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Pedagogical applications of corpus data for English for General and Specific Purposes
Pascual Pérez-Paredes Universidad de Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum
Université Catholique de LouvainFIAL (conférence ouverte aux chercheurs et étudiants): Mercredi 4 décembr 12h45 (local ERAS 56).
Pedagogical applications of corpus data for English for General and Specific PurposesUniversité Catholique de LouvainFIAL (conférence ouverte aux chercheurs et étudiants): Mercredi 4 décembr 12h45 (local ERAS 56).
perezparedes.blogspot.com
Outline1. Background: corpora2. The SACODEYL- BACKBONE approach
at a glance3. Getting down to annotating
1. Backbone Annotator: download and installation
2. Texts and CMT 3. Guided annotation
1. BACKBONE2. Specific purposes: LADEX
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Corpus
Principled collection of texts representative of a given language or reprsentative of a particular language domain. -Language research purposes-Applied purposes: teaching, learning, dictionary making, testing…
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view.byu.edu/corpora.aspsacodeyl.inf.um.es/sacodeyl-search/
webapps.ael.uni-tuebingen.de/backbone-search/
Corpora in language education
ReCALL special issue: Researching uses of corpora for language teaching and learning . Boulton & Pérez-Paredes (2014).
-Indirect uses: Thorndike and Lorge’s Teacher’s Word Book of 30,000 Words (1944), West’s General Service List (1953), or Gougenheim (e.g. 1958) and colleagues’ work on the Français Fondamental-Cobuild work led by John Sinclair (1987) Routledge Frequency Dictionaries Coxhead’s Academic Word List (2000) Martinez and Schmitt’s (2012) Phrasal Expressions List
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TaLC Lancaster 1994
(1)computers and storage at the time were improving dramatically;
(2) there was a new interest in authentic data and usage in language education; and
(3)there was a consensus that learners were adopting new, more active roles in their learning process.
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Imagine …..today
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•Braun (2005, 2007): pedagogically motivated corpora
(a) provide a more systematic range of material than individual texts or scattered collections of activities and, if well-designed, (b) offer a wider range of idiolects than the average material.
Braun (2006) : thematic annotation, including topic keys and section titles, are particularly useful in the implementation of pedagogically motivated corpora
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•Pérez-Paredes & Alcaraz (2009)For the time being, the natural corpus playground
continues to be tertiary education. Our motivation:CL in the language classroom. The resulting annotated corpus can be seen as
being integrative of language data and annotated pedagogy.
Pedagogy can be annotated and, subsequently, accessed by corpus users.
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Linguistic analysis of interest in FLT
------>Linguistics comes first
------->DDL materialsConcordances
and corpus Researcher/Linguist
End user
What is possible..(Alcáraz and
Pérez-Paredes2008)
•Pedagogical analysis (and annotation) of language corpora
------>Pedagogy comes first
------->Pedagogy-driven
DDL
•Pedagogical analysis (and annotation) of language corpora
------>Pedagogy comes first
------->Pedagogy-driven
DDL
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Material developer/Teacher
/ LearnerEnd user
What is feasible..(Alcáraz and
Pérez-Paredes2008)
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Corpus
LanguageData
Annotation
Language
Metadata
Pedagogy
www.um.es/sacodeyl
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sacodeyl.inf.um.es/sacodeyl-search/
webapps.ael.uni-tuebingen.de/backbone-search/
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•Default annotation tree has been developed by the teachers & researchers in SACODEYL
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What categories does this defaultcategory tree contain ?
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TopicsGrammaticalLexicalStyleCEF Level….
Annotator friendly GUI
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Multilanguage
•Supports a real multilingual annotation
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Outline1. Background: corpora2. The SACODEYL- BACKBONE approach
at a glance3. Getting down to annotating
1. Backbone Annotator: download and installation
2. Texts and CMT 3. Guided annotation
1. BACKBONE2. Specific purposes: LADEX
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What is XML TEI format?▫TEI Text Encoding Initiative▫This is a format for storing corpora▫Has been promoted by OTA
(Oxford Text Archive)▫Is a continuously growing format (more
than 50 versions released yet, currently TEI P5)
▫Is rapidly spreading among the available tools
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TEI Tools (Research)
•TeiPublisher“This tool is a XML-based repository thatallows the publication of TEI corpora to thepublic community and offers a search tool.”
•Dexter“This is other annotator tool that used TEI as the format for the annotated files.”
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TEI Tools (Research)
•Oxygen XML Editor and XMLSpy“These are XML Editors that allows the
modification of the TEI files without any limitation”
(These are complex for non-advanced users)
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TEI Tools (Research)
•TAPoR (http://portal.tapor.ca/)“The Text Analysis Portal for Research (TAPoR) is a gateway to tools for
sophisticated analysis and retrieval, along with
representative texts for experimentation.”
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TEI Tools (Research)•TokenX
http://www.unl.edu/libr/etext/tokenx.shtml
“Is a text visualization, analysis, and play tool”•WordHoard
http://wordhoard.northwestern.edu/userman/index.html
“Is a tool for annotating or tagging texts by morphological, lexical, prosodic, and
narratological criteria and for determining frequency
information”
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TEI Tools (Research)
•XAIRAXAIRA (XML Aware Information Retrieval Architecture) is an open source tool for constructing high-quality linguistically-motivated search interfaces to large collections of XML documents.
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•The XAIRA search
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TEI Tools (Classroom)
•A more interesting orientation.
How I can use the Annotation in the classroom?
Backbone Search Toolwww.um.es/backbone
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Outline1. Background: corpora2. The SACODEYL- BACKBONE approach
at a glance3. Getting down to annotating
1. Backbone Annotator: download and installation
2. Texts and CMT 3. Guided annotation
1. BACKBONE2. Specific purposes: LADEX
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Download BACKBONE Annotator + Install + CMT config
http://www.um.es/backbone/
Pérez-Paredes, P., and Alcaraz-Calero, J. M. (2009). Developing annotation solutions for online Data Driven Learning. ReCALL 21, 55..
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How do I create a corpus?
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How can I add a new document to the current corpus?
1. Add document …
2. Select the text format/encoding
3. Select the new document
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What does the text format mean?
•Mainly 4 text formats are supported:▫Plain text (written) .txt▫Oral text in Backbone Transcriptor format▫Oral text in SACODEYL Transcriptor format▫XML text in TEI standard format (text in special XML files)
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What does the text encoding mean?
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This is the form in which the text is stored (related to the Multilanguage).
(In Windows ANSI by default)
Selecting the text to annotate
• Select a document and annotate it
1. Open document…
2. Select the document
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Information shown in the working document
•Section Number•Applied Categories to this
section (Annotations)•Speaker (only in oral text)•Transcription
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What is a section?•Is a stretch of text that is “whateverly”
motivated.•A fragment that could be useful in
whatever context•A section can be established in any kind
of text (oral and written) with the insertion of the special char (#) for division of texts into sections.
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Intuitive Annotation Process•Drag and Drop to Annotate a Section
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What is a Keyword?
•“… [a] keyword is a stretch of language (a word, more than one word or a whole paragraph) that the annotator associates to a category…”
Pérez-Paredes and Alcaraz, ReCALL, 2009 Vol 21. (1)
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What are Keywords? •BACKBONE Annotator supports the
annotation of keywords•Just select text and apply a category by
right-clicking
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Selective View
•Offers a selective view of the information in order to facilitate the organization.
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Section title•Drag and Drop the special
“Title” category to the desired section.
•The title is rendered by a tool tip when placing the cursor
on the section. (No tool tip = No title)
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Extensible annotation•Supports customization
of the annotation
•User can add his/her own annotation taxonomy or remove any annotation category
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How can I add a new category?
▫Select the parent category. (i.e. Topics)
▫Press Add Cat. Button.▫Fill in
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How can I remove a category?
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Select the category to remove (i.e. Topic)
Be careful …All the associated children
will be removed alsoAll the annotation with the
tags will be removed alsoPress Delete Cat. Button.
How can I reorder the categories?
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Select the category to reorder (i.e. Topic)
Press Up Cat or Down Cat. to move it.
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How can I customize a category?
Select the category to customize (i.e. Topic)
Press double click
Can I manage metadata?
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What if I find mistakes?•Supports edition of the inserted texts.•Uses XML TEI standard for encoding
corpora.
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Integration
•Backbone Annotator is integrated with▫Backbone Transcriptor▫Backbone CMT▫Backbone Search ▫SACODEYL VRP
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Resource Management•Offers
enrichment of text with external resources
• i.e. html links, videos, audios, etc.
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Where is the information stored?•Remember: All the information is store in one file. The corpus file which you have created.
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Corpus
LanguageData
Annotation
Language
Metadata
Pedagogy
Make your corpus collaborative
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Make your corpus collaborative
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Make your corpus collaborative
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Outline1. Background: corpora2. The SACODEYL- BACKBONE approach
at a glance3. Getting down to annotating
1. Backbone Annotator: download and installation
2. Texts and CMT 3. Guided annotation
1. BACKBONE2. Specific purposes: LADEX
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Backbone
•Pedagogic Corpora for Content and Language Integrated Learning. Insights from the BACKBONE Project. The EUROCALL Review, 20, 2, September 2012
•Kurt Kohn, Applied English Linguistics, University of Tübingen (Germany)
http://eurocall.webs.upv.es/index.php?m=menu_00&n=news_20_2
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webapps.ael.uni-tuebingen.de/backbone-search/
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Outline1. Background: corpora2. The SACODEYL- BACKBONE approach
at a glance3. Getting down to annotating
1. Backbone Annotator: download and installation
2. Texts and CMT 3. Guided annotation
1. BACKBONE2. Specific purposes: LADEX
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Specific uses: Legal-administrative language and immigration
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This project aims at filling the existing gap between the linguistic studies combining legal language characterisation and the cultural and social implications of immigration, from a multilingual angle (English, Italian, French and Spanish).
The project will contribute to the definition of the immigrant in each society, encouraging the debate on solidarity from a linguistic perspective.
Our starting point is the compilation, tagging and annotation of a multilingual corpus comprising a collection of representative documents used in immigration (UE and non-UE citizens), issued by the different Public Administrations and institutions in Spain, UK, France and Italy, ranging from 2007 to 2011.
• 1. Compilation and organisation of legal-administrative binding documents for immigrants in all the countries involved.
• 2. Contrastive analysis of all those terminological, phraseological and discoursive aspects which can help us shape the cultural identity of administrators and immigrants.
• 3. Multilingual study of the legal-administrative language analysed in the research corpus textual typology.
• 4. Contrastive characterisation of the foreign user and cultural implications.
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•LADEX Annotator (Multilingual automatic tagging) + Manual collaborative annotation
•http://www.um.es/languagecorpora
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Annotation Aim•Why are you annotating?•What is the purpose of your annotation?•What use are you giving to your
annotation?
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Discussion and debate
•Pedagogical annotation vs. Morphological tagging paradigm
•Learner-centered vs. Researcher-oriented•Indirect applications of language corpora
vs. Direct applications•Constraints of traditional CL in the
languagge classroom
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Discussion and debate
•Cognitive demands of traditional CL in the language classroom: learner as a reseacher and as a traveller
• Is CL an extra hassle in language classrooms? (Mauranen 2004)
•Customization of language corpus/collection of texts
•Mediation role of corpus-based resources in the FLT classroom
•Authenticity issues (Widdowson)
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References and further reading• Braun, S. 2005. “From pedagogically relevant corpora to authentic
language learning contents”, ReCALL 17/1:47-64.• Braun, S. 2006. “ELISA - a pedagogically enriched corpus for
language learning purposes”. In Corpus Technology and Language Pedagogy: New Resources, New Tools, New Methods, Frankfurt M: Peter Lang. (eds) 25-47.
• Braun, S. 2007. “Integrating corpus work into secondary education: from data-driven learning to needs-driven corpora”. ReCALL 19/3: 307-328.
• Mauranen, A. 2004.” Spoken - general: Spoken corpus for an ordinary learner”. In How to Use Corpora in Language Teaching, Sinclair, J. McH. (Ed), 89–105.
• Pérez-Paredes, P. and Alcaraz, J.M. 2009. “Developing annotation solutions for online data-driven learning”. ReCALL,21,1, .
• Römer, Ute. (2008). “Corpora and Language Teaching”. In Corpus Linguistics. An International Handbook, Lüdeling, Anke & Merja Kytö (eds.). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
• Widdowson, H.G. 2003. Defining issues in English Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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