Peeling the Layers Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company What is inside Earth?...

Peeling the Layers

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

What is inside Earth?

• Earth is made of several layers.

• Each layer has its own characteristic properties.

• Scientists think about Earth’s layers in two ways—in terms of chemical composition and in terms of physical properties.

Unit 4 Lesson 1 Earth’s Layers

http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/earthsstructure/

http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/earthsstructure/

Brain pop on earth’s layers

What are Earth’s compositional layers?

• Earth can be divided into four layers based on chemical composition: the crust, the mantle, and the outer core and the inner core.




• The outermost solid layer of Earth is the crust.

• There are two types of crust: • A)continental and• B) oceanic.




• Both types of crust are made mostly of oxygen, silicon, and aluminum. Crustal plates are made up of crust and upper mantle.

• Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust because it contains almost twice as much iron, calcium, and magnesium.



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• The mantle is located between the crust and the core. 30 km-2900 km thick; temp. over 1,000 degrees C.

• The mantle is a region of hot, slow-flowing solid rock.

• The mantle contains more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust.



What are Earth’s compositional layers?• Convection is the movement of matter that

results from differences in density caused by variations in temperature.

• Convection in the mantle causes cooler rock to sink and warmer rock to rise.

• This aids in moving the plates ( plate tectonics)



11.6 km = 1 mile !

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TheThe The core extends from

Below mantle to center of the earth.

The core is densest layer and makes up about 1/3 of the earth’s mass.

What are Earth’s physical layers?

• Earth is also divided into layers based on physical properties, such as whether the layer is solid or liquid.

• The five physical layers are the lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, and inner core.



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• The outermost, rigid layer of Earth is the lithosphere.

• The lithosphere is made of the crust and the rigid, upper part of the mantle. It is about 100 km thick. ( about 63 miles )

• The lithosphere is divided into pieces called tectonic plates.




• The asthenosphere is the layer of weak or soft mantle made of solid rock that moves very slowly.

• The asthenosphere is located below the lithosphere and is often described as “plastic like”

• Tectonic plates move on top of the asthenosphere.




• The strong, lower part of the mantle is called the mesosphere.

• Rock in the mesosphere flows more slowly than rock in the asthenosphere.




• The outer core is the liquid layer of Earth’s core.

• The outer core lies beneath the mantle and surrounds the inner core. About 3700 degrees C

• Mostly nickel and Iron– this liquid layer contributes to the Earth’s magnetic field.

• The magnetic field of the Earth protects the Earth from the Sun’s dangerous radiation



https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cosmology-and-astronomy/earth-history-topic/plate-techtonics/v/compositional-and

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cosmology-and-astronomy/earth-history-topic/plate-techtonics/v/compositional-and

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cosmology-and-astronomy/earth-history-topic/plate-techtonics/v/compositional-and-mechanical-layers-of-the-earth


• The inner core is the solid, dense center of our planet. Thickness: 5100 km to 6400 km ; temp. is about 4, 300 – 5000 degrees C

• The inner core extends from the bottom of the outer core to the center of Earth. Almost all IRON!



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