upport om the ngenou populaon and thu gger the nd oproacted (and ulmately fule uggle encouterd n Veam Hence he RF(4) Massive fre-power- Instead ofslow escalaon, blast he enemywih mxiumweaponr

fomthestar The GulfWr has beenits highpeak. "


9/28

'."''

Cuent US doine on mlty interenon n the ' Wold is exible accodin the perceived at Grend nd Panma elicited invsions; and Iaq a hih technoloyblitzie. Menme, Cenl Amerca nd the Philppnes evoke open LIC and aos ohe theas sue more cover wafre techniques. Of course, the sme theae can quicundergo mo thn one f of wfre. As erle ndicated, Iaq is now obably sbec ocove wfa conducted by the US and Britin Durng he Reaan ea, counteinsuencdocne developed moe thn one fm The rapid dployment policy ached an inene o

in Grend and anama and its most savage imact in Iaq

He perhaps, the term "conter-nsurgency" is not appopate a al since hese econvenonl invasions But we can ly see some of the elements o his Bliteapach in Kls outline above of the components of ely Reaganst coune

insrencypolcy Indeed, the ofcl Pentagon descpton of low-ntensiy waae ndehe invasion of Grenada

q

A relavely smallscale rpid ployment version might be consideed suitable n sosituaons nd so NZ's Redy Reacon orce has its place Whateve the likely o aca dee

o conlct intensity apid eployment be n appicable opon fo inteenon n the980s IC developed ong its own pah and pid deployment hs been jus one ac in itsamo

" Rdy Ration N StylThe NZ Redy Reon Force is "equpd nd ned for lnd operaons up o as h

a scle of intensit as cn be foesn in the ccumstnes of the South Pacc"4 ncentl he 2- Battlion, Roy NZ Infany Regment at Bm was e co of h battlon oup t had sufcient Scil Servie (SAS) personel "o mee ny couneterorst rqurement nd to suppor the battlion oup in te feld" "Shuld te bation

ou prve n nsufcient rsponse it would b used as he foundon fo xansion usnegul nd Tertl Foe mnpower to poduce a bre oup of up o thee infabaions"4 This brigad-size oup cme to be own s the Intgrtd Expnsion Foce

Throughout he 98 the NZ d foes rcced counterinsurgency. Fo insacin 1983 t Ready Reacon Compny conduted n exercise clled "Civl ono" a Oxfodin nterbuy on "lty-rbn conl tecliques. This exeise was ters to be held ina NZ town outside of Waouru whch has a major rm bse. Civl Concod involved esoldies ging key nstlaons n the own aginst n med "enemy" supod by ninerant oulon hch was "hose" counc oers d the olice4 es of he

local esints we supposed to mbilent.It as vey signicnt tat ivl Concord encouraged the prcipaon of ciilians in a

mility exercis At a publc mng a fe weeks beforehnd, ll people ee told by heamy hat a ages and occupaons would be welcome in the wr games"4 n he execisepals intercet loc chilren cg sh and chps to the "eney" at oadblocks Soldiequesoned sidents nd seched ther vehicles Capted "dissidens" we handed ove to heloalpoliceman Resints could efuse to te pa but obviously n eo was made o

inclue as mny as possible. In general xfod sidents evdenty supoed the execiseSome dd potest however One protester, Ms A Kennedy stted at the me "W e opposedo the AS allince nd we would like to draw people's attenon to he conecon betwenold pvery and the ms rce" Countersuency, Ready Reaconaies ad LC ae ocoue desgned to ensure tha ANS ms suppess the poor


10/28

B up t Pr, Dar MA cnsant eme up he sent day my f e exerces is acn against the

"Musrias. The Moian force are what the a ca an ted notiona enem43 Inthe big cd and commicns exercse Tuppenmt 82 Musria was a cuny(acay e Suh land hch had wn sick f beig a pr cusin of its energychneighb Nth Isld", ad had invad Trppenamt 82 had a sng conennal wr

dimensin iusang he cnsideable elap ween cnvenna and cunerinsurgencyexercisig

AZS cme o he scue To qute aga m he newspaper epor, he nameMusria was coned by the Ausaias. It apparenty has no parcr sicance he naionis charactesed as a developg cuny wih a totaitrian govement Noh Island is ademcrac naon wih a asonably song economy base on prmary poducon and taen a lt of ouble since the mid-970s to become sef sucient in eneg Musoaoubled with ppulan pessures ad its own enegy shrtage began maing incasnlitant demnds for cess t the Norh Islds sues There were propagan ata North Island nd a seies of pvave incidents involvng Musorian awler du 83Wh against coloud; ch aginst ss inequaies engendring compeition o resources all laing to a rour war nario NZ's rle in the sysem of eseepression of the Wld is expliciy clear here The same scenio ecepeatedly in later counteinsurgency exercises

he usual raganda ply is ed out The enemy is ttlitan and commnwheas ANZS repsnts demcry and sponsible goveet Menme, NZ hconnive at Raa's ovhrow f demcracy iji, t say nthng f repression Easmor and other silr examples Pacipants such exerises ae hus ndcnated wi aesouce war mentai wich s smeh asts he Musans as the bad gys h sarin

llons, sick of est pssion hig back at the enemy" which has the afuenceuh of it buit an ed on e backs f tese milions to n hat i calsdmoracy Franz an wud undesad

ner ANZJS exrcse n Ausia Kang '83" gae an isit int t nature thresoce cts at issue he agessrs tis me we e "ans ho had"ecom crasgly bligentar mo by t Autalian Gonmnt t ny tmasto tir traitional Iing zon nd t impose sic baers on alumiiummps.44 I Z h Oxfd my execise cied out in Nrth Catrbr Stem8 was uicky foowd in ovember by he cotisgenc Eercis Lton on e

West at of he Suh Island and hen by he "orh Safi" exerise n Ga BieIsland in rch 98 As prt of the Northe Safri execise the islad off he Aukland coabame an ndpende cu ced Atea" whih had a large mtl neighbour clledMusa h latter inlate Atea and ispid evlun ad so Aota appealed to NZ fohel. Again y pesnnel held a pubic meeng befohand " - reuesng assistane fromhe loal pele; explaing hw he rads were to be upded meical and denaseres wuld b available plus othe desable gdies to b offere when hey tok e thesln for eir games 4

ht is uie sinister here is that the actual bibes f lcal resident particiation anintegal pa of LI US ciic acn fr Phiippines counternsurgency illusates this o ine e: Simultaneus wit te rse f death suads in Davao, a Uited Stats Nav hosiship - the NS Mey sed n the ci hrbour stensibly on a mission to ode mcasevices t indigents 4 his report points ut that the ission was om the str a ombind


11/28

US-Philippines militry manoeu to ennce thei image in the eyes of locl resdent penen quotes Major General William P. WJer, head of the Academy of Healh cewho is on record as sayng "Mlit meicne is e least conovers [sc mos coseecve meas of employng mity forces n Ipor of US naona neres n lowneconic sitaons" 46 '

Ghukas parcipated in Noe Sfari be;use accoring to the rmy, ter omlxion were deal for he role of the Musors42 Local resstnce t he exrcse wconsiderably snger thn that evnced a Oxford i

In November1984 a riot eeise was held t Bam mtry camp nea rschuI was ocaly called "a oune ng exercise n cunter-insurgency echues n uraeas It involved he 21s Batn47 A number of solers in civla garb played e of ptesters n the exercise They hew rocks, smoke nades and Molotov cockas a feow solders Asked why one oup cled hemselves or" n army sokessid, "Counter-insugency takes may dierent forms"4 He added ha "n couner-nsurgewrfre you never ow who sic] you ae dealing with realy"47 Up o 1 men a Buhand about 1 at Pap were g once a yea n ths type of publc dsturbnce eer

the me of the November1984 Bm exese ccs suggesed hat hs so o gh be related to aing wi protess against Souh ica Spngbok rgby ours was dened

The Minsr of Defence M Oynn sd the exercise was part of roune nnuaanng n "peacekeeping short of e use of eams".48 Howeer shots were ed n heparcular1984 exercse wiessed by oalss M OF1ynns commen ha he eercse wang n peacekeeping mnds seious scrny NZ forces have been used n peacekeepngeorts over the yes, for example n he Middle East and most recenty, ngola, and here salways he possibility of beng caught n rios and n mbivalent siaons involvig hosle

However the accumulated eight of evidence cleary shows that he man thrs of ng sNU-late and LI iecte While peacekeeping effots re to be welomed our role habeen sallscle u pcipaon in peaekeeping wk is only ey subsdiy to heextnse and expiciy coner-insugency ineenonry ing whch our rmed fors undegong

The yer1989 sa he st pa test of the Inteated Eansion Fore "OperaonGoden Feee" was se e Taupo nd aper areas of th North Isand A newsa repographcally pined e pice: "Communism s re in Colchis. Feign Musoian opshav jone dissint Colchians, gatherg in heir eb some las as spes t big down eColchs gveent. That ody has invie neghbong ew Zalands oos rhrowhe hat" 49 lchis was supposedly an sland base on Taupo and N aper and he battle wasa low-level errist insugency" he rport contnue "Locas rie wth he rois osome fun and a beer add wld cds to the gme plan".49 I he exercise inginu sered s Hknown enclae of local Musorian sympathy".

though a LIC exercise "Operaon Golden Fleece" took a large-scal form wh aheavy convenon wr ientaon It nvolv a combined and sea "invason" f te Nosland wh 78 members of he Aed Foes taking prt Exercise pcpants ncludemore han 5 people om other naons - Ausala Brune, Canada Malasia, ngaoreTonga and Brtan50 Durig 1989, NZ ws excluded om acve paticipaon in a bg

usaan mlitary exercse - "Exeise Kangaroo 89 whch inclued US foes Busigncanty enough NZ was nvte to send obserers t he Ausalan exerse and o on ncond pos nng as pt of the overl prepaaons for "Kangroo 89 '


12/28

Also vey sigcant and agan omous n was he ison for "Golden Fleeceof a so-called "Media Supp Uit At he me it !as t he Forces wereexpeng wih a new ogazation euphemsally descibed as "intended to help repoersin a wr one but at he sme me ep e ml' awae o what th oalists a"50 The Meia Sup Unit's job is eal wi he echnologcl capacity of modecommuicaons whch enables joalists bpass mli conol Under his regmeaccedted joalsts eceive biengs and ocal acess to cain areas. Ther cles areveed. Non-accite joalists e subet to access consants. Te Media Support n i

staffed by pesonnel om Defence public laonsSo even the pog of e exercises hemselves has bcome subject miliar

censorshp conol psychologcal waare O the wld stage he ochesated propaganassiaed wih e Allied aack on aq emonsed just how sucssf suh mnipulaoncould be and how highly suscepble the manseam media to is ecniques Te pubi

relaons mkeg ofC indee vey much a p of LIC itself and e inolvement of ocpeople must be seen hs contex Since LI is so much evoe to he process of winnnghes and minds", ning f LC pointed out above, actualy enables the d Force pracce these parculr componen on civilns including te mea9

Some cizens have sl proved immune nd hae conued protest Drng odFeece an c even bomd "a ay camp wi waterlled baloons51 Te groconceed cae iself he Peoples Fnt of Kolkis (cited in e mea as "a reiousunknown oup") Te Council of Tae Unions so cicized e Any for preprig o on e ng side52 As he indiaed he LIC scenario had Z forcs suppressig oa movement, raher han keeping the peace or defenng NZ

banho Th ood Whi Knigh?The ost rcent maj exeises hae been he "Ivanh" ones. Mach 0 vanhoe

0 covered sevel ps of Canterbuy Minister of Defence M Tapsell said itwascoincientl at his exercise focuse on he engagement of e Read Reacon Force ithissidnts" when dissidents we acve i Bouganve53 Accodg to the Ministr sinceh as oll unrest in ps ofSouha a NZ's pocians had t be a SoutPaic inteenon may have a wide mening. A photo capon in a newspaper cl showedtwo solrs on paol in a "town where issidens wn ovr some of he locals esidents to eiraus"53 n one nidnt n he mon-long miltary exeise a bomb fato as found in anold house The ensuing encoter ith te eney sa ee dissidents ead and at least Read Reacones lled by booby-aps53 Other houses were lso desoe.

Anoher newspaper po re the ollowig scenes f so of he acon: Road blockswih aed N solers protesrs insisng te Kis go home mock funels ad planned cononaons have bcome rouine sights in he Bham-Wst Melton eais week The acvi is p of te Ays biggest exercise is year ivolving about 500peonnel om he hre services in a test of te mlias abily to dea wh lowleelsecri heats Exeise vanho 0 has poject e province of Cnteb into a conaisland somewere in e Souh Pacic with NZ oops he at he request of e oclgovement encounterng hosity om dissident faconsH54

The pss repo connud Soldier m te Nor Islnd have been brought in o eara to ply h p of dissients Loal civilan volunteers have also been rcruit. S o

he Nor sland enemy soldiers e worng on local frms by day and crying out thesubersiv exrcise roles by night aid aism"4 An exercise spokesman said vano


13/28

Roadblock at Waiau by Scoion tanks. Ciilian vehicles wee checked b membes of theQueen Alexnda squadon, Wiouu Execise Ivanhoe 1990 Poo rdi Chch

r-. '"

Army exercie(The Pess 26 Mch 1990

I S - Jenny Easton (Mch 2 appeas to have delibeatelymsepesented a mility execise codenmed "Ivanhoe tkingplace Cantebuy As is uite usul the exeise is cred out ina puely hypothecal situaon. It is not based on New ZealandFoces invading nothe couny to put down a popul upising.The execise is designed to test mobilisaon nd deployment of theRey Reaction Foce comunications and logisc suppotSpecial emphasis has been placed on inteacting with the police and

othe civilian authoities nd an oppotunity is being tken to pefectbasic soldie slls which might be of vlue to ou egulpeacekeeping missions abad. As well as police paticipaon andin keeping with ou mutul ssistnce pogmme nd the egulaintechange of epesentaves thee smll contingents fomAuslia and Tonga tking pt It is notewothy that the execisehas the full suppot of locl esidents mny of whom havevoluntily given up thei own time to tke pt in the execiseYous etc

Pete Tapell

Ministe of DefeneMch 22, 1990


14/28

. w fuhe chnce fr he AmlY s h va uke pIxece cdud "cnvnn j ong ppn e. "Ude he exece e eeec ded Cnebu e h u ed den54 he ad diidnt, ee ee enyuned e dden One he d nt n he eece d NZde encue he ee v cd nd en e de e ed u bb 4 Peceee un n u ence? Th cu cea en-ened bu cne bvu eed eve neve Incden ncehe unuu eeece n he ee qued ve "rmd diidn. Theeee be ccun debee e decc den he ven e

T ce ed e ce n e vhe eece e eecebu de e he eece icuded vu Te Fce und n ce u n de 21h R un Reen Te d h he eece cce eve en cv ed ve ee ebu O nd Ne

eece n ve ee ee dun u d Mc ve uvuneecn cue d n hn he eece e e c dden d ebe6 eed he evu e' eece n de e he cb d eb e Red en ce Obeve e cc A

Vece chec S e e d c b b dde Beuedvehce e e ee n d u dd bu e be ude edud nevehee Eece

Poo rdi Chch


15/28

counes were presen 57 T exercise cost e y $8but budget resaints afected shoteing it by a week58 Fq he ppses of this latest eercise, the cen North Islnd anthe South Island beca myhica Pacc slands wh a cmmercia seatow brge nnarmy veices nd eld gus [om he foer isld to the later.59

The comander of he Ready Reacon Force Colonel Rck Otaway sd he was please

wih the recepon Tm people had gven the solders One of he exercise's operaon the cordoing off of a tow61 vilin pcipaon took an teesg tu wh one omanJoy owe a fmer, even ng an cle on h expeience f The Press.62 She heled te

rebel foces She was enthusiasc about it al - "Three weeks of the most excitng back-tochdhood adrenalipumpig advenes - sect meegs assassinaons and ambushe2However she dd come to idenfy wi the civin vcms of w and the rebels won hersympathy

Rady Ron n h : Problms, Challng n ProspctsThe psent goveents Whte Par on defence assessed the glob sategc n

t indicaed the incased lkehood of gona confcts "There w be a connuediffusion of power i he wold, d he ms that suppot it e the mjor powers wlconue to dominae, adual adjustments though he wng of technologica forces wiltend to dute her infuence Oppotnies wl emerge for oher stas to estabsh hegemonies Thrd Wod naons have creasng access to advanced mtr technoloand weapory whch wll aduy dimnish conl b the adionl powers With this wlcome pressures om developg counes for eordeng inteaona poca economic anmlitar agendas 5

Although he goeent no dubt wo be loah to t it in its e ters s as

evealngly explicit an aowledgement of impeasm as one could expect om such adoument. govemnt ecogs ha mlty power keeps he poor in eir place bthat thee owing heats to te stabiity ofhis system

f course, th icease dagers of jor regionl oi of spadg militarzaonof nucle proliferaon, of chaoc stability indeed seious rea enough conces foral of ud6 As wld pee auhiy D Frank Baby ssses unless we dscoverho to conol technolog and use it for beig puposes it will dsoy us6 The only way wecn conol technology is tough oderig the ineaonal economy to achieve a far morecooeav and euitable sg of the wods resoes accorig he eratves of

sustainabl development But is exactly wat US ad NZ policy is y agaist68 Socald devel ounies about perent of te wolds populaon, consume 8ernt of te wods dmnshg souces.6 Te Weste (and apanese) ulg elite wt tmaa ad extend s conoL

Yet creasngy divsions owng with Weste siees cludg NZThose who se themselves ented to he benes f civlizaon's "haves, lke Si amesEberle se uoe at begg) e ecomig more embaed ad corespondingly moebelligent at such racist bbsm ca be opey expssed shows the extent to hch teest mask of democray ad conce for h ghts is now ecomg detahed om hertal aliy undeah Revealngy, te key NZ goveent miser seems to publilyfEberle's predicted fut ole for ANZUS Tis is g i itself.

5


16/28

1 6 The eal enemy has always en e hrd World and the poor.0 LC Ready Racon is

designed f exble moble wa-ng on he wod's sg mllions Mlt emphasishas now openy shifted ths objecve.

"The eonomic counterrevoluo drected by the World B has been accompaedby the reorentaon of US foign polcy om he Communist Threat to the 'Threat the Thi Wor Snce it was rst culatd by the Presidenti

Comssion on Long-Tem Inteated Sategy n the dument Discrimnate etencin Janu 188 a consensus on he Thrd World as the sgic enemy has been oged the US natonal establshment And the US m scte is being ansfomed fom anucler-stegc one med at he Sovet Unon to one grd for urg nterventonin the Third World The new Contnment one rpsents a foign polcsipped of any ptense at idelism I is ment to legimz iterenon in uppr o counter-reoluon eonomc pms Intervenon will be directed at popumovements and populr upsings generd by the pan inicted by these progm new Contanment Dne' is also ment to ni Noth America round a eenemy to coner the rpid eosion of the cohesion of US siety as i is pp ts own concts and condcons ,,71

The Gulf r ctory hes expressd hs last-menoned component of ocne

Ready Reacton incorortes a owng role for US allies The Gulf r agin ilusatd

this "ng th 180 Brtn set up its own go anyhe nytmeT Wrld internonforce ,,2 Tis raid deployment long range force has pracced in Beze and an n ly1984 it simu!t an execise n which a iendly Aicn goveent aked for Btains hepto put don n nte rvoluon by sendng n Brish arboe oops". Some oheEropean cones have heir own foes for ret inteenon including Italy d Frnce'Force dcon Rapide (AR)72

M cooperaon progrmes among he whit Anglo-Sxon clb te ABCpos hae ben esally geed n recent years to land warfa in the low n ditensi range. Ths has been he result of a bte olicy desion by the BCA mies to

complement vic dpca the e of NATO whch has n ornd towrd delopngdne and taccs for hih leels of wf"3 O course as n the Gulf ReadyReacon/Rapid Deployment can we be dct o mdntensity wrf In fact ready


17/28

" reaorpd deployment is moig ngeousy tows a md-nens level as Thrd Worldregonl hats seen to emege.3 These powes nclude Irn Sya, Inda Norh KoeBrl nd Argentna

e Unted States should reoent ts forces nd adonl polces awayom almost exclusve conenaton on NATO to beer nuenc poltcomltay outomes n he souech and sagcaly lated Th Worldareas(Colonel James B Motley n Mta Revew J 985 p 9)

An acute ager es ponaly n the fact that lowntensy conct s not a bg prtmaker for he rms ndus because t does not use up large qunes of hghtech weapon74

Gven he ready abundance of such weapo there s kely to be a song propensty toescala to heavy power A deterorang mlst Amercn economy has to devse crselke that n the Gulf Such nteenon could gger nucler war especaly gven ncreasn

nuclear plfeaon

6

As well as he push by LIC publc relans pmlty unconvenonl warfare sbeng pomoted nsdously by a sm of publcaons whch my rse quesons as to heulmate source of sponsoshp and ndng n a number of cass To the CIA propagadathrough book publshng h long been a sussl techque (And at stement was

wren back 97) Soldier of Forune magne glamourzed the llng of culturallydfferent eoples, these A pubcaons advocate he alue to the West of egular warfresteges8 Operaon Phoexsyle mehods jused ronlized nd whteashed9

Dry w tecnques seen as beng demded by he vey naure of mode conc

Conong the 990 NZ's Redy Reacon Force has some pblems n commngeectve nervenon It s conceed about ts lack of defence nd aerl connssnceSeior coders say he abiy of he Force hs en wekened by pendng scons ondefence Sce he 987 Defence Revew he mly has been focusng on lowleveloperaons n te Souhest Pac what he repor descrbed s New Zelands rea of drectsategc conce 81 But equpment ecences lke observaon hecopters llegely affectthe Foe s ability perfom even s planned lowlevel le oncally money allocated forthe new gates sems to have been at he expense of he Ready Reconres

7


18/28

Anoher pblem given he lavey small size of NZs ed forces is the difficuty ocombinng ady reacon wih he capacity to wage wr on a convenon foong81 Inaddion he challenge of mnaining a more inendent capaciy, necessitated by NZ'snuclear-e snce has caed a very akward plnnng situaon, given the demands o sng to t into he amework of a much lrger llied eo. 82 The Naonal government hasfurther she efence deate wih is song proNZS bias obviously intendng to eadus back into he nucler fold63 A militst Ausian defence adviser, D Peter Jennings ha

cicized NZ's capabiies His ccisms a worth nong because they eect the tpicBA-per rguments to push NZ back into fll NZS membership 83 Pressing or NZ tget a much closer relaonship ih its NZS prtners Jennings said that the NZgovement must acknowledge it could not act alone to ght a counterinsugency wa in islands8 D Jennings is pbably rght nd NZs nterenon capacity would necessy talored to a jont milia paon The implcaons re cler Resisance to ZUS essenl to pevent or beng ragged into Weste Ready Reacon repression overseas

Terrorism SAS d Ddece

Terrorsm s idened as he most lkely exteal hreat o NZ tetoy 8 "Detern counteng terrist hreas rre specially ined and equipped forces at high states oreainss The NZ Defence Force minins counter-teorist eams within the SAS They eaned for fast, cover acon to disrm tersts The high sate of alert drng the tme ohe Gulf Crisisr ncas he Th orld terorist theat perceived by NZ'ssecriy/iiry cod

Accoring to Bgadir Brt Besc he ommnder, Land Force Cod (and SASincluding he count-terst nit which works ih he police), " .eosm is the weaon othe weak nd cwardly .. " "Any pson who uses teorist accs and clims by g innocenpeople [sic], that maiming dnappng and torure a he lemae act of a edom ghter is

simply mnipang he facts. A rist is a tst - perio nd to describe hem asanyng ls is bl."6 Since Special Forces re e "rty" wors d geg der, onemight ish Bescs deion of "eorism" to include este sponsored teosm like heCenl meicn deah squds d nucler se threats. But he N ed forces docine oeism is e simle s ersion: esm is what is done to us, not what we do toohers; our eorism is beign, heirs is evil We a he demrac eedom ghters; henemy a he unciilized envious "havenots" desribed by Sir Jes Eberle and GeneralMawell ayl Our mliary eism, when economc/polcal cove acon fails, thusensures or conol of he levers of pwer

Accoing to he US 990 "Naonal Seciy Stegy" issued b h hte Hous, irdorld hreats a evwhere and he main enemy is "insabiliy"74 is insaiy, of courseowes much to he fact that he West has consistently reus o fo he nteaonal orderHgh levels of consumpon, or a miliriscy oented dese fo high levels of consumpnconstute he riving fe nderlying he cenl economic feaure of imperiaism he desie torellocate esoues n an eploiave way on an ineaonal sale Curent Westeimperialis over energy nd oher sources was quite predicable87 he axis of world confcthas indee swng om East-West to Norh-South as the over-developed counes line up

aginst resorce-h but povery sicken Third Worldcounies. In prlamng is "new

world oer" President Bush eclred he end of he"Viem Synrome" (whih was th lack

of will for mliry inteenon in he Thrd World).88 The sad iny is hat the US is locked in

a resour wr synoe, when nstead it couldbe leading global iniaves for n equab,sustainble fuure89


19/28

Even in the Wes, however, e number of "haves" is shng Deterorang socio

9

econoc condons decnng owth, ncasng envonntal presss coud lead tooverwhemng unemployment nd mpovershment. Uban guerrilas hae been predcted forNZ For example such prcons have been made to he eect tat "NZ wll see urbanguerras n acon wthn he decade the economc nd social ls which beset he ast Coas(and pats of te Bay of Plen and Nland) a not ed"90 The fuue potenal f iolensoc conict nvolvng te SAS nd oer LC Ready Reacon Foce units should certy be

a major incenve f sive socoeconomic efom Already the terrost squad has beendeploye aganst crmnas wth e rent stormng of a Turng house91 nceasing violecrime is lkely to provi many me oppounes f g the n-terrist squadReacony dosc pocs prouces thee sial consequences Compeon for resourcewithn ou society is inmately lnk wth a source wr outlook toward our Tird Woldneighbours

So f as may aon is conce "Although e NZ SAS has not been deployedoperaonly snce Viem the unt emns at an eemely hgh state of operationalreadnes s 92 t mntns specal " with smilr foes n te Brish Auslian and USe seces ncluding the US Delta Fce a highy ve elte unit signed for ThdWorld g mssions92 The NZ SAS adon is obously ented to the ieam myt othe vaue of rregar afre a la Lnsdae and Sngub. A p also notes that, Talnwit fomer SAS sonne pus an ass-the-boa on for Stee [SeniJRabuka of Fjian coup fa"! is even n assaon of former SAS members n late7 more an 20f members of the SAS le NZ d about had joined theassoiaon93 The SAS unt at he me was about song92

Un e ANUS falout fo NZ the NZ SAS tk part n specil wae exercises in tePhilipines Ausan fence Deent dunts efe to hese exercises as comingunder he ANZS Taty "The Aus SAS egment has elped ain Fipino Special

Fors n abucon nd assassnaon tehniques durng such exises.94 This infoaonwas dslosed om ocumens obane une the Ausaan eom of nfn ct. Theassassnaon and aucon chnques as n he Phlpines we sim to the sor ofanng ng ven by US Se es to the Cona gas yng to oveow theNicauan goeen I s le at e me as NZ Say of efence M enis McLeaneven riz Mos and s my fr "not beg ugh enough on hs own people"95 ThisCold Wor is now NZ's Abassado to the S Menwhe te mudes of Flpinossidents connue inclung those perate by the pmiary vglantes backed by Scover nsgators.96 s ths tough enough MLean? One of he rones in he estabshmentof NZ's Ready Reacon e is McLean tellng the A-lnked Gegeton Uversis

Cene for Sagc and ntaona Studies that the faon of he Force id not signa anyagessive ntent97 Mems of Ray Cline' s Georgewn Unversity cene must have siledwith sasfacon

A most isubng aspect of Reay Reacon exercisng as aready indicated is theeaent of dissidence Rey Reones gulaly dea wi a lal popuaon divided inloyaly NZ las are ence nto playng he ole of "ssidnts".

The ue of he em diide i ideed m pui oe Accodig o mShoe Oxfod Diio diide imp oe who dige Thee i ohigo ugg io digme mode im diide h e m pomieppied i poii uge o he be wo d me i Rui who iedcommui ue I ge ue i mii iig execie ike Ih 'co he epeie chce of hi iig d deepe upicio o i


20/28

0 ppibiliy o ueled NZ o e fuure Pemkig o wrkig i wh NZ

d e world eed

It cannot be sssed enoug tat LIC g nvolves te psychologicl conditioning ofte public. Te intent of suc we gs f beyond just oveseas intevention; it is alsoected at genang suppo by "g ets and mnds" in te base coun wit an eye topossible use tee too I a view of Ivnoe 91 pacce in te Goden Bay a, Hel

Kingston obseed tat "te Amy was in fact oping tat te would be some loc potest:tey wnted to incopate it nto te exeise"98 Se notes tat in conast wit te lastexeise in te ea in 1987 te Ready Reacones "wee also involved quite openly indeling wt peacef civilan demonsaons and beng ned to dea wit te geneapublc 'in a way tat te publc nds acceptable 99 s aning involves distinguisingbetween ed insugency and peaceul potest But Helen Kingston petinntly pose tquestion as to wete suc ining is aimed at dealing wit iots o potests in o owncony given te widning wealt/ove gap Most assedly it is also so diected sobecve. (See Tapsells lete epoduced elie)

Pee ointed out tat e socalled sistance goups" gnized among e local

could well be called "vigilans deat squads o wose"99 Te caon of paailitay gouie te Salvadoean OE and te Fiipino igiltes und e umbela of civic action ocil defnce is ndeed an LIC stegy wt ominous oetones bot ee and aboad Tipivazaon o "civlianzaon" of coun-insugency as aen a ble uman tollspecially in Cenl AmecaO A oup of fo CIA oces te Associaon foResponsible Dissent eaded by Plp Roetnge estimates tat "at least illion ople vdied as a consuence of US coet oaons since Wold W Does tis please ou NZod Wrios?

Teoism is at te ce of ts couninsgency appoac. CIA and Special Focmanipulaon of etnic class and eonal divisions as spawned conict acoss te glbe

Tse edicons of ban geillas n NZ efed to ealie sould be kept in mind

Te est Secity elie long ben planning fo conngencies wic nclude intauest mes of tubulenc and dsnaon103 Recall Micael s idencaon ofban counte-insgency" a key component in Reaganite Ready Reacon sategy; and w


21/28

it "is now being rened fo use n other counes includng many n the indusialized wldthat lkely t expeence uban sorder n the yes ahead

?

Weste lt stegy h more nd more moved Ready Reacon and this has benreected in the development o NZ rmed forces e Naonal govement is ng to ae uurther wth its hite Paper pushng agessive Ready Reacon deployment to emotelocaons as n the recent war aganst Iraq Ofcial opposion to dssent and dissidents ove

Ready Reacon is not escted by ny means the Naon P I a teevision interiewhe pesent lead o the opposion M Mke Moo, assered that he is n aor o he milithavng the deah pnalty for asonlO He made cler he ss t needed for a new pe o wpoblem n the Pacic errorm involvement n some Pacfc Island state csis mighnvole dissent he at home Moo psented his rgument in a typically conused ashion buthe seemed t be saying such dssent mgh luence some o ou mlt. Since this could notbe tolerated the high cod should have he ight to shoot a ew soldiers i order tencorage the rest

oore efed dary o he possibl o certain people n NZ g to help thosewhom the Ready Reacones might up agins So ivded opinion in NZ evidenlneessitates the death penalty my moy seves me right e once sonded o abou possibilty of Muldoon sendng out the specil fces hunt down dissidnts Mayb giventhe nature of polics it mght be Mke himself one day giving the ordes. Again, we see thelkelihd of nteenon overseas leadng to pression of nteal dissent Mie's mind hasnot only been nsnaonalized by the mulnaonals but militrized as well by LCpopagnda

Phaps one comforng aspect of NZ IC aning is that the Red Coss has beeninvolved in seeing the Geneva Convenons applie But is ths possible cooptaon"? TheN goveent ra the two ddionl Protocols to the Geneva Convenn in Feb

1988 The Protocols rlate ghts of cins n nteal conict and to situaons wheredissint foces orate alongside cians oen the ce n gela wrfre Although NZhas raed the oto!s some of he major powers such as the US have not yet done so Iate Mrch [989J Ausia lso led to gin racaon of these important documents .

,107

The Golden Flce exercise tested out ese Protocols n the eld w serous wllcommient to them be in e yers to come

So ar as Ns Ready Reacon prepedness goes the Budget cuts have huAbout 33 soldiers will nser m Bm to the North Island, leaving 750 to 800 soldersat Bam, acg to the commander of the Ready Reaon orce Colonel Rik

Oaway e Force' s hedqutrs movng om Christchuh to Linton hee the stBattalon become the c of he Foce a funcon preiously pefoed by the Bbased 2-18( B attlion Other unts o the Foe lso movng noth Budget Defencespending cuts have eecvely chopped t Deence foes vote by 8%. Such cut reducehe credibility of our deence role p of a Weste llied force It is to be hoped that hsmight eventuly encouage NZ look at mo consucve oles in helping deal ith coctsin he southwest Pacic

Conluion

If e fashions of counter-insgency including LIC come and go, the bic paerems the same. Similarly ese milit plannng to co with mogenvronmental consaints gs qute a way back I 96, in a speech at the annual general


22/28

meeng of he Reed Sevce Aiaon' Dominion Council, he hen Minier ofDefence, McCready, cized he advocae of neuaiy. He aed, We co be urewh eec growig oer-ppulio prsure o he world' rource d he eewideig gp bewee he deeloped d udeeloped courie will he i he qurer of wh i lredy he m urbule ceury i our hior 1 10 Mliistreacionarie do no o change he fuue for he beer. They plan o defend he a qo owealh and power Forei inier Don McKinnon aid Eberle role for ecury cele omewhee in he ue Bu n aliy he goveen ha been prepring for fo

wover a decade

No only mu we rei he ANZS e o ready reacon, e mu be aer o dgeof Aualian miiy advenuim Wih incaing miiaon Auala i becoming oreoue-war mnded A cun exmple i i inenon of invegang way of boonPapua New Guinea defence peence in he eoucech highlad region whe Alcompanie have abou $A billion in inveen112

Anyi of he developmen of he NZ Ready Reacon Foce demonae eprschracer I one ene he eoe war ha lrey long been pa of he ee ado

noher wih he muu of enviomenl awene Ready Reacona aegy h openemerged o become a leading force I may oon become he domin force A lde noreouce a i a ejecon of any preence a he democa, ciilized vlue deceino he on eah prhap hd' a evoluony gap

Bigdier Bec ha declaed ha Ivanh 1 in no way reemble ay apec of eGlf a I fac he wo were inmaely aoiaed 13 Elewhere, Beic ha called fo beer infomed defence debae14 He ueon he aegic emphai on he SouhePacic "Our w ae foo ou ade roue", he ay81 ublic debae need o cononhe uon of weher he conumer iey demand ue ar ave lie on he ie of

our rece exaon. Le debae indeed begin ou vey humaniy, he value worh livngb, aat stake. Iwe ftovercome he esoue mentiy it ill as inevitably desoyou ie om ihin a any "enmy" wou om wihou

STOPP NG T HE WAR ST THE TH R D WORLD

Thoh the rk o a lear rmaeddo ha he, thepea oeet anot relax: The Petao lang r araant the hr ad ar ad trad people o th Thrdorld

- T Progrssve, Januay 18P box 54615Boulder Colorado 803214615USA


23/28

1 Te Press 28 Febuy 1991

Reference Not

Micael are. 1981 Beyond the Vietnam Syndrome: US. Interventionim in the 8stitute for Policy Sudes Wasgto, DC p. 22

3 For Gulf eo: Ii especially caters 3 ad For IC fer to lare's Behind Deert Storm, The New Military Paadigm Tecoo Reie Ma/Jue 91

28-36 Te Press 16 Februa 1991 Iva oloy 1988 A Legcy othe Reagan Doctrine Low Intenity Conict i

Itesity Coict eoy d Pacce i Cetrl Ameca ad Soteast Asia" ed BCrr ad Elae cKa. La robe Uiversity Istitute of La Ameri Stdies MoahUiversity Ce of Souteast Asia Sdies pp 919.

6 Erique Delacr Aida Joa ad Jorge mauel 1987. Death Squad in the PhilippnesAllice for Pilippe on. p 37

7. Molloy opcif p. 13 .8 Ii p. 19 Delac pci10 Brry Cr. Low Intenity Conlict. i C d cKay (se f. ) opci 93 A Nai. 198 Behind the Death Suad. Te Progressie ay pp 02912 Ii p. 23.13 Ii p. 21 1 Jo Stevo. 1989-90 Ugly American Policy and the Myth of 'Magic Man L

Tese Times 20 De 19899 J 10 p 181 oci Alog wit te e pressive couter-isurcy campa agast the

ellio was also maaged by e Joit S Mtary Advisory Group JSMAG) EqueDeacr et a opci p. 7; for post acos era see ref 16

16 Rmsay Ralp McGeee et al. 1987 Right-Wing Vigilante and US InvolvementReort of a USPhilippine Factindng Miion to the Philipine ay 0-30, 1987 p See also Walde Bello USSponored LowIntenity Conict i n the Philipine ood Fi

Developmet Re No. 2 e Isute for Food ad Developmet Poicy eember 1987Bello empaizes te idlogclical sagy of S-spored U i te ilppies project a remist mage t i te Lsdale-Magsaysay aHuk cmp ad te Aqioa-New Peoles Ay campa.

17. e cGeee repot refe te acvies of Siaub ad Clie at vaous pit. Seealso oug nm Singlaub Rnit hi own Arm in the Philipine, Te ioReporer Spg 1987 p 67.

1 8 oreig orrespoe 1 1 3 Ap1 19919 occif; ad America Sret Soldier The Buildu of US Specal Oration orc Te

ese ir vo XV . 198 p. 9 Ceter for Defese Imatio as .C B198 ISA was ow to ave ady orated i ome caaciy or oer i a umber of coutes

0 For example oreig orrespoe Tl 23 ay 1 A BBC rrt o ow US asreatedy raed te Ks dsclosed t a IA radio stao i Saud rbia ad iciKurdis revol e foer ead of CIA operaos i e Guf egio (1986-190 VietCai complaied at US policy ad used te Kurds for is ow eds.

1 Te Sesm 2 Nov 198 repduced i Nuer-ree Scial ssue CIA rat Newad? J 198 is issue d e October 198 IA scia issue are relevt e curtartle

2 Rap McGeee 1990. The Indonian Maacre and the CIA oer Ac ItoBue No , Fl 1990. 7.

23 Ii: see also Pee Resercer Nos 13 18, 19 82 Ral McGe! 1983 Ddiy Deceit My 5 Year in te CIA. Sed qu ub

8 Allie The White Houe, the CIA and Autralia ocmetary Deis Sm State Terrorim Peceik No Juy 1986 p 6 Wiliam Blum. 1986. The CIA A Forgotten itory S Intervention ince Wold a U.

Zed Books L pp 127 I p


24/28

24

28 The San Francisco Exiner, 20 May 02 Major GJ Clayton, compler Nw Zaland Army A Hory om h s o h s

p 1 late 55 a Btype squadron of the Scial Air Serice (SAS) was foed oracon n Maysia drng e so-caled "Emeency e N took pat in he Koe Wr bths was much more a convenonal are

30. Rpor o h [NZ] Mnry o c or h yar ndd March pp 3033 Ii 1

32 The Press 2 Apil 8533 See vaious ares n Peaceik Nos 36 43 46 83 . Klare Byond h nam yndrom, Opcif p 6735 layton, ocif p 17636. Thomasurll Young 11 hhr Fuur US Allanc Sra? Th ABCA Clu

orces an Socie Vol 7 No 2 er pp 284285 An aside on Youg: i mto note that he fers "pas, ou sous accsos 1eeled at NZ's membership n efora by some peac searchers' n hat coy" (see p 23 & 27 in Whhr) i included eace Researcher No 5 84 pp 4 Young is a naonal secity is n e Stegc Stdes nste, US Ay ar Colege Carlsle, Pensylvia

Ii p 8138 Klare, Bond h Vam Syndrom, opcit p 63 Ii pp 8- Kla nalysed later veon o Reaganist couter-nsurgency i ow

Inny Warar CounrInurgnc ProIngncy, and nTrorm in hEgh, Klare and eter Koblh, eds Pantheon Books 1 recent yeas dictor and assoate pfessor of the Fie ollege Progm in Peace and orld Secuit Sdbased at Hampshre College n Amers!, Massachuses

40 Dence Review [], 83. p 28.4 1 The Press 16 Sept 8342 Peaceik No 5. Nov-Dec 83. p 143 The Sr 8 ov 18244 The ress 8 Sept 18345 Delacr, et al, opcit p 35.

6 i p 364 Te Sta 2 Nov 84.8 The Star 1 84 h Sar 28 Jn 85 The ress 1 n 85 The ress 27 8.52 The Press 6 Feb 183 The Star 2 March 1054 The Pess M 0SS The ress 20 eb 156 Te Mail Weend Aug 0 The Press 16 Feb 1; The Press 26 eb

7 The Chch ail arch 199158. ; The ress 16 eb ; Another media repot sid the execise cost $1 ilion - The a12 e 1 91

5 The Press I6 The ress 8 Feb 6 he Sta 2 Feb 1162 The Press 3 Apl 63 nc o Nw Zaland A Polcy Papr Go hite Par p 23265 Ii p 2466 D Frk Bb, ed 88 Th Gaa Pac Ala Sial no h hrd Mlnu P

Books6 I p 568 s on e mltary n US and N wo together n rade/economi negoaons, seci

the GAT to rpr the Third old See, for exmple rter's par overei thStgge for Suival The Traonal eat to Sstnablty, ood Secuty d Human


25/28

Rghts", pnted at the Pac Instt of Resou Magemt (PIRM Semnr oEnvnmn Economcs, nd Eqt Wlgton, 5-6 Jy, 1991. (Colctd pps o publshed by P See as wtr's arcle on the Wte dve towrds soc w i NZEvroet No. Sr 198. pp 26-32

69 Steven Shbm Te nvironmenta ot of Free Trade uatoa oMah 1990. pp. 20-22.

70 Nom Chomsky Nefaiou Aggreion Zagaze Ocobr 190. pp 182971.

alden Bllo Roing Back dependence Thrd Wod Gude 91/92 Istto dl TMundo, 19. p. 98.72 Ben Jackson overty and te anet A Quetion of Survia Wod evlopmnt

p 172. S s chapter 7 Wr of Worlds)73 Young opt p 28674 Le Fenste Figting te Next War other Joes -Augst 1990 p. 35 75. Phlp Agee. roducing te roper rii eaek 89 Mah 1991 pp 4-1076 Joseph Geson ed 1986 Te eady onnection Nucr War and S Intervention

Socty Publsher77 Vctr Mhet and Jon Maks 1974 and 1976. Te IA and te ut of Integene

Coront Boks p 20378 Se for exple Kevn Geus 185 Vietnam Te Seret War Bson Book o L

gloss, colour coff tbl oks n e Bson mlta seres7 Te Green Beret S Specia Force om Vietnam to eta orce Vad Milt

Seres Vllard Book, 198680 he hh a 1 1 Mah 1918 1 A feat acl b Nel son on Exese Ivoe, he ress 3 pl 1918 Geg y lked at e qson of wm we may hav to ght he Star 7 Fb 19868 he omo Su mes 4 Mah 1991; for Jnngs se rvew of s AZUS k

eae Reseaher No 22 Mrch 1989. pp 8-9.84 Polc aer opt see ref63 p 85 73-.86. Inteew wth Bgader Bc by Ron Taylor, he Star 6 Fb 1991.

87 Aan Hodg 1977. Te no of roan Imriim. WW oon and Co p 988 oam Comsky N Word Order he Avst Aprl 191. k Staudr. od Orderand ord conomy n Ra atea Rot Vol 8, No 191 p 4-6. n Mlr Froan at-Wet od ar to a Nort-Sout Hot War a Wor o. 19 My 1991. pp 2Jo Plger Ne Ae Imperiaim e Statea a Soe 1 Mh 991 enter rDefense Ifoman Miitarim in meri he ee otor ol. No 1986acim and te Nationa Surity State vert Ato Iomato Buet o 6 Spng1991. New Wod Order Tunn at te nd of e Ligt. C o 37 Sr 1991

89 eer for efense fomaon Rource War Te Myt of American MineraVunerabiity he ese or ol X No 9 1985.

n ac b Ron Tlor ws pblems n t Ea Coast aa ncludng Ruator he Sa

Su 23 c 190. See also eae Researher No 19 J 1988. p 61 hh Sr 6 August 11.2 Su Sr 13 Sept 1987. A look at th NZ SAS b To McRae n lght of a ook on th SAS

Dare to Win b Amerc fomer r forc n al Baker, helpd b foer BtihSAS man wth servc n Rhods

93 he Star 21 Sept 1987.94 he atoa mes 28 Feb - 6 March 1986. p. 3 s , b covr cton nesgor B

Toohe, s a vealng nsght nto cn ANZS mplcaons95 Own Wkes I Deni McLea t t o NZ Ambaador to te S eaek No 90 Ap

191 p 166 Human Rigt Vioation in te iippine under te Aquino Govement Rport to te

nited Nation ommiion on Human Rigt Jan to Marc 99 submttd b Plpne Allnce of umn Rght Advocates (P AA See so Amnest IntaoRepos

97 he ress 25 Jun 198498 ln ngston eaction to te Ready Rection Force.eae No 92 June 191 p 24


26/28

6

99. b p 21 b; Mo lice-ike operaons a an on acowldged consquence of the Olvl

scenario, The ess 3 Api 11 and Kobluh te grs to democracy of empasis on poicizaon of th pubc and diberate dceit by LIC managers (Low InnConc pi p. 1-16)

101 chal McClinck 198 T Amrcn Connon Vo. I S Trror n PoprRnc n Svor d Vo. : S Trror n Popr Rnc n Gm

Zed Books S esciay is ssssment of te ag of countr-nsurgncy in o! , Chapt McClintock, a senior mmr of Amnesty Intonal's Rsarch Dvision spe vyea on is sd drawng extensively on previousl stcted US goeent documen

Peraps the most sict new sct ofLIC is tt it idenes Trd World insugnas the most pdomnant tat to US secuty, and t mphas is on taking the oensiv toveoe te voluo lar and Koblh, Low Inny Conc i

1. Colan McCart. xc of CIA. The Guin 20 Dec 198710 Kar Byon nm Synrom pi 2 sident Cars Scrtary of f

Hald Bon, placed emasis on uing globa trbunc" Note th srss on counn"nstabiit" n urrnt US saegic pg

104 wn Wkes W Ppr Gv Grn Lg or No p ; "WPapr" fe to f 63

1 Hmes Shw TI, 1 Jun 198916 Re ss ews Issue 2 1989 pp. -1 bi p 61 The ess I August 19119 The ess 7 August 1111 The ening s 1 June 1976 For an nvironmentaly awa and humanely cncd

during is e, se W. Whieston, Povr, War and th Envnmnt", andelopmental Aid and Envionmntl Prssus in MR. Stson, d. 197 Nw nn Gob coogc C Inst Intea. Ai, ic Milbu. p 11-13

1 1 1 Erles stamnt aut ANZUS gives a ral insigt into the ng of the Wst miltaete Unl cny, Ebrl was hd of te Brish Roya Ite for Intationa fsbougt he, azng noug, b e Pblic Advisory Comittee on Disaramn nd ontol ( eeink No 9 Augst 1 p 2

1 The ss 13 Augst 1911 1 The ess 1 6 Fb 1991114 The ess 3 Apil 1991 The S 6 Feb 1991.


27/28

ABC/CCAlPeace esarcherHave new Computer

Tnks to PACDAC nd our Peace Forum, te AnBases Cmp CmpgAanst Foren Conl of Aoteaoa and ac Rsarchrhave a new computer syste ep us cr out te mad stasca, researc and wrn tasks that we underke u peme. A ant for $ven b PAAeace Form pvded te impets t u tsstem.

Havn a fast computer wth a commodous ad dsk and a nce prnter wi mpv hespeed of producon o ts joa I te past t as been cut and me consug compose and prnt usn ncompabe and some anquated e, 5eas d) sstems ew achne as been used d snce ts rrva Membes of a tree oups wis tACDAC nd te Crstchrc Peace Form f hepn us uprade our rdwe s

sncant.

We proms not to te proessve environment wt masses o etteruitpnted paper Or mottos Rduc Rus and Rcl andrnt only pond phy and prspcuous pros for h pad-up subscrbr

APLGY - Once an ac Rsarchrs ver ate. We expect to pubs No 30

s usn arces tat were dspaced b the speca ce Tose w pa for 199suscpons w ae recevd ter four ssues ts o 29 ou ave not aread dneso pease renew for 19911992 wt te coupon beow Tnks.

Tme to Rene Subscriptionso Peae Reeahe

Pulshed snce 1983 ac Rsarch needs our suppor to connue ts workSubscron for four ssues per er:12 pr er n ew Zeaand; Z$20 per er Ar Ma to Ausaa 2 per ea AMa esewhere

Nam__Addre

SubpioDooTo E:

$

Send to:ac Rsarch PO ox 2, Lncon Unvet Caterb Z.Thank yu u


28/28

Date post:	30-May-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	lyndaboyd
View:	226 times
Download:	0 times

Peace Researcher Vol1 Issue29 Aug 1991

Documents