byWayne E. King and Marcel Lewinski
PEARSON-------
AGSGlobe
Shoreview, Minnesota
Contents
How to Use This Book: A Study Guide xxii
Skills Handbook xxx
Early Civilizations: Prehistory - A.D. 1570 xxxviChapter 1 Prehistory: The Time Before Written Records 2
Lesson 1 The Meaning of History 5Lesson 2 Why We Study History 7Lesson 3 The Way Historians Work 9Lesson 4 Prehistory 13• Chapter Summary 21• Chapter Review 22
Chapter 2 The Ancient Middle East: 5000 B.C. - 600 B.C. . 24Lesson 1 The Sumerians 27Lesson 2 The Akkadians and the Babylonians 31Lesson 3 The Phoenicians and the Hebrews 35• Chapter Summary 41• Chapter Review .42
Chapter 3 Middle Eastern Empires: 800 B.C. - 330 B.C 44Lesson 1 The Assyrians 47Lesson 2 The Chaldeans 51Lesson 3 The Persians 55
'- • Chapter Summary 61• Chapter Review 62
Chapter 4 Egypt- The Gift of the Nile: 3100 B.C. - 30 B.C 64Lesson 1 The Nile River 67Lesson 2 The Old Kingdom 69Lesson 3 The Middle Kingdom 74Lesson 4 The New Kingdom 76Lesson 5 Gifts from the Egyptians 80• Chapter Summary 85• Chapter Review 86
World History Contents iii
Chapter 5 Ancient India and China: 6000 B.C. - 206 B.C 88Lesson 1 Ancient India 91Lesson 2 The History of Ancient India 94Lesson 3 Hinduism 97Lesson 4 Buddhism 100Lesson 5 Ancient China 103Lesson 6 The History of Ancient China 106• Chapter Summary 113• Chapter Review 114
Chapter 6 Ancient Greece: 2000 B.C. - 323 B.C 116Lesson 1 Early Civilizations of the Aegean Sea 119Lesson 2 The Greek City-States 122Lesson 3 Athens 124Lesson 4 Sparta 126Lesson 5 War Tests the Greeks 128Lesson 6 Greek Cultural Contributions 132Lesson 7 Alexander the Great Spreads Greek Culture 137• Chapter Summary 143• Chapter Review 144
Chapter 7 The Roman Republic: 753 B.C. - 27 B.C 146Lesson 1 Early Rome 149Lesson 2 Rome Becomes a Republic 151Lesson 3 Rome Expands Its Boundaries 154Lesson 4 The Republic Faces Problems 157Lesson 5 The End of the Republic 160• Chapter Summary 165• Chapter Review 166
Chapter 8 The Roman Empire: 27 B.C. - A.D. 476 168Lesson 1 The Age of Augustus 171Lesson 2 Governing the Roman Empire 174Lesson 3 The Rise of Christianity 177Lesson 4 The Fall ofthe Roman Empire 181Lesson 5 Rome' s Contributions to Civilization 183• Chapter Summary 189• Chapter Review 190
iv Contents World History
Chapter 9 Civilizations of the Americas: Prehistory - A.D. 1570 192Lesson 1 In Search of the First Americans 195Lesson 2 Early Southwestern Cultures 198Lesson 3 Early Regional Cultures 202Lesson 4 Early Civilizations of Mesoamerica 208• Chapter Summary 217• Chapter Review 218Unit 1 Summary 221
Regional Civilizations: 320 to 1630 222Chapter 10 The High and Late Middle Ages: 1050 - 1500 224
Lesson 1 The Church During the Middle Ages 227Lesson 2 Feudalism 232Lesson 3 The Manor 235Lesson 4 Culture in the Middle Ages 239• Chapter Summary 245• Chapter Review 246
Chapter 11 The Byzantine Empire, Russia, and Eastern Europe:500 - 1547 248Lesson 1 The Byzantine Empire 251Lesson 2 The Russians 255Lesson 3 Europe During the Middle Ages 260• Chapter Summary 267• Chapter Review 268
Chapter 12 Africa and the Spread ofIslam: 570 - 1596 270Lesson 1 The Rise ofIslam 273Lesson 2 Islamic Civilization 277Lesson 3 African Kingdoms 282• Chapter Summary 291• Chapter Review 292
Warld Histary Cantents v
Chapter 13 The Spread of Civilization in East and Southeast Asia:320 - 1630 294Lesson 1 India 297Lesson 2 China 301Lesson 3 The Mongois Conquer China 305Lesson 4 Japan 307Lesson 5 Japan Develops Its Own Culture 310Lesson 6 The Tokugawa Unify Japan 315• Chapter Summary 319• Chapter Review 320Unit 2 Summary 323
Early Modern Times: 1348 - 1800 324Chapter 14 The Renaissance: 1348 - 1600 326
Lesson 1 The Troubled 14th Century 329Lesson 2 The Spirit of the Renaissance 331Lesson 3 The Renaissance Begins in Italy 334Lesson 4 Renaissance Literature 338Lesson 5 Great Renaissance Artists 341• Chapter Summary 347• Chapter Review 348
Chapter 15 The Reformation: 1415 - 1650 350Lesson 1 People Challenge the Church's Authority 353Lesson 2 Martin Luther Leads the Reformation 355Lesson 3 Luther Starts His Own Church 358Lesson 4 Protestant Ideas Spread to England 360Lesson 5 John Calvin Organizes a New Religion 363Lesson 6 The Catholic Reformation 366• Chapter Summary 371• Chapter Review 372
Chapter 16 The New Science: 1540 - 1750 374Lesson 1 The Development ofModern Science 377Lesson 2 Copernicus 379Lesson 3 Galileo 382Lesson 4 Isaac Newton 385Lesson 5 Other Early Scientists 387• Chapter Summary 393• Chapter Review 394
vi Contents World History
Chapter 17 Beginnings of Our Global Age: 1450 - 1650 396Lesson 1 Europeans Search for New Trade Routes 399Lesson 2 Exploring New Lands .401Lesson 3 The Spanish Conquer Two Empires in America406Lesson 4 Spain Establishes Colonies in America 410Lesson 5 The Growth of the Slave.Trade 413Lesson 6 The Results of Exploring and
Establishing Colonies 416• Chapter Summary 423• Chapter Review .424
Chapter 18 The Age ofKings: 1519 - 1800 426Lesson 1 The Rise ofNations 429Lesson 2 The Rise and Fall of Spain 432Lesson 3 English Monarchs Struggle for Power 437Lesson 4 England Rejects Absolute Monarchy 439Lesson 5 Absolute Monarchy in France 444Lesson 6 Russia and Prussia Produce Strong Monarchs .. 448• Chapter Summary 453• Chapter Review .454Unit 3 Summary 457
Enlightenment and Revolution: 1687 - 1850 458Chapter 19 The Age of Reason: 1687 - 1789 460
Lesson 1 In Search ofNatural Laws .463Lesson 2 New Theories on Government 465Lesson 3 The Influence ofEnlightened Thinkers 469Lesson 4 Enlightenment Ideas Influence Artists 474• Chapter Summary 479• Chapter Review .480
Chapter 20 Revolutions and Napoleon: 1775 - 1815 482Lesson 1 Revolution in the American Colonies 485Lesson 2 The American Revolutionary War 488Lesson 3 The French Revolution 493Lesson 4 Revolutionary Reforms and Terror in France .. 496Lesson 5 Napoleon and the French Empire 500• Chapter Summary 509• Chapter Review 510
Warid Histary Cantents vii
Chapter 21 The Industrial Revolution Begins: 1750 - 1885 512Lesson 1 The Industrial Revolution Begins in England .. 515Lesson 2 The Growth of the First Modern Industries 519Lesson 3 Transportation Improves 524Lesson 4 Industry Brings Change and Problems 529• Chapter Summary 537• Chapter Review 538
Chapter 22 Revolutions in Europe and Latin America: 1814 - 1850 540Lesson 1 Congress ofVienna Meets 543Lesson 2 Nationalism Becomes Powerful 546Lesson 3 Wars for Independence in Latin America 548Lesson 4 New Revolution and Reform in Europe 553Lesson 5 The Year of Revolutions-1848 557• Chapter Summary 565• Chapter Review 566Unit 4 Summary 569
A New Global Age: 1840 - 1914 570Chapter 23 Nationalism: 1840 - 1914 572
Lesson 1 Nationalism 575Lesson 2 Growing Nationalism in Italy 577Lesson 3 The Unification of Germany 580• Chapter Summary 587• Chapter Review 588
Chapter 24 Imperialism: 1840 - 1914 590Lesson 1 Imperialism 593Lesson 2 The Effect of Imperialism on Asia 596Lesson 3 The Effect of Imperialism on Africa 600• Chapter Summary 605• Chapter Review 606Unit 5 Summary 609
viii Contents World History
World Wars and Revolutions: 1905 - 1945 610Chapter 25 World War land the Russian Revolution: 1905 - 1919 612
Lesson 1 The Causes of the War 615Lesson 2 The War Years: 1914 -1918 617Lesson 3 Making Peace 623Lesson 4 World War I Changed the World 627Lesson 5 Life in Czarist Russia 629Lesson 6 Russia Moves Toward Revolution 632• Chapter Summary 637• Chapter Review 638
Chapter 26 Nationalism, Revolution, and TotalitarianismAround the World: 1911 - 1939 640Lesson 1 Russia Becomes the Soviet Union 643Lesson 2 The Soviet Union Under Stalin 647Lesson 3 The Fascists Gain Power in Italy 651Lesson 4 Nazis Gain Power in Germany 654Lesson 5 The Chinese Begin to Build a Modern Nation .. 656Lesson 6 Military Leaders Take Over in Japan 659• Chapter Summary 663• Chapter Review 664
Chapter 27 World War Hand its Aftermath: 1939 - 1945 666Lesson 1 The Causes ofWorld War H 669Lesson 2 Fascism Threatens Other Countries 672Lesson 3 Axis Successes in Europe and Asia 675Lesson 4 The Tide Turns in Favor of the Allies 680Lesson 5 The Holocaust 685Lesson 6 The Results ofWorld War H 688Lesson 7 The United Nations 692• Chapter Summary 697• Chapter Review 698Unit 6 Summary 701
World History Contents ix
The World Since 1945: 1945 - Present 702Chapter 28 The Cold War: 1945 - 1991. 704
Lesson 1 The Cold War Begins 707Lesson 2 Conflicts Between Superpowers 709Lesson 3 Reforming the Soviet Union 713Lesson 4 Europe Experiences Great Change 717• Chapter Summary 725• Chapter Review 726
Chapter 29 NewNations Emerge: 1946 - 1999 728Lesson 1 Many African Colonies Become Nations 731Lesson 2 Israel Becomes a Nation 737Lesson 3 India Gains Its Independence 742Lesson 4 The Struggle to Control China 745Lesson 5 Vietnamese Wars for Independence 748• Chapter Summary 753• Chapter Review 754
Chapter 30 The Developing World: 1950 - Present. 756Lesson 1 African Nations Face Many Challenges 759Lesson 2 The Middle East Remains in Conflict 762Lesson 3 Asian Countries Face Economic Challenges 768Lesson 4 Latin America Struggles to
Overcome Problems 772• Chapter Summary 779• Chapter Review 780
Chapter 31 The World Today: 1990 - Present 782Lesson 1 Energy and Technology Create
a Global Village 785Lesson 2 Global Trade and Economic Development 793Lesson 3 Sodal and Environmental Challenges 797Lesson 4 The Threat of Global Terrorism 803Lesson 5 Looking to the Future 806• Chapter Summary 811• Chapter Review 812Unit 7 Summary 815
x Contents World History
Glossary 826
Index 842
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 858
Biography
Louis and Mary Leakey 11Solomon 37Zoroaster 57Hatshepsut 76
Confucius 109Herodotus .131Cleopatra 161Claudius PtoIemy 172Pachacutec Inca Yupanqui. 212Saladin 231Olga 257Sonni Ali 287Taizong 302Niccolo Machiavelli 333Jaeob Amman 368Margaret Cavendish 390Amerigo Vespueei. 418Cardinal Riehelieu 447Maria Theresa 472Abigail Adams 487Adam Smith 517Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla 550Marie Curie 584Leopold 11 602Grigori Rasputin 631Anne Frank 685Jomo Kenyatta 734Aung San Suu Kyi 770Stephen Hawking 792
xii Contents World History
History in Your Life
What Can You Leam From Bones? 10
The Story of Gilgamesh 29
Farming Along the Nile 75
The Huang He, Sweet and Sour 105
A Gift From the Muses 133
Math-and Music, Too 140
The Buried City of Pompeii 173
What Year Is It? 156
Visiting Anasazi Treasures 201
Leaming the Latin Language 242
The Kremlin 259
African Metalworking 284
Gunpowder 304
The Bubonic Plague 330
Disks for the Eyes 357
The Original Mother Goose 386
Pass the Pepper, Please .403
Sailing Ships 436
Fake Science and Mirac1e Cures .464
A Song for the Revolution 501
Child Labor Laws 530
Romanticism 547
The World's Largest Country 646
Hitler and Lebensraum 687
The Jet Age 722
"Made in Asia" 746
Baseball Around theWorld 776
What Will a Dollar Buy? 796
World History Contents xiii
Humans Leam to Say "Hello" 14
The Rosetta Stone 73
Our Legacy from Latin 162
Borrowed Words 281
A Romantic Nove1 from Japan 314
Newspapers Are Bom .340
The Incan Empire 409
Telegraph Provides Instant Communication 532
Reading with Fingertips .561
The Wireless Telegraph 578
Breaking the Enemy's Code 676
Your Phone Is Ringing 786
Technology Connection
Early Earthquake Detection 107
The Byzantine Dromon 264
TheMen Who Made Temperatures 381
Mark Seguin and his Suspension Bridge 518
The Wire1ess Telegraph 578
German U-boats 620
xiv Contents World History
Then and Now
A Human's Best Friend 8
''An Eye for an Eye" 33
Reading Signs in the Stars 53
The First Solar Calendar. 82
Buddhism, Yesterday and Today 102
The Olympic Games 136
Echoes ofRoman Rule ···· .153
Roman Technology 185
How About aGame ofBasketball? 214
Chess, the Game of Kings 238
I Didn't Know There Was a God Named Tuesday 261
William Shakespeare .339
Origins of the Lutheran and Presbyterian Churches .356
The Scientific Method 378
Navigating at Sea 405
Modern Monarchs 431
An Enlightened Government .468
Independence Day .492
Railroads 528
Photography 556
Vatican City 579
The Color Khaki 595
The World War I "Doughboy" 621
The Russian Orthodox Church 633
Dictators 650
The Nuclear Age 684
The Mariinsky Theatre 709
Jerusalem 741
The "Tourist Capital of Peru" 774
"Space: the Final Frontier" 788
World History Contents xv
Writing About History
Writing a He1p Wanted Ad 11Writing a Code ofLaws 38
Writing a Newspaper Artide 53
Writing a Personal Letter 78
Writing an Essay 92Writing a Personal Letter 127
Writing a Speech 153Writing a Poem 174
Descriptive Writing 196
Descriptive Writing 238Writing a News Report 263
Research and Label a Drawing 279
Writing a Haiku or Tanka Poem .310
Writing a List. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 332
Interpretive Writing 359
Writing About a Scientific Experiment. .382
Writing a Conversation .406Writing a Speech .449
Writing a Comparison .471
Writing an Epitaph .505
Writing a Research Report " 531Writing an Essay .545
Writing an Opinion 578
Writing a Speech 601Writing a Personal Letter. 619
Writing a Biography 645Writing a News Story 652
Writing a List 670Writing a List. 694
Writing an Editorial 720
Writing a National Anthem 748
Writing About Your Time Period. '" 801
xvi Cantents Warld Histary
World History Contents xvii
SpotlightStory
Spotlight Stories
The Search for the Truth 20TechnologyMoves Ahead .40The Babylonian Captivity 60Burying the Dead , .. , .84Family Ties 112
Greek Mythology 142Life in Rome 164Women in GreekandRoman History 188Lady of the Lines 216Unlucky King lohn and the Magna Carta 244How Russians Became Christians 266Farming in Africa and Oceania 290The Taj Mahal 318The Hundred Years'War .346The Harsh Life of German Peasants 370The Importance of the Clock .392Diseases in History 422Playing the Fool 452In Defense ofWomen's Rights .478Another Kind ofHero 508Hard Times and Charles Dickens 536Dressing for Success 564Bismarck's Kulturkamp .586"Dr. Livingstone, I Presume?" 604Death at Sarajevo 636Marx Was Wrong 662The Dauchau Concentration Camp 696Fall of an Empire 724The Spinning Wheel and Salt- Weapons of the Indian Revolution 752Themes in History 778Some Ideas for Alternative Energy 810
xviii Contents World History
Map Skills
Skeleton Finds 3
Ancient Mesopotamia 25
The Middle East and Surrounding Areas .45
Ancient Egypt (c. 3000-2000 B.C.) 65
Geography of China and India 89
Ancient Greece 117
Italy 147
The Mediterranean Region 169
Early American Empires 193
The Crusades 225
Charlemagne's Empire 249
Where Muslims Live 271
Three Asian Giants-China, India, and Japan 295
Renaissance Europe 327
Reformation Europe (1550) 351
Early Scientists (1540-1720) .375
Toscanelli's Map (1474) 397
Spain 427
Notable People (1687-1789) .461
France 483
The British Isles .513
South America 541
Unification ofItaly (1858-1870) 573
Imperialism 591
EuropeDuringWorld War!. 613
TheDeve1opmentoftheSovietUnion 641
Aggression in Europe and Asia (1930-1940) 667
Europe Divided 705
Africa 729
The Middle East 757
World Hunger 783
World History Contents xix
Kingdoms ofMesopotamia 34
Phoenicia and the Hebrew Kingdoms (c. 900 B.C.) 36
The Assyrian Empire .48
The Chaldean Empire 51
The Persian Empire 56
Wind Currents in Egypt 68
Early River Valley Civilizations 92
Ancient India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 96
Ancient China 110
The Persian Wars 129
Empire of Alexander the Great. 138
Peoples of Ancient Italy (550 B.C.) 150
Carthage (265 B.C.) 155
Roman Expansion to 100 B.C 158
Roman Empire (c. A.D. 235) 176
The Spread ofChristianity (c. A.D. 325-600) 179
Byzantine Empire Under Justinian 253
Early Russia (c. A.D. 1000) 256
Viking Raiding, Trading, and Colonization Routes (793-1000) 262
Spread ofIslam (A.D. 632-750) 277
Early Kingdoms of Africa 286
The Mogul Empire (c. 1690) 299
Japan (c. 1200-1600) .309
Trade Routes from Asia to Italy 336
Early European Explorers .402
xx Contents World History
African Slave Trades .415
European Colonies in the Americas .419
Hapsburg Land (c. 1560) .434
The English Civil War .440
Major Battles of the Revolutionary War .490
The Napoleonic Empire 504
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain .516
Canals in New York (1840) 525
Europe in 1815 544
Independence in Latin America (1825) 551
Unification ofGermany (l865-1871) .583
Europe Before World War 1. 626
Europe After World War I 626
Europe atthe End of 1938 649
World War II in Europe 677
World War II in the Pacific (1941-1945) 682
Europe After World War II 689
Spheres of Influence in China to 1911 .597
Korean War (1950-1953) 711
The European Union 721
Independence in Africa 732
Israel in 1967 739
SoutheastAsia 750
Major World Economic Groups 795
World History Contents xxi