Peer to Peer & Grid Computing

Ian Foster

Mathematics and Computer Science Division

Argonne National Laboratory

and

Department of Computer Science

The University of Chicago

http://www.mcs.anl.gov/~foster

Talk at Internet2 Peer to Peer Workshop, January 30, 2002

The Grid Problem

Resource sharing & coordinated problem solving in dynamic, multi-institutional virtual organizations

Grids and Peer-to-Peer Computing Common interests

– Enabling the coordinated use of geographically distributed resources—in the absence of central control and existing trust relationships

– Authentication, authorization, auditing, resource discovery, resource management, remote data access, fault tolerance, …

– “Beyond client server” Differences

– Historically high-end vs. strongly commodity

– Predominately eScience vs. eCommodity

The Grid World: Current Status Dozens of major Grid projects in scientific & technical

computing/research & education– Deployment, application, technology

Consensus on key concepts & technologies– Open source Globus Toolkit™ a de facto standard for

major protocols & services

– Far from complete or perfect, but out there, evolving rapidly, and large tool/user base

Global Grid Forum a significant force Industrial interest emerging rapidly

– Commercial support for Globus Toolkit; OGSA

Why Grids? (1) eScience A biochemist exploits 10,000 computers to

screen 100,000 compounds in an hour 1,000 physicists worldwide pool resources for

peta-op analyses of petabytes of data Civil engineers collaborate to design, execute,

& analyze shake table experiments Climate scientists visualize, annotate, &

analyze terabyte simulation datasets An emergency response team couples real time

data, weather model, population data

Grid Communities & Applications:Data Grids for High Energy Physics

Tier2 Centre ~1 TIPS

Online System

Offline Processor Farm

~20 TIPS

CERN Computer Centre

FermiLab ~4 TIPSFrance Regional Centre

Italy Regional Centre

Germany Regional Centre

InstituteInstituteInstituteInstitute ~0.25TIPS

Physicist workstations

~100 MBytes/sec

~100 MBytes/sec

~622 Mbits/sec

~1 MBytes/sec

There is a “bunch crossing” every 25 nsecs.

There are 100 “triggers” per second

Each triggered event is ~1 MByte in size

Physicists work on analysis “channels”.

Each institute will have ~10 physicists working on one or more channels; data for these channels should be cached by the institute server

Physics data cache

~PBytes/sec

~622 Mbits/sec or Air Freight (deprecated)

Tier2 Centre ~1 TIPS

Tier2 Centre ~1 TIPS

Tier2 Centre ~1 TIPS

Caltech ~1 TIPS

~622 Mbits/sec

Tier 0Tier 0

Tier 1Tier 1

Tier 2Tier 2

Tier 4Tier 4

1 TIPS is approximately 25,000

SpecInt95 equivalents

www.griphyn.org www.ppdg.net www.eu-datagrid.org

Grid Physics Network (GriPhyN) Enabling R&D for advanced data grid systems,

focusing in particular on Virtual Data concept

Virtual Data ToolsRequest Planning and

Scheduling ToolsRequest Execution Management Tools

Transforms

Distributed resources(code, storage,computers, and network)

Resource Management

Services

Resource Management

Services

Security and Policy

Services

Security and Policy

Services

Other Grid Services

Other Grid Services

Interactive User Tools

Production Team

Individual Investigator Other Users

Raw data source

ATLASCMSLIGOSDSS

Paul Avery, Ian Foster, Co-PIs www.griphyn.org

Grid Communities and Applications:Network for Earthquake Eng. Simulation

NEESgrid: US national infrastructure to couple earthquake engineers with experimental facilities, databases, computers, & each other

On-demand access to experiments, data streams, computing, archives, collaboration

NEESgrid: Argonne, Michigan, NCSA, UIUC, USC www.neesgrid.org

Ambient mic(tabletop)

Presentermic

Presentercamera

Audience camera

Example Grid Communities:Access Grid Collaboration

Enable collaborative work at dozens of sites worldwide, with strong sense of shared presence

Combination of commodity audio/video tech + Grid technologies for security, discovery, etc.

40+ sites worldwide, number rising rapidly

Why Grids? (2) eBusiness Engineers at a multinational company

collaborate on the design of a new product A multidisciplinary analysis in aerospace

couples code and data in four companies An insurance company mines data from partner

hospitals for fraud detection An application service provider offloads excess

load to a compute cycle provider An enterprise configures internal & external

resources to support eBusiness workload

Open Grid Services Architecture(ANL-IBM-ISI; Globus Toolkit 3.0)

Service orientation to virtualize resources From Web services (WSDL, WS-Ins, etc.):

– Standard interface definition mechanisms: multiple protocol bindings, multiple implementations, local/remote transparency

Building on Globus Toolkit:– Grid service: semantics for service interactions

– Management of transient instances (& state)

– Factory, Registry, Discovery, other services

– Reliable and secure transport Multiple hosting targets: J2EE, .NET, “C”, …

Grids and Universities “What can universities do to enhance their

constituents’ abilities to form & participate in virtual organizations?”– Deploy standard central services: authentication,

directories; policies

– Create campus Grids offering distributed compute services, data services

– Provide training and consulting in Grid technologies and applications

NSF middleware initiative offers support for such activities

NSF Middleware Initiative (NMI)nsf-middleware.org

GRIDS (Grid Research Integration Development & Support) Center

www.grids-center.org

– Integration, packaging, testing, distribution of standard NMI software (security, directory, compute, storage, etc., etc.)

– Training, documentation, some support

– Single POC for high-quality Grid software EDIT (I2 + SURA)

– Focus on policies and end-user tools

For More Information The Globus Project™

– www.globus.org GriPhyN

– www.griphyn.net GRIDS Center

– www.grids-center.org Global Grid Forum

– www.gridforum.org Grid architecture

– www.globus.org/research/papers/anatomy.pdf