Pediatrics Physical and psycho-motor development of children of different age groups

IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL IVANO-FRANKIVSK NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY

CHAIR OF CHILDREN’S SURGERY AND CHAIR OF CHILDREN’S SURGERY AND PROPEDUTICS PROPEDUTICS OF PEDIATRICSOF PEDIATRICS

Physical and Psycho-motor Development of Children of Different Age Groups. Principles

and Methods of Assessment of Physical Development of Children. Semiotics of

Physical and Psycho-motor Development of Children.

PLAN OF THE LECTURE Indications of physical development of mature and

premature child. Objective laws of increasing the mass and length of

the body, chest and head circumference in different age periods.

Semiotics of physical development disturbances. Notion about acceleration and deceleration. Psycho-motor development of children in different

ages. Semiotics of psycho-motor development disturbances.

Physical development (PD)is a dynamic process of growth (increase of the

mass and length of the body, different parts of the body) and biological maturation of the child in one or another period.

Physical development is a sum of morphological and functional signs of the organism, characterizing the height, mass, the shape of the child’s body, its morpho-structural properties.

Physical development World Health Organization (WHO) considers physical

development of a child as a summing indicator of the condition of health of a separate child and a population, and indications of physical development of early age children as a criterion of assessment of social-economic development of a definite region or a whole country.

WHO considers monitoring a physical development of early age children one of the most effective measures, carried out by medical workers on the decreasing the degree of mortality and morbidity of early age children.

Indications of physical development of a newborn child

Average body mass of boys at birth is 3200-3400g, and that of the girls is 3100-3300g, head circumference – 34-36cm, chest circumference -32-34cm. The weigh of a child is influenced by factors:

the health of the mother, conditions of living, food, work;

the health of the fetus; constitutional and genetic factors.

Physiological loss of the body mass Develops in the first 4 days and is caused by: large extrarenal loss of water by evaporating through the skin,

through the lungs while breathing; discharge of the first feces and urine; vomiting of the swallowed around uterine waters; drying up of the umbilical remnant; starving in the first hours. There are 2 types of the mass increasing: “ideal” type – renovation of the body mass takes place on the

7-8th day (is noted in 20-25% of newborns); Slowed-up type – in 75-80% of children, slow gradual

reconstruction of the primary weight of the body during 14-15 days.

Physiological is considered loss of 9% of primary body mass.

Weighing of a child The body mass is measured on the scales for

weighing breast fed babies (shoot scale). For this matter the scale is installed horizontally and evenly. Then the wrap is weighed and put on the scale, a naked baby by the head and shoulder blade is put on the wide part and by the legs on the narrow part of the scale. For determining the body mass from the total weight is taken away the weight of the wrap. The body mass of children older 3 years is measured on medical scale. The child must stand and step out from the scale under fixed unmovable beam.

Objective laws of increasing the body mass

Up to 6 years: Body mass (BM) = Mass (M) at birth + 700xn After 6 months up to 1 year: BM= weight at 6

months+ 500x(n-6), where n – number of months. Doubling of body mass comes in 4-5 months,

three times – in 1 year. After 1 year up to 10 years: BM= 10+2n. After 10 years: BM = 30+4(n-10), where n – number of years.

Measuring the heightThe length of the body under one year is measured with

horizontal height meter which represents a wide board with a length up to 100cm and width – 40cm. Over the board there is immovable oblique strip of wood, under the board – movable plank, which easily moves. For measuring the length of the body the baby is put on the back, the top of the head being in touch with immovable oblique plank. In this the head is fixed in the following way: the upper end of external ear and the lower end of eye orbit are in one vertical plane. The legs of the child must be straight and stand close to the board of height meter. The feet are bent under right angle, the movable board of the height meter is taken close to them. The distance between the planks presents the length of the body.

Measuring the height The height of the children of older age is measured

with special height meter. The child stands on the plane of the device and touches its vertical board, which has 2 scales (for measuring the height in sitting position to the right and for the height in standing- to the left). The child must stand straight, the arms hanging down, heels together, touching with heels , buttocks, and shoulder-blades the part of the board with divisions. The head is held in the way that the lower end of eye orbit and upper end of external ear are in one plane. The plank of height meter is moved down without pressure up to the head. The height is accounted from the lower end of the plank.

Objective laws of body length increase

The medial body length of a mature newborn child The medial body length of a mature newborn child comprises 51-54 cm.comprises 51-54 cm.

In the first year of life the speed of growth of a child In the first year of life the speed of growth of a child changes every quarter: in the first quarter the height changes every quarter: in the first quarter the height increases by 3cm every month, in the second –by 2,5cm increases by 3cm every month, in the second –by 2,5cm every month, in the third –by 2cm every year and in the every month, in the third –by 2cm every year and in the forth quarter – by 1-1,5 cm every month.forth quarter – by 1-1,5 cm every month.

During the first 2-4 years of life the body length increases During the first 2-4 years of life the body length increases by 8 cm every year and to the end of the 4th year it by 8 cm every year and to the end of the 4th year it comprises 100cm. From the 5th year and up to the comprises 100cm. From the 5th year and up to the beginning of sexual maturation period the body length beginning of sexual maturation period the body length increases in average by 6 cm, and in pubertal period –by increases in average by 6 cm, and in pubertal period –by 8-12 cm a year.8-12 cm a year.

Measuring the head circumference

For measuring the head circumference a cm strip is put horizontally through the occipital nodule in the back and on the forehead over the eyebrows.

Objective laws of increasing of the head circumference

In a mature newborn child the head circumference In a mature newborn child the head circumference is an average 34-36 cm.is an average 34-36 cm.

In the first half a year the head circumference In the first half a year the head circumference increases by 1,5 cm every month, in the second increases by 1,5 cm every month, in the second – by 0,5 cm every month. In children at the age – by 0,5 cm every month. In children at the age from1 to 10 years the head circumference from1 to 10 years the head circumference increases by 1cm every year. So, the head increases by 1cm every year. So, the head circumference of a child at the age of 6 months circumference of a child at the age of 6 months comprises 43cm, 1 year – 46 cm, 5 years – 50 comprises 43cm, 1 year – 46 cm, 5 years – 50 cm,10 years -55 cm.cm,10 years -55 cm.

The chest circumference is measured in the state of complete rest. A cm strip is put on the back under the angle of shoulder blades, and in the front- along the lower end near the nipple circles. In girls with developed breast glands the cm strip is put on the level of upper end of IY rib over the breast glands. The arms of the child must be put down along the body. It is necessary to follow that the child does not take up his shoulders, does not take the arms in front or in the side.

Objective laws of chest circumference increase

At the time when a mature child is born the At the time when a mature child is born the chest circumference comprises 32-34cm, chest circumference comprises 32-34cm, during the first half a year it increases by 2 during the first half a year it increases by 2 cm every month, second half a year – by cm every month, second half a year – by 0,5cm a month. At the age of 2-10 years 0,5cm a month. At the age of 2-10 years this index increases by1,5 cm every year, this index increases by1,5 cm every year, in pubertal period – by 3cm a year. So, the in pubertal period – by 3cm a year. So, the chest circumference comprises: at the age chest circumference comprises: at the age of 6 months-45 cm, 1 year -48cm, 5 years of 6 months-45 cm, 1 year -48cm, 5 years -55 cm, 10 years – 63cm.-55 cm, 10 years – 63cm.

Unevenness of child organism growth in different age periods of

childhood is observed:

1-4 years – the first period of roundness; The first period of stretching – 5-8 years; 8-10 years – the second period of

roundness; The second period of stretching – 11-15

years.

Change of body proportions of a child’s body

Embryo 2 mths Embryo 4 mths Newborn 2 years 6 years 12 years 25 years

Picture 7. Stages of body growth of a man:The first 2 –before the birth (antenatal); the following 5 –after the birth (postnatal); age changes of proportions of different parts of the body (according to Skemmon).

Assessment of physical development

is carried out by comparing of individual indications of a child with normatives. The first (fundamental), and in many cases the only one method of assessment of physical development of a child is carrying on anthropometric research and assessment of obtained data. In this 2 main methods are used: oriented calculations and anthropometric standards.

Method of oriented calculations is based on the knowledge of the main objective

laws of increase the body mass and length, the head and chest circumferences. Corresponding normative indices can be calculated for a child of any age. Assumption interval of deviations of the actual data from the calculated one comprises +10% for average indications of physical development. The method gives only approximate picture about physical development of children and is used by pediatrics, as a rule, in a case of giving medical assistance at home.

Method of anthropometric standards

is more accurate as individual anthropometric indications are compared with normative ones corresponding to the age and sex of achild. Regional tables of standards are of 2 types: sigmal and centile.

While using the tables composed according to sigmal standards method comparing of actual indications is carried out with medial arithmetic value (M) for the given sign of the same age-sex group, to which belongs the given child. The obtained difference is expressed in sigmas (b – is the medial quadratic deviation), determining the degree of deviation of individual data from their medial value.

Method of anthropometric standards

In using the tables, composed according to the method of centile standards, it is necessary to determine centile interval, to which belongs the actual value of the sign, taking into account the age and sex, and give the assessment. It is simple in the use, does not require calculations, makes it possible to assess interconnection between different anthropometric indications and is widely used.

The scale of assessment of physical development of children with different

methods Assessment of physical development

Method of signal standards

Method of centile standards

Very high -- Over 97 centiles

High More than +δδ 90-97 centiles

Higher than average From M+1,1δδ to M+2δδ 75-90 centiles

Average М± 1δ М± 1δ 25-75 25-75 centiles

Lower than average FromFrom М-1,1δ М-1,1δ toto М-2δ М-2δ 25-10 25-10 centiles

LowLow FromFrom М – 2,1δ М – 2,1δ and and lowerlower

10-3 10-3 centiles

Very lowVery low - - Less thanLess than3 3 centiles

ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT ORDER N 149 OF MPH OF UKRAINE “ABOUT ORDER N 149 OF MPH OF UKRAINE “ABOUT

CONFIRMING CLI ICAL PROTOCOL OF MEDICA of CONFIRMING CLI ICAL PROTOCOL OF MEDICA of disturbances L CARE ABOUT A HEALTHY CHILD AT disturbances L CARE ABOUT A HEALTHY CHILD AT

THE AGE UP TO 3 YEARS”THE AGE UP TO 3 YEARS”







Semiotics of height disturbances

Decrease of height can be caused by:Diseases during pregnancy;Hydrocephaly, microcephaly;A number of diseases, when the nervous system and different organs are disturbed;Starvation, malabsorption;Congenital heart and respiratory organs failure;Kidney anomalies, tubulopathias;Diseases connected with metabolism;Endocrine diseases: hypothyrosis, hypophysial nanism, congenital disturbances in the functions of adrenal glands- growing stops after 11-12 years;Hereditary diseases (Dawn disease, Shereshevski-Terner disease);Diseases of the bones: chondrodystrophy- short extremities with shortened proximal parts, the body is of normal size;Uncompleted osteogenesis – multiple fractures.

Semiotics of height disturbances

Semiotics of high stature Often such deviations are called acceleration, but in

acceleration the body structure is proportional, sexual maturation has normal terms.

- Giantism – overproduction of somatotrophic hormone

(STH) during the diseases of hypophysis. As a rule, in parallel – hypofunction of sex glands (syndrome of

Kleinfelter). Arachnodactilia (Morphan syndrome) –

mesodermadystrophy – high stature, thin body with long and thin extremities. The arms spread is higher than the length of the body, spiderlike fingers, chaotic joints.

Semiotics of changing the body mass Dystrophy: hypotrophy or paratrophy. Hypotrophy – decrease of body mass in normal height. Reasons of hypotrophy: Alimentary character. Malabsorption syndrome. In older children – anorexia (under neuro-arthritic diathesis). Nervous anorexia. Mucoviscidosis. Celiakia. Violation of metabolism –Diabetes mellitus, nonsugar diabetes,

thyrotoxicosis, galactosemia. Intestinal infections. Tumors. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development anomalies, anomalies of

cardiovascular system development.

Semiotics of changing the body mass

Degrees of hypotrophy 1 degree -body mass deficit comprises 11-20%; 2 degree - body mass deficit comprises 21-

30%; 3 degree - body mass deficit comprises 31%

and more.


Paratrophy – increase of the body mass. Reason – overfeeding, diseases of

metabolism and endocrine system.


Hypostature – chronic violation of nutrition with steady lacking of the child in body mass and in the stature. In this nourishment of the baby can be totally satisfactory. For hypostature is characteristic that the child in his physical and psychomotor development is behind of the same age children. Hypostature is typical for children with congenital heart failure, grave encephalopathy (diseases of central nervous system, arising in the intrauterine period because of unsatisfactory conditions for the development of fetus), endocrine violations, some hereditary diseases. After the reason of hypostature is eliminated the children can overtake the same age healthy children in physical development.

Physical culture and training the children

This is action of factors promoting increasing unspecific reactivity and resistance and adaptation.

Physiological basis of steeling the organism is stimulation of defense reactions, active production of new conditioned reflexes on steeling irritant. In this take part:

The power of the epidermal layer. Blood supply, functions of sweat and sebaceous glands. The level of the main exchange. Skin temperature. Sympathetic adrenal system, protecting homeostasis. Integral effect of training is fitting the health of a person,

increasing the defense against catching cold and increasing the labor ability.

Principles of training the organism:

Gradualness; Individuality - taking into account the age, climatic conditions,

state of health; Systemness; Continuousness - training effect is achieved in 2 months,

disappears in 2-3 weeks; Diversity ( to warmness and cold (short time intensive cooling

trains the process of heat giving out, weak and medial - a process of heat production.

So there is necessity not only in different factors, but also in a diversity of the same factor (different temperature regimens).

Psychomotor development of a child

Expresses the becoming of different areas of the nervous system of a child in particular periods of life. The assessment of psychomotor development of a child is carried out during every prophylactic check up using a table, in which age peculiarities of psychomotor development of a child are given.

Assessment of psychomotor development of a child is carried out on the following criteria:

Motorics -purposeful manipulation activity of a child ; Statics -fixation and holding of definite parts of the body in

necessary position; Sensory reactions - formation of corresponding reactions on

light, sound, pain, touch; Speech - expressive speech and understanding the speech; Psychic development - positive and negative emotions,

formation of social age.

Peculiarities of PMD of newborn children

For newborns are characteristic uncoordinated athetoselike movements of extremities, rigidness of muscles, physiological hypertonus of muscles-benders, loud cry. Hearing is decreased, feeling of pain is weakened. Besides, neuro-psychic development of a newborn child is characterized by the presence of a number of unconditioned reflexes.

Reflexes of newborn period 1) steady life long automatisms (exist during the whole life):Swallowing;Tendon reflexes of extremities;Cornea;Conjunctive;Orbiculopalpebrale.

2) Transitory (exist after the birth and afterwards gradually disappear):Oral segmentary automatisms (swallowing, seeking, palm-oral-head or Babkin reflex);Spinal segmentary automatisms (defense, support, automatic walking, catching reflex of Robinson, reflexes of Moro, Kernig, crawling reflex of Bauer, reflexes of Babinski, Halant, Peres.

Reflexes of newborn period

Swallowing reflex lasts up to 10-12 months. It can be brought about putting a baby’s dummy on a mouth of a newborn, the baby makes swallowing movements.


Seeking reflex - on stroking the baby’s skin in the area of the angle of the mouth he moves his head, moves down his lower lip and moves his tongue to the irritant. Is kept by 3-4 months.

Reflexes of newborn period Palm-mouth-head reflex (Babkin) – in pressing

with big fingers on palms in the area of the mounds of big fingers of a baby, he opens his mouth and bend his head forward to the breasts. Lasts 2-3 months.

Defense reflex – if a newborn is put on his abdomen he reflectory turns his head in side. Is kept up to 2 months of life.

Reflexes of newborn period A catching reflex - on touching the palms of the

baby with fingers he catches them and holds firmly, in this the child can be lifted over the plane. The reflex lasts for 3-4 months.


Babinski reflex - on irritating the sole of the baby on the outside of the foot from the heel to the base a big finger slow straightening up of the big finger and bending the other fingers takes placer. This reflex is supposed to be physiological up to 2 years age.

Reflexes of newborn period Supporting reflex acts in the

following way: the doctor holds the baby with his

armpit spaces from the back and with the same fingers protects the head. In lifting the baby in this position he bends the legs in knee and malleolus joints. On dropping down the baby on some support he presses on it with a whole foot. This reflex is physiological up to 2 months period.

Reflexes of newborn period Reflex of automatic walking - on

bending the baby’s body in a position of protecting reflex he makes steps forward. The reflex disappears in 2 months.


Crawling reflex of Bauer - in a position on the abdolmen the baby tries to lift his head and makes crawling movements. If you put your hands under the baby’s feet he will actively push off with legs from your hands. The reflex lasts 4 months.


Peres reflex - if the baby is put on his side and move your hand from the coccyx to the neck along the bony parts of the spine this causes short apnoe in the baby, then a sharp cry, lordosis, bending of extremities, hypertonus of the muscles, sometimes defecation and urination. This reflex is checked up at the end of examination as it causes pain in a baby. This reflex is supposed to be physiological the first 3-4 months of the baby’s life.

Reflexes of newborn period the third group of reflexes, which are formed not at once

after the birth, but in the definite months of life. These reflexes are called determining automatisms. This group of reflexes includes the upper and lower posotonic reflexes of Landau, simple cervical and trunk determining reflexes, chain determining reflex from trunk to trunk.

The upper posotonic reflex of Landau - in a position of a baby on the abdomen he rises his head, the upper part of his trunk and, supporting with his hands, stays in this position. This reflex appears at the age of 3-4 months.

Psychomotor development Age Motility Statics Sensory

reactionsSpeech Emotions

and social behavior

1 month 1 month PhysiologicalPhysiologicalhypertone ofhypertone ofmuscles ismuscles isdecreased,decreased,atetoselikeatetoselikemovementsmovementsof extremities of extremities fade.fade. ExpressedExpressedunconditionedunconditionedreflexes.reflexes.

BeginsBeginsholdingholdingthe head the head for somefor someminutesminutesin horizontalin horizontalposition,position,lies on thelies on the abdomenabdomenat the end ofat the end ofthe month.the month.

Appears Appears shorttimeshorttimelooking onlooking onaround thearound thesurroundingssurroundingsand hearingand hearingfixation.fixation.

ArisingArisingsimglesimglesoundssoundsat theat theend ofend ofa month,a month,pronouncepronouncevowelvowelsoundssoundsfrom ‘a’from ‘a’to ‘e’.to ‘e’.

ReactsReactsnegatively negatively ononstrong strong sound sound and lightand lightirritants.irritants.Having seenHaving seena new face, a new face, hehefixes on itfixes on itfor a for a moment.moment.

Psychomotor development

Age Motility Statics Sensory reactions

Speech Emotions and social behavior

33 month month Majority of Majority of unconditioned unconditioned reflexes begin reflexes begin to disappear to disappear (seeking, (seeking, Babkin, Babkin, catching and catching and others). others). Stretches out Stretches out for a toy. for a toy. Muscular tone Muscular tone is normalized.is normalized.

Holds the Holds the head well.head well.

In the In the reaction on reaction on sound sound irritants and irritants and brilliant brilliant subjects subjects appears appears fixing up his fixing up his eyes on eyes on them, active them, active reaction.reaction.

Frequent, Frequent, lasting lasting sounds. sounds. The first The first chains of chains of sounds sounds “rrr”.“rrr”.

Answers Answers with with complex of complex of excitement excitement on on emotional emotional communicacommunication. Social tion. Social smile. smile.




44 month month Appear Appear directed directed movements of movements of arms: better arms: better takes a toy. takes a toy. Turns from Turns from back to his back to his side. side. Disappear Disappear most of most of unconditioned unconditioned reflexes reflexes (Moro, (Moro, crawling, crawling, catching).catching).

In vertical In vertical position position appear the appear the first first manifestatimanifestations of ons of supporting supporting by the by the legs. In a legs. In a position on position on the the abdomen –abdomen –confident confident support on support on the the forearms.forearms.

A complex of A complex of excitement excitement while while meeting meeting close close relatives. For relatives. For the first time the first time begins to begins to recognize recognize the mother. the mother. Looks Looks attentively attentively on a toy in on a toy in the hand.the hand.

Frequent, Frequent, lasting lasting singing singing like like different different sounds. sounds. Appear lip Appear lip consonanconsonants “m”, ts “m”, “b”, “b”, shouts of shouts of joy. joy.

Loudly Loudly laughs in a laughs in a reply to reply to emotional emotional oral oral appeal. appeal.



66 month month Actively turns Actively turns from the back from the back to the to the abdomen, abdomen, begins to turn begins to turn from the from the abdomen on abdomen on the back. the back. Catches Catches purposefully a purposefully a proposed toy, proposed toy, puts it from puts it from one hand to one hand to another.another.

In a In a position on position on the the abdomen abdomen he is he is supported supported by the by the stretched stretched arms or arms or fully open fully open palms. palms. Begins to Begins to sit down sit down through through turning on turning on the back the back leaning on leaning on the arm.the arm.

More More adequate adequate reaction on reaction on the the appearance appearance of the of the mother, mother, father or a father or a strange strange person. person. Follows with Follows with the eyes the eyes after a toy, after a toy, which fell which fell down.down.

Speaking: Speaking: consecuticonsecutive ve connectinconnecting of g of different different expresseexpressed d syllables syllables with with changing changing the the strength strength of sound of sound and and stress of stress of the tone. the tone.

Emotions Emotions are are differentiatdifferentiated, ed, stretches stretches his arms to his arms to be taken be taken on the on the hands. hands. Differently Differently behaves behaves with close with close people and people and strangers.strangers.



88 month month Catches with Catches with each hand a each hand a brick and brick and holds it firmly holds it firmly for some short for some short time.time.

Crawls on Crawls on the the abdomen, abdomen, stretching stretching the arms the arms ahead. ahead. Unassisted Unassisted sits down, sits down, lies down, lies down, gets up.gets up.

After definite After definite bringing up bringing up shows with shows with hands “good hands “good bye”, with a bye”, with a nod of the nod of the head gives a head gives a sign of agree sign of agree -“yes” or -“yes” or negation - negation - “no”.“no”.

Prattles Prattles with joy, with joy, pronouncpronounces the es the sounds sounds “ba”, “ba”, “ma”, “ma”, “yes”.“yes”.

Adequate Adequate emotional emotional reactions reactions on reply of on reply of conversatioconversation. Follows n. Follows the actions the actions of the other of the other children, children, laughs, laughs, prattles.prattles.


Psychomotor development Age Motility Statics Sensory

reactionsSpeech Emotions

and social behavior

1010 month month

The number of The number of purposefull purposefull movements movements increases: increases: composes a composes a pyramid, puts pyramid, puts the toys in the toys in their places, their places, etc. “Pincer” etc. “Pincer” catching - catching - takes takes something something with a thumb with a thumb and index and index finger.finger.

He can be He can be taken taken supported supported on one on one hand. hand. Crawls on Crawls on surfaces of surfaces of different different height, height, many many children children can stand can stand supported supported with some with some subject.subject.

More More expressed expressed and enriched and enriched are the are the indicated indicated things. things. Repeats the Repeats the movements movements of adult of adult people, people, “Speaks on “Speaks on the phone”, the phone”, “Mixes the “Mixes the porridge”. porridge”. Throws Throws away a toy.away a toy.

The first The first words words appear, appear, which the which the child child understandsunderstands. In the . In the vocabulary vocabulary there are there are some some words. words. Correctly Correctly repeats the repeats the words said words said by an adult by an adult person. person.

DifferentiatDifferentiated mimical ed mimical movementsmovements, voice , voice reactions. reactions. Reacts on Reacts on everything everything new. Plays new. Plays with with children children with one with one toy.toy.




12 12 month month

Can play Can play with toys with toys during during an hour an hour or more.or more.

Walks Walks along the along the furniture, furniture, assisted assisted on one on one hand or hand or unassisteunassisted at all. d at all.

Fulfills more Fulfills more and more and more complicated complicated demands or demands or requests, requests, understandinunderstanding them. g them. More and More and more more demonstratiodemonstrations of ns of reactions on reactions on the the surroundingssurroundings..

The first words The first words appear, which appear, which the child the child understands. In understands. In the vocabulary the vocabulary there are some there are some words. words. Correctly Correctly repeats the repeats the words said by words said by an adult an adult person. person. Voabulary - 8-Voabulary - 8-10 words. 10 words.

Gives a toy to Gives a toy to another child, another child, doing this he doing this he smiles or laughs smiles or laughs and prattles. and prattles. Seeks the toys, Seeks the toys, which are which are hidden. On hidden. On request he request he embraces the embraces the parents, waits parents, waits for some praise, for some praise, confirming his confirming his success by a success by a close person.close person.

On the results of assessment of psychomotor development of a child tactics is determined for the following medical observation. If a child fulfills all the actions characteristic for his age, it is necessary to carry on consultation on the care with the aim of development. If the child cannot fulfill the proposed actions or there is delay in appearing new skills, the mother must be taught how to carry on studies with the child aimed at development and how to use additional stimulations for producing skills, which are underdeveloped.

The doctor’s tactics according to the results of a child’s psychomotor development assessment

Results of assessment Tactics

The indices of psychomotor The indices of psychomotor development are in development are in accordance with the child’s accordance with the child’s age.age.

he following observation. he following observation. Consultation on the care with Consultation on the care with the aim of development.the aim of development.

Determined delay of Determined delay of developing skills in a child of developing skills in a child of 1 month in the first year of 1 month in the first year of life.life.

Consultation on the care Consultation on the care aimed at development and aimed at development and carrying on correction carrying on correction training. Repeated check up training. Repeated check up in 1 month. If the revealed in 1 month. If the revealed delay lasts by the repeated delay lasts by the repeated check up, there is a need in check up, there is a need in of a children’s doctor-of a children’s doctor-neurologist’sneurologist’s consultation.consultation.

Results of assessment Tactics

Delay in arising the skills of 3 Delay in arising the skills of 3 months in children at the age months in children at the age from 1 to 2 years.from 1 to 2 years.

Consultation about the care aimed Consultation about the care aimed at development and carrying on at development and carrying on correction training.correction training.Repeated check up in 1-3 months.Repeated check up in 1-3 months.If determined the delay lasting, If determined the delay lasting, there must be the children’s doctor-there must be the children’s doctor-neurologist’s consultation.neurologist’s consultation.

Delay in arising the skills of 6 Delay in arising the skills of 6 months in children at the age months in children at the age from 2 to 3 years.from 2 to 3 years.

Consultation on the care aimed at Consultation on the care aimed at development. development. Repeated check up in 2-6 months.Repeated check up in 2-6 months.If the revealed delay is lasting, there If the revealed delay is lasting, there is a need in children’s doctor-is a need in children’s doctor-neurologist’s consultation.neurologist’s consultation.

The doctor’s tactics according to the results of a child’s psychomotor development assessment

Semiotics of psychomotor development disturbances

Thank you for your attention

Date post:	16-Feb-2017
Category:	Education
Upload:	eneutron
View:	630 times
Download:	1 times

Pediatrics Physical and psycho-motor development of children of different age groups

Education