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HistoryTreaty of Rome (1957)
Signed by the Member states ( Called asFounder Members
Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,Luxembourg, Netherlands
Achieve a Single European Market
For Four Freedoms of the following:
People ---Finance---Services----Goods..
6
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FEW MEMBER JOINED THE UNION,
Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland in 1973
&
Greece in 1981
10
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The New Approach (1985)
Resolution passed by the Member states
General requirement to be achieved
Directive to address Essential requirements
The manufacturer decides the method:
based on the directive
conformity assessment module
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FEW MEMBER JOINED THE UNION,
Portugal & Spain in 1986
&
Austria, Finland & Sweden in 1995
15
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Pressure Equipment
Directive Published in the Official Journal of the
European Communities
No. L 181 dated 9 July 1997
Available from The Stationary Office
Remove technical barriers to trade withinthe EEA related to pressure equipment bythe harmonisation of the laws of MemberStates
New construction, 1st time putting intoservice /market requirements..
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KEY DATES
Adoption - 29 May 1997
Transposition - 29 May 1999
Entry into force - 29 Nov 1999
Mandatory - 29 May 2002..
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BIGGEST EVER BUNCH JOINED THE UNION,
in May 2004
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic,Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Malta, Cyprus
25
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European Free Trade Association
Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, Switzerland
25 + 3
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European Economic Area= European Union +
European Free Trade area
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Candidate States
Rumania - Applied in 1997
Bulgaria - Applied in 1995
Turkey - Applied in 1987
25+3+3
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CE MARKING IS MUST FOR FOLLWING 22GROUPS OF PRODUCTS
Appliances burning gaseous
fuels
Cableway installations to
carry Persons
Low voltage electrical
equipment
Construction products
Equipments & protective
Systems used in potentially
explosive atmospheres
Explosives for Civil usesHot Water boilers
Household refrigerators &
freezers
Lift
MachineryMarine Equipment
Medical Devices
Active Inplantable Medical
Devices
In vitro DiagnosticMedical
DevicesNon-automatic weighing devices
Radio & telecommunications
terminal equipment
Personal protective equipments
Simple pressure vessels
Pressure equipment
Recreational craft
Toys
Trans European conventional rail
system
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THE PRESSURE
EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE..
97/23/EC
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Scope
The Directive (No. 97/23/EC) aimed atharmonising regulations across Europe forthe design, manufacture and conformity
assessment of pressure equipment andassemblies with a maximum allowablepressure (PS) greater than 0.5 barg (= 7.25psig)..
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Definitions
Vessels
Piping
Safety Accessories Pressure accessories
Assemblies..
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Vessels
A housing designed and built to containfluids under pressure including its directattachments up to the coupling point
connecting it to other equipment. A vesselmay be composed of more than onechamber..
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Piping
Piping components intended for thetransport of fluids when connectedtogether for integration into a pressure
system..
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Safety Accessories
Devices designed to protect pressureequipment against the allowable limitsbeing exceeded.
safety valves, bursting discs, etc...
pressure and temperature switches, levelswitches that operate a shutdown orcorrection system..
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Pressure Accessories
Devices with an operational function andhaving pressure bearing housings.
valves
expansion bellows
pipework fittings/flanges..
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Assemblies
Several pieces of pressure equipmentassembled by a manufacturer to constitutean integrated and functional whole.
Does not apply to equipment assembledon site by, and under the responsibility of,the user..
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Exclusions from the Directive
Pipelines outside premises or installations
Pressure tunnels for hydroelectric installations
Simple Pressure Vessels
Aerosols
Equipment for vehicles covered by EC Directives
Weapon systems and firearms
Items designed for use in the nuclear industry..
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Exclusions from the Directive
Oil/gas drilling equipment upstream of theChristmas Tree
Casings or machinery where the main design
considerations are strength, rigidity and stability
Equipment for the production and casting of steeland non-ferrous metals
Enclosures for high-voltage electrical equipment
Pressurised pipes for the containment oftransmission systems..
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Exclusions from the Directive
Pressure equipment consisting of a flexible casing
Exhaust and inlet silencers
Bottles and cans for carbonated drinks for finalconsumption
Vessels designed for the transport anddistribution of drinks
Equipment for the transport of dangerous goodsin accordance with the ADR, RID, IMDG & ICAO
conventions
Radiators and pipes in warm water heatingsystems
Ships, rockets, aircraft & mobile off-shore units..
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Exclusions: contd...
Equipment which is classified no higherthan Category I also covered by thefollowing Directives:
Machinery 89/392/EEC Low Voltage 73/23/EEC
Lifts 95/16/EC
Medical Devices 93/42/EEC
Gas Appliances 90/396/EEC
Explosive Atmospheres 94/9/EC..
Cl ifi ti
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Classification
Four categories & sound engineering practice
(SEP) dependant on the level of risk.
Category IV being the highest, SEP lowest.
Classified in nine tables in Annex II by:
type of pressure equipment
pressure, volume or nominal diameter
fluid Gas/ liquid (Group I & 2)..
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Classification - class of
fluid (67/548/EEC) Group 1
explosiveextremely flammable
highly flammableflammablevery toxictoxicoxidising
Group 2others
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PRODUCT CATEGORY
Based onVolume
(liter)
SteamGenerator
nominaldiameter
(DN)
State ofcontents
Gas Liquid Gas Liquid
Fluid
group
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
Table 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
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VESSEL TABLES
Vessel for Group 1 gases
Vessel for Group 2 gases
Vessel for Group 1 liquids Vessel for Group 2 liquids..
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Table 1 -Vessels for Group 1 Gases
0.5
200
1000
SEPI II III
IV
PS=1000
PS=200
1 100 1000 1000 V(l)
10
100
PS=0.5
V=1
bar
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Table 2 -Vessels for Group 2 Gases
0.5
1000
3000
SEPI II III
IV
PS=3000
PS=1000
1 100 1000 10000 V(l)
10
100
PS=4
PS=0.5
bar
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Table 4 -Vessels for Group 2 Liquids
PS
0.5
1000
SEP
I
II
PS=500
1 100 1000 V(l)
10
100PS=10
PS=0.5
I
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STEAM TABLE
Steam Generators..
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PIPING TABLES
Piping for Group 1 gases
Piping for Group 2 gases
Piping for Group 1 liquids Piping for Group 2 liquids..
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Table9 -Group 2 Liquids (diameter)
1 10 100 1000
0.5
1
10
100
5001000
DN
PS = 0.5
PS = 10
PS = 500DN=
200
PS(bar)
I
II
SEP
10000
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Classification
Multi chambered vessels are classifiedaccording to the highest chamber category.
Equipment that can contain several fluidsis classified according to the fluid thatrequires the higher category.
Safety accessories are classified as category
IV, unless specific to an item of pressureequipment of a lower category..
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Manufacturer chooses one conformity
Assessment module based on category
Category Module
I A
II A1 D1 E1
III B1+D B1+F B+E B+C1 H
IV B+D B+F G H1
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Directive Requirements
Satisfy Essential Safety Requirements
Compile a Technical File
Follow appropriate conformity assessmentroute
Place CE marking on equipment
Issue Declaration of Conformity..
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Essential SafetyRequirements
Detailed in Annex 1 of the Directive
Mandatory
Must be addressed where a hazard existsunder operational or reasonablyforeseeable conditions
Requires some form of Risk Assessment toestablish relevant hazards..
E ti l S f t
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Essential Safety
Requirements
Design
Manufacture
Materials
Testing
Marking and Labeling
Instructions..
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Standards
No requirement to use any particularstandard - only to comply with theEssential Safety Requirements.
CEN have been given a mandate by theCommission to prepare standards thataddress the Directives requirements.
These Harmonised Standards may not beavailable until about the time the Directivebecomes mandatory..
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Design
Design for adequate strength based onappropriate loading
Design must incorporate appropriatesafety factors
Design must be based on either:
calculation method
experimental method..
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Design
Safe handling and operation
Means of examination
Means of draining, venting, filling anddischarge
Corrosion, wear and chemical attack
Protection against exceeding allowablelimits..
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Design
Safety Accessories must be:
Reliable and suitable for intended duty
Independent of other functions Pressure limiting devices must prevent the
max. allowable pressure beingpermanently exceeded
Temperature monitoring devices musthave adequate response time..
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Design
Additional requirements also apply to:
Fired or otherwise heated equipment
Piping..
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Example - Factor of Safety
97/23/EC: 2.4
ASME IV: 5
ASME I/ VIII Div. 1: 4, 3.5
ASME VIII Div. 2: 3
Above values are generally consideringUTS, where yield strength governs it maybe different..
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Manufacturing
Manufacture must be by appropriatetechniques and procedures
Joining (welding):
Must be of equivalent strength as parentmaterial
By qualified personnel
Qualified procedures
Approval of procedure & personnel to becarried out by Notified Body or recognisedthird party for cat II, III and IV equipment..
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Manufacturing
Non-destructive examinations must becarried out by qualified personnel,approval for category III & IV to be carried
out by Recognised third party. Heat treatment, if required, must be
applied at the appropriate stage in the
manufacturing process..
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Manufacturing
Final Assessment:
Visual inspection of equipment
Document review
Proof pressure test
Inspection of safety devices..
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Manufacturing
Operating instructions must includerelevant safety information on:
Installation
Putting into service
Use
Maintenance..
M t i l
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Materials
Suitable for intended use and lifetime
Certified and traceable
Must either:
comply with a harmonised standard be subject to a European Approval for
Materials by a Notified Body
be subject to a Particular Materials Appraisal( for Cate. III & IV this to be carried out by
the same Notified Body involved in
conformity assessment)..
Materials for construction
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Materials for construction
Harmonised
No
Particular appraisal
European approval
Yes, use straight way,
None available now
For category I , by the
manufacturer For category II,
III, IV by the Notified Body
Yes, use straight way
very few material
available
No
Material
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Materials
Main pressure-bearing parts of equipmentin category II, III & IV must have either
Certificate of specific product control
where the material manufacturer has an
appropriate quality-assurance system,
certified by a competent body..
Materials for construction
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Materials for construction
Must have
certification
where the material manufacturer has an appropriate quality-
assurance system, certified by a competent body
e.g., ISO 9000 certification.
Certificate of specific
product control
e.g., EN 10204 3.1 C
Material for category II, III &
IV
or
either
ASME Materials
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ASME Materials
Harmonised
No
Particular appraisal
European approval
Yes, use straight way
(None yet)
For category I , by the
manufacturer For category II,
III, IV by the Notified Body
Yes, use straight way
(Some material)
No
Material
f
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European Approval for
Materials Issued at the request of a manufacture(s)
of material or equipment by a NotifiedBody.
NB reviews documentation defining thecharacteristics of materials which are notcovered by any harmonised standard.
NB advises Member State, the NotifiedBodies and the Commission - published inOfficial Journal..
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Specific Quantitative
Requirements For equipment with risk of overheating
and piping
Safety factors to be applied for: Allowable stresses
Weld joint factors
Pressure surge
Hydrostatic test pressure..
Allowable stresses
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Allowable stresses
Ferritic steel the lower of:
2/3 Ret or 5/12 Rm
Austenitic steel:
if elongation > 30%: 2/3 Ret
if elongation > 35%: 5/6 Ret or 1/3 Rmt..
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Joint coefficients
100% NDE : 1.0
Random NDE : 0.85
No NDE (visual only) : 0.7..
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Hydrostatic Pressure Test
The test pressure must be the greater of:
P = 1.25 x (fa/ft) x PS
orP = 1.43 x PS..
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Technical Documentation
Volume in Litre 1 US gallon = 3.785 l
Temp in deg. C C = (F-32)/ 1.8
Nominal size (mm) for piping in DN
Pressure in bar ( 1 bar = 14.5 psi)
Mass in kg ( 1 lb = 0.4536 kg)
Power in kW, Energy in J (1 ft.lbf = 1.356 J)
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Technical Documentation
The technical documentation must:
Demonstrate the conformity of thepressure equipment with the Essential
Safety Requirements of the Directive.
Address the design, manufacture andoperation of the pressure equipment.
Be retained for ten years after the last dateof manufacture..
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Technical Documentation Contents
A general description of the equipment
Conceptual design and manufacturingdrawings
Details of any standards applied
Results of calculations etc.
Test reports..
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Technical Documentation Contents
Details of tests and inspections duringmanufacture
Joining and NDE qualifications and
approvals
Details of the Quality ManagementSystem..
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DESIGN DATA FROM
VENDOR
DEPOSITORY
CERTIFICATE FROM
CUSTOMER
DRAWINGS
DESIGN APPRAISAL FROM NOTIFIED BODY
DESIGN CALCULATIONS AS PER
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
PARTICULAR MATERIAL APPRAISAL
HAZARD ANALYSIS
INSTRUCTIONMANUAL
MANUFACTURING & PURCHASING
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Graphite
Fabrication
Steel
Fabrication
Purchasing
Bought-outs
Permanent Jointing
procedure &
Qualification
Imperviousness Test
Reports of
Components
Material Heat chart
Material Heat Chart
Production Test coupon report
Weld Coupon, Permanent Jointing
procedure & Qualification
Radiographic layout & reports
Visual Inspection Reports
Pad test report
Material Heat Chart
FINAL ASSEMBLY
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FINAL HYDROTEST & DIMENSIONAL REPORT BY US
FINAL INSPECTION REPORT BY LLOYDS
RUB OFF STAMPING & PHOTOCOPY OF NAME PLATE
AS BUILT DRAWING
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY BY US.
FINAL DOCUMENTATION
FINAL INSPECTION REPORT BY LLOYDS
CE CERTIFICATE BY NOTIFIED BODY
Design Documents Instruction Manual
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Conformity Assessment
Based on Council Decision 93/465/EECModules
Choice of modules depending on category
ranging from:
self- certification;
third party inspection, by Notified Body;
quality assurance;
combination..
PRESSURE EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATION
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PRESSURE EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATION
AND CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
PS > 0.5bar
Excluded from PEDAnnex A
PED does not apply
PED does not apply
NO
YES
YES
Type of PE
NO
AssembliesPressure AccessoriesSafety Accessories
Vessel Steam Generator Piping
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STEAM GENERATORS
CategorySEP
IIIIIIIV
Module (Annex E)Sound Engineering Practice
AA1, D1, E1
B1+D, B1+F, B+E, B+C1,HB+D, B+F, G, H1
Choose the required module for the categoryZ
Determine conformity assessment category
Determine PS (bar) and Volume (L)
Chart 5
From accessories
and assemblies
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PIPINGDetermine state of
fluid contentsY
Group 1
Gas
Chart 7Chart 6
Group 2
CategorySEP
IIIIIIIV
Module (Annex E)Sound Engineering Practice
AA1, D1, E1
B1+D, B1+F, B+E, B+C1,HB+D, B+F, G, H1
Choose the required module for the categoryZ
Determine conformity assessment category
Determine fluid group
Determine PS (bar) and nominal size DN
Group 1
Liquid
Chart 9Chart 8
Group 2
Determine fluid group
From accessories
and assemblies
PRESSURE ACCESORIES
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PRESSURE ACCESORIES
The nominal size DN and the volumeare equally appropriate
Compare the output category starting from X,
with that from Y and take the higher category
Go to Z
The nominal size DN ismore appropriate the volume
The volume ismore appropriate the DN
Go to X
Go to Y
Yes
Yes
No
No
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SAFETY ACCESSORIES
Classified in the samecategory as the
equipment it protects
Manufactured forspecific equipment
Yes No
Choose a module
from Category IV
Choose the required module for the category
CategorySEP
IIIIII
IV
Module (Annex E)Sound Engineering Practice
AA1, D1, E1
B1+D, B1+F, B+E, B+C1,H
B+D, B+F, G, H1
Z
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ASSEMBLIES
Assessment of each item in the assembly accordingto its category
Assessment of the integration of its componentsagainst sections 2.3, 2.8 and 2.9 of the Essential
Safety Requirements as determined by the highestcategory applicable to the items.Other than for safety Accessories.
Assessment of the protection of an assembly against
exceeding the permissible operating limits asreferred in sections 2.10 and 3.2.3 of the EssentialSafety Requirements
Go to Z
C t I
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Category I
A - Manufacturers declaration
Notified Bodys involvement notrequired..
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Category II (Any one module)
A1 - Manufacturers declaration withmonitoring of final inspection
D1 - Production quality assurance: ISO 9002
E1 - Product quality assurance: ISO 9003..
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Category III (Any one block of modules)
B1 - Design examinationD - Production quality assurance (ISO 9002)
B1 - Design examinationF - Product verification
B - Type examinationE - Product quality assurance (ISO 9003)
B - Type examinationC1 - Monitoring of final inspection
H - Full quality assurance (ISO 9001)..
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Category IV (Any one block of modules)
B - Type examination
D - Production quality assurance (ISO 9002)
B - Type examination
F - Product verification
G - Unit verification
H1 - Full quality assurance (ISO 9001) withdesign examination and special
surveillance of the final inspection..
NBs Involvement
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Category I - No NB involvement
Category II - QA Approval orSurveillance by NB
Category III - Type or design Exam. and
surveillance by NB or QAApproval
Category IV - Type Examination andverification by NB or QAApproval (plus additionalrequirements)..
Sound Engineering Practice
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g g
applies to equipment with PS or V or
diameter below specified thresholds
design and manufacture in accordancewith sound engineering practice of a
Member State must have adequate instructions for use
manufacturer must be identified
no Notified bodys involvement
does not have CE Marking applied..
C
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CE Marking
The CE marking must not be smaller than5 mm.
The CE marking must be accompanied bythe identification of the notified bodyinvolved at the production control stage..
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CE Marking
Must be accompanied by name and address of manufacturer
year of manufacture
identification (serial no, batch...) essential min./max. allowable limits
Any information or warnings necessary
for safe operation..
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Declaration of Conformity
Name and address of manufacturer
Description of equipment or assembly
Conformity assessment procedurefollowed
Name and address of any Notified Bodies
Reference to any EC Certification..
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Declaration of Conformity
Harmonised Standards applied
Other standards applied
Other applicable EC Directives Particulars of person signing declaration..
S f C
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Safeguard Clause Member State may withdraw or prohibit
placing on market, putting into service oruse of equipment bearing CE mark andused as intended, which it considers
unsafe.
Member State must advise Commission ofmeasures taken, with reasons.
If justified: Commission consults withparties concerned. If not: all MemberStates and specific manufacturer advised
of findings..
Conclusion
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Conclusion
The Directive will be law in all MemberStates
Manufacturer will be responsible forcomplying with the Directive
The Directive aims to harmonise existingsafe practice
The Directive requires set documentation
Apply common sense